RE-USE EXISTING

INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR CLEAN ENERGY
Always Available Energy

MICHAEL ORSHAN
BREEZE INC.
 TABLE OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

KEY FINDINGS

VISUAL DATA

CONCLUSION

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 2

 INTRODUCTION
The world is in a race to lower the amount of greenhouse gases.
Solar and wind energy are perceived as our best chance, but they
need to move 6x faster. There are too many bottlenecks to
deploy these fast enough to make a difference. Other
technologies such as hydrogen, chemical batteries, or
mechanical solutions are either in R&D or have extraordinary
costs today. Meanwhile the earth is warming and in the next 5
years will reach 1.5 Celsius above pre-industrial global heating.
When this is reached our health, livelihoods, food security, water
supply, human security, and economic growth are at risk.

There is a solution, currently off-the-shelf, that will store energy to

solve intermittency, transport energy to alleviate transmission, and
generate without producing greenhouse gases or using water.

Today 25% of all greenhouse gases and 43% water used happen during the
generation of electricity.

The solution, by Breeze Inc., is using

compressed air in pipelines (CAPS).
Oil, gas, and even hydrogen is now
moved from source to destination
in pipelines using compressed air.
Our proposition is to remove the oil,
gas, and hydrogen.
This solution uses infrastructure that already exists, so the CAPEX is
low. Today it is well maintained lowering OPEX. Also, one of the largest
work forces in the US already uses all this technology. Using idle and
new pipelines will scale and make a global warming difference.

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 3

 METHODOLOGY
3M miles of pipelines exist in the US today. About 25% are always idle and this number is
growing as gas volumes decline due to renewable replacements. There are 125k miles of
large diameter pipelines. If they were filled with compressed air, we could enjoy 500GWh of
energy with one compression. That shows how much CAPS scales. These are owned by
pipeline vendors, oil/gas companies, utilities, and more than thought are abandoned. Many are
on tribal lands and under dispute. There are requests to tear down pipelines at over $1M a
mile. Reusing these to generate power for underserved markets is a much better solution.

To make this work compressors need a source of

power. This can be renewable or to start off with grid Source of
1
power. There are innovations that use a mechanical Power
only solution. The compressed air goes into the Compressed
2
air to pipeline
pipeline, as it does today, but this time without fossil
Release
fuels. This compression causes heat that will be 3
the air
saved to a heat exchanger. When needed the air is Spin turbines
released as cold air. The air will go through the heat to create 4
electricity
exchanger, then through the expander to the turbine.

The turbine will spin to create electricity. This will be sent to existing or new
distribution systems or to a dedicated user. Pipelines can be less than a mile or
1000 miles. Equipment needs to be sized for the solution. That cold air can be used
for cooling solutions for data centers, refrigeration, or buildings.

The above allows for storage, transport, and generation. The storage costs $44 per kwh
compared to $300 per kwh. Now there are additional services that can be added. The laws
of gas include extreme heat during compression and cold during release. We can use
these intermittent resources. The heat can be used for manufacturing drying applications
or even cooking. This could be at 400F but needs to be sized for the application. As
exhaust we could have cold air, maybe -20F. This can be shipped to a data center or
building for cooling or used for refrigeration. We can even just pass through compressed
air for factory pneumatics.

The process can request compression at any time. These services can be independent
of generation, supply air, and then recharge itself at the same time. Think about EV
stations that need to deal with batteries supply and then stopping to recharge. This
process can charge and recharge at the same time. Also, we can have wires inside the
pipelines for telecommunications.

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 Benefits of CAPS

1 Air stays in pipelines until you need it

Heat of compression can be used for

2
industrial purposes

Cold air at release can be used for cooling,

3
refrigeration, or ice. Can even freeze CO2.

Can move pneumatics straight through to a

4
manufacturing plant

Can put wires and compressed air into the

5
pipelines together

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 5

 CASE STUDIES
MIDSTREAMER, ALBERTA CANADA

Description:
Total Risk Level 6 (TRL 6), large prototype deployed
in natural environment on a pre-existing, idle pipeline.
Energy stored for Behind The Meter (BTM) energy
arbitrage at mid-streamer’s facilities.

Technical Description:

o Pipeline diameter: 3.5” o Cycling:

o Pipeline length: 2.13 km
o Heat medium: Water
o Power capacity: 5 kw
o Storage capacity:
o On-taker: Grid
o Off-taker: Owner’s plant
1. Compression: TBD
2. Generation: TBD
o Start date: In progress.
o End date: September 30, 2023
o Price: $75k cost project

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 MAJOR AIRPORT, ALBERTA CANADA

Description:
CAPS complete solution will compress air at a solar
field in Calmar, store the energy until needed and
transmit that energy to be generated at an airport, 26
miles away. Industrial greenhouses will use the
excess heat and water nearby. The airport will use
the electricity generated and the cool air by-product
from the expansion/generation process. Second,
idle pipeline available for capacity expansion.

Technical Description:

o Pipeline diameter: 16”

o Pipeline length: 50 Miles
o Pipeline Owner: Top 10
pipeline vendor
o Heat medium: Water
o Power capacity: 8 MW o Start date: February, 2024
o Storage capacity: 40 MW o End date: April, 2025
o On-taker: Solar farm o Price: $15.34M
o Off-taker: Airport
o Cycling:
1. Compression: 19 hours, 408,500 nm3/day
2. Generation: 5 hours, , 400,000 nm3/day

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 7

 CAMPUS RESILIENCE; MINNESOTA

Description:
The owners are seeking off-the grid (on an island)
energy storage to support this facility’s energy needs
for 14 days. This solution can be expanded to
provide a micro-grid energy storage and
transmission with 3 campuses.

Technical Description:

o Pipeline diameter: 34” o On-taker: TBD

o Pipeline length: 192 miles o Off-taker: Public facility
o Pipeline Owner: Top 10 o Cycling: Long duration
pipeline vendor energy storage
o Heat medium: Water o Start date: TBD
o Power capacity: 25 MW max o End date: TBD
o Storage capacity: 694 MWh o Price: $35.5M

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 8

 GRAPHS
PIPE DIAMETER VS CAPACITY FOR 200 MILES
Pipeline Diameter (NPS) Storage Capacity*(MWh) Power Capacity (MW) CAPEX *($USD M)

48 1296
12 90 66

42 992
11 69 58

40 900
10 63 55

38 812
9 56 52

36 729
8 51 50

34 650
7 45 47

32 576
6 40 44

30 506
5 35 41

24 324
4 23 33

20 225
3 16 28

18 182
2 13 25

16 144
1 10 22

CAPS is the LCOEnergy CAPS is the LCOPower

$780
$3,300
$3,200
$800 $500 $4.000
$1,000 $2,000
$600 $300 $300 $3.000 $1,500
$1,000
$400 $44 $112
$2.000
$200 Energy
$1.000 Power
$- $/Kwh $- $/mw

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 GRAPHS
PIPE DIAMETER VS CAPACITY FOR 200 MILES
Pipeline Diameter (NPS) Storage Capacity*(MWh) Power Capacity (MW) CAPEX *($USD M)

66

90

58
69
55
63
52
56
50
51
47
45 1296
44
40
41
35 992
33 900
812
729
28 23 650
25 576
506
22 16
13
324
10
225
182
144

16 18 20 24 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 48

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CAPS is the LCOEnergy CAPS is the LCOPower

$780
$3,300
$3,200
$800 $500 $4.000
$600 $300 $300 $3.000 $1,000
$1,500
$2,000

$400 $44 $112

$2.000 $1,000

$200 Energy
$1.000 Power
$- $/Kwh $- $/mw

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 GHGs by industry

Power Stations
16,80%
21,30%
Waste Disposal Treatment
Land use & Biomass Burning
14,00% 3,40% Residential, Commercial & other Sources
10,00% Fossil Fuel Retrieval, Processing & Distribution
12,50%
Agricultural by products
10,30%
Transportation Fuels
11,30%
Industrial Process

Keynote Report: Annual outages analysis 2023

Third-party providers – for example, software as a service (SaaS), hosting and cloud providers – is
creeping up, reflecting a greater use of cloud. SaaS and colocation. Further underlying causes are
discussed below.

Figure 4 | Leading causes of significant outages

What was the primary cause of your organization’s most recent impactful incident or outage?

Power IT systems (hardware software) Cooling Fire / fire suppression

Security-related information Third-party provider Not known Network

1% 14% 2% 14%
1% 17%
5% 37% 7% 43% 8% 44%
2% 2020 4% 2021 2022
(n=152) (n=187) 4% (n=140)
4% 3%
2%
13% 14% 13%
22% 14% 13%

(All figures rounded)

UPTIME INSTITUTE GLOBAL SURVEY OF IT Power and cooling cause the most outages
AND DATA CENTER MANAGERS 2020-2022

Global Annual Passenger EV Companies mentioned in this report:

Battery Demand (GWh) Afeela, BYD, CATL, Ford, General Motors,
GlobalFoundries, HiNa, NIO, Quantumscape,
Stellantis, Tesla, Vulcan Energy, Xpeng

RETHINK TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

As battery demand rises and supplies dwindle,
pricing should rise.

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 11

 CONCLUSION
The difficulty to transition from fossil to clean energy is scaling. Solar is
available 50% of the time and has manufacturing bottlenecks in making wafers
to modules. Wind is available 65% of the time and has similar bottlenecks in
manufacturing. This usage of compressed air is always available.

SMOOTHING AND AIR BATTERY

CAPS can be used to smooth the operations when either
solar or wind are unavailable. Then at night the pipeline air
can be used as an air battery to be recharged when solar or
wind are available.

INSTANT INERTIA ENERGY

As renewables enter the grid, they are creating a yoyo effect
with the power plants who need to take over when the
renewables are unavailable. However, the plant needs to keep
the turbines spinning without selling the electricity because the
startup is so expensive. CAPS is almost-instant inertia that will
save a tremendous amount of fossil fuels.

BLACK STARTS
As the number of natural disasters grow due to global
warming, there is a growing need to prepare for these events.
The compressed air will stay in the pipelines until you need it.
An underground pipeline network can be oversized in
challenged areas. When disaster strikes there will be stored
energy and the recharging can be 100’s of miles away where
way it should be safer.

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 CONTACT US

https://www.breezesqueeze.com/

info@breezesqueeze.com

©2023 by Breeze Inc. 2023 Copyright protected 13