Pharmaceutical Dosage

Forms
 Types of dosage forms:

Definition: Dosage forms are the means by which drug

molecules are delivered to sites of action within the
body.
The need for dosage forms:
1- Accurate dose.
2- Protection from gastric juice e.g. coated tablets,
sealed ampules
3- Masking taste and odour.
4- Placement of drugs within body tissues.
5- Sustained release medication.
6- Controlled release medication.
7- Optimal drug action.
8- Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal)
9- Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs.
Types of dosage forms (Cont.):

They are classified according to:

Route of administration Physical

form
Oral Solid
Topical Semisolid
Rectal liquid
Parenteral
Vaginal
Inhaled
Ophthalmic
Otic
Dosage Form/ Drug Delivery
System by route of administration
 Oral  Sublingual
◼ Tablets ◼ Tablets
◼ Capsules ◼ Troches and
◼ Solutions Lozenges
◼ Syrups  Parenteral
◼ Elixirs ◼ Solutions
◼ Suspensions ◼ Suspensions
◼ Magmas  Conjunctival
◼ Gels ◼ Contact lens inserts
◼ Powders ‘ ◼ Ointments
Dosage Form/ Drug Delivery
System by route of administration
 Epicutaneous /  Intraocular/ intraaural
transdermal ◼ Solutions
◼ Ointments ◼ Suspensions
◼ Creams  Intranasal
◼ Infusion pumps ◼ Solutions
◼ Pastes ◼ Sprays
◼ Plasters ◼ Inhalers
◼ Powders ◼ Ointments
◼ Aerosols  Intrarespiratory
◼ Lotions ◼ Aerosols
◼ Transdermal patches,
discs, solutions
Dosage Form/ Drug Delivery
System by route of administration
 Vaginal  Rectal
◼ Solutions ◼ Solutions
◼ Ointments ◼ Ointments
◼ Emulsion foams ◼ Suppositories
◼ Gels  Urethral
◼ Tablets ◼ Solutions
◼ Inserts, ◼ suppositories
suppositories,
sponges
Solid Dosage Forms

Powders and Granules

Capsules and Tablets
Powders and Granules
 Powders
◼ Blending Powders
◼ Medicated Powders
◼ Aerosolized Powders
 Granules
◼ Effervescent
Capsules
 Hard Gelatin Capsules
 Soft Gelatin Capsules
Hard Gelatin Capsules
Tablets
 Compressed tablets  Chewable Tablets
(C.T.)  Effervescent Tablets
 Multiple Compressed  Molded Tablets
tablets (M.C.T.)  Immediate release
 Sugar-Coated Tablets Tablets (I.R.)
(S.C.T.)  Instant Disintegrating
 Film Coated Tablets /Dissolving Tablets
(F.C.T)  Extended release
 Gelatin Coated Tablets Tablets (E.R.)
 Enteric Coated Tablets  Vaginal Tablets
(E.C.T.)
 Buccal or Sublingual
Tablets
Compressed Tablets contains:

 Medicinal agent
 Diluents or filler
 Binders or
adhesives
 Disintergrants
 Lubricants
 Miscellaneous
adjuncts
◼ Colorants and
flavorants
 Tablets

Compressed tablets Multiple Compressed tablets Sugar-Coated Tablets Film Coated Tablets

Gelatin Coated Tablets Enteric Coated Tablets

Modified-Release Dosage Forms
and Drug Delivery Systems
 Modified Release  Terminology of
 Extended Release extended release
◼ Sustained Release (SR)
 Delayed Release
◼ Sustained Action (SA)
 Repeat action
◼ Prolonged Action (PA)
 Targeted Release ◼ Controlled Release (CR)
◼ Extended Release (ER)
◼ Timed Release (TR)
◼ Long Acting (LA)
Modified Release
Extended Release
Delayed Release
Controlled Release (CR) &
Sustained Release (SR)
-Extended Release

%
Timed Release (TR)
Modified-Release Dosage Forms
Example of oral control release
capsule