Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 Przeczytaj tekst, który został podzielony na cztery części (A–D), oraz pytania go dotyczące (1–5).
Do każdego pytania dopasuj właściwą część tekstu. Uwaga: w jednej części tekstu znajdują się
odpowiedzi na dwa pytania.
In which paragraph does the author
1 mention the pluses and minuses of a current situation? ___
2 point out that the workplace was different for previous generations? ___
3 describe the impracticalities of gaining work experience while studying? ___
4 explain how students are getting the necessary experience and exposure to work? ___
5 point out an added challenge for more financially disadvantaged students? ___
A
Finding that first job after getting your degree is becoming more and more challenging. When your parents
were starting out, they could rely on the fact that companies were looking for educated young people
with little or no work experience to do menial or low-skill tasks. These so-called ‘entry-level’ jobs might involve
answering the phone, making travel arrangements, and helping to put together presentations. Young people
were willing to take on these low-level jobs on the understanding that, with hard work, they could be
promoted to positions that made better use of their skills and education.
B
Nowadays, however, it is harder and harder to find job listings which do not demand two to three years
of relevant work experience, even for entry-level positions. This puts university graduates in a difficult position,
since focusing on their education has made it difficult to take on paid work. If they do work part-time, it is
usually in service industry jobs such as waiting tables, serving in shops, or doing manual labour, none of which
are relevant to their future careers. This leaves a lot of young people wondering how they can even get a foot
in the door when they seemingly have no chance of gaining the necessary experience.
C
One answer seems to be internships. As one expert on labour issues has said, ‘Internships are now the entry
level.’ University students who land an internship related to their field of study have a definite advantage
when it comes to finding their first real job. Although internships are normally unpaid, which may be
a challenge for less affluent students, they do offer the chance to gain the ‘relevant experience’ which is
so desirable in today’s job market. They also give potential employers a chance to gauge young people’s work
ethic, flexibility and ability to learn, which means that the best interns may end up actually becoming
the future employees of those companies.
4 Complete the text with the correct words. The first letters have been given.
My uncle Joseph, who trained as an accountant, became a (1) c________ s________ at an early age, doing
the accounts for the city authorities. He joined the (2) u________ which represented people in his profession,
and assumed he was set up for life. Being a meticulous person, he got a degree of job (3) s________
out of keeping the accounts in order, but he knew it was a (4) d________ e________ job with few prospects
of advancement. By chance, he ran into an old friend from college who had set up his own accounting firm
and was becoming highly successful. That’s when my uncle decided to go (5) f________ on a part-time basis
and, once he had built up enough clients, to open his own company.
___ / 5
6 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane w nawiasach tak, aby otrzymać logiczne
i gramatycznie poprawne zdania. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych
fragmentów zdań. Uwaga: w każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów.
1 Because she’d used up all her holiday, Paula decided to _____________ (wziąć urlop bezpłatny) in order
to visit her parents in Norway.
2 I _____________ (mam rozmowę oceniającą) with my supervisor tomorrow, and I’m feeling really nervous
about it!
3 If David makes another change, he _____________ (będzie miał) seven jobs in five years.
4 As a trainee plumber, Kate _____________ (odbędzie praktyki) before getting her qualification.
5 The factory is definitely _____________ (zamierza zmniejszyć produkcję) because of a lack of raw materials.
___ / 5
8 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: A, B, C albo D.
My sister loves English literature, so it’s no surprise that by the end of this year she (1) ___ nearly ten years
working towards her PhD in the subject. Now that she nearly has the (2) ___ she needs to become a university
lecturer, she is having to face the fact that it won’t be easy for her to find a position working in the UK.
Competition for posts here is intense, so finding a job as a lecturer is highly unlikely. Although she would prefer
to stay in the UK, she says that she will consider teaching abroad if it means having a (3) ___ position and a
good salary. Our parents, who are both involved in business, were sceptical of her decision to study literature
from the outset. However, after witnessing her dedication and her ability to work (4) ___ pressure when it
comes to deadlines, they now support her decision to teach literature for a living, and they’ve offered to do
everything they can to help her climb the career ladder within the educational system. My sister herself is
convinced that she (5) ___, and that hard work and persistence will help her to accomplish her goal.
1
A will spend B will have spent C has spent D will be spending
2
A qualities B applications C motivations D qualifications
3
A monotonous B permanent C fixed D manual
4
A under B in C beneath D over
5
A will have succeeded B will be succeeding C succeeds D is going to succeed
___ / 5
TOTAL: ___ / 40