Test 6

GEOGRAPHY TEST SERIES 2022
TEST - 06
GEOGRAPHY
Time Allowed: 1 Hr. Max. Marks: 100
Instructions to Candidate
• There are Seven questions.
• Candidate has to attempt all questions.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
• Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be
stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.
• Attempts of questions shall be counted in chronological order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank
in the Question-Cum-Answer booklet must be clearly struck off.
Name _______________________________
Mobile No.___________________________
1. Invigilator’s Signature _______________ Date ________________________________
2. Invigilator’s Signature _______________ Signature ____________________________
2
REMARKS
Remarks
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Roll No.____________
SECTION-A
Attempt all questions:
(A) On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all of the following.
Write in your QCA booklet the significance of these locations, whether physical /
commercial /economic /ecological /environmental /cultural, in not more than 20 words for
each entry.
(i) Aghil Pass
(ii) Palani hills
(iii) Tura hills
(iv) Umngot river
(v) Dudhwa national park
Remarks
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Remarks
5
Remarks
6
1. Give a brief account of existing energy resources of our country. Also Comment on the
need for developing and harnessing alternative energy sources. (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
7
Remarks
8
2. What is the role of beekeeping in rural development? Discuss the challenges this industry
is facing. (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
9
Remarks
10
3. Do you think India requires new ‘White Revolution’? If yes, then what are the scope and
challenges. (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
11
Remarks
12
4. Briefly explain Zero Budget Natural Farming? Also, Discuss its main components, benefits
and associated challenges. (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
13
Remarks
14
5. Discuss the role of women in agro-economic practices. Also discuss why they are treated
as second fiddle in agro-economic decisions? (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
15
Remarks
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6. Divide the peninsular India into various agricultural regions. Explain the basis of such
regionalization. (250 Words) (15)
Remarks
17
Remarks
Geog
Geogrr a phy Test Series 2022
Test
www.iasscore.in
GEOGRAPHY
Answer Hints: T
Answ est No
Test .6
No.6
1. Give a brief account of existing energy resources of our country. Also Comment on the need for
developing and harnessing alternative energy sources.
Major sources of energy in India are classified as:
• Conventional sources (e.g. coal, petroleum, and nuclear power).
• Non-conventional sources (e.g. solar energy, hydro energy, geo-thermal energy, etc.)
Fossil fuel or conventional sources of energy are found exhaustible in nature and also not
environmental friendly; on the other hand, the non-conventional sources of energy such as solar
energy, wind energy, geo-thermal energy, tidal energy, etc. are renewable sources of energy and
they are also environmental friendly (as they do not pollute environment).
Coal
• About 80% of the coal deposits in India is of bituminous type and is of non coking grade.
• The most important Gondwana coal fields of India are located in Damodar Valley region.
• Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, and Karanpura are major coalfields of Jharkhand-Bengal
coal belt.
• Jharia is the largest coal field followed by Raniganj.
• Other important coal mines are Singrauli (partially in Madhya Pradesh and partially in Uttar
Pradesh); Korba in Chhattisgarh; Talcher and Rampur in Odisha; Chanda–Wardha, Kamptee,
and Bander in Maharashtra; Singareni in Telangana; and Pandur in Andhra Pradesh.
Petroleum
• Hydrocarbons of liquid and gaseous states varying in chemical composition, color, and specific
gravity are collectively known as petroleum resource.
• Petroleum industries produce various by-products; for example, fertilizer, synthetic rubber,
synthetic fiber, medicines, vaseline, lubricants, wax, soap, and cosmetics.
• Crude petroleum normally occurs in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period.
• For the systematic oil exploration and production, the Oil and Natural Gas Commission was set
up in 1956.
Nuclear Energy
• Essential minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium and thorium.
• Geographically, uranium ores are found at many different locations along the Singbhum Copper
belt. Other important uranium reserve regions are also found in Udaipur, Alwar, and Jhunjhunu
districts of Rajasthan; Durg district of Chhattisgarh; Bhandara district of Maharashtra; and
Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.
• Thorium is mainly obtained from monazite and illimenite, which is largely found along the
coast of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
• Palakkad and Kollam districts of Kerala have the world’s largest monazite deposits
Solar Energy
• Solar energy is 7% more effective than coal or oil based plants and 10% more effective than
nuclear plants.
• The western part of India has greater potential for the development of solar energy.
Alternative Sources of Energy
• The Ministry of Non-conventional Sources of Energy is responsible for the development of wind
energy in India as the major source of renewable energy.
• Ocean currents are the store-house of infinite energy. Hence, India has great potential for the
development of tidal energy.
• Natural hot springs and geysers are being used since medieval period, but in the present world,
these could be potential sources of renewable energy.
• Manikaran, a hot spring in Himachal Pradesh is a major renewable source of energy in India.
2. What is the role of beekeeping in rural development? Discuss the challenges this industry is
facing.
RE
Beekeeping is an agro based activity. It is being undertaken by farmers/landless laborers in rural
areas as an integrated farming practice. Though honeybees are best known for the honey they
produce, their economic role in nature is to pollinate thousands of flowering plants and assure
setting or seed or fruit. Thus, honeybees have a vital role in sustaining plants biodiversity resulting
into environmental sustainability.
O
Beekeeping Industry Benefits
• Self-employment to rural and forest based population
SC
• Production of honey, pollen, beeswax, royal jelly, venom

• Employment to rural educated youth in collecting, processing and marketing of bees/beehive
products
• Cross-pollination of various agricultural and horticultural crops, improving their quality and
increasing their yields.
S
• Proper utilization of natural resources, encouraging biodiversity and ecological awareness.

G
Role in Rural Development

• Till mid-20th century, honeybees were meant to produce only honey and beeswax.
• However, in past 3-4 decades, utilizing honeybees to pollinate large number of agricultural
and horticultural crops to increase per acre yield has become a routine practice in many
developed countries.
• Increasingly being realized that bees could be less expensive input for promoting sustainable
and eco-friendly agriculture and enhancing crop productivity
Beekeeping Challenges
• Lack of scientific data on choice of honey bee species for commercial beekeeping.
• Gap in technical knowledge for efficient management of bee colonies for higher yield.
• Insufficient infrastructure at grassroots and national level for promoting beekeeping
• Non-traditional, newly introduced industry.
• Behavior and life cycle of bees depend on climatic floristic conditions which vary from
pace to place. Impact of global warming.
[2] Hints: Geography
• Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides, weedicides.

3. Do you think India requires new ‘White Revolution’? If yes, then what are the scope and
challenges.
Though India has become the largest milk producer of the world but new dynamics are evolving
which mark the layout of the ‘new white revolution’, which are:
• As Indian urbanization level increases and demographic and economic profile changes there is
going to be greater demand for processes animal fats.
• The quality standards of the milk products are not up to the world class level and many instances
of food adulteration have been found.
• The foreign trade of Indian diary sector is limited.
• There is a need to extend the white revolution to the eastern sector and especially northeast
India.
• The level of processing in the dairy sector is limited to nearly 30%, which is very low as compared
to western countries.
• The white revolution of 1970s was achieved with the help of cooperatives, but after the
E
liberalization of 1991 large number of private sector companies have been established and driving
the sectors growth there is a need to strengthen the regulatory mechanism to ensure that milk
producers, consumers interest are protected and small entrepreneurs are promoted.
OR
A whole set of challenges remain in this regard:
• The productivity of Indian livestock is very low as compared to global standards.
• Animal rearing in India is practiced as ancillary activity and most of the farmers have small
number of cattle. This increases the cost of milk collection.
SC
• The feed, fodder for animals is not available sufficiently. India has 16% of world cattle but just
0.5% of world’s pasture land. With increasing urbanization, industrialization these lands are
further under stress.
• Certain areas like Eastern states, Andhra Pradesh contribute very minimal to the milk collected.
• The tropical climate makes Indian livestock vulnerable to health problems.
GS
• The credit and insurance penetration in the sector is low.

However, government is seized of the situation and has taken a number of steps in this regard,
some of them like:
• A new scheme “Rashtriya Gokul Mission” has been initiated for the first time in the country
under which 18 Gokul Grams in 12 different States are being set up.
Also, two awards ‘Gopal Ratna Award’ for upkeep of the best dairy animals of indigenous
breeds and ‘Kamdhenu Award’ for institutions maintaining best herd of indigenous breeds.
This year on World Milk Day 10 Gopal Ratna and 12 Kamdhenu awards have been awarded.
• Two “National Kamdhenu Breeding Centers” one each in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh
are being setup for conservation of indigenous breeds. In these centers 41 cattle and 13 buffalo
breeds would be conserved.
• In order to make dairy business more profitable “National Bovine Productivity Mission” has
been in initiated with creation of e Pashuhaat portal. This is playing an important role in linking
milk producers and breeders for indigenous breeds.
• Union Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare Minister further said that a scheme titled Dairy Processing
& Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF) for dairy cooperative sector has been initiated with
an outlay of Rs.10881 crore. This scheme would focus on creation of additional milk processing
infrastructure and chilling infrastructure through setting up of Bulk Milk Coolers. Also, provisions
Hints: Geography [3]
have been made for providing Electronic milk adulteration testing equipment and facilities for
manufacturing value added products.
• Vaccination programme for foot and mouth disease are being conducted.
Though these efforts are laudable a set of new steps like:
• Making cooperatives work more professional as competition from private sector is increasing.
• Making Indian dairy sector entrepreneur driven so as to make it capable of taking on global
industry.
• Incentivizing the setting of animal feed plants and sourcing best practices from developed
Countries And clubbing all these initiatives under new name of ‘New White Revolution’ with
special attention to eastern India, as it will bring greater collaboration and awareness.
With six lakh villages housing about 90 crore people, dairying is not just a large economic activity
but also an integral part of our social and cultural heritage. The transformation of this sector can
help in building New India which is much more healthy, equitable and prosperous.
4. Briefly explain Zero Budget Natural Farming? Also, Discuss its main components, benefits and
associated challenges.
•
RE
ZBNF as the name suggests implies that farming is done with no budget and also through natural
ingredients. It relies on four (4) pillars—
Jiwamrita is a fermented mixture of cow dung and urine (of desi breeds), jaggery, pulses flour,
water and soil from the farm bund. This isn’t a fertilizer, but just a source of some 500 crore
micro-organisms that can convert all the necessary “non-available” nutrients into “available”
O
form.
• Bijamrita is a mix of desi cow dung and urine, water, bund soil and lime that is used as a seed
SC
treatment solution prior to sowing.

• Mulching, or covering the plants with a layer of dried straw or fallen leaves, is meant to
conserve soil moisture and keep the temperature around the roots at 25-32 degrees Celsius,
which allows the microorganisms to do their job.
• Waaphasa, or providing water to maintain the required moisture-air balance, also achieves
the same objective.
S
ZBNF was taken up first in Karnataka in India and also the farmers in Andhra Pradesh have
achieved good results with it. Himachal Pradesh has announced to adopt the same to increase
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the income of farmers by 2022.

The main advantage of the ZBNF is that people with even half an acre land can take it up. As most
of the farming land in India is divided into small pieces, this becomes a viable proposition and also
with the neo liberalisation of economy, many small scale farmers have fallen into debt traps. Therefore,
increased awareness among farmers and also pro activeness on the part of government by setting
up farmers cooperative societies will ensure better results. Also, with ZBNF even an infertile piece of
the land can be transformed into a fertile piece.
Also, ZBNF has to be taken along with inter cropping and also, water has to be stored in ponds for
adverse conditions.
Issues that need to be addressed in ZBNF:
However, not all farmers are convinced about ZBNF.
• The important concern is “the cost of labour for collection of dung and urine, apart from the
other inputs used in preparation of Jiwamrita, Neemastra or Bramhastra is very high”
• Keeping cows is also a cost that has to be accounted for. Very few farmers can afford to keep
desi cows that yield very little milk.
• It is hard to explain it to fellow farmers and had to “face taunts” as there was no guidance
and market for organic produce in rural areas.
• It points out that if ZBNF is practiced in isolation, the crop grown would be vulnerable to
attacks by insects and pests which may move there from fields where chemical pesticides are
being sprayed.
• It is where the government should step in and reduce dependence on middle men.
However it can be safely surmised that the pros outweigh the cons and therefore in a country like
India where around 54% of the population still relies on agriculture, Zero Budget Natural Farming
would be a good options going forward.
5. Discuss the role of women in agro-economic practices. Also discuss why they are treated as
second fiddle in agro-economic decisions?
According to food and agriculture organization, women’s contribution to agriculture in India stands
at over 32%. Agriculture thus has played big role in bringing women close to government’s initiatives
for updating skills in land management, ensuring or providing training in traditional female skills
visa-a-vis farms, credit progrmme for micro-enterprises and income generation schemes to bring
rural and poor women into market economy.
E
But, more ought to be done and achieved in terms of agricultural extension efforts to help women
improve food production while allowing them to shift more of their labour to revenue generation
and marketing of farm products OR
The rural women have not only been active in agricultural fields. They have ben actually employed
in most arduous field operations like
1. Sowing
2. Harvesting
SC
3. Threshing
4. Agro-processing
Traditionally, women in this sub-continent and especially in drier-belts have learnt the art of
protecting the health of soil through organic recycling. They have also promoted crop security through
the maintenance of diversity and imposed genetic resistance.
GS
The government of India has time and again emphasized on uplift of rural infrastructure and the
status of women in revenue generation- especially in agro-economy initiatives and food processing,
which are cornerstones of overall growth of Indian economy.
Almost entire post-harvest and agro-processing activities are performed by women in many states
such as Punjab, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal.
Operations like cleaning grading drying, storage are performed by women. Moreover, adoption of
modern inputs along with cultural practices has enabled the agricultural productivity.
The introduction of tractors has been a boon, as a result combined harvesting has been introduced
in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, UP, Gujarat Maharashtra and Karnataka.
To strengthen women’s participation in agriculture and allied activities, proper structural functional
and institutional measures are being promoted by the central government to empower women, to
build their abilities and to increase their access to input technology.
According to agri ministry- at least 21 techniques related to women were evaluated and over 2.5
lakh women were trained in agriculture related fields like animal husbandry and poultry.
Cultivation of horticulture crops is labour intensive and as such they generate a lot of employment
opportunities for the women population. Fruits and vegetables are not only used for domestic
consumption but also are processed into various products like pickles preserves sauces, jam, jelly
and squash etc.
Jal Sahiya
In Jharkhand, the state government has drawn out a scheme under which every village would
comprise a water and sanitation committee where in compulsorily there will be a woman member
from village.
Present status
On an average, an estimate shows that a woman spends 14 hours in and out of the house. During
harvesting, she spends about 16 hours a day. But when it comes to agro-economy decision in her
fields, women have less importance.
There are also because women have less access to information about technology due to their limitation
on educational status and relative isolation from public life. – often from modern tools of development
like computer, and use of tractors etc. Some officials at the state levels assay that there are various
occasions when suggestions of knowledgeable rural women are ignored or not taken seriously.
Thus there is a need to increase women’s role in agriculture and evolve a system. The issue is more
social than legislative or political.
Therefore policy changes needs to be tailor made based on local, requirements keeping in tune with
local sentiments and customs and traditions.
6. Divide the peninsular India into various agricultural regions. Explain the basis of such
regionalization.
RE
The peninsula India is mainly composed of Gondwana rocks with patches of Archean granites and
Deccan lavas. A large part of north-west plateau is covered with fertile black lava soil which is
extremely useful for growing cotton. Some other areas of Peninsular India are suitable for the
cultivation of Tea, Coffee, Rubber, millets, spices, tobacco and oilseeds. Some low lying areas are
O
suitable for growing rice. A variety of tropical fruits are also grown here.
To start with we have cash crops
SC
Cotton: Maharashtra is the largest producer and produces 30 percent of the total cotton production
of India. Maharashtra is the traditional producer of cotton. The lava soil of Deccan plateau is world
renowned for cotton production and is popularly known as the black cotton soil. Its main production
comes from Khandesh, Vidarbha and Marathwada regions. Apart from Maharashtra, Adilabad,
Kurnool, Anantapur districts in A.P. Raichur, Bellary and Gulbarga districts of Karnataka and
Coimbatore, Trichi, Salem, Madurai etc districts of T.N. are the other places which grow cotton.
S
Tobacco: Tobacco is another imp cash crop. It is a plant of tropical, sub-tropical climates. It requires
between 50-100 cm of rainfall. Andhra Pradesh is the traditional top producer of tobacco in the
country.
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Cereals:
Rice: Andhra Pradesh is the fourth largest producer of rice in India and is largest contributor from
Peninsula India. About one fourth of the total cropped area in the state is under rice cultivation.
Godavari-Krishna Delta and the adjoining coastal plains form one of the most outstanding rice
producing tracts of the country. In fact East-West Godavari district, and Krishna are three most
important rice producing districts not only of AP but of the whole of India as these areas have
abundant water resources, fertile alluvial soil of the delta and average temperature of 25-30degrees,
which are best suited for rice.
T.N. has the distinction of giving second highest yield in the country. This is mainly due to the effect
of Green Revolution-Package Technology. Thanjavur in Cauvery Delta is the second largest rice
producing district of the country. North-South Arcot, Salem, Tirunaveli, Tiruchirapalli are other
rice producing dists. Chattisgarh is known as the ‘Rice bowl’ of India. Chattisgarh basin drained by
the Mahanadi is the main rice producing region in the state. Odisha, Karnataka, And Maharashtra
are minor contributors of Rice.
Wheat: Wheat grows well in the black soil of Deccan plateau. It is a rabi crop and is sown in
months of September -October in Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states of Peninsular
India.
Maize: Maize is an inferior grain which is used as both food and fodder. It is a rain fed crop and
requiring 50-100cm of rain fall. It cannot be grown in regions with rain fall above 100cm. It grows
well drained red loamy soils. Hence dry semi arid regions ,of Peninsular India are best suitable for
its growth. Hence more than half of maize of India comes from Peninsular India. Madhya Pradesh
is the largest producer of maize. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka rapidly emerging as important producers
of maize in India.
Jowar: Jowar is grown both as kharif as well as a rabi crop.Jowar is a par excellence a rainfed crop
of dry farming areas where irrigation is not used.It grows well on sandy loamy soils.Maharashtra
far excels all other states and produces more than 54percent of the total jowar production of india.As
many as 22 dists. of Maharastra produce jowar.In Maharashtra plateau region, jowar is the staple
food of the people and two crops in a year are raised here.Karnataka is the second largets producer.
Jowar is widely grown in the north-eastern parts of the karnataka plateau.Mp is the third largets
producer, but lags far behind maharashtra.T.N. has the distinction of giving highest yield. Here
jowar is the second most important food crop after rice.A.P. has experienced a decrease in area of
production of jowar during last few years.
Other millets and pulses like ragi, gram, tuar -arhar which grow well on red loamy soils, and
require dry climate conditions with little rain fall are grown in dry belts of karnataka, maharashtra,
M.P, A.P.
E
Sugarcane: Sugarcane can grow on a variety of soils including clayey loams, black cottons, brown
reddish loams.It requires hot humid climate with rainfall ranging b/w 75-150cm.On the basis of
conditions of growth two belts of sugarcane cultivation can be identified in peninsular india.
OR
i) The black soil belt from Maharashtra to tamil nadu (including karnataka) along eastern slopes
of the western ghats.
ii) Coastal Andhra and the krishna valley.
Plantations:
SC
Tea, Coffee: Conditions for the two are same.Both are tropical, sub- tropical plants and thrive well
in hot humid climate. The ideal temperature for the is 20-30 degrees. Temp above 35degrees and
below 10 degrees is harmful for them.stagnant water is harmful for them and are grown on hill
slopes at elevation from 600 to 1600 metres above sea level.
In Peninsular India Nilgiri, Cardamom, Palni, Annamalai hills belt in T.N., Karnataka, kerala are
under Tea plantations.
GS
Karnataka is the largest producer of tree, with Baba Budan hills being the first place where coffee
was grown in the country.Kerala,T.N.occupying second and third places.About half of T.N.’s coffee
is produced in Nilgiri dist.
Rubber: Rubber is a quick growing tall tree acquiring 20-30 meters height. It requires hot and
humid climate with temperature of 25- 35 degrees C and annual rainfall of over 200cm, should be
well distributed through out the year.Deep well drained loamy soils on the hill slopes at elevation of
300-400mts above sea level provide best conditions for its growth.
Hence Kerala is the largest producer of natural rubber, producing 92 percent of total rubber
production of the country.Kottayam,kozikhode, ernakulam dists. produce practically all the rubber
of this state.Hills of T.N and Karnataka occupy second and third places, but lag far behind kerala.
Spices:
Pepper: Among spices ,black pepper ,”the king of spices” is the most dollar earning crop. It is a
tropical plant which requires temp ranging 10-30degrees. A well distributed rainfall 200-300cm
helps. The plant grows as a vine and need support of other trees for its growth.It thrives well on
deep friable, well drained loamy soils overlaying lateritic hill tops of western ghats. India is the
second largest producer of pepper after Indonesia.Its production solely comes from Peninsular india.
Kerala is the largest producer.Though all the dists. of kerala produce pepper, but it comes from
kannur dist. followed by kottayam.Karnataka, T.N. are distant second and third producers.
Cardomom the “queen of aromatic spices” also requires the same conditions as pepper for its growth,
hence the same producers as pepper.
Chilli: is another imp spiceIt requires moderate rainfall.And can be grown on black cotton soils and
loamy soils. Andhra pradesh produces half of all Indian production. Guntur, Warangal, Prakasam,
being main chilli producing dists.
Turmeric is the native of tropical lands.A.P. is the largest producer, producing half of country’s
produce. karnataka, T.N. second and third.
Horticulture:
Cashewnut: Cashew requires avg temp fom 16-25 degrees. It can be easily grown on poor rocky
soils of west coast a,d sandy soils of east coast. Kerala, T.N.,A.P. are the major producers. Mango: is
a native of monsoon lands.In peninsular india it is grown in AP, Maharastra karnataka, T.N.
Banana, Orange, grape are other tropical fruits well suited to be grown in tropical climates of
Peninsular India. And are contributed by AP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, T.N. regions.

RE
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SC
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GEOGRAPHY TEST SERIES 2022

• There are Seven questions.

• Candidate has to attempt all questions.

• The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.

• Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.

Attempt all questions:

• Production of honey, pollen, beeswax, royal jelly, venom

• Proper utilization of natural resources, encouraging biodiversity and ecological awareness.

Role in Rural Development

[2] Hints: Geography

• Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides, weedicides.

• The credit and insurance penetration in the sector is low.

Hints: Geography [3]

treatment solution prior to sowing.

the income of farmers by 2022.

[4] Hints: Geography

Hints: Geography [5]

[6] Hints: Geography

Hints: Geography [7]

[8] Hints: Geography

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