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8. Each of the four humors has been associated with different personality types, in that blood has been associated with
A. a laid-back approach to life.
B. an angry disposition.
C. sadness.
D. a passionate temperament.
9. According to the humoral theory of illness, yellow bile is known to be associated with
A. a laid-back approach to life.
B. an angry disposition.
C. sadness.
D. a passionate temperament.
10. According to the humoral theory of illness, black bile is associated with
A. an angry disposition.
B. a passionate temperament.
C. sadness.
D. a laid-back approach to life.
12. The humoral theory of illness was replaced by the science of _____ during the Renaissance.
A. biotechnology
B. organic chemistry
C. molecular biology
D. cellular pathology
14. Sigmund Freud described _____ as a specific unconscious conflict that produces physical disturbances and symbolizes
repressed psychological conflicts.
A. etiology
B. conversion hysteria
C. chronic illness
D. epidemiology
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15. In the context of psychosomatic medicine, Flanders Dunbar and Franz Alexander maintained that conflicts produce
anxiety, which becomes unconscious and takes a physiological toll on the body via the
A. cardiovascular system.
B. autonomic nervous system.
C. integumentary system.
D. muscular system.
16. In the context of Flanders Dunbar and Franz Alexander’s work in the field of psychosomatic medicine, which of the
following disorders were believed to be psychosomatic in origin?
A. colitis
B. tuberculosis
C. diphtheria
D. diabetes
17. The belief that profiles of particular disorders are caused by emotional conflicts is propagated by the
A. theory of biophysics.
B. field of psychosomatic medicine.
C. biomedical model.
D. tools of neuroscience.
18. Which of the following statements is true about the biomedical model?
A. It focuses on behaviors that promote health rather than emphasizing illness over health.
B. It recognizes social and psychological processes as powerful influences over bodily estates.
C. It assumes that psychological and social processes are largely relevant to the disease process.
D. It reduces illness to low-level processes such as disordered cells and chemical imbalances.
19. According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following is a macrolevel process that continually interacts with
microlevel processes to influence health and illness and their course?
A. cellular disorders
B. chemical imbalances
C. depression
D. social seclusion
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23. _____ is an example of a chronic illness that is particularly prevalent in industrialized countries.
A. Influenza
B. Pneumonia
C. Cancer
D. Tuberculosis
24. Which of the following suggests that chronic illnesses helped in propagating the field of health psychology?
A. Chronic illnesses often result in problems in family functioning.
B. Chronic illnesses are short-lived, and its management is simple.
C. Psychological factors are the sole causes implicated in chronic illnesses.
D. Chronic illnesses usually have no requirement for lengthy interventions.
26. Which of the following statements, if TRUE, will support the argument that health care delivery has a substantial social
and psychological impact on people?
A. Few people in the United States have direct contact with the health care system as a recipient of services.
B. Health psychologists know what makes people satisfied or dissatisfied with their health care.
C. Health psychology rejects the notion that people’s risky health behaviors can be modified before they become ill.
D. Health psychology mainly emphasizes cure rather than prevention to reduce the dollars devoted to the management of
illness.
27. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010, _____ million Americans had no health insurance.
A. 15.3
B. 26.7
C. 49.9
D. 54.6
28. Behavioral interventions, particularly those that target risk factors such as diet or smoking, have contributed to the
decline in the incidence of some diseases, especially
A. Addison’s disease.
B. autoimmune thyroid disease.
C. coronary heart disease.
D. undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
30. Judith is diagnosed with a lump in her gallbladder that must be surgically removed. Her doctor and the hospital
psychologist explain the procedure, the difficulties, and the benefits of undergoing the surgery. Judith is aware of the extent
of pain she might experience, and she will be taught techniques to manage the pain. According to Janis and Johnson, which
of the following is Judith likely to do?
A. improve her adjustment toward the procedure
B. feel anxious and withdraw from the procedure
C. ask for a substitute procedure that might involve less pain
D. take a second opinion from another health care provider to verify the facts
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34. A researcher creates two or more conditions that differ from each other in exact and predetermined ways in
A. descriptive research.
B. a longitudinal study.
C. a theory.
D. an experiment.
35. An experiment conducted by a health care practitioner to evaluate treatments or interventions and their effectiveness over
time is called a
A. retrospective design.
B. prospective research.
C. randomized clinical trial.
D. correlational study.
37. _____ is a medical intervention that goes through rigorous testing and evaluation of its benefits through randomized
clinical trials.
A. Ethno medicine
B. Alternative medicine
C. Psychosomatic medicine
D. Evidence-based medicine
38. A health psychologist measures whether a change in one variable corresponds with changes in another variable in
A. correlational research.
B. prospective research.
C. retrospective research.
D. applied research.
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Language: English
TAKEN DURING
T R A V E L S I N A F R I C A.
t
Drawn by J. G. Wilkinson Esqre. from a Sketch taken Drawn on Stone & Printed by P. Gauci, 9, North Cres .
by the late John Davidson. re
Bedford Sq .
VIEW OF WADNOON.
From the roof of Sheik Beyrook’s House
NOTES
TAKEN DURING
T R A V E L S I N A F R I C A,
BY THE LATE
LONDON:
P R I N T E D B Y J . L . C O X A N D S O N S , 7 5 , G R E AT Q U E E N S T R E E T,
LINCOLN’S-INN FIELDS.
1839.
A D V E R T I S E M E N T.
Page
A P P E N D I X.
Extracts from the Correspondence of Mr. Davidson, during his Residence
in Morocco; with an Account of his further progress in the Desert 181
Account of Mr. Davidson’s Death, extracted from the Journal of the Royal
Geographical Society 202
History of Abou, extracted from the Journal of the Royal Geographical
Society 208
Mr. Hay’s Letter, referred to in the Notes, and Reply thereto 215
[Illustrations]
VIEW OF WADNOON.
Style of Buildings of Wadnoon.
THE RIVER DRAHA.
N O T E S
TAKEN DURING
T R A V E L S I N A F R I C A.