Green Steam:

Firing Hydrogen in
your Watertube Boiler
Paul Brown
VP of Custom Boiler Applications
Normand Bujold
VP of Application and Technology

February 23, 2022

 Decarbonization Renewable Fuels

Key Sustainability Drivers

Energy Efficiency Emissions Reduction

 Agenda
Green Steam:
Firing Hydrogen in Your Watertube Boiler
AGENDA # SECTION

1 Introductions

2 Applications Overview

3 Common Questions

4 Effect On Boiler Design

5 Effect On Key Boiler Performance Measurables

6 Fuel Supply

7 Combustion and Burners

8 Emissions

9 Applications

3 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Introductions

Normand Bujold
Vice President Applications and Technology

Paul Brown
Vice President Custom Boiler Applications

Just a couple mechanical engineers

each with close to 30 years of experience
in the industrial boiler and combustion industry.
Talking about boilers and burners is
what we do for fun.

4 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Introductions

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 Before We Get Started

Fun Fact #7183 Fun Fact #7184

Termites are being researched as a possible renewable It is an exciting time to be in
energy source as they can produce up to 2 liters of the world in general and in the
hydrogen from ingesting a single sheet of paper, making power / boiler / combustion
them one of the planet’s most efficient bioreactors. industry specifically!

It doesn’t get any better than

addressing the challenges
and ever-changing ideas that
we see on a daily basis!

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Impact on the
Boiler
 Applications

1 Plant Auxiliary Boilers

2 Process Boilers

3 Cogeneration

4 Heating Boilers

5 …..

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 Applications

Industrial
Watertube
Boilers Heat Recover
Steam Generators
Firetube (HRSG)
Boilers

9 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2021 Cleaver-Brooks Inc. All rights reserved.
 Common
Questions
 Most Common Questions
Can you fire
Hydrogen?
How much
Hydrogen
can I fire?

Does anyone
have experience
Can I meet firing Hydrogen?
Emissions?

Does it
How does it change my
affect boiler boiler design?
performance?

11 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Most Important Answer
Good News!
Not only can we fire Hydrogen, we have been firing it for years!

12 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Design
More Good News!
Today’s package watertube boilers are already
ideally designed for Hydrogen Firing

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 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Design
Furnace Tube Temperatures

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 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Design
Hydrogen Accumulation

FURNACE

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 Effect on Key Boiler
Performance Measurables
 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Performance

Typical Application
Steam Capacity: 100,000 lbs/hr
Steam Pressure: 600 PSIG
Steam Temperature: 750º F
Fuel: Natural Gas vs. Pure Hydrogen

Important Performance Parameters

• Boiler Efficiency
• Steam Temperature
• Auxiliary Electric Load

17 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Performance

Typical Application: 100,000 lbs/hr – 600 PSIG - 750° F

Boiler Efficiency – Steam Temperature – Auxiliary Power Requirements

Natural Gas Firing Hydrogen Firing

Boiler HHV Efficiency 84% 79.5%

Boiler LHV Efficiency 93% 94.1%

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 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Performance

Typical Application: 100,000 lbs/hr – 600 PSIG - 750° F

Boiler Efficiency – Steam Temperature – Auxiliary Power Requirements

Natural Hydrogen
Gas Firing Firing
Superheated
750° F 730° F
Steam Temp

19 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
 Effect of Hydrogen Firing on Boiler Performance

Typical Application: 100,000 lbs/hr – 600 PSIG - 750° F

Boiler Efficiency – Steam Temperature – Auxiliary Power Requirements

Natural Gas Firing Hydrogen Firing

Forced Draft Fan
350 HP 250 HP
Horsepower

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 Combustion
Equipment
Considerations
Combustion Equipment Considerations

1. Fuel supply systems

2. Combustion and burners
3. Emissions
4. Applications
 Fuel Supply Systems, Volumetric Flow

Natural Gas Hydrogen

MW (lb/mol) 17 2
Heating Value
BTU/SCF
1,040 320

Typically low H2 supply pressure

Larger H2 fuel piping

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 Fuel Supply Systems, Safety

Natural Gas Hydrogen

MW (lb/mol) 17 2
LFL / UFL
(%vol, in air)
5 / 15 4 / 75

MIE (mJ) 0.28 0.019

Area Classification,
NFPA 497

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 Combustion and Burners, Flame Temperature

Natural Gas Hydrogen

Product of
CO2 + 2 H2O H2O
combustion
BTU/lb (LHV) 20,263 52,217
Lb air/MMBTU
800 664
(LHV)
Adiabatic flame
3562 4089
temperature

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Combustion and Burners, Flame Dynamics

Natural Gas Hydrogen

%LFL / %UFL 5 / 15 4 / 75
Velocity (ft/sec) 1.22 9.55
 Combustion and Burners, Burner Design

» Avoid recirculations
» Use specifically designed
injectors
» Avoid low velocities
» Use high temperature materials

Parts life expectancy 10 years+

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 Emissions

» No CO
» No VOC/TOC
» No GHG
» No Particulates
» Higher NOX than NG

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 Emissions Control

NOx Emission Control:

1. Induced FGR
2. SCR

29 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2021
2022 Cleaver-Brooks
The Cleaver-Brooks
Inc. All
Company,
rights reserved.
Inc.. All rights reserved.
Applications
 Applications

600 HP Firetube, NG/H2

» NG only
» H2 only
» NG co-fired with H2

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 75 KPPH, D-type, 90 MMBTUH, NG, #2 oil and H2,

Firing mode:
• NG only
• #2 oil only
• NG/H2
• #2 oil/H2
20:1 turndown on H2

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 Applications

432 MMBTUH, (2) burners,

NG with up to 65% H2,
25 ppm NOX.

33 This document is proprietary and confidential. If you are not the intended recipient any use or circulation of this document is not permitted and may be cause for legal action. © 2022 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc.. All rights reserved.
205 MMBTUH Duct Burner
 Any Questions?
Normand Bujold Paul Brown
Vice President of Application and Technology Vice President of Custom Boiler Applications
nbujold@cleaverbrooks.com pbrown@cleaverbrooks.com