NETWORKING

TUTORIAL 01
1. Define Network?
A network is a collection of interconnected computers, devices, or nodes that can
communicate and share resources with one another.
These connections can be wired or wireless and allow data to be exchanged
between the devices, enabling them to work together, share information, and
access shared resources like files, printers, or the internet.
2. What is a Link?
A link in networking refers to the physical or logical connection between two
devices in a network.
It can be a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet cable) or a wireless connection (e.g.,
Wi-Fi). Links are used to transmit data and communication signals between
devices within a network.
3. What is a node?
A node is a fundamental component of a network, representing an individual
device or computer connected to the network.
Nodes can be computers, servers, routers, switches, smartphones, or any other
device capable of sending or receiving data on the network.
4. . What is a gateway or Router?
A gateway or router is a network device that connects different networks and
enables data to flow between them.
Routers use routing tables and protocols to determine the most efficient path for
data to travel between networks. They also perform network address translation

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 (NAT) to allow multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP
address.
5. What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?
The following are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network:
Scalability to accommodate growth
Reliability and uptime
High performance and low latency
Security and data protection
Ease of management and administration
Cost-effectiveness
Quality of Service (QoS) for prioritizing traffic
Compatibility with various devices and protocols
Redundancy for fault tolerance
6. Name the factors that affect the performance of the network?
Factors that affect the performance of the network are
Bandwidth availability
Network congestion
Network architecture and design
Hardware capabilities
Quality of network components
Distance between nodes
Protocol efficiency
Traffic management and QoS settings
7. Name the factors that affect the reliability of the network?
Factors that affect the reliability of the network are:
Redundancy and failover mechanisms

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 Regular maintenance and updates
Quality of network components
Adequate power and cooling
Security measures
Monitoring and management tools
Network design
8. Name the factors that affect the security of the network?
Factors that affect the security of the network are:
Access control and authentication
Firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems
Encryption of data in transit and at rest
Regular security updates and patches
Security policies and employee training
Auditing and logging
Network segmentation
9. What are the key design issues of a computer Network?
Key design issues of a computer network:
Network topology
IP addressing and subnetting
Routing and switching
Network security
Quality of Service (QoS)
Scalability
Redundancy and fault tolerance
Network management and monitoring

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10.Define Bandwidth and Latency:
Bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network or
communication channel, typically measured in bits per second (bps).
It represents the capacity of the network to transmit data and is often
associated with the available data rate.
Latency is the delay or time it takes for data to travel from the source to the
destination in a network.
It is usually measured in milliseconds (ms) and includes factors like
propagation delay, transmission delay, and processing delay.
11.What are the different types of networking / internetworking devices? Explain the
function of each device.
Here are Different types of networking/internetworking devices and their
functions:
Router: Routes data between different networks and performs network
address translation.
Switch: Connects devices within the same network, forwarding data to the
appropriate device based on MAC addresses.
Hub: Connects devices in a network but broadcasts data to all devices,
lacking intelligence.
Firewall: Protects a network by controlling incoming and outgoing traffic
based on security rules.
Access Point (AP): Connects wireless devices to a wired network, allowing
Wi-Fi access.
Modem: Converts digital data from a network into analog signals for
transmission over telephone lines or vice versa.
Bridge: Connects two separate network segments and filters traffic between
them.
12.What are the different types of networks? Explain each type
Different types of networks:

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LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographical area, like a
home, office, or campus, and connects devices within that area.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans a larger geographical area, often
connecting LANs across cities or countries, typically using public or private
communication links.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or a metropolitan area,
connecting multiple LANs and providing high-speed data transfer.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): A type of LAN that uses wireless
technology, such as Wi-Fi, to connect devices.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): Securely connects remote users or
networks over a public network, like the internet.
Internet: The global network of networks that allows communication and
data exchange worldwide.
Intranet: A private network within an organization that uses internet
technologies for internal communications and information sharing.
Extranet: A network that allows limited access to external parties, such as
suppliers or partners, for collaborative purposes.
PAN (Personal Area Network): Covers a small area, typically connecting
personal devices like smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices.

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