SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS

Final Output

Name: Jessrelle O. Gumawa Course: BSEd 3D

Name of Output: Nuclear Phenomena Date Submitted: June 30, 2023

SA No. 1
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in (a) 3He, (b) 12C, and (c)
Pb?
206

(a) 3He
Protons = 2
Neutrons = 3 - 2 = 1
Electrons = 2

(b) 12C
Protons = 6
Neutrons = 12 - 6 = 6
Electrons = 6

(c) Pb
206

Protons = 82
Neutrons = 206 - 82 = 124
Electrons = 82
 SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS
Final Output

Name: Jessrelle O. Gumawa Course: BSEd 3D

Name of Output: Nuclear Phenomena Date Submitted: June 30, 2023

SA No. 2
Cobalt-60 (60Co) is often used as a radiation source in medicine. It has a half-life of
5.25 years. How long after a new sample is delivered will its activity have decreased to
about one-eight its original value?

Given:
T1/2 = 5.25 yr
A0 → Initial quantity
1
A(t) → Amount left after t years = A0
8

Find t (time undergone)

t
t1/2
Formula: A(t) = A0 ×
1
2 ()
Solution: t
1 5.25
=
1
8
A0 = A 0 ×
2()
t
1
= =
8 2 ()
1 5.25
t
5.25
log (18) = log ((12))
= log (18) = 5.25t × log (12)
3

log ( ) log ( )
1 1
8 2
t
= = ×
log ( ) log ( )
1 5.25 1
2 2

t
=3=
5.25

Þ t = 3 × 5.25 = 15.75 yrs.

 SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS
Final Output

Name: Jessrelle O. Gumawa Course: BSEd 3D

Name of Output: Nuclear Phenomena Date Submitted: June 30, 2023

SA No. 3
A protective shield is equivalent to 2 HVL. By how much is radiation intensity
reduced?

Given:
d=2m

Find I

Formula: I µ (1/d2)

Solution:
I µ (1/d2)
I µ (1/22)
I µ 0.25 m
 SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS
Final Output

Name: Jessrelle O. Gumawa Course: BSEd 3D

Name of Output: Nuclear Phenomena Date Submitted: June 30, 2023

SA No. 4
X-rays of wavelength 10.0 x 10-12 m are incident on a surface. Find the wavelength
of the X- rays when scattered at 900.

Given:
l = 10.0 × 10-12 m
h = 6.626 × 10-34 J·s
m = 9.109 × 10-31 kg
c = 3×108 m/s
Θ = 90°

Find l‘

Formula: l‘ - l = (h/mc) × (1-cosθ)

Solution:

Substitute the values into Compton scattering formula, we get:

l‘ - l = (h/mc) × (1-cosθ)
l‘ - 10 × 10-12 m = (h/mc) × (1-cos 90°)
l‘ - 10 × 10-12 m = h/mc

Now, we need to solve for l‘ by rearranging the equation:

l‘ = l + h/mc
l‘ = 10 × 10-12 m + (6.626 × 10-34 J·s / (9.109 × 10-31 kg)(3×108 m/s))
l‘ = 10 × 10-12 m + 0.00243 × 10-12 m
l‘ = 10.00243 × 10-12 m

Therefore, the wavelength of the X-rays when scattered at 90° is approximately 10.00243 x
10-12 m.
 SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS
Final Output

Name: Jessrelle O. Gumawa Course: BSEd 3D

Name of Output: Nuclear Phenomena Date Submitted: June 30, 2023

SA No. 5
Write the equation for the indicated decay events:
208 35 S 37 Ar
(a) Alpha decay of Po, (b) Beta minus decay of , (c) Electron capture of , & (d)
84 16 18
37 K
Beta plus decay of .
19

208
(a) Alpha decay of Po
84

A 4 4
Equation: XP → A−¿ Z−¿ ¿¿ XD + He
Z ¿ 2 2

Solution:
208 204 4
Po → Pb + He
84 82 2

35 S
(b) Beta minus decay of
16

A A
Equation: XP → XD + e- + ve
Z Z+1

Solution:
35 S 35
→ Cl e- + ve
16 17

37 Ar
(c) Electron capture of
18
 SCIE 17 MODERN PHYSICS
Final Output

A A
Equation: XP + e - → XD + v e
Z Z−1

Solution:
37 Ar - 37
+ e → Cl + ve
18 17

37 K
(d) Beta plus decay of
19

A A
Equation: XP → XD + e+ + ve
Z Z−1

Solution:
37 K 37 Ar
→ + e + + ve
19 18