PROBLEM 8-23 (page 422, 14th edition)

The beam is supported in a horizontal position by a pin at A and

a roller at B. The weight P of the beam is 60 N. The weight of
the roller may be neglected. The coefficients of static friction at
B and C are 0.4 and 0.5. The value of ! is increased until
impending motion occurs.

• Determine the values of all friction and normal forces at

impending motion.
• Determine the value of ! at impending motion.
 8-23 (page 422, 14th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

• Data P = 60 N l=2m
Wroller = 0 µB = 0.4 µC = 0.5

• Cartesian component equations of equilibrium

Beam : ! Fx = 0 : Ax + FB = 0 (1)

! Fy = 0 : Ay + N B ! P = 0 (2)

! (M z )A = 0 : 2l N B ! l P = 0 (3)

Roller: ! Fx = 0 : NC sin! " FC cos! " FB = 0 (4)

or ! F! = 0 : ! FC ! FB cos" + N B sin" = 0 (4*)

! Fy = 0 : NC cos! + FC sin! " N B = 0 (5)

or ! F" = 0 : NC ! FB sin" ! N B cos" = 0 (5*)

! (M z )O = 0 : r FB = r FC (6)

Restrictions: FB ! µB N B FC ! µC NC

Eqs. (1) to (6) contain 7 unknowns:

Ax Ay NB FB NC FC !
We need another equation to solve the problem.
 8-23 (page 422, 14th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM page 2

• Data P = 60 N l=2m
Wroller = 0 µB = 0.4 µC = 0.5

• It follows from eqs. (2) and (3) that

Ay = N B = P / 2 = 30 N
It follows from eqs. (4), (4*) and (6) or (5), (5*) and (6) that

NC = N B so NC = 30 N

• Impending sliding occurs at B since µB < µC : FB = µB N B (7)

Then FC = FB = 12 N and Ax = ! 12 N

• Angle !

Write FB = N B tan!B where tan !B = µB

Eq. (4*): ! tan"B ! cos# tan"B + sin# = 0

so sin!B = sin" cos!B # cos" sin!B = sin(! " #B )

o
That is, ! = 2 "B = 2 tan#1 µB = 43.6 (8)
 8-23 (page 422, 14th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM page 3

Eq. (8) was derived using algebra. It can also be derived using
geometry and the vector equation of equilibrium for the roller.

• The roller is a two-force member. The vector equation of equilibrium is

! !
RB + RC = 0
where
! ! !
RB = FB + N B FB = N B tan!B
! ! !
RC = FC + NC FC = FB NC = N B
!
RB is the resultant force of friction at B.
!
RC is the resultant force of friction at C.
! !
RB points from B to C. RC points from C to B.
!
N B points from B to the centre of the roller.
!
NC points from C to the centre of the roller.
! ! ! !
!B is the angle between RB and N B and between RC and NC .

It follows from the geometry of these vectors that

! = 2 "B (8)
 PROBLEM 8-55 (page 428, 14th edition)

PROBLEM 8-53 (page 413, 13th edition)

The wheel weighs 20 lb and rests on a surface for which the

coefficient of static friction µ B = 0.2 .
A cord wrapped around the wheel is attached to the top of the 30 lb
homogeneous block.
The coefficient of static friction µ D at D is 0.3.
• Determine the smallest vertical force P that can be applied
tangentially to the wheel which will cause impending motion.
 8-55 (page 428, 14th edition) 8-53 (page 413, 13th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

• Data W A = 20 lb rA = 1.5 ft µB = 0.25

WC = 30 lb hC = 3 ft wC = 1.5 ft µD = 0.3

• Cartesian component equations of equilibrium

Wheel: ! Fx = 0 : FB = T (1)

! Fy = 0 : N B = P + 20 (2)

! (M z )B = 0 : 1.5 P = 3T (3)

Block: ! Fx = 0 : FD = T (4)

! Fy = 0 : N D = 30

! (M z )D = 0 : 30 xD = 3T (5)

Restrictions:

FB ! µB N B

FD ! µD N D = 0.3(30) lb = 9 lb

xD ! 0.75 ft

• Eqs. (1) to (5) contain 6 unknowns:

P T FB NB FD xD

We need another equation to solve the problem.

 8-55 (page 428, 14th edition) 8-53 (page 413, 13th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM page 2

• Assume impending sliding at B: FB = µB N B = 0.2 N B (6)

Solution to eqs. (1) to (6):

P = 13.3 lb T = FB = FD = 6.67 lb
N B = 33.3 lb N D = 30.0 lb xD = 0.667 ft

FD < µD N D = 9.00 lb xD < 0.750 ft ! assumption correct

• Assume impending sliding at D: FD = µD N D = 0.3 N D (6)

Solution to eqs. (1) to (6):

P = 18.0 lb T = FB = FD = 9.00 lb
N B = 38.0 lb N D = 30.0 lb xD = 0.900 ft

FB > µB N B = 0.2 (38) lb = 7.60 lb xD > 0.75 ft ! assumption incorrect

• Assume impending tipping: xD = 0.75 ft (6)

Solution to eqs. (1) to (6):

P = 15.0 lb T = FB = FD = 7.50 lb
N B = 35.0 lb N D = 30.0 lb xD = 0.750 ft

FB > µB N B = 0.2 (35) lb = 7.00 lb ! assumption incorrect

 PROBLEM 8-64 (page 422, 13th edition)

• Determine the largest weight of the wedge that can be placed

between the 8 lb cylinder and the wall without upsetting
equilibrium.

The coefficients of static friction at A, B and C are

µ A = 0.5, µ B = 0.6, µC = 0.5.
 8-64 (page 422, 13th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

o
• Data Wc = 8 lb r = 0.5 ft ! = 30

µA = 0.5 µB = 0.6 µC = 0.5

• Cartesian component equations of equilibrium

Wedge: ! Fx = 0 : N B cos! " FB sin! " NC = 0 (1)

! Fy = 0 : N B sin! + FB cos! + FC " W = 0 (2)

Cylinder: ! Fx = 0 : ! N B cos" + FB sin" + FA = 0 (3)

! Fy = 0 : !N B sin" ! FB cos" + N A ! Wc = 0 (4)

! (M z )O = 0 : FA r = FB r (5)

Restrictions:

FA ! µA N A FB ! µB N B FC ! µC NC

• Eqs. (1) to (5) contain 7 unknowns:

W FA N A FB N B FC NC

We need two more equations to solve the problem.

 8-64 (page 422, 13th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM page 2

• Assume impending sliding at C and A:

FC = µC NC (6)

FA = µA N A (7)

Solution to eqs. (1) to (7):

W = 66.6 lb FA = FB = 29.9 lb FC = 14.9 lb

N A = 59.7 lb N B = 51.7 lb NC = 29.9 lb

FB < µB N B = 0.6 (51.71) lb = 31.0 lb ! assumptions correct

• Assume impending sliding at C and B:

FC = µC NC (6)

FB = µB N B (7)

Solution to eqs. (1) to (7):

N A = 8.00 lb W = FA = FB = FC = N B = NC = 0

This is not a sensible solution. It is not possible to have sliding at C and

B and not at A with the given data ! assumptions incorrect.
 PROBLEM 8-67* (page 417, 12th edition)
• Determine the smallest horizontal force P required to lift the 100
kg cylinder. Friction may be neglected.
 8-67* (page 417, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

o
• Data m = 100 kg g = 9.81 m/s2 W = mg ! = 10

• Cartesian component equations of equilibrium

Wedge: ! Fx = 0 : P ! N B sin" = 0 (1)

! Fy = 0 : NC ! N B cos" = 0 (2)

Cylinder: ! Fx = 0 : N B sin! " N A = 0 (3)

! Fy = 0 : N B cos! " W = 0 (4)

• Solution to eqs. (1) to (4):

P = W tan! = 173 N

NA = P

N B cos! = NC = W = 981 N

• These solutions illustrate the practical value of the wedge:

It takes a push of only 173 N to lift the 981 N cylinder.

 PROBLEM 8-144 (page 449, 13th edition)

PROBLEM 8-3 (page 401, 12th edition)

A 100 N horizontal force is just sufficient to hold the crate from

sliding down the plane.
A 350 N horizontal force is required to just push the crate up the
plane.

• Determine the coefficient of static friction between the plane and

the crate and the mass of the crate.
 8-144 (page 449, 13th edition) 8-3 (page 401, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM SOLUTION 1

o
• Data: g = 9.81 m/s2 W = mg ! = 30 Pd = 100 N Pu = 350 N

• Impending motion down the plane Equations of equilibrium:

! F! = 0 : Pd cos! " W sin! + µ N = 0 (1)

! F" = 0 : ! Pd sin" ! W cos" + N = 0 (2)

Solve Eqs. (1) and (2) for µ :

W sin ! " Pd cos!

µ= (3)
W cos! + Pd sin !

• Impending motion up the plane Equations of equilibrium:

! F! = 0 : Pu cos! " W sin! " µ N = 0 (4)

! F" = 0 : !Pu sin" ! W cos" + N = 0 (5)

Solve Eqs. (4) and (5) for µ :

Pu cos! " W sin !

µ= (6)
W cos! + Pu sin !

• Equate eqs. (3) and (6). Solve for m :

m = 36.5 kg Then µ = 0.256

 8-144 (page 449, 13th edition) 8-3 (page 401, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM SOLUTION 2

o
• Data: g = 9.81 m/s2 W = mg ! = 30 Pd = 100 N Pu = 350 N
µ = tan !
• Impending motion down the plane Equations of equilibrium:

! Fx = 0 : Pd + µ N cos! " N sin! = 0 (1*)

! Fy = 0 : µ N sin! + N cos! " W = 0 (2*)
Solve eqs. (1*) and (2*) for Pd :

# sin ! " µ cos ! & # tan ! " tan ) &

Pd = W % ( =W % 1 + tan ! tan ) ( = W tan (! " ) ) (3*)
$ cos ! + µ sin ! ' $ '

• Impending motion up the plane Equations of equilibrium:

! Fx = 0 : Pu ! µ N cos" ! N sin" = 0 (4*)

! Fy = 0 : ! µ N sin" + N cos" !W = 0 (5*)
Solve eqs. (3*) and (4*) for Pu :

# sin ! + µ cos ! & # tan ! + tan ) &

Pu = W % ( =W % 1 " tan ! tan ) ( = W tan (! + ) ) (6*)
$ cos ! " µ sin ! ' $ '

• From eqs. (3*) and (6*),

Pd tan (! " # )
= (7*)
Pu tan (! + # )
o
Solve eq. (7*) for ! : ! = 14.38 then µ = 0.256 and m = 36.5 kg
 8-144 (page 449, 13th edition) 8-3 (page 401, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM SOLUTION 2 cont’d

Another derivation of eqs. (3*) and (6*)

• Vector equation of equilibrium

! ! !
P + W + R fr = 0 (8*)
! ! !
where R fr = Ffr + N

• Impending motion down the plane

!
R fr makes angle ! " # with the vertical direction.
It follows from eq. (8*) that

Pd = W tan (! " # ) (3*)

• Impending motion up the plane

!
R fr makes angle ! + " with the vertical direction.
It follows from eq. (8*) that

Pu = W tan (! + " ) (6*)

 PROBLEM 8-150 (page 445, 12th edition)

The tractor pulls on the fixed tree stump. The tractor weighs 2500
lb and has centre of gravity at G. The front wheels are free to roll.
The coefficient of static friction between the rear wheels and the
ground is 0.6.

• Determine if the rear wheels slip or the front wheels lift off the
ground as the engine provides torque to the rear wheels.
• Determine the torque needed to cause this motion.
 8-150 (page 445, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR THE TRACTOR

• Equations of equilibrium for the tractor:

! Fx = 0 : P=F

! Fy = 0 : NA + NB = W

! (M z )B = 0 : 8N A + 2P = 3W

• The above 3 equations contain 4 unknowns: ( P F N A N B ) .

We need another equation to solve the problem.

• Assume that the back wheels are on the verge of sliding:

F = µNB

Then
N A = 662 lb N B = 1838 lb P = 1103 lb

Since N A > 0 , the front wheels do not lift off the ground.

• The front wheels lift off the ground when N A = 0 . This occurs when

µ = 1.5 . This large value of the coefficient of friction is accomplished

by placing a block in front of the rear wheels to prevent them from
spinning.
 8-150 (page 445, 12th edition)

COMPLETION OF PROBLEM

EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM FOR THE REAR WHEELS

• Equations of equilibrium for the rear wheels:

! Fx = 0 : Ox = F

! Fy = 0 : Oy + N B = Wwheel

! (M z )O = 0 : M = Fr

• When the back wheels are on the verge of sliding:

F = 1103 lb so M =1103(2) lb ft = 2.21 kip ft

• The front wheels lift off the ground when N A = 0 . In this case:

F =1.5W so M =1.5(2500)(2) lb ft = 7.50 kip ft

• Pushing down on accelerator of the tractor increases the torque M

supplied to the rear wheels. It follows from the equations of
equilibrium for the rear wheels that this increases the frictional force F .
It follows from the equations of equilibrium for the tractor that
increasing F increases the pull P on the stump and decreases the
normal force N A on the front wheels. Eventually, if the coefficient of

friction is large enough, N A = 0 and the front wheels lift off the ground.