B2 Wordlist Castilian

B2 Student’s Book Wordlist
UNIT 1
WORD PRONUNCIATION PART OF EXAMPLE SENTENCE CASTILIAN1
SPEECH
abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adjective We try to go abroad at least once a year. extranjero
academic support /ˌakəˈdemɪk spɔː(r)t/ noun The academic support that parents provide is strongly ayuda académica
related with how much young people achieve.
(make an) (/ˈmeɪk ən) ə phrase I’d like to make an appointment with the head (reservar) una cita
appointment ˈpɔɪntmənt/ teacher.
assessment /əˈsesmənt/ noun Your assessment for this course will include your evaluación
homework, your grades and your behaviour.
(do an) assignment (/ˌduː ən) ə phrase I haven’t done the assignment yet. I hope Mr Clarke (hacer) una tarea
ˈsaɪnmənt/ won’t be annoyed.
attend /əˈtend/ verb Everyone in the class was expected to attend. asistir
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective Physical exercise can be beneficial to your mental beneficioso
health.
(do your) best (/ˌduː jɔː(r)) best/ phrase Do your best and remember that nobody is perfect. (esforzarse) al máximo
(have a) bite to eat (/həv ə) baɪt tuː iːt/ phrase Let’s stop to have a bite to eat and a cool drink. (picar) algo
break /breɪk/ noun They usually played games in their lunch break. descanso
(do) business (/ˌduː) ˈbɪznəs/ phrase Buyers and sellers come here from far away to do (hacer) negocios
business.
(make a) cake (/ˌmeɪk ə) ˈkeɪk/ phrase He was making a cake for Peter’s birthday. (hacer) una tarta
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campus /ˈkæmpəs/ noun We have rooms for 2,000 students on campus. campus
(make a) choice (/ˈmeɪk ə) tʃɔɪs/ phrase Students have to make a choice between studying escoger
French or German.
(do) chores (/ˌduː) ˈtʃɔː(r)z/ phrase You can go and play after you’ve done your chores. (hacer) las tareas
club /klʌb/ noun Have you thought about becoming a member of our club
chess club?
continuous /kənˌtɪnjʊəs ə noun Continuous assessment throughout the year evaluación continua
assignment ˈsesmənt/ guarantees academic progress.
(do a) course (/ˌduː ə) ˈkɔː(r)s/ phrase She is doing a time management course next week. (hacer) un curso
coursework /ˈkɔː(r)sˌwɜː(r)k/ noun Coursework counts for half the final mark. deberes
current affairs /ˌkʌr.ənt əˈfeəz/ noun Studies in radio and TV include drama, news, current temas de actualidad
affairs and publicity.
deal with /ˈdiːl wɪd/ phrasal verb I find my neighbours very difficult to deal with. trato
(make a) decision (/ˌmeɪk ə) dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ phrase The committee will study the proposal and make its (tomar) una decisión
decision later this week.
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ noun She’s got a degree in social work but she is working grado
part-time delivering pizzas.
degree /ˌduː dɪˈɡriː/ noun She’s doing a degree in Engineering at Exeter grado
University
(make the) dinner (/ˌmeɪk ðə) ˈdɪnə(r)/ phrase I’ll make the dinner if you do the washing up. (hacer) la comida
(make an) effort (/ˈmeɪk ən) ˈef.ət/ phrase If we could all make an effort to keep the house tidier (hacer) un esfuerzo
it would help.
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ noun Happy people experience more positive than negative emoción
emotions.
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(do an) essay (/ˌduː ən) ˈes.eɪ/ phrase I've got to do an essay on Kant and it's doing my head (escribir) una redacción
in.
(do an) exam (/ˌduː ən) ɪɡˈzam/ phrase Dave’s doing his Robotics exams next week. (hacer) un examen
(make an) excuse (/ˈmeɪk ən) ɪkˈskjuːz/ phrase Please don’t make an excuse for missing the exam. (inventarse) una
excusa
extracurricular /ˌekstrəkəˌrɪkjʊlər ak phrase The school offers a wide range of extracurricular actividades
activities ˈtɪvətiz/ activities. extracurriculares
facility /fəˈsɪləti/ noun Does the school have facilities for students and staff instalación
in wheelchairs?
(do a) favour (/ˌduː ə) ˈfeɪvə(r)/ phrase Could you do me a favour? I need a hand. (hacer) un favor
(make) friends (/ˌmeɪk) ˈfrendz/ phrase They made friends with the children next door. (hacer) amigos
grade /ɡreɪd/ noun Students with final grades under 5 may have to do nota
work over the summer.
(do your) hair (/ˌduː jɔː(r)) heə(r)/ phrase Where did you do your hair? I love the colour and (ir) a la peluquería
how they cut it.
higher education /ˈhaɪə(r) ˌedjʊ noun A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher educación superior
ˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ education than is the case in Britain.
(do) homework (/ˌduː) ˈhəʊm phrase Have the kids done their homework? (hacer) los deberes
ˌwɜː(r)k/
induction week /ɪnˈdʌkʃ(ə)n wiːk/ noun UK universities organise an induction week to give semana de
information to new students. presentación
interview /ˈɪn.tə.vjuː/ noun I had an interview for a job with a publisher. entrevista
jailbreak /ˈdʒeɪlˌbreɪk/ noun The police are looking for the prisoners from fuga
yesterday’s jailbreak.
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lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ noun The course will be taught through a series of lectures, clases
lecture hall /ˈlektʃə(r) hɔːl/ noun We took part in a debate in a lecture hall that seats auditorio
300 people.
lecturer /ˈlektʃərə(r)/ noun A well-known explorer came to school as a guest Profesor
lecturer.
mark /mɑː(r)k/ noun What were his marks for the last test? nota
missing out on /ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt ɒn/ phrase We are missing out on a tremendous opportunity. perderse
(make a) mistake (/ˈmeɪk ə) mɪˈsteɪk/ phrase If you make a mistake, click Ctrl+Z to undo it. (cometer) un error
(make) money (/ˌmeɪk) ˈmʌn.i/ noun This movie should make money. (generar) ingresos
(make a) noise (/ˌmeɪk ə) ˈnɔɪz/ phrase Please will you stop making so much noise! (hacer) ruido
notes /nəʊts/ noun It’ll help you later if you take notes of the lecture. anotaciones
novel /ˈnɒv(ə)l/ noun Have you read the new novel by J.K. Rowling? novela
(make an) offer (/ˌmeɪk æn) ˈɒf.ər/ phrase Please make an offer indicating the shipping of books. (hacer) una oferta
personal tutor /ˈpɜː(r)s(ə)nəl noun The personal tutor offers academic advice on the tutor personal
ˈtjuːtə(r)/ student’s choice of programmes.
(make a) phone call (/ˈmeɪk ə) ˈfəʊn ˌkɔːl/ phrase Will you excuse me? I need to make a phone call. (hacer) una llamada
telefónica
plan /plæn/ noun The plan is to hire a car when we get there. plan
postgraduate /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈɡradʒʊət/ noun Several postgraduates are now teaching at the posgraduados
university.
(make) progress (/ˈmeɪk) ˈprəʊ.ɡres/ phrase Both the students promised to make progress in their (hacer) progresos
studies.
(make a) promise /ˈmeɪk ə ˈprɒm.ɪs/ phrase I made a promise to be home before dark. (hacer) una promesa
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reckon /ˈrek.ən/ verb How old do you reckon she is? I would say around 28 creer
or 29.
reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ verb I try to reply to emails the day I receive them responder
resource /rɪˈzɔː(r)s/ noun Our library has lots of resources: computers, free wi- recursos
fi, a music library and headphones.
role-play /ˈrəʊl ˌpleɪ/ noun Children play with dolls and other forms of role-play. juego de rol
scholarship /ˈskɒlə(r)ʃɪp/ noun Sophie was awarded a scholarship to attend Boston beca
University.
sensible /ˈsensəb(ə)l/ adjective Sensible people always think before they act. sensata
(do the) shopping (/ˌduː də) ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ phrase I don’t suppose you’ve had a chance to do the (hacer) la compra
shopping yet?
society /səˈsaɪəti/ noun Have you decided which students’ society you want sociedad
to join at school?
source /sɔː(r)s/ noun A person’s nationality can be a source of pride for fuente
them.
speeches /spiːtʃ/ noun She’s responsible for writing the president‘s political discurso
speeches.
(do) sport (/ˌduː) spɔː(r)t/ phrase I love eating; that’s why I have to do sport. (practicar) deporte
staff /stɑːf/ noun There is a good relationship between staff and pupils personal
at the school.
student /ˈstjuːd(ə)nt əˌkɒmə noun I’m looking for student accommodation with a alojamiento para
accommodation ˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ kitchen and bathroom near the school. estudiantes
student finance /ˈstjuːd(ə)nt noun The Student Union gives academic support and advice financiación para
ˈfaɪnæns/ about student finance. estudiante
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student loan /ˈstjuːd(ə)nt ləʊn/ noun The student loan scheme helps poor families pay for préstamo para
school fees. estudiante
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ noun What subjects do you like to study? asignatura
(make a) suggestion (/ˈmeɪk ə) sə phrase I made a suggestion that we should all share the cost. (hacer) una sugerencia
ˈdʒes.tʃən/
take it in turns /teɪk ɪt ɪn tɜːnz/ verb Partners decide who starts and then take it in turns to hacer turnos
ask and answer questions.
takes my mind off /teɪk maɪ maɪnd ɒf/ phrase For me, a good series is the best way to take my mind evadirse
off my problems.
term /tɜː(r)m/ noun What classes are you taking this term? semestre
timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪb(ə)l/ noun The exam timetable is posted on the school’s website. horario
tutorial /tjuːˈtɔːriəl/ noun We had a very interesting tutorial on climate change. tutorial
undergraduate /ˌʌndə(r)ˈɡrædʒʊət/ noun Between undergraduates and postgraduates, the estudiante de grado
university has over 3000 foreign students.
(do the) wash (/ˌduː də) ˈwɒʃɪŋ phrase My granny always did the washing on Mondays so we (hacer) la colada
had clean clothes for the week.
(do) well (/ˌduː) ˈwel/ phrase He did well in the exams and thinks he will get an A. (ir) bien
UNIT 2
WORD PRONUNCIATION PART OF EXAMPLE SENTENCE CASTILIAN
SPEECH
ambitious /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/ adjective She has some ambitious plans for her business. ambicioso
apply for a job /əˌplaɪ fə(r) ə ˈdʒɒb/ verb I have applied for several jobs without success. solicitar un puesto de
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trabajo
be fired /biː ˈfaɪə(r)d/ verb She was fired for refusing to comply with safety ser despedida
regulations.
be made redundant /biː ˌmeɪd rɪˈdʌndənt/ verb 5,000 miners were made redundant when the tin ser despedido
market collapsed.
be offered a job /biː ˌɒfə(r)d ə ˈdʒɒb/ verb I haven’t been offered the job yet. recibir una oferta de
trabajo
be sacked /biː ˈsakt/ verb Hundreds of workers will be sacked at the factory. ser despedido
be well-paid / be /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/ verb Having a well-paid job meant that he could afford two estar bien/mal
badly paid /ˈbæd.li ˈpeɪd/ holidays a year. remunerado
become /bɪˌkʌm ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ verb Shane became unemployed because he was made estar en el paro
unemployed redundant.
believable /bɪˈliːvəb(ə)l/ adjective Their story is hardly believable. creíble
bus fare /ˈbʌs ˌfeə(r)/ noun Have you given the kids money for their bus fares? billete de autobús
career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ noun Choosing a career to work in can be a very difficult carrera
decision.
colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ noun Friends and colleagues will remember him with compañero de trabajo
affection.
communication /kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ noun Television is an increasingly important means of comunicación
communication.
dangerous /ˌdeɪndʒərəs kən adverb Police officers often work in dangerous conditions. condiciones peligrosas
conditions ˈdɪʃ(ə)nz/
dealing with the /ˈdiːlɪŋ wɪd ðiːˈpʌblɪk/ phrase She is very skilled at dealing with the public. tratar con el público
public
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dexterity /dekˈster.ə.ti/ noun He caught the ball with great dexterity. destreza
difficult /ˈdɪfɪk(ə)lt/ noun There were a lot of difficulties, but he managed to dificultad
deal with them.
do shift work /ˌduː ˈʃɪft ˌwɜː(r)k/ verb Doing shift work is upsetting his sleep pattern. trabajar en turnos
dull /dʌl/ adjective He wrote dull but respectable articles for the local soso
newspaper.
earn a salary /ɜː(r)n/ verb He doesn’t earn a big salary, but he enjoys the work. cobrar un sueldo
employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ noun Their employees worked a ten-hour day, which was empleado
much too long.
employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ noun Daniel’s employers offered to pay for the course. empleador
experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ noun You don’t need any experience to work here. experiencia
fill in /ˌfɪl ˈɪn/ phrasal verb I spent over two hours filling in the application form. rellenar
firefighter /ˈfaɪə(r)ˌfaɪtə(r)/ noun Firefighters fought the factory blaze for several hours. bombera
for instance /fər ˈɪnstəns/ phrase They intend to provide information, via the Internet por ejemplo
for instance.
gear /ɡɪər/ noun Don’t forget to wear walking gear. equipación
get ahead /ˌɡet əˈhed/ phrasal verb If you want to get ahead in politics, you have to look prosperar
confident.
go job hunting /ɡəʊ dʒɒb ˈhʌntɪŋ/ verb We went job hunting but couldn’t find anything which buscar trabajo
paid a decent salary.
high-pressure /haɪ ˈpreʃə(r)/ adjective It is a high-pressure job and you could easily burn out. exigente
however /haʊˈevə(r)/ conjunction The coach was confident of success. His players were sin embargo
not so sure, however.
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in charge of /ɪn tʃɑː(r)dʒ əv/ adjective The teacher is in charge of the class. a cargo de
in dangerous /ˌdeɪndʒərəs kən adverb Police officers often work in dangerous conditions. en condiciones
conditions ˈdɪʃ(ə)nz/ peligrosas
indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/ adjective Are there any species of indigenous frogs in the area? autóctona
indoors /ɪnˈdɔː(r)z/ adverb I stayed indoors all day and never got out of the interior
house.
inquiring /ɪnˈkwaɪə.rɪŋ/ adjective He gave her an inquiring look. inquisitivo
insights /ˈɪnsaɪts/ noun The research should provide valuable insights into the información
nature of this complex organization.
internship /ˈɪntɜː(r)nˌʃɪp/ noun Two weeks ago she had finished her internship at St prácticas
Paul's Hospital in Vancouver.
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ verb Please don’t interrupt her while she’s working. interrumpir
intrepid /ɪnˈtrep.ɪd/ adjective Intrepid pioneers came to California by wagon train. intrépido
keep at /ˌkiːp ˈat/ phrasal verb The secret of studying to pass your exams is to keep persistir
at it.
keep up with /ˌkiːp ˈʌp wɪd/ phrasal verb We try to keep up with what’s happening mantenerse
actualizado
leadership /ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/ noun The team was extremely successful under Murphy’s liderazgo
leadership.
left out /left aʊt/ adverb His name is left out of the membership list. excluido
look for a job /ˌlʊk fə(r) ə ˈdʒɒb/ phrasal verb I am looking for a job in a restaurant. buscar un puesto de
trabajo
manual /ˈmanjʊəl/ adjective The job requires manual skill. manual
missing out on /ˈmɪs.ɪŋ aʊt ɒn/ phrasal verb We're missing out on a tremendous opportunity. perderse
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on flexitime /biː ɒn ˈfleksitaɪm/ phrase I like being on flexitime because I can start work horario flexible
whenever I want.
on the minimum /ɒn ðə mɪn.ɪ.məm phrase Most of the junior office staff are on the minimum salario mínimo
wage weɪdʒ/ wage.
opened her eyes /ˈəʊpən hə(r) aɪ/ phrase It was this incident that opened my eyes to her true abrir los ojos
character.
out of work /ˌaʊt əv wɜː(r)k/ adjective People throughout the country are out of work. en el paro
outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔː(r)z/ adverb Their cat lives mainly outdoors and only goes in to eat aire libre
and sleep.
patient /ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective My uncle was very patient with me. paciente
peaks /piːk/ noun Everest is still the highest mountain peak. cima
permanent /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/ adjective She is looking for a permanent place to stay. permanente
pool /puːl/ verb It seemed sensible for us to pool our resources. compartir
problem-solving /ˈprɒb.ləm sɒlv/ adjective The programme offers training in basic problem- resolución de
solving strategies and is suitable for all levels. problemas
promotion /prəˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ noun I will try to get promotion, so by this time next year I ascenso
may be able to afford a house.
put somebody off /pʊt ˈsʌmbədi ɒf/ phrase Ronald keeps asking me for a loan, and I keep putting decepcionar
him off.
put something off /pʊt ˈsʌm.θɪŋ ɒf/ phrase The meeting has been put off for a week. posponer
qualifications /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)ns/ noun Simon left school with no qualifications. diploma
resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ verb He was forced to resign as the club’s Secretary. dimitir
responsible for /rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l fɔː(r)/ adjective He was responsible for the accident. responsable
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retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ verb He retired from his job last month. jubilarse
salary /ˈsaləri/ noun You earn an annual salary of £25,000 in this job. sueldo
secure /sɪˈkjʊər/ adjective That ladder doesn't look very secure to me. segura
self-employed /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/ adjective Have you ever considered going self-employed? autónomo
set up /ˌset ˈʌp/ phrasal verb The group plans to set up an import business. crear
share /ʃeə(r)/ verb I share this flat with five other people. compartir
sign a contract /ˌsaɪn ə ˈkɒntrakt/ verb He has signed a six-year contract with Liverpool. firmar un contrato
skilled /skɪld/ adjective She is skilled in designing web sites. cualificado
summit /ˈsʌm.ɪt/ noun Climbing to the summit of all of them is regarded as a cima
mountaineering.
take over /ˌteɪk ˈəʊvə(r)/ phrasal verb They needed more money to take over the smaller adquirir
company.
teamwork /ˈtiːm.wɜːk/ noun The teamwork often sparked excellent online trabajo en equipo
discussions.
temporary /ˈtem.pər.ər.i/ adjective The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution temporal
to the crisis.
training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ noun The school offers manual training to the pupils. formación
transferable /trænsˈfɜːrəb(ə)l/ adjective Tickets are not transferable. transferible
turn down /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈdaʊn/ phrasal verb How could you turn down such a fantastic offer? rechazar
well-organised /wel ˈɔː(r)ɡənaɪsd/ adjective Good planning and study habits separate the well- organizado
organised students from the rest.
work from nine to /wɜːk frɒm ˌnaɪn tə verb As a secretary, he works from nine to five in an office. trabajar de nueve a
five ˈfaɪv/ cinco
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work full-time /wɜːk ˈfʊl ˌtaɪm/ adjective They work as full-time teachers. trabajar a jornada
completa
work long hours /wɜːk ˌlɒŋ ˈaʊə(r)z/ verb She work long hours at the library. trabajar muchas horas
work nights /wɜːk naɪts/ verb My brother works nights, so he’s usually asleep trabajar de noche
during the day.
work on /ˈwɜː(r)k ɒn/ phrasal verb He’ll have to work on getting fit before the game. trabajar para
work overtime /wɜːk ˈəʊvə(r)ˌtaɪm/ verb They’ve been working a lot of overtime lately. hacer horas extras
work part-time /wɜːk ˈpɑː(r)t ˌtaɪm/ verb My dad works part-time, so he can spend some time trabajar a media
doing housework. jornada
UNIT 3
SPEECH
arrival /əˈraɪ.vəl/ noun Hundreds gathered to await their team's arrival at the llegada
airport.
as far as I'm /əz ˌfɑː(r) əz ˌaɪm kən phrase As far as I’m concerned, it’s not nearly as good as En cuanto a mí
concerned ˈsɜː(r)nd/ they say it is. respecta
board /bɔːd/ verb The pupils lined up to board the school bus. subir
brake /breɪk/ verb When it’s icy, you have to brake gently. frenar
cancellation /ˌkæn.səlˈeɪ.ʃən/ noun Many trains are subject to cancellation because of the cancelación
flooding.
carbon emission /ˌkɑː(r)bən ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ noun The measure of carbon emission is entirely irrelevant emisiones de carbono
and unscientific.
catch /kætʃ/ verb I managed to catch the bus before it left the bus stop. coger
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commute /kəˈmjuːt/ verb/noun It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London desplazarse
every day.
contactless /ˈkɒn.tækt.ləs/ adjective Our debit cards are now contactless and will work at sin contacto
contactless readers throughout the UK.
cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ər.eɪt/ verb A two-year old is likely to refuse to cooperate when cooperar
you tell her to get dressed.
crew /kruː/ noun A captain controls his ship and its crew. tripulación
cruise /kruːz/ noun They've just set off on a round-the-world cruise. crucero
cruise /ˈkruː.zɪŋ/ verb The Concord supersonic jet had a cruising speed of crucero
more than twice the speed of sound.
delay /dɪˈleɪ/ verb If you delay now, the opportunity might be lost. retrasar
departure lounge /dɪˈpɑː.tʃə ˌlaʊndʒ/ noun We went through passport control and into the zona de preembarque
departure lounge.
destination /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ noun We arrived at our destination tired and hungry. destino
disadvantage /ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ noun One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of desventaja
safe places for children to play.
disagree /ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː/ verb I'm afraid I have to disagree with you. discrepar
discomfort /dɪˈskʌm.fət/ noun You may feel a little discomfort for a few days after molestia
the operation.
disobey /ˌdɪs.əˈbeɪ/ verb Half of the hockey players tend to disobey rules and desobedecer
behave poorly.
driver /ˈdraɪ.vər/ noun The driver of the van went slowly in the school zone. conductor
excursion /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/ noun This year's annual excursion will be to Lincoln. excursión
fare /feər/ noun Train fares are going up again. tarifa
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fine /faɪn/ noun Offenders may be liable to a heavy fine. multa
flight /flaɪt/ noun I'll never forget my first flight. vuelo
furthermore /ˈfɜː(r)də(r)ˌmɔː(r)/ adverb The teacher has earned the respect of his students. además
Furthermore, they know they can trust him.
gate /ɡeɪt/ noun Where is the boarding gate? puerta
get in /ˌɡet ˈɪn/ phrasal verb Michael, get in the car – we’re late for school! subir
get off /ˌɡet ˈɒf/ phrasal verb They were finally told they could get off the plane. bajar
get on /ˌɡet ˈɒn/ phrasal verb The bus stopped and they got on. subir
get out /ɡet aʊt/ phrasal verb My dad parked the car at the school and I got out. salir
give somebody a /ˌɡɪv sʌmbədi ə lɪft/ phrase Can you give me a lift in your car? llevar
life
handles /ˈhæn.dəl/ verb He handles people with tact. manejar
I agree up to a /aɪ əˈɡriː ʌp tu eɪ phrase Let’s just say that we agree up to a point, but not estar de acuerdo hasta
point pɔɪnt/ completely. cierto punto
illegal /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/ adjective It is illegal to drive a car that is not registered and ilegal
insured.
illogical /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ adjective It is an illogical statement, because if one part is true, ilógica
then the other must be false.
immature /ˌɪm.əˈtʃʊər/ adjective While the animals are still immature, they do not inmaduro
breed.
impatient /ɪmˈpeɪ.ʃənt/ adjective He's a good teacher, but inclined to be a bit impatient impaciente
with slow learners.
impossible /ɪmˈpɒs.ə.bəl/ adjective It was impossible to sleep because of the noise. imposible
14
impractical /ɪmˈpræk.tɪ.kəl/ adjective I love high heels but they're rather impractical. poco práctico
improbable /ɪmˈprɒb.ə.bəl/ adjective It's highly improbable that Norris will agree. improbable
incapable /ɪnˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/ adjective He seems incapable of walking past a music shop incapaz
without going in and looking around.
incomplete /ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt/ adjective The decision was based on incomplete or inaccurate incompleta
information.
incorrect /ˌɪn.kərˈekt/ adjective You can correct your personal data if it is out of date incorrecto
or incorrect.
inexperienced /ˌɪn.ɪkˈspɪə.ri.ənst/ adjective They are young inexperienced parents and need inexperto
support.
insecure /ˌɪn.sɪˈkjʊər/ adjective I wonder what it was about his upbringing that made inseguro
him so insecure.
interactive /ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv/ adjective This is an interactive museum where children can interactivo
actively manipulate the exhibits.
irregular /ɪˈreɡ.jə.lər/ adjective ‘Good’ and ‘bad’ are irregular comparative adjectives. irregular
irrelevant /ɪˈrel.ə.vənt/ adjective These documents are largely irrelevant to the present irrelevante
investigation.
irresponsible /ˌɪr.ɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ adjective It would be irresponsible to ignore these warnings. irresponsable
journey /ˈdʒɜː.ni/ noun He views his life as a journey towards a greater proceso
understanding of human goodness.
land /lænd/ verb The pilot managed to land the damaged plane safely. aterrizar
last /lɑːst/ verb The game lasts 80 minutes. durar
lastly /ˈlɑːst.li/ adverb Lastly, we mention some related work and then por último
conclude.
15
launch /lɔːntʃ/ verb/noun I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday. lanzar
lost property /ˌlɒst ˈprɒp.ə.ti/ noun I phoned the lost property office to see if someone objetos perdidos
had found my bag.
miscalculate /mɪsˈkæl.kjə.leɪt/ verb He had miscalculated how long the trip would take. calcular mal
misleading /ˌmɪsˈliː.dɪŋ/ adjective Adverts must not create a misleading impression. engañosa
miss /mɪs/ verb You should leave early if you want to miss the rush evitar
hour.
motorway /ˈməʊ.tə.weɪ/ noun There’s a lot of traffic on the southbound stretch of autopista
the motorway.
network /ˈnet.wɜːk/ noun The government has announced an ambitious red
programme to modernize the railway network.
norm /nɔːm/ noun One child per family is fast becoming the norm in norma
some countries.
off-peak /ˌɒfˈpiːk/ adjective Off-peak fares are cheaper prices for travelling on fuera de las horas
trains that are less busy. punta
on the other hand /ɒn ði ˈʌðə(r) hænd/ phrase My dad likes classical music – my mum, on the other por otro lado
hand, like all kinds.
overpopulated /ˌəʊ.vəˈpɒp.jə.leɪ.tɪd/ adjective In the 1890s, people were deserting the countryside superpoblada
for overpopulated cities.
overtake /ˌəʊ.vəˈteɪk/ verb The motorcyclist accelerated to overtake the bus. alcanzar
passenger /ˈpæs.ən.dʒər/ noun Each passenger slept on the berth allotted to him. pasajero
platform /ˈplæt.fɔːm/ noun The Edinburgh train will depart from platform six. andén
port /pɔːt/ noun We had a good view of all the ships coming into and puerto
leaving the port.
16
postgraduate /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒ.u.ət/ adjective/noun The University has a well-established tradition of posgraduados
welcoming postgraduate students from overseas.
rail /reɪl/ noun Environmentalists argue that more goods should be tren
transported by rail.
reinvent /ˌriː.ɪnˈvent/ verb He's one of those sportspersons who reinvent reinventar
themselves as TV presenters.
road sign (n) /rəʊd saɪn/ noun The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp señal de tráfico
bend to the left or right.
route /ruːt/ noun The route we had planned took us right across ruta
Greece.
seat belt /ˈsiːt ˌbelt/ noun Make sure your seat belt is securely fastened. cinturón de seguridad
semicircular /sem.iˈsɜː.kjə.lər/ adjective The chairs were placed in a semicircular arrangement. semicircular
source /sɔː(r)s/ noun The natural source for Omega-3 is salmon oil. fuente
steering wheel /ˈstɪə.rɪŋ ˌwiːl/ noun Turn the steering wheel hard to the right. volante
subway /ˈsʌb.weɪ/ noun We looked on our map to find the nearest subway metro
station.
sum up /ˌsʌm ˈʌp/ phrasal verb I’ll sum up the different proposals and then we’ll take resumir
questions.
supersonic /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/ adjective Supersonic flight could become a routine form of supersónico
travel in the 21st century.
take off /teɪk ˈɒf/ phrasal verb The plane will take off in twenty minutes. despegar
take their eyes off /teɪk ðeə(r) aɪ ˈɒf/ phrase All the students take their eyes off their computer apartar la vista
when the instructor give notes.
take to the sky /teɪk tuː ðə skaɪ/ phrase In the 1800’s photographers took to the sky in tomar
17
balloons to take the first aerial photos.
ticket inspector /ˈtɪkɪt ɪnˈspektə(r)/ noun The ticket inspector came down the tram, checking revisor
that we all had tickets.
to begin with /tuː bɪˈɡɪn wɪð/ phrase There were six of us to begin with, then two people para empezar
left.
traffic jam /ˈtræf.ɪk ˌdʒæm/ noun I was stuck in a traffic jam for an hour yesterday. atasco
travel /ˈtræv.əl/ verb/noun She is writing a blog about her travels around the viajar
world.
travel update /ˈtræv(ə)l ʌpˈdeɪt/ noun Their website offers maps, departure times and other actualización sobre
travel updates. viaje
trip /trɪp/ noun We're going on a trip to Norway this summer. viaje
tyre /taɪər/ noun I've no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car. neumático
unbelievable /ˌʌn.bɪˈliː.və.bəl/ adjective Management have demonstrated almost increíble
unbelievable incompetence in their handling of the
dispute.
underestimate /ˌʌn.dəˈres.tɪ.meɪt/ verb The influence of the media should never be infravalorar
underestimated.
unemployed /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪd/ adjective The government publishes figures every six months en el paro
showing how many people are unemployed.
unexpected /ˌʌn.ɪkˈspek.tɪd/ adjective The president made an unexpected announcement inesperado
this morning.
uninspiring /ˌʌn.ɪnˈspaɪə.rɪŋ/ adjective The menu looked fairly uninspiring. poco apetecible
unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪ.kli/ adjective The lack of evidence means that the case is unlikely to poco probable
go to court.
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unnecessary /ʌnˈnes.ə.ser.i/ adjective I thought a lot of the violence in the series was totally innecesaria
unnecessary.
unpredictable /ˌʌn.prɪˈdɪk.tə.bəl/ adjective She's very unpredictable so there's no knowing how impredecible
she'll react to the news.
unreliable /ˌʌn.rɪˈlaɪə.bəl/ adjective The bus service is unreliable. poco fiable
unsuccessful /ˌʌn.səkˈses.fəl/ adjective They made several unsuccessful attempts to reach fallido
the miners trapped underground.
unusual /ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl/ adjective I was actually on time, which is unusual for me. inusual
vehicle /ˈvɪə.kəl/ noun The city council has put a tax on all vehicles which vehículo
enter the city centre.
voyage /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/ noun Life is compared to voyage. viaje
waiting room /ˈweɪ.tɪŋ ˌruːm/ noun In each of the labs, the primary experimental room sala de espera
resembled a waiting room at a doctor's office.
wheel /wiːl/ noun I got my bag caught in the wheel of my bicycle. rueda
zone /zəʊn/ noun The city has declared itself a nuclear-free zone. zona
UNIT 4
SPEECH
alternative /ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv/ adverb An alternative venue for the concert is being sought. alternativa
appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ noun The twins are almost identical in appearance. apariencia
assistant /əˈsɪst(ə)nt/ noun She works as a care assistant in an old people’s home. asistente
(a) big mouth /eɪ ˈbɪɡ ˌmaʊθ/ noun He’s such a big mouth - he told them the whole story! (un) bocazas
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big-headed /ˌbɪɡˈhed.ɪd/ adjective I don’t want to seem big-headed but I frankly don't cabezota
think it will work.
boredom /ˈbɔː(r)dəm/ noun I was going mad with boredom and having nothing aburrimiento
interesting to do.
(a) bright spark (/eɪ) braɪt ˈspɑːk/ noun Some bright spark turned the heating off last night! (una) chispa
bring to the table /brɪŋ tuː ðə ˈteɪb(ə)l/ phrase Clarkson was the right person to hire – she brings poner sobre la mesa
some important skills to the table.
broad-minded /ˌbrɔːdˈmaɪn.dɪd/ adjective At 70 she was surprisingly broad-minded and open to mente abierta
ideas.
calm /kɑːm/ adjective He has a very calm manner and never gets upset. tranquilo
cheerful /ˈtʃɪə.fəl/ adjective He’s usually fairly cheerful and fun to be with. alegre
clever /ˈklev.ər/ adjective My dog has never been very clever, but she tries inteligente
hard.
concentration /ˌkɒns(ə)nˈtreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun It took all his concentration to stay awake. concentración
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ noun I fail to see a connection between the two cases. conexión
considerate /kənˈsɪd.ər.ət/ adjective It wasn’t very considerate of you to drink all the milk. considerado
countless /ˈkaʊnt.ləs/ adjective There are countless arguments against this ridiculous incontable
proposal.
creative /kriˈeɪ.tɪv/ adjective They used rather creative methods to impress creativo
investors.
creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ noun A good teacher can encourage artistic creativity. creatividad
curious /ˈkjʊə.ri.əs/ adjective I was curious to know what would happen next. integrado
depression /dɪˈpreʃ(ə)n noun She displayed trouble concentrating, sadness and depresión
other symptoms of depression
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diplomatic /ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk/ adjective The US cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961. diplomática
distraction /dɪˈstrækʃ(ə)n/ noun We have work to do and it is essential that there are distracción
no distractions.
down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn.tuːˈɜːθ/ adjective She’s a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions. realista
easy-going /ˌiː.ziˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ adjective The students considered Mrs Smith an easy-going agradable
teacher.
energetic /ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/ adjective I tried aerobics but it was too energetic for me. enérgico
freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ noun Newspapers now enjoy much greater freedom under libertad
the new laws.
(a) great laugh /eɪ ɡreɪt lɑːf/ noun Marta is a great laugh – a never-ending source of divertida
funny stories.
hard-working /ˌhɑːdˈwɜː.kɪŋ/ adjective She was always very hard-working at school. trabajadora
historian /hɪˈstɔː.ri.ən/ noun Her father was a well-known historian, specialising in historiador
ancient African kingdoms.
humble /ˈhʌm.bəl/ adjective He’s very humble about his success. humilde
imaginative /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nə.tɪv/ adjective The architects have made imaginative use of glass ingenioso
and transparent plastic.
impetuous /ɪmˈpetʃ.u.əs/ adjective The Prime Minister may now be regretting her impetuoso
promise to reduce unemployment by half.
in the spotlight /ɪn ðə ˈspɒt.laɪt/ phrase The CEO has been in the spotlight recently since the en el foco
revelation of his tax frauds.
insecure /ˌɪn.sɪˈkjʊər/ adjective I wonder what it was about her upbringing that made inseguro
her so insecure about herself.
introverted /ˈɪn.trə.vɜː.tɪd/ adjective When she started school, she became cautious, quiet introvertida
21
and introverted.
inventor /ɪnˈven.tər/ noun Thomas Edison was the inventor of the electric light inventor
bulb.
involvement /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/ noun The problem requires the active involvement of the implicación
Student Union.
kind /kaɪnd/ adjective She’s a very kind and thoughtful person. amable
laid-back /ˌleɪdˈbæk/ adjective I’ve never seen her worried or anxious in any way - relajada
she's so laid-back.
laziness /ˈleɪ.zi.nəs/ noun I could go to the gym – it’s just laziness that stops me. pereza
leader /ˈliː.dər/ noun The Sudanese leader wants to introduce further líder
changes into his government.
(a) live wire (/eɪ) lɪv ˈwaɪə(r)/ noun He is very quiet, but his sister is a real live wire. pura energía
loud /laʊd/ adjective I heard a loud bang and then saw black smoke. fuerte
loyal /ˈlɔɪ.əl/ adjective When all her other friends deserted her, Steve fiel
remained loyal.
mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ noun It was a mistake to come to this restaurant without error
booking a table.
modest /ˈmɒd.ɪst/ adjective They live in a fairly modest house, considering how modesta
rich they are.
moody /ˈmuː.di/ adjective Moody people are very difficult to deal with. malhumorado
motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ verb She knows how to motivate people and get them motivar
participating.
musician /mjuːˈzɪʃ.ən/ noun The concert features dancers and musicians of all músico
nationalities.
22
narrow-minded /ˌnær.əʊˈmaɪn.dɪd/ adjective They are so narrow-minded and unwilling to accept de mente estrecha
new approaches.
outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ adjective Outgoing flights to Rio are booked until 15 January. de ida
(a) pain in the neck /eɪ peɪn ɪn ðə nek/ noun I have to fill out the whole form again, what a pain in (una) una molestia /
the neck! (un) fastidio
(a) party animal /eɪ ˈpɑː.ti ˌæn.ɪ.məl/ noun Sarah's a real party animal - she likes to dance all fiestera
night.
personality /ˌpɜː.sənˈæl.ə.ti/ noun She has a very warm and caring personality. personalidad
practical /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl/ adjective Qualifications are important but practical experience práctica
is always a plus.
preference /ˈpref.ər.əns/ noun I have a preference for sweet food over spicy. preferencia
psychologist /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ noun She spent 15 years as a clinical psychologist. psicóloga
quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ adjective She spoke in a quiet voice so as not to wake him. baja
relate to /rɪˈleɪt/ verb The culture that he describes is so different from sentirse identificado
mine that I sometimes find it hard to relate to.
relation /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ noun The painting bears almost no relation to the scene it's relación
supposed to portray.
relationship /rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/ noun What was your relationship with your mother like? relación
relaxation /ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/ noun I do yoga for relaxation. relajación
relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adjective She seemed calm, relaxed and in control of the relajada
situation.
reliable /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ adjective It’s an old car, but it's very reliable. fiable
23
researcher /rɪˈsɜː.tʃər/ noun The researcher sets up experiments to test the investigadora
hypothesis.
reserved /rɪˈzɜːvd/ adjective The English have a reputation for being reserved. reservada
resilient /rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/ adjective Optimists argue that the economy may prove more resiliente
resilient.
resourceful /rɪˈzɔː.sfəl/ adjective She’s a very resourceful manager and always finds a ingenioso
solution when there is a problem.
rise to the occasion /raɪz tuː ðə ə phrase In the exam she rose to the occasion and wrote a venirse arriba
ˈkeɪʒ(ə)n/ brilliant essay.
scientist /ˈsaɪən.tɪst/ noun A couple of decades ago scientists noticed Panama’s científico
climate was slowly growing drier.
see the bigger /siː ðə bɪɡ ˈpɪktʃə(r)/ phrase You should stop focussing on minor issues and look at tener una perspectiva
picture the bigger picture. general
self-confident /ˌselfˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ adjective At school he was popular and self-confident, and we seguro
weren’t surprised at his later success.
selfish /ˈsel.fɪʃ/ adjective The judge told him: ‘Your attitude shows a selfish egoísta
disregard for others.’
sensible /ˈsen.sə.bəl/ adjective I think the sensible thing to do is call and ask for sensato
directions.
sensitive /ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv/ adjective Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to sensible
criticism.
sensitivity /ˌsen.sɪˈtɪv.ə.ti/ noun I should have warned you about her sensitivity to sensibilidad
criticism.
serious /ˈsɪə.ri.əs/ adjective Bullying has become a serious problem in a lot of serio
schools.
24
shy /ʃaɪ/ adjective Tom is very extrovert and confident while Mike’s shy tímido
and quiet.
shyness /ˈʃaɪ.nəs/ noun His face went red with shyness when he walked into timidez
the crowded room.
sociable /ˈsəʊ.ʃə.bəl/ adjective I had a headache and I wasn’t feeling very sociable. sociable
(a) social butterfly (/eɪ) ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l ˈbʌtə(r) noun A social butterfly describes someone who's socially (un) animal social
ˌflaɪ/ outgoing, and often very charismatic.
stereotype /ˈsteriəˌtaɪp/ noun What is the national stereotype of a British person? estereotipo
tactful /ˈtækt.fəl/ adjective Mentioning his baldness wasn’t very tactful. discreto
tactless /ˈtækt.ləs/ adjective I was rather tactless me to ask such a personal sin tacto
question.
take centre-stage /teɪk ˈsentə(r) steɪdʒ/ phrase She always likes to take centre stage in whatever she ser el centro
does.
talkative /ˈtɔː.kə.tɪv/ adjective She’s a lively, talkative person. habladora
the life and soul of /ðə laɪf ənd səʊl ɒv/ phrase He was regularly seen attending social events, and ser el alma de la fiesta
was generally the life and soul of the party.
untrustworthy /ʌnˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/ adjective He is a completely untrustworthy, unreliable source. de poca confianza
(a) wallflower (/eɪ) ˈwɔːəlflaʊər/ noun The poor wallflower stood at the edge of the party (un) florero
and never spoke to anybody.
UNIT 5
SPEECH
account /əˈkaʊnt/ noun I've opened a savings account with an online bank. cuenta
25
adopt /əˈdɒpt/ verb They have no children of their own, but they’re adoptar
hoping to adopt.
afford /əˈfɔː(r)d/ verb We need a bigger house, but we just can’t afford the permitir
rent.
allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ noun Do you parents give you a weekly allowance or are paga
they stingy like mine?
as long as /əz ˈlɒŋ əz/ phrase As long as he can develop reusable rockets to make mientras
the six-month journey
ATM/cashpoint /ˌeɪ tiː ˈem/ noun In New York, I am going to get my cash at an ATM. cajero automático
/ˈkæʃˌpɔɪnt/
bank charge/fee /ˈbaŋk ˌtʃɑː(r)dʒɪ noun Bank charges are very high in some countries. tasa bancaria
/fiː/
bank note /bæŋk nəʊt/ noun She held the bank note up to the light and inspected billete
it carefully.
bargain /ˈbɑː(r)ɡɪn/ noun You should be able to pick up a few good bargains at ganga
that shop.
budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ noun When I was a teenager, I never learnt how to save presupuesto
money or make a budget.
cash /kaʃ/ noun Do you want to pay in cash or by credit card? efectivo
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ noun Have you got change for a five-pound note? cambio
chip in /tʃɪp ɪn/ phrasal verb I’ll start and you can all chip in with your comments. intervenir
coin /kɔɪn/ noun Tom put a coin into the vending machine. moneda
come to /ˈkʌm tuː/ phrasal verb Have you come to a decision yet? tomar
cost an arm and a /kɒst ən ɑː(r)m ənd eɪ phrase A week at a health farm can cost an arm and a leg. costar un riñón
26
leg leɡ/
credit card /ˈkred.ɪt ˌkɑːd/ noun This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a tarjeta de crédito
day from cashpoints.
cut down (on) /kʌt daʊn (ɒn/) phrasal verb I’m trying to cut down on caffeine. reducir (algo)
debit card /ˈdeb.ɪt ˌkɑːd/ noun I paid with my debit card. tarjeta de débito
discount /ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt/ noun Air Canada are currently offering a 10% discount on descuento
selected airfares.
do away with /də əˈweɪ wɪð/ phrasal verb It is time we did away with the idea that only deshacerse de
economic growth is important.
get by /ˌɡet ˈbaɪ/ phrasal verb I couldn’t possibly get by on £500 a month. pasar
get into debt /ˌɡet ɪntuː ˈdet/ verb She was terrified of getting into debt and owing endeudarse
money to the bank.
keep track of /kiːp træk ɒv/ phrasal verb Bank statements help you keep track of where your controlar
money is going.
pay back /ˌpeɪ ˈbak/ phrasal verb I’ll be able to pay you back next week. devolver dinero
payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ noun You have to make a payment of £55 every month. pago
purchase /ˈpɜː(r)tʃəs/ verb/noun She purchased shares in the company. comprar
receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ noun He always paid by credit card and kept the receipts recibo
refund /ˈriːfʌnd/ noun You will receive a full refund if you cancel the holiday. devolución
rip off /ˈrɪp.ɒf/ noun Don’t eat in the museum restaurant – it’s a rip-off. robo
run out /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb The ink in the printer has run out. terminarse
sale /seɪl/ noun The Black Friday sales are starting next week. rebajas
save /seɪv/ verb I’m saving my money to buy a new bicycle. ahorrar
27
sell out /ˌsel ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb The tickets had sold out within a few short hours. agotarse
set aside /ˌset əˈsaɪd/ phrasal verb Did they set aside some money for their child’s guardar
education?
shop around /ʃɒp əˈraʊnd/ phrasal verb When you’re buying a phone, you should always shop buscar
around for the best deal.
shopping /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ noun I don’t like shopping at malls very much – I prefer to comprar
buy online.
snap up a bargain /snæp ʌp eɪ phrase You can snap up a bargain for as little as €10. conseguir una ganga
ˈbɑː(r)ɡɪn/
spend a fortune /spend eɪ ˈfɔː(r)tʃən phrase We spend a fortune on the latest time-saving gadgets. gastarse una fortuna
(on) (ɒn/) (en algo)
spend on /ˈspend ɒn/ phrasal verb We’re spending a lot more on food than we used to. gastar en
spending habits /ˈspen.dɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪt/ noun The statistics reflect a change in people’s spending hábitos de gasto
habits.
splash out /ˌsplaʃ ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb He’s just splashed out on a brand new car. tirar la casa por la
ventana
swipe /swaɪp/ verb Simply swipe left or right to change the clock style on deslizar
your phone.
take out (money) /teɪk aʊt (ˈmʌni/) phrasal verb I had to take €10,000 out of a savings account in sacar (dinero)
order to pay for the car.
tax /tæks/ noun They’re increasing the tax on luxury items. impuesto
throw money down /θrəʊˈmʌni daʊn ðiː phrase Stop throwing money down the drain on cheap tirar el dinero a la
the drain dreɪn/ clothes. Get something that will last for years. basura
tighten your belt /ˈtaɪt(ə)n jɔː(r) belt/ phrase Clearly, if you are spending more than your income, ajustarse el cinturón
28
you’ll need to tighten your belt.
value for money /ˌvaljuː fə(r) ˈmʌni/ adjective Most customers are looking for value for their money buena relación calidad-
rather than cutting-edge fashion. precio
waste /weɪst/ verb Why do you waste your money on lottery tickets? malgastar
UNIT 6
SPEECH
A and E (accident /eɪ ænd iː noun You should only go to the A and E department for Urgencias
and emergency) (ˈæksɪd(ə)ntænd ɪ genuine emergencies.
ˈmɜː(r)dʒ(ə)nsi/)
ache /eɪk/ verb/noun Philip’s head began to ache. dolor
ankle /ˈaŋk(ə)l/ noun I fell and twisted my ankle. tobillo
argument /ˈɑːɡ.jə.mənt/ noun They won‘t accept higher prices without an argumento
argument.
back on your feet /ˌbak ɒn jɔː(r) ˈfiːt/ phrase Jim’s hoping he’ll be out of bed and back on his feet recuperado
by next week.
black out /ˌblak ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb He had blacked out when the baseball hit his head. blanco
boil /bɔɪl/ verb When the water boils, add the rice. hervir
broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adjective He had several broken ribs and a suspected broken rota
leg.
challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ noun I was bored with my life and felt I needed a new reto
challenge.
chemist /ˈkemɪst/ noun Aisha is a brilliant young research chemist. química
29
chest /tʃest/ noun Have you had any chest pains? pecho
collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ verb We have been collaborating closely with teachers in colaborar
planning out the lesson plans.
come down with /ˌkʌm ˈdaʊn wɪd/ phrasal verb I think I’m coming down with the flu. coger
concept /ˈkɒnsept/ noun Some students failed to understand even the simplest concepto
mathematical concepts.
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ noun I fail to see a connection between the two cases. conexión
consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ noun The consequence of such policies will surely be higher consecuencia
taxes.
cough /kɒf/ verb/noun My chest felt painful, and I was coughing tos
uncontrollably.
dislocate /ˈdɪsləkeɪt/ verb He dislocated his shoulder in the accident. dislocarse
dizziness (n) /ˈdɪz.i.nəs/ noun The sight of blood may cause dizziness in some mareo
people.
dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ adjective He felt dizzy after dancing for hours. mareado
dystopian /dɪsˈtəʊpiən/ adjective The plot showed a dystopian future with great distópico
suffering and injustice.
exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃ(ə)n/ noun Weak with exhaustion, the climbers were finally lifted agotamiento
to safety.
eyebrow /ˈaɪˌbraʊ/ noun He has curly hair and very bushy eyebrows. ceja
eyelash /ˈaɪˌlæʃ/ noun I noticed her eyelashes, long and thick – were they pestaña
real?
eyelid /ˈaɪˌlɪd/ noun Her eyelids drooped and she fell asleep. párpado
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ noun You can ask your parents to give you medicine if you fiebre
30
have fever or muscle pain.
flu /fluː/ noun I think I’m coming down with the flu. gripe
forehead /ˈfɔː(r)ˌhed/ noun She had a long face, with a high forehead. frente
fracture /ˈfraktʃə(r)/ verb/noun He fell off a ladder and fractured his hip. fractura
from scratch /frɒm skrætʃ/ phrase It took only three years to write it from scratch. desde cero
full of beans /fʊl ɒv biːnz/ phrase Jem was full of beans after a long sleep. recargada
germ /dʒɜː(r)m/ noun Germs are tiny organisms or living things that can gérmenes
cause diseases.
GP /ˌdʒiː ˈpiː/ noun A GP deals with general medical problems and treats médico de cabecera
the families in a particular area.
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ noun I’ve got a splitting headache. dolor de cabeza
heal /hiːl/ verb The wound took a long time to heal. curar
heel /hiːl/ noun I’ve got a sore heel. talón
hip /hɪp/ noun She stood with her hands on her hips, waiting. cadera
imaginary /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/ adjective A lonely child sometimes creates an imaginary friend imaginario
to play with.
improbable /ɪmˈprɒbəb(ə)l/ adjective It’s improbable that a lawyer would give such advice. improbable
infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ noun She caught an infection while travelling in Africa. infección
infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ adjective The condition is highly infectious. infeccioso
injection /ɪnˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ noun I’m not allowed to give injections or anything like inyección
that.
injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ verb Nine people died and 54 were injured in the accident. lesionar
31
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ noun She has recovered from injuries from in the accident. lesión
keep in shape /ˌkiːp ɪn ˈʃeɪp/ phrase I’ve got to keep in shape to run the next marathon. mantenerse en forma
kidney /ˈkɪdni/ noun They had to remove his kidney. riñón
lethal /ˈliːθl/ adjective His powerful backhand gave him a distinct advantage letal
over his opponent.
liver /ˈlɪvə(r)/ noun Too much sugar damages the liver, causing cirrhosis. hígado
lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ verb A lower temperature brings deeper sleep with fewer más baja
awakenings.
lung /lʌŋ/ noun Smoking causes lung cancer. pulmón
muscle /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ noun These exercises are good for your stomach muscles. músculo
nail /neɪl/ noun I get my nails done every week, so they look healthy uña
and attractive.
negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ verb The two sides have yet to show their willingness to negociar
negotiate.
on top of the world /ɒn ˌtɒp əv də phrase She was extremely happy and on top of the world motivada
ˈwɜː(r)ld/ that morning.
on your last legs /ɒn jɔː(r) lɑːst leɡz/ phrase After running for ten kilometres, we were exhausted últimas fuerzas
and on our last legs.
operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun Heart transplants are now routine operations in some operación
hospitals.
out of shape /aʊt ɒv ʃeɪp/ phrase He indeed was well out of shape and had a bright red en mala forma
face.
painful /ˈpeɪnf(ə)l/ adjective My feet were sometimes so painful and swollen that I doloridos
could not wear shoes.
32
painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(r)/ noun Painkillers have turned out to be addictive substances analgésico
for patients
pass on /pɑːs ˈɒn/ phrasal verb Marta asked us to pass on her best wishes. hacer llegar
physiotherapy /ˌfɪziəʊˈθerəpi/ noun I was about a month in hospital and then six months fisioterapia
in physiotherapy.
pick up /pɪk ʌp/ phrasal verb An expert weighs in on why it's still possible to pick up coger
a cold or the flu despite social distancing.
prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun The government maintained its prediction that predicción
inflation will hold to 8.5% this year.
prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/ noun The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. prescripción
properties /ˈprɒpə(r)ti/ noun Garlic is believed to have medicinal properties . propiedades
pull through /ˌpʊl ˈθruː/ phrasal verb Don’t worry, your dad’s going to pull through. salir de esta
relief /rɪˈliːf/ noun It’s a huge relief to know that everyone is safe. alivio
relieve (pain) /rɪˈliːv (peɪn/) verb Cooling the skin with ice packs can help to relieve aliviar
pain.
remedy /ˈremədi/ noun Patience is the best remedy. remedio
ribs /rɪb/ noun The child was so thin you could see his ribs. costillas
sick /sɪk/ adjective He was violently sick over the side of the boat. enfermo
side effects /saɪd ɪˈfekt/ noun The treatment has no significant side effects. efectos secundarios
sneeze /sniːz/ verb/noun The English say ‘bless you’ when they hear someone estornudar/estornudo
sneeze.
sore /sɔː(r)/ adjective I always feel stiff and sore after PE class. dolorido
stiff /stɪf/ adjective Her fingers were getting stiff with age. agarrotado
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stiffness /ˈstɪf.nəs/ noun She complained of stiffness in her joints. Accordingly agarrotamiento
she was admitted to hospital for further tests.
suspect /səˈspekt/ verb Teachers should call contact parents if they suspect sospechar
bullying is taking place.
symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ noun The symptoms include fever and vomiting. síntoma
temperature /ˈtemprɪtʃə(r)/ noun It’s stopped snowing here but the temperature is still temperatura
minus three.
the picture of /ði ˈpɪktʃə(r) ɒv helθ/ phrase If someone is the picture of health or a picture of pura imagen de la
health health, they look very healthy. salud
thigh /θaɪ/ noun She was wearing boots that reached to her thighs. muslo
tiredness /ˈtaɪəd.nəs/ noun He said that it was tiredness that led him to make the cansancio
mistake.
treat /triːt/ verb You should always get a doctor to treat your illnesses tratar
and not trust pseudosciences.
treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ noun She was receiving treatment for breast cancer. tratamiento
under the weather /ˌʌndə(r) də adjective I’ve been feeling a bit under the weather this week. mal
ˈwedə(r)/
vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ noun Dr Isabel Morgan’s work fed into the development of vacuna
the polio vaccine.
waist /weɪst/ noun These trousers are a bit tight around my waist. cintura
willow bark /ˈwɪləʊ bɑː(r)k/ noun Willow bark acts a lot like aspirin. It's most commonly corteza de sauce
used for pain and fever.
X-ray /ˈeks.reɪz/ noun She was advised to have an X-ray of her hips. radiografía
34
UNIT 7
SPEECH
action /ˈakʃ(ə)n/ noun Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze acción
spreading.
agree /əˈɡriː/ verb I agree with my mother about most things, except for estar de acuerdo
bedtime!
album /ˈælbəm/ noun The band will release their third album in May. álbum
all set /ɔːl set/ phrase Come and eat – dinner is all set! listo
amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ adjective I don’t find that type of humour very amusing at all. entretenido
animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun John Whitney was a pioneer of computer animation. animación
audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ noun The music was performed before an enthusiastic público
audience.
blockbuster /ˈblɒkˌbʌstə(r)/ noun There is nothing I love more than popcorn and the taquillazo
latest Hollywood blockbuster.
box office /ˈbɒks ˌɒf.ɪs/ noun The film sold well and broke all box office records. ventas
breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ noun Scientists predict a major breakthrough within six avance
months.
chart /tʃɑː(r)t/ noun Their latest hit spent 20 weeks at the top of the chart. lista
chunk /tʃʌŋk/ noun I‘ve completed a fair chunk of my article. parte
clichéd /ˈkliːʃeɪ/ adjective The commentary is poor and clichéd. estereotipado
cliffhanger /ˈklɪfˌhæŋə(r)/ noun The chapter ended with a real cliffhanger. final de suspense
35
convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ noun He will demand convincing evidence before he adopts convincentes
a new theory.
crime /kraɪm/ noun Poverty is not a crime. crimen
critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ noun Critics say the plot is short-sighted and uninteresting. crítica
dance /ˈdɑːns/ noun They’ve got a diverse CD collection ranging from dance
traditional folk music to contemporary dance music.
download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ verb You can download this software for free. descargar
drawback /ˈdrɔːˌbæk/ noun The main drawback of the scheme is its expense. desventaja
electronic /ˌelekˈtrɒnɪk/ adjective I manage to use some spare time to play the eléctrica
electronic guitar in a band.
fast-moving /ˌfɑːst ˈmuːvɪŋ/ adjective This is a fast-moving, action-packed thriller. rápido
feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ noun Complaints are valuable feedback on the comentario
effectiveness of the organization.
folk /fəʊk/ noun Folk songs are part of our culture. folk
gig /ɡɪɡ/ noun Live gigs are the most enjoyable part of my work. gira
give up on /ˈɡɪv ʌp ɒn/ phrasal verb At that point, I hadn‘t completely given up on the descartar
idea.
gripping /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ adjective I found the book so gripping that I couldn‘t put it fascinante
down.
hilarious /hɪˈleəriəs/ adjective For some reason, she finds his jokes hilarious. divertido
historical /hɪˈstɒrɪk(ə)l/ adjective The book adopts a historical perspective. histórica
hit /hɪt/ noun That song was a smashing hit last year although it éxito
sounded like rubbish.
36
horror /ˈhɒrə(r)/ noun Her eyes were wide with horror. horror
indie /ˈɪndi/ adjective They were a husband-and-wife indie act who wrote indie
infectious pop songs.
inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adjective Nelson Mandela was a great orator and an inspiring inspirador
leader.
intriguing /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/ adjective I found the story rather intriguing. intrigante
live /lɪv/ adverb The recording sounds just like a live performance. directo
lyrics /ˈlɪrɪk/ noun The song has a simple melody and beautiful lyrics. letra
make it /meɪk ɪt/ phrase I can‘t make it in ten minutes. llegar
masterpiece /ˈmɑːstə(r)ˌpiːs/ noun The whole thing was a masterpiece of crowd obra maestra
management.
metal /ˈmet(ə)l/ noun They say that listening to heavy metal can reduce metal
stress and well-being.
moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ adjective His new release was deeply moving. conmovedora
notion /ˈnəʊʃ(ə)n/ noun I have no notion of resigning. intención
on the lookout for /ɒn ði ˈlʊkaʊt fə(r)/ phrase Police are on the lookout for three escaped prisoners. a la busca y captura
outcome /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/ noun A second game will be played to determine the resultado
outcome.
performance /pə(r)ˈfɔː(r)məns/ noun The first performance of the opera was in 1936. función
plot /plɒt/ noun The film had an exciting plot and really believable argumento
actors.
predictable /prɪˈdɪktəb(ə)l/ adjective The results of most of the studies have been predecible
predictable.
37
punk /pʌŋk/ noun Punk hairstyles keep on coming back in. punk
R&B /ɑːr ən ˈbiː/ noun Afro-Americans started R&B in the 1940s, mixing R&B
blues, jazz and gospel.
rap /ræp/ noun Her favourite music was by Run DMC, a rap group. rap
realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adjective Managers must set targets that are realistic. realista
record /ˈrekɔː(r)d/ verb His voice does not record well. registrar
release /rɪˈliːs/ verb/noun The movie goes on general release next week. lanzar/lanzamiento
rom-com /ˈrɒmˌkɒm/ noun My brother loves rom-coms but I think romances comedia romántica
about comedy are a waste of time.
sci-fi /ˈsaɪ faɪ/ noun The film is a western and sci-fi hybrid. ciencia ficción
sell-out /sel aʊt/ noun Their London concert was a sell-out so we couldn’t agotar entradas
get tickets.
sequel /ˈsiːkwəl/ noun She‘s writing a sequel to her first novel. secuela
songwriter /ˈsɒŋˌraɪtə(r)/ noun His reputation as a songwriter meanwhile grew compositor
rapidly.
soul /səʊl/ noun Erykah Badu is arguably one of the greatest soul soul
singers of modern times.
soundtrack /ˈsaʊn(d)ˌtræk/ noun The best thing about the film is its soundtrack. banda sonora
stage /steɪdʒ/ noun She stood alone on stage in the spotlight. escenario
star /stɑː(r)/ noun His dream of being a movie star became true. estrella
stunning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ adjective The view from the top of the hill is stunning. impresionante
tangible /ˈtændʒəb(ə)l/ adjective The scheme must have tangible benefits for the tangible
unemployed.
38
thriller /ˈθrɪlə(r)/ noun The film turned out to be a gripping thriller. thriller
tour /tʊə(r)/ verb/noun The band went on a 10-day tour of central Africa. gira
track /træk/ noun The 14 tracks vary from happy pop songs to pista
depressing love songs.
turnout /ˈtɜː(r)naʊt/ noun Sunny weather helped boost the turnout at Sunday’s venta
concert.
villain /ˈvɪlən/ noun He’s just like the villain out of a James Bond film. villano
vinyl /ˈvaɪn(ə)l/ noun Old-fashioned vinyl records are making a comeback. vinilo
well-produced /wel prəˈdjuːs/ verb A well-produced video filmed by two of my favourite producir de forma
YouTubers. cuidada
whodunnits /ˌhuːˈdʌnɪt/ noun I love those whodunnits that you never know who did historia de misterio
it until the final page.
UNIT 8
SPEECH
aftershock /ˈɑːftə(r)ˌʃɒk/ noun The country felt the aftershock of the disaster for consecuencia
years.
agree with /əˈɡriː wɪθ/ verb I don’t agree with corporal punishment in schools. estar de acuerdo
aid /eɪd/ noun The UN provided emergency economic aid to the ayuda
refugees.
apologise for /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz verb The newspaper offered to apologise for the article. disculparse por (algo)
(something) (ˈsʌmθɪŋ/)
arrive at /əˈraɪv ət/ verb The two studies arrive at very different conclusions. llegar a
39
ash /æʃ/ noun The volcano spurted clouds of steam and ash high ceniza
into the air.
avalanche /ˈævəˌlɑːntʃ/ noun The avalanche covered the small mountain village. avalancha
believe in /bɪˈliːv ɪn/ verb I don’t believe in miracles. creer en
belong to /bɪˈlɒŋ tuː/ verb Who does this coat belong to? pertenecer
blizzard /ˈblɪzə(r)d/ noun Roads were closed due to severe blizzards of snow. ventisca
casualty /ˈkæʒuəlti/ noun He was admitted to the casualty ward in the hospital. herido
collapse /kəˈlæps/ verb There were fears that the roof would collapse. vencer
complain about /kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt/ verb People complain about the rubbish on TV and in the quejarse de algo
press.
debris /ˈdeɪbriː/ noun The sea took the debris from the ship ashore. escombros
depend on /dɪˈpend/ verb Animals depend on plant material for food. depender de
destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ noun The building must be saved from destruction caused destrucción
by the earthquake.
devastating /ˈdevəˌsteɪtɪŋ/ adjective Extreme weather can have a devastating effect on devastador
farming.
disasters /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ noun Protect your property from natural disasters such as desastre
flooding.
downpour /ˈdaʊnˌpɔː(r)/ noun Low cloud and torrential downpours meant that aguacero
views over Loch Lomond were limited.
dream of /driːm/ noun I dream of living on a tropical island. soñar con
drought /draʊt/ noun The region is experiencing a severe drought. sequía
dust storm /dʌst stɔː(r)m/ noun An intense dust storm clouded out the sun. tormenta de polvo
40
earthquake /ˈɜː(r)θˌkweɪk/ noun Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. terremoto
epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ noun Doctors are struggling to contain the epidemic. epidemia
evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ verb If the alarm sounds, all students should evacuate evacuar
immediately.
evacuee /ɪˌvækjuˈiː/ noun On reaching Dubai the evacuees are taken straight to evacuados
Dubai international airport.
flood / flash flood /flʌd/ verb/noun In the event of a flash flood, remember that you inundar/riada
/flæʃ flʌd/ should immediately go to higher ground.
folded /fəʊld/ verb She folded the towel neatly and hung it over the rail. doblar
forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst ˈfaɪə(r)/ noun A cigarette spark started the forest fire. incendio forestal
gale /ɡeɪl/ noun Many trees were blown down in the gale. vendaval
gust (of wind) /ɡʌst (ɒv wɪnd/) noun A gust of wind blew his hat off. racha (de viento)
hail /heɪl/ verb Fortunately the hail did not damage the vegetable granizo
crops
heatwave /ˈhiːtˌweɪv/ noun Berlin is in the grip of a heatwave. ola de calor
hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkeɪn/ noun The hurricane caused widespread devastation. huracán
inflatable /ɪnˈfleɪtəb(ə)l/ adjective The children were playing on the inflatable castle. inflable
landslide /ˈlæn(d)ˌslaɪd/ noun Prevention is the best approach to minimize landslide desprendimientos
disasters in mountainous areas.
molten lava /ˈməʊltən ˈlɑːvə/ noun Molten lava erupted from the top of the volcano. lava líquida
perform /pə(r)ˈfɔː(r)m/ verb Machines are capable of performing many routine llevar a cabo
tasks.
protect /prəˈtekt (ˈsʌmbədi/) verb The hat only partially protected his face from the sun. proteger (algo/a
41
(somebody / /prəˈtekt (ˈsʌmθɪŋ/) alguien)
something)
put out /pʊt aʊt/ verb It took two hours to put out the fire. apagar
quadrupled /kwɒˈdruːp(ə)l/ verb The price has quadrupled in the last few years. cuadruplicar
reach /riːtʃ/ noun The hotel is within easy reach of the town centre. fácil acceso
relief worker /rɪˈliːf ˈwɜː(r)kə(r)/ noun The relief worker helped during the pandemic. trabajador humanitario
rely on /rɪˈlaɪ/ verb My brother can help. At least we can rely on him. confiar
snowstorm /ˈsnəʊˌstɔː(r)m/ noun A severe snowstorm blocked up railroads. tormenta de nieve
spread across /spred əˈkrɒs/ phrasal verb Black clouds spread across the sky. expandirse
spread through /spred θruː/ phrasal verb Diseases were spread through poor sanitary expandirse
conditions.
supply /səˈplaɪ/ verb/noun A limited oil supply has made gas prices rise. suministrar/suministro
survivor /sə(r)ˈvaɪvə(r)/ noun Griffiths is the sole survivor of the crash. superviviente
sweep down /swiːp daʊn/ verb The hotel gardens sweep down to the beach. llegar hasta
thunderstorm /ˈθʌndə(r)ˌstɔː(r)m/ noun Heavy thunderstorms brought torrential rain to the tormenta eléctrica
area.
tornado /tɔː(r)ˈneɪdəʊ/ noun The tornado pulled up the old tree by its roots. tornado
torrential rain /təˈrenʃ(ə)l/ adjective We got caught in a torrential downpour. lluvia torrencial
tremor /ˈtremə(r)/ noun A slight earth tremor was felt in California. temblor
tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ noun He described the government‘s explanation as a tsunami
tsunami of lies.
ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ adjective The incident affected the ultimate outcome of the definitivo
war.
42
victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ noun The victim suffered severe brain damage. víctima
volcanic eruption /vɒlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/ noun The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic erupción volcánica
eruption.
wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪə(r)/ noun The news spread like wildfire. fuego incontrolado
43
UNIT 9
SPEECH
back up /bæk ʌp/ verb Make sure you back up your files. hacer una copia de
seguridad
battery charger /ˈbæt.ər.i ˈtʃɑː.dʒər/ noun The battery charger plugs into any mains socket. cargador
bendy /ˈben.di/ adjective The carrots were old and bendy. blanda
bookmark /ˈbʊkˌmɑː(r)k/ verb/noun I created a bookmark for my favourite website. favorito
brittle /ˈbrɪt.əl/ adjective As you get older your bones become increasingly frágil
brittle
bulletproof /ˈbʊl.ɪt.pruːf/ adjective The bank has bulletproof glass. blindado
chunky /ˈtʃʌŋ.ki/ adjective I love chunky peanut butter! con trozos
circuits /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ noun If computer circuits are allowed to overheat they will circuito
misbehave.
clickbait /ˈklɪk ˌbeɪt/ noun This is not news, really. It’s clickbait, the stuff page ciberanzuelo
views are made of.
cloud /klaʊd/ noun Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of nube
computer system resources.
cutting edge /ˌkʌt.ɪŋ ˈedʒ/ noun His research is at the cutting edge of new therapies de vanguardia
for cancer.
desktop /ˈdeskˌtɒp/ noun Users can download their material to a desktop PC. sobremesa
download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ verb You can download this software for free. descargar
drop-down menu /ˈdrɒpdaʊn ˈmenjuː/ noun Drop-down menus make the program very easy to menú desplegable
44
use.
durable /ˈdʒʊə.rə.bəl adjective The machines have to be made of durable materials. duradero
earbud /ˈɪə.bʌdz/ noun I find earbuds really uncomfortable in the ear. audífono
Earphones are better.
earphones /ˈɪə(r)ˌfəʊnz/ noun The static roared out from the earphones, stronger auriculares
than ever.
eco-friendly /ˈiː.kəʊˌfrend.li/ adjective The motorcycle's eco-friendly design should help sell respetuoso con el
it to consumers. medio ambiente
external hard drive /ɪkˈstɜː(r)n(ə)l hɑː(r)d verb I saved the document onto my external hard drive. disco duro externo
draɪv/
firewall /ˈfaɪə(r)ˌwɔːl/ noun A firewall is what protects your computer from firewall
external threats.
flexible /ˈflek.sə.bəl adjective In the computer world, flexible may refer to flexible
hardware, software, or a combination of the two.
freeze /friːz/ verb Why does my computer screen freeze? congelar
go off /ˌɡəʊ ˈɒf/ phrasal verb All the lights in the building suddenly went off. apagarse
headphones /ˈhedˌfəʊnz/ noun He can't hear you because he is listening to music auriculares
through headphones.
heavy-duty /ˌhev.iˈdʒuː.ti/ adjective These are large, heavy-duty bags for those who buy a resistente
lot of groceries
high-resolution /ˌhaɪ.rez.əˈluː.ʃən/ adjective High-resolution images take a long time to download. alta resolución
isolated /ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd/ adjective Unfortunately, this is not an isolated incident. aislado
landline /ˈlæn(d)ˌlaɪn/ noun I’ll try you again later when I get to a landline. línea fija
lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/ noun The project's lifespan is estimated at about five years. duración
45
lightweight /ˈlaɪtˌweɪt/ adjective Laptop computers are becoming more lightweight. ligero
log on /lɒɡ ˈɒn/ phrasal verb You log on at the start of an online session. iniciar sesión
metallic /mɪˈtælɪk/ adjective Brass is a metallic alloy of copper and zinc. metálico
net /net/ noun Bruce spends most evenings surfing the net. red
operating system /ˈɒp.ər.eɪ.tɪŋ ˌsɪs.təm/ noun The virus has infected the operating system of his sistema operativo
computer.
pen-drive /pen draɪv/ noun Pen-drive are portable and lightweight, making them pendrive
an ideal choice for everyday use.
pick up /pɪk ˈʌp/ phrasal verb My radio can pick up France. coger
pop up /ˌpɒp ˈʌp/ phrasal verb When looking things up on some sites, emerger
advertisements pop up.
promote /prəˈməʊt/ verb The council started a campaign to promote recycling. promover
remote control /rɪˌməʊt kənˈtrəʊl/ noun The robot was handled by remote control. mando a distancia
run on /rʌn ˈɒn/ phrasal verb Most buses run on diesel. funcionar con
run out /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb The ink in the printer has run out. terminarse
rustproof /ˈrʌstˌpruːf/ adjective Painting steel is a good way to rustproof it inoxidable
satnav /ˈsætˌnæv/ noun Many cars are now fitted with satnav or GPS. navegación por satélite
scroll across /ˈskrəʊl əˌkrɒs/ phrasal verb Breaking news are being scrolled across the bottom of desplazarse hasta
the screen.
scroll down /ˌskrəʊl ˈdaʊn/ phrasal verb Our consultants recently discussed ways of getting desplazarse hacia abajo
users to scroll down a page.
scroll up /ˌskrəʊl ˈʌp/ phrasal verb The plugin hides the top bar when scrolling down, desplazarse hacia
and shows it when scrolling up. arriba
46
set up /ˌset ˈʌp/ phrasal verb Will you be able to set up my PC? configurar
smart speaker /smɑː(r)t ˈspiːkə(r)/ noun Smart speakers can be bought at best price on online altavoz inteligente
shopping.
stem from /stem frəm/ noun Not all these shortcomings stem from inadequate originarse en
resources.
storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/ noun There's a lot of storage space in the loft. almacenaje
stream /striːm/ verb You can upload your audio files and stream along reproducir en
with the songs in the company’s catalogue. streaming
technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ noun The company invested heavily in new technology. tecnología
thermally /ˈθɜː.məl.i/ adverb Their house is light and bright and thermally efficient. térmica
touch screen /tʌtʃ skriːn/ noun The touch screen is employed for man-computer pantalla táctil
interaction.
tough /tʌf/ adjective Tough unbreakable glass is needed for car resistente
windscreens.
tweet /twiːt/ verb I had obediently stood there, watching cicada, listen tuit
to it with pride tweet.
unbreakable /ʌnˈbreɪkəb(ə)l/ adjective Tableware for outdoor use should ideally be irrompible
unbreakable.
update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ verb The latest edition has been completely updated. actualizar
upload /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ verb It might take a while for this to upload. subir
USB port /ˌjuː es ˈbiː pɔː(r)t/ noun Of course this three-in-one gadget takes power from puerto USB
your PC's USB port.
vast /vɑːst/ adjective Our dog eats a vast amount of food each day. gran
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ noun Programmers diagnosed the problem as a computer virus
47
virus
waterproof /ˈwɔːtə(r)ˌpruːf/ adjective All of our boots are 100% waterproof. resistente al agua
webcam /ˈweb.kæm/ noun He directs his business mostly from home via e-mail webcam
and webcam.
wireless charger /ˈwaɪə(r)ləs noun Did you know you can turn any phone charger into cargador inalámbrico
ˈtʃɑː(r)dʒə(r)/ wireless charger?
wireless network /ˈwaɪə(r)ləs noun Wireless networks use radio waves to connect red inalámbrica
ˈnet.wɜːk/ devices such as laptops to the Internet.
zoom in /ˌzuːm ˈɪn/ phrasal verb The camera zoomed in on a cat stuck in the tree. hacer zoom
UNIT 10
SPEECH
aid /eɪd/ noun Should governments of rich countries be legally ayuda
obliged to provide aid to poorer countries?
arts /ɑː(r)ts/ noun He was an arts graduate. arte
axe /aks/ verb Almost 1,000 jobs were axed. reducir
back /bak/ verb Both main parties are backing these proposals. respaldar
ban /ban/ verb She was banned from competing for two years after prohibir
failing an anti-doping test.
blast /blɑːst/ verb A massive explosion blasted the abandoned building. acribilló
blaze /bleɪz/ noun Firefighters were called to a blaze at a warehouse incendio
yesterday.
boost /buːst/ verb/noun Scientists have developed a drug that boosts estimula
48
serotonin levels in the body.
boss /bɒs/ noun I’ll ask my boss if I can have a day off next week. jefe
breadcrumbs /ˈbredˌkrʌm/ noun Cover with the toasted breadcrumbs and the migas
remaining cheese.
breaking news /ˌbreɪkɪŋ ˈnjuːz/ phrase Keep up with the latest breaking news and politics noticias de última hora
from around the world.
broadcast (the /ˈbrɔːdˌkɑːst (ðə njuːz/) verb The radio broadcast the news in detail. retransmitir (las
news) noticias)
business /ˈbɪznəs/ noun I have a few contacts in the music business. sector
cargo /ˈkɑː(r)ɡəʊ/ noun The ship and all its cargo sank. tripulación
chain /tʃeɪn/ noun They turned their little family restaurant into a cadena
worldwide chain.
chief editor /tʃiːf ˈedɪtə(r)/ noun The chief editor decided to increase the number of editor jefe
the advertising pages.
clash /klaʃ/ verb Angry students clashed with riot police in Miami enfrentarse
yesterday.
columnists /ˈkɒləmnɪst/ noun She's a nationally known columnist. columnista
daily newspaper /ˈdeɪli ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə(r)/ noun The evidence shows that the number of people periódico
reading a daily newspaper dropped to 23%.
digital archive /ˈdɪdʒɪt(ə)l ˈɑː(r)kaɪv/ noun It is now being served by " IBIBLIO ", an on-line public archivo digital
digital archive site.
divisive /dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ adjective Private education is often regarded as socially divisiva
divisive.
drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ noun A crowd had gathered to watch the drama unfold. drama
49
editor’s blog /ˌedɪtə(r)z ˈblɒɡ/ noun The editor's blog gives the editor's personal columna de la editora
perspective on today's issues.
endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ verb He endured solitude for months at a time. resistió
entertainment /ˌentə(r)ˈteɪnmənt/ noun A jazz band provided the entertainment, while people entretenimiento
ate and dance under the stars.
environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment(ə)l/ adjective The Minister discussed environmental issues. medioambiental
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ noun The latest model has a lot of new safety features. función
finance /ˈfaɪnans/ noun He’s now studying international banking and finance. finanzas
front-page news /ˌfrʌntˈpeɪdʒ njuːz/ noun The story made front-page news. noticia principal
gossip /ˈɡɒsɪp/ noun One day Sam heard an interesting piece of gossip. cotilleo
have your say /ˌhav jɔː(r) ˈseɪ/ phrase I’m speaking now. You can have your say later! dar la opinión
head /hed/ noun The ceremony was attended by heads of government responsable
from eleven countries.
health /helθ/ noun She is 85 and still in very good health. salud
hit /hɪt/ verb That song was a big hit on the dance floors. éxito
hold a press /ˌhəʊld ə ˈpres phrase He held a press conference after winning the ofrecer una
conference ˌkɒnf(ə)rəns/ Republican presidential primary in Florida. conferencia de prensa
hot off the press /hɒt ɒf ðiː pres/ adjective We've just received a copy of her latest book, hot off recién salido del horno
the press.
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ verb/noun The banks have issued a warning that charges are emitir
likely to rise sharply.
item of news /ˈaɪtəm ɒv njuːz/ phrase The television station reported this item of news. noticia
keep somebody /ˌkiːp sʌmbədi ɪn phrase Can you please keep me informed of further mantener informado a
50
informed ˈfɔː(r)md/ developments? alguien
key /kiː/ adjective Foreign policy had been a key issue in the campaign. clave
life and style /ˌlaɪf ən(d) ˈstaɪl/ noun The article on London Fashion Week can be found in estilo de vida
the life and style section of the paper.
link /lɪŋk/ verb/noun The link between smoking and cancer was established relación
decades ago.
make the headlines /ˌmeɪk də ˈhedlaɪnz/ phrase The crime made the headlines for several days. ocupar encabezados
money /ˈmʌn.i/ noun How much money do you earn? dinero
news broadcast /njuːz ˈbrɔːdˌkɑːst/ noun The news broadcast had been repeated a number of retransmisión de
times that evening. noticias
news bulletin /njuːz ˈbʊlətɪn/ noun Every hour, the news bulletin reported the mounting boletín de noticias
toll of casualties.
news item /ˈnjuːz ˌaɪtəm/ noun A news item announced that Amnesty International noticias
was condemning a series of abuses.
newsflash /ˈnjuːzˌflaʃ/ noun We interrupt this programme for a newsflash. noticia de última hora
newsreader (n) /ˈnjuːzˌriːdə(r)/ noun The newsreader would have achieved the same effect presentador de
if he had suddenly broke into song. telediario
obituaries /əˈbɪtʃuəriz/ noun The police said there’s a gang that studies obituaries obituario
looking for houses to rob during funerals.
plea /pliː/ noun The boy’s parents have made an emotional plea for súplica
him to come home.
pledge /pledʒ/ verb/noun The President has pledged that putting the economy suplicar
right will be his top priority.
PM /ˌpiː ˈem/ noun The Mexican President has an appointment with the primer ministro
51
PM today.
probe /prəʊb/ verb/noun Investigators are probing the causes of the plane indagar
crash.
quit /kwɪt/ verb His decision to quit international football has shocked retirarse
everyone.
riddle /ˈrɪd(ə)l/ noun No one could provide an answer to the riddle of acertijo
Elise’s sudden disappearance.
samples /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ noun Please bring some samples of your work to the muestra
interview.
science and tech /ˈsaɪ.əns ænd tek/ noun She wrote in the science and tech section of the ciencia y tecnología
magazine.
secret ceremony /ˈsiː.krət ˈser.ɪ.mə.ni/ noun A secret ceremony was held celebrating the victory. ceremonia secreta
sensationalist story /senˈseɪ.ʃən.əl ˈstɔː.ri/ noun What a sensational story! It has all the elements of a historia sensacionalista
soap opera.
showbiz /ˈʃəʊbɪz/ noun Visit us online today for more on the latest showbiz mundo del espectáculo
and celebrity news.
spark /spɑː(r)k/ verb The trial sparked off widespread rioting in London. desatar
sport /spɔː(r)t/ noun Football is a popular women’s sport in the US. deporte
take out (a /teɪk aʊt (ə səb phrasal verb Alternatively, take out a subscription to Ideal Home. contratar (una
subscription) ˈskrɪp.ʃən/) suscripción)
travel /ˈtræv(ə)l/ verb I wish I didn’t have to travel so much. viajar
trending topics /ˈtrendɪŋ ˈtɒpɪk/ verb A 13-year-old teenager from the US has become No 1 trending topic
global trending topic
turn of events /ˌtɜː(r)n əv ɪˈvents/ verb We wanted to express our shock at today’s tragic turn giro de los
52
of events. acontecimientos
vacuum /ˈvakjʊəm/ noun Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. vacío
weather forecast /ˈwedə(r) ˌfɔː(r)kɑːst/ noun The weather forecast is for a dry sunny day pronóstico del tiempo
tomorrow.
wed /wed/ verb Web Summit founder Paddy Cosgrave weds model casarse
Faye Dinsmore.
world news /ˌwɜː(r)ld ˈnjuːz/ noun Get the latest world news and international headlines noticias
with in-depth analysis, pictures and videos. internacionales
53
1
Para traducir los sustantivos sin variación de género en inglés, como “student”, se han utilizado
alternativamente las formas en femenino y masculino. De este modo, se logra una máxima visibilidad de ambos
géneros en la lista de palabras.

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