HIST74100 - History of Advanced Structures Winter 2023

For the in-class quizzes, as described in the Instructional Plan and discussed in
class, you have access to any lecture material, readings, and your own notes for
reference/use.
We will begin the quiz together as a class to review the optional topics and the
requirements for your submission – including submission format and available time.

You will then download this quiz template from eConestoga (Word document from
“In-Class Quiz” on eConestoga course shell).
You will have a given amount of time to:
- develop your response
- save your completed quiz AS A PDF titled as follows: Quiz X_your last
name.pdf
- submit your completed quiz to the related assignment folder on eConestoga

Each in-class quiz contributes 10% to the final course grade.

Quiz 3: Modernism and the International Style

date: Wednesday, February 22, 2023

student name: Arshdeep Singh

a) Select one of the listed optional topics.

b) Write a response to your selected topic, using the lecture/other material

presented in class and reading material to support your response.
Your final response will be full sentences, and must be organized as follows:
- an introductory statement*
o where you identify and introduce the topic you will discuss and
your position/point of view
- a ‘body’*
o where you elaborate on the topic (primarily supported by lecture
and other material presented in class and reading material)
- a concluding statement*
o where you summarize your response to the topic
* The evaluation assigns grades for each of the above aspects, so be sure that
your response clearly identifies each of the above.

Notes:
- A page is provided if you want to begin by making preliminary notes/thoughts in
point-form to organize your response.
- You may use sketches/diagrams/images to illustrate your response.
- You may use additional material beyond the material presented in class/reading
material (such as insights you have gathered from other coursework or your own
experience), provided that this is in addition to content from the material presented
and discussed in class and the reading material.

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The list of optional topics for this quiz are as follows:

1. The conditions that founded the modern movement can be traced back
to the 19th century and the advent of the industrial revolution.

DISCUSS:
WHAT were the key characteristics of the Industrial Revolution?
AND
HOW did these characteristics initiate a shift in the approach to built
form?

OR

2. One of the early approaches to built form resulting from the Industrial
Revolution was the separation of the ‘architecture’ and ‘engineering’.

USING SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF BUILT WORKS, DISCUSS:

HOW WAS THE SEPARATION OF ‘DESIGN’ AND ‘ENGINEERING’

relevant in the early built works of the industrial revolution?

OR

3. “The architect has difficulty explaining his philosophy to a public now

accustomed to buying a ready-made suit of clothes or a ready-made car.

He is now part of a significant shift in attitude across social and

economic patterns affecting buildings and even cities.

In the face of this, what should the architect do?”

E. Pickering, 1952

This quote describes the challenge faced by architects of the modern

movement.

Certain architects recognized the changing mindset of the time,

anticipated its impact, and developed new approaches in their own
approach to built form.

USING EXAMPLES of ONE of the following architects of the Modern

Movement:
(EITHER Mies van der Rohe OR Frank Lloyd Wright OR LeCorbusier)

DISCUSS HOW THIS ARCHITECT attempted to address this ‘challenge’

in their own approach to built form.

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This page available for preliminary notes/thoughts (to organize your response).

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FINAL RESPONSE
Two pages are sufficient for your final response.

Please remember to clearly organize your response as follows:

introductory statement / body of discussion / concluding statement

Begin your final response here.

Le Corbusier was one of the most influential architects of the Modern Movement. He
recognized the changing mindset of the time and developed new approaches in his
own way to built form. In this essay, we will discuss how Le Corbusier attempted to
address the challenge faced by architects in the modern era.

Le Corbusier was a Modern Movement pioneer who strove to develop new

architecture that reflected the industrial age. He felt that architecture should be both
practical and attractive. He was a strong advocate for the use of new materials and
technology, and his work was characterized by clean lines, geometric shapes, and
open spaces.

Le Corbusier's approach to solving the difficulty confronting modern architects was

influenced by his view that architecture should represent the requirements of modern
society. He regarded the Industrial Revolution as a transforming force, and he felt
that architecture should be useful, efficient, and attractive in order to react to
changing social and economic trends influencing buildings and communities.

One of the key ways in which Le Corbusier attempted to address the challenge faced
by architects was through his concept of the "Five Points of Architecture." This was a
response to the changing social and economic patterns affecting buildings and cities.

The Five Points of Architecture were:

1. Pilotis - The use of columns to lift the building off the ground, allowing for open
space underneath.
2. Free plan - The use of non-loadbearing walls, allowing for flexible interior
spaces.
3. Free facade - The use of a non-structural facade, allowing for a more
expressive exterior.
4. Horizontal windows - The use of ribbon windows to create a continuous
horizontal band of light.
5. Roof terrace - The use of a roof terrace as a functional space.

Le Corbusier's use of new materials and technology, and his urban planning work
were all integral to his efforts to create a new kind of architecture. By lifting buildings
off the ground with pilotis, using non-loadbearing walls for flexible interior spaces,
and incorporating ribbon windows for a continuous band of light, Le Corbusier's
designs were a departure from the heavy ornamentation and lack of flexibility of
traditional architecture.

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Another way in which Le Corbusier attempted to address the challenge faced by
architects was through his use of new materials and technology. He believed that
architecture should reflect the industrial age and sought to incorporate new materials,
such as concrete and steel, into his designs. This allowed him to create buildings that
were more efficient, as well as more aesthetically pleasing. For example, his design
for the Villa Savoye, completed in 1931, made extensive use of reinforced concrete
and was characterized by its clean lines and geometric shapes. He also sought to
address the changing mindset of the time through his urban planning work. He
believed that the design of cities had a significant impact on the quality of life of their
inhabitants and sought to create new approaches to urban planning that were more
responsive to their needs.

Furthermore, Le Corbusier believed that architecture should be closely tied to the

surrounding environment, and his use of new materials such as reinforced concrete
allowed for buildings that were more efficient and aesthetically pleasing. His urban
planning work was similarly influenced by his belief that the design of cities had a
significant impact on quality of life. He proposed a new kind of city that would better
respond to the needs of its inhabitants.

Overall, Le Corbusier's approach to addressing the challenges of the modern era can
be seen as an attempt to create a new kind of architecture that reflected the needs of
modern society, and that was closely tied to its surrounding environment. Through
his work, Le Corbusier remains an influential figure in the history of modern
architecture.

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