UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO

FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

Mata Kuliah : Perdagangaan Internasional Hari/ Tgl. Ujian : Sabtu/18 November 2023
Dosen : Tegoeh Hari Abrianto Waktu : 90 Menit

Peraturan Ujian Tengah Semester (Middle Test):

a. UTS dimulai tepat pukul 08.00 – 09.30 WIB
b. Upayakan ujian dikerjakan secara mandiri & tidak saling bertukar jawaban.
c. Lembar jawaban difoto sebaik mungkin dengan menggunakan software photo scanner atau
lainnya yang setara dan dikirimkan via WA Grup selambat-lambatnya pukul 09.30 WIB.
d. Apabila pengumpulan jawaban UTS melebihi pukul 09.30 WIB, maka nilai akan dikurangi
sebesar 50%.

1. In the following, data is presented regarding the ability of 2 (two) countries to produce passenger
vehicles (cars) & commercial vehicles (trucks).
Maximum Output Country A Country B
Cars 300 unit 350 unit
Trucks 60 unit 210 unit

a) Based on Adam Smith's theory, which country has Absolute Advantage?

b) Based on David Ricardo's theory (comparative advantage), what should each country A & B
produce?

2. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of free trade. Explain and give an example!
• Advantages:
a) Optimal use of natural resources, b) Availability of all types of goods, c) Specialization,
d) Advantages of large-scale production, e) Stability in prices, f) Exchange of technical know-
how and establishment of new industries, g) Increase in efficiency, h) Development of
the means of transport and communication, i) International co-operation and understanding,
j) Ability to face natural calamities.
• Disadvantages:
a) Impediment in the Development of Home Industries, b) Economic Dependence, c) Political
Dependence, d) Mis-utilization of Natural Resources, e) Import of Harmful Goods, f) Storage of Goods,
g) Danger to International Peace, h) World Wars, i) Hardships in times of War.
 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

3. Describe the flow of issuing Letter of Credit bellow!

4. The Work of Nations - Robert Reich notes that “we are living through a transformation that will
rearrange the politics and economics of the coming century. There will be no national products or
technologies, no national corporations, no national industries.” Reich points out that many
corporations are becoming “global webs” in which products are international composites. He also argues
that a nation’s commitment to developing its people is the prime way to ensure global competitiveness.
Based on that theory, give your opinion about short article bellow!

Dell Belongs to Which Country? Is Dell A Chinese Company?

Dell Inc is an American multinational computer technology firm that develops, sells, repairs, and supports
computers as well as related goods and services. It is owned by Dell Technologies, its parent company.
But Is Dell A Chinese Company? Dell Belongs to Which Country? Dell is a Chinese company? Where are
dell computers made? this question is often asked.

Michael Dell founded the company in 1984, and it is now one of the world’s largest technological
corporations, employing over 165,000 people in the United States and around the world.

Dell Inc sells PCs, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals,
HDTVs, cameras, printers, and electronics manufactured by other companies.

The company is well renowned for its supply chain management and electronic commerce innovations,
particularly its direct-sales strategy and its “build-to-order” or “configure to order” manufacturing
technique, which delivers individual PCs customized to client specifications. Dell was primarily a hardware
 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

seller for much of its history, but with the acquisition of Perot Systems in 2009, Dell joined the IT services
sector.

Since then, the company has made other acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the goal of
expanding its portfolio from offering solely computers to providing entire solutions for enterprise
customers.

Until 2014, Dell was ranked 51st on the Fortune 500 list. It is now ranked 34th on the Fortune 500. As of
January 2021, it is the world’s third-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales, after only Lenovo and
HP Inc. Dell is the world’s leading shipper of PC monitors.

According to Fortune magazine, Dell Inc is the sixth-largest firm in Texas in terms of total sales. It is
Texas’ second-biggest non-oil firm (behind AT&T) and the largest in the Greater Austin area. The newly
confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune after it
went private in 2013.

Dell bought the enterprise technology provider EMC Corporation in 2015; following the acquisition, Dell
and EMC became divisions of Dell Technologies. Dell EMC is a division of Dell Technologies that specializes
in data storage, information security, virtualization, analytics, cloud computing, and other related products
and services.

Is Dell a Chinese company? Are Dell laptops are made in China?| Which is Dell Origin Country?

Dell Inc is a well-known American brand in computer technology. Michael Dell created the corporation in
1984, and its headquarters are in Texas, United States of America. The company is one of the world’s
greatest technical corporations, employing about 165,000 people in the United States and other nations
across the world. Dell produces a wide range of laptops from which to pick. The model range is
determined by the technology and characteristics of the laptop.

Dell obtains the majority of its components from China and other countries. Taiwan and Japan, in addition
to China, import or manufacture personal computers.

Where is Dell Computer made? Dell is a Chinese Company?

Dell’s Limerick manufacturing facility is one of seven in Ireland where the company manufactures laptops,
desktops, servers, and storage systems. Others are in Brazil, China, Malaysia, and the United States.

The Limerick facility, which spans 40,000 square feet and employs 3,000 people, opened in January 2000.

Dell takes pride in its ‘just in time’ manufacturing model, which means that the facility builds systems as
they are ordered and never keeps more than two days of inventory.

When a system is ordered (more than half are placed online), it takes about four hours for it to be built in
the Limerick factory.

How does it work? Let’s take a look at it.

 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

Parts are the starting point for everything. A truck bay full of computer parts has pulled up to one side of
the Limerick factory floor in the distance.

Dell orders parts from its suppliers every two hours, including processors, hard drives, CD/DVD drives,
keyboards, screws, and so on. Only after they leave the truck bay and enter the factory do the parts
become Dell property. This ensures that Dell only purchases what is required to build systems that have
already been ordered –

All of the parts needed to build a Dell laptop have been packed and are on their way down the conveyor to
the person who will assemble it.

The Limerick factory manufactures all systems for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as some for
other parts of the world. It is also one of only two factories in the world where Dell laptops are
manufactured, along with Malaysia.

Is Dell made in India?

In 2007, Dell Inc’s first made in India computer rolled off the conveyor at its newly established assembly
line in Sriperumbudur, near Chennai.

Infosys Technologies, one of Dell’s largest customers in India, received the first locally manufactured
desktop. Dell plans to invest $30 million over the next five years in the Sriperumbudur facility, which now
has a single assembly line capable of producing four lakh units per year on a single shift.

While the company can operate up to three shifts, it also has enough land to set up additional lines in
order to meet its production ramp-up schedule of 2.5 million units per year over the next few years. “We
started production today at this facility, which is the third in the Asia-Pacific region and Japan.

“The Sriperumbudur facility is also our third plant to come online this year, with two others in Brazil and
Poland,” said Mr. Rajan Anandan, vice president and general manager of Dell India, at a press conference
at the plant. “This facility is very strategic for our operations in India, and it will help to reduce delivery
lead times by 40% – 50%. It will also help to reduce costs, which we will pass on to customers as prices
will be reduced significantly,” he said.

While Dell formally chose Chennai in September 2006, citing the presence of a seaport and an
international airport, the company announced its intention to begin operations in July of this year.

Dell laptop made in which country?

Dell is a well-known brand that manufactures laptop computers in numerous countries around the world.

Not only Dell, but many corporations throughout the world take / import components from other nations
or assemble/manufacture in other countries in order to reach low costs, skilled employees, and a global
market.

This is known as the hybrid-model, and it is used by many businesses.

 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

Dell laptops built in China are the most common in Asian countries.

Dell manufactures laptops not just in China, but also in a number of other nations, i.e. Dell makes laptops
only after evaluating the laptop market and demand.

As I previously stated, American buyers are typically hesitant to purchase Dell laptops due to the usage of
Chinese parts and quality issues.

With this in mind, Dell manufactures several highly specialized and professional laptops in the United
States rather than China for American or quality-conscious buyers.

According to certain press reports, Dell plans to shift about 30 percent of total notebook production in
China.

Hence, Not all Dell laptops are manufactured in Chinese factories or manufactured in China.

To some extent, Dell is migrating away from Chinese factories:

According to the Nikkei, HP Inc. and Dell Technologies Inc. plan to shift up to 30% of their notebook
production away from China, as global technology behemoths try to avoid escalating tariffs on US-bound
goods.

According to the Nikkei Asian Review, Microsoft Corp., Amazon.com Inc., Sony Corp., and Nintendo Co.
are all looking to shift some of their game console and smart speaker manufacturing out of the country.
Other companies, including Lenovo Group Ltd., Acer Inc., and Asustek Computer Inc., are weighing their
options, according to the media outlet.

Foreign and domestic corporations are seeking to shift production away from China in response to US
President Donald Trump’s efforts to use punitive tariffs to negotiate friendlier trade terms. While many are
preparing contingency plans, shifting select assembly operations, or looking into alternative manufacturing
locations, few have moved significant amounts of output, and China’s position as the world’s production
base for electronics is unlikely to change anytime soon. Alphabet Inc.’s Google has already moved much of
its production of motherboards bound for the United States to Taiwan, avoiding a 25% tariff.

The trade war threatens to disrupt a complex global supply chain that includes many countries other than
China and the United States. Many components used in devices are not manufactured in the United States,
despite being designed there. A phone chip designed by Apple may leave a Taiwanese factory, then be
packaged (a process that prepares it for integration into a circuit) elsewhere before being shipped to China
for assembly into an iPhone.

Who is the CEO of Dell?

Michael Dell is the chairman and CEO of Dell Technologies, which was founded in 2016 as a result of Dell’s
merger with computer storage behemoth EMC. The $60 billion Dell-EMC transaction, completed in 2016,
was the largest technology acquisition ever.
 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PONOROGO
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
Jl. Budi Utomo No. 10 Ponorogo 63471 Jawa Timur Indonesia
Telp (0352) 481124, Fax. (0352) 461796, e-mail : akademik@umpo.ac.id
Website : www.umpo.ac.id

Dell Technologies returned to public markets in late 2018 after a difficult financial restructuring.

Dell’s fortune is largely concentrated in his private investment firm, MSD Capital, which has investments in
hotels and restaurants.

Dell gave $1 billion to his foundation, which focuses on child poverty and makes both impact investments
and charity donations, in May 2017.