Unn Siwes Industrial Training Report 2022

Table of Contents
DEDICATION………………………………………………. ………………………………………… I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………… …………………………………………………… II
ABSTRACT………………………………… ……………………………………………………………III
CHAPTER ONE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....………5
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
1.1 SIWES: AN OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
1.2 HISTORY OF SIWES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
1.5 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF SIWES……………………………………………………………………………………8
1.5.1 THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………8
1.5.2 ROLES OF SUPERVISING AGENCIES (NUC, NBTE, NCCE)…………………………………………..9
1.5.3 ROLES OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)………………………………………………...9
1.5.4 ROLES OF INDUSTRY/EMPLOYERS…………………………………………………………………….9
1.5.5 ROLES OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS…………………………………………………………………..9
1.5.6 ROLES OF STUDENTS……………………………………………………………………………………10
CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10
2.0 AN OVERVIEW OF PLACE OF ATTACHMENT…………………………………………………………………………………10
2.1 CORPORATE DIRECTION…………………………………………………………….………10
2.1.1 VISION…………………………………………………………………...…………………….10
2.1.2 MISSION……………………………………………………………………………………….11
2.1.3 OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………………………………………..11
2.1.4 CLIENTELE……………………………………………………………………...…………….11
2.2.0 SCOPE OF OPERATIONS………………………………………………………………….…13
2.2.1 SURVEYING AND
MAPPING…………………………………………………………………………………………….13
CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14
3.0 PROPERTY/CADASTRAL SURVEY FOR MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL ALONG NDEGWU
OKUKU ROAD OWERRI WEST……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………14
3.1 AIM OF THE SURVEY…………………………………………………………………………..14
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OKEHI PRINCEWILL UGONNA – 2018/250035
3.2 CLIENT……………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.3 ORDER OF THE JOB……………………………………………………………………………..15
3.4 LOCATION OF THE JOB…………………………………………………………………….…..15
3.5 DURATION AND WEATHER CONDITION…………………………………………...…….…15
3.6 INSTRUMENTATION, PERSONNEL AND MATERIALS USED…………………………..…15
3.6.1 INSTRUMENTATION…….………………………………………………………….…….…..15
3.6.2 PERSONNEL…………………………………………………………………………………....15
3.6.3 MATERIALS USED…………………………………………………………………………….16
3.7 METHODOLOGY AND FIELD PROCEDURE..………………………………………………..16
3.7.1 RECONNAISSANCE……………………………………………………………………….…..16
3.7.2 FIELD PROCEDURE…………………………………………………………………………..17
3.8 MONUMENTATION…………………………………………………………………...………..18
3.9 DATA PROCESSING……………………………………………………………………..……..19
3.9.1 TRAVERSE COMPUTATION……………………………………………………………..….19
3.9.2 ANGULAR REDUCTION/ADJUSTMENT………………………………………………...…19
3.10 CAPPING OF BEACONS……………………………………………………………..………..29
3.11 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED……………………………………………………………..….30
CHAPTER FOUR..................................................................................................................................................... 30
TOPOGRAPHIC/CONTOUR SURVEY FOR VALOUR GARDEN ESTATE OBINZDE ALONG OBINZE-
UMUOKANNE ROAD, UMUOKANNE IMO STATE………………………………………………………………………………………30
4.0.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….………..30
4.1.0 AIM OF THE SURVEY……………………………………………………………………..…….30
4.2.0 LOCATION OF THE SURVEY……………………………………………………......................30
4.3.0 CLIENT……………………………………………………………………………………….....…30
4.4.0 DATE, TIME AND WEATHER CONDITION…………………………………………………...30
4.5.0 ORDER OF SURVEY………………………………………………… …………………….…….30
4.6.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEY………………...……………………………………………….30
4.7.0 PLANNING AND MOBILIZATION……………………...…………………………………..…..30
4.8.0
PLANNING………………………………………………………………………………………………30
4.8.1
RECONNAISSANCE…………………………………………………………………………………….30
4.8.2 CASTING OF BENCHMARKS…………………………………......................................………..31
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4.8.3 FIXING OF PERIMETER
PEGS………………………………………………………………………………………………………31
4.9.0 MOBILIZATION...............................................................................................................................31
4.10.0 PERSONNEL, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS USED..............................................31
4.10.1 PERSONNEL...................................................................................................................................31
4.10.2 INSTRUMENTATION....................................................................................................................31
4.10.3 MATERIALS USED........................................................................................................................32
4.11.0 DATA ACQUISITION....................................................................................................................32
4.11.1 DETERMINATION OF THE BENCHMARK 3D COORDINATES.............................................32
4.11.3 PERIMETER/BOUNDARY SURVEY...........................................................................................34
4.12.0 DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION.............................................................................47
4.13.0 DATA PROCESSING......................................................................................................................47
4.13.1 GRIDDING REPORT......................................................................................................................48
4.14.0 PRESENTATION............................................................................................................................49
4.14.1 PERIMETER AND CONTOUR PLAN USING AUTOCAD.........................................................49
4.14.2 3D WIREFRAME MAP OF THE LAND USING SURFER........................................................49
4.15 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED............................................................................................................50
CHAPTER FIVE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………50
REPORT ON VALOUR GARDEN ESTATE LAYOUT SURVEY........................................................................... 50
5.1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................50
5.1.1 AIM OF THE LAYOUT SURVEY...................................................................................................51
5.2.0 LOCATION OF THE LAYOUT.......................................................................................................51
5.3.0 SIZE OF THE LAYOUT...................................................................................................................51
5.4.0 CLIENT..............................................................................................................................................51
5.5.0 DATE AND DURATION..................................................................................................................51
5.6.0 ORDER OF SURVEY:......................................................................................................................51
5.7.0 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SURVEY:...........................................................................................51
5.8.0 PLANNING AND MOBLIZATION.................................................................................................51
5.9.0 PLANNING........................................................................................................................................51
5.9.1 RECONNAISSANCE........................................................................................................................51
5.9.2 CONTROL EXECUTION.................................................................................................................52
5.9.3 STEEL TAPE CALIBRATION.........................................................................................................52
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5.10.0 MOBILIZATION.............................................................................................................................52
5.11.0 PERSONNEL, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS USED..............................................52
5.11.1 PERSONNEL...................................................................................................................................52
PERSONNEL..............................................................................................................................................52
5.11.2 INSTRUMENTATION....................................................................................................................52
5.11.3 MATERIALS USED........................................................................................................................53
5.12.0 METHODOLOGY/ LAYOUT SURVEY PROCEDURE...............................................................53
5.13.0 OFFICE PLANNING WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY..................................................................53
5.13.1 PERIMETER SURVEY...................................................................................................................53
5.13.1.1 CONNECTING THE BASE TO ROVER....................................................................................54
5.13.1.2. NAVIGATING THE POINT.......................................................................................................54
5.13.2 DESIGN OF AREA IN PLOTS.......................................................................................................55
5.13.3 BACK COMPUTATION USING SURVEY WORLD...................................................................55
5.13.4 SETTING-OUT ON THE GROUND..............................................................................................55
5.13.5 BURYING BEACONS AND MONUMENTATION......................................................................56
5.14. BULLDOZING OF LAYOUT ROADS............................................................................................56
5.15 WRITING OF THE LAYOUT BEACON NUMBERS......................................................................57
5.16 VALOUR GARDEN LAYOUT PLAN..............................................................................................57
5.17 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED..........................................................................................................58
5.18.0 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................58
CHAPTER SIX…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….58
BENEFITS FROM SIWES....................................................................................................58
I. Exposure on the use of Survey Instruments.............................................................................58
II. Exposure and improved knowledge on the use of some Surveying software..................59
III. Improvement in setting up (leveling and centering) a survey instrument on a tripod over
a point:.......................................................................................................................................................59
IV. Administrative Knowledge...........................................................................................................59
V. Plotting of Red Copy Plan.............................................................................................................60
6.3 PERSONAL CHALLENGES OF SIWES................................................................................61
6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................61
6.5 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................62
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Industrial training scheme serves as a platform for involving students practical- wise with the help of theoretical
foundation already established in the course of their academic pursuit. It is a known fact that students cannot be
equipped adequately within the confines of the university especially a student studying Geo-informatics and
Surveying that is highly in demand for the technical know-how and the practical skill aspect of executing
projects in this discipline cause there’s an extent to which one can learn in the university. Industrial training
scheme provides the link where student can move from theoretical foundation already established in the course
of their academic pursuit to the stage where students will be exposed to the real life practical skill sets and not
just the skill set aspect but also in day to day running of activities in a firm, organization or company.
1.1 SIWES: AN OVERVIEW

SIWES an acronym for Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme is one of the co-operative education
programmes of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). It was established in 1973 and form part of the approved
minimum Academic Standard Set for degree programmes in all Nigerian higher institution. SIWES is a Skills
Training Program designed to expose and prepare students of Universities, Polytechnics/College of
Technology/ College of Agriculture and Colleges of Education of the Industrial Work situation they are likely
to meet after graduation.
Fig 1.0: SIWES Logo
Prior to the establishment of the scheme, employers criticized that graduates bring sufficient theoretical
knowledge to the job but that they generally lack hands-on or practical skills that would make them productive.
The need to combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills in order to produce results and to be productive
is a rationale for initiating and designing the scheme. Students offering professional courses spend six months
or more during their penultimate graduate year on training in an industry relevant to their academic programme.
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This training is designed to supplement their theoretical learning as they are exposed to the field were they have
opportunity to put into practice theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom. This enables to appreciate real
life problem facing industries in Nigeria and other parts of the world. Also, the scheme affords the students the
opportunity of familiarizing themselves with the needed experience in handling equipment and machineries
used in the fields that usually not available in their institutions. The students are made to acquire sufficient
practical knowledge that will help them to be productive with little or no further training in the field of
specialization.
1.2 HISTORY OF SIWES

The Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was founded in 1973 with 748 students from 11
institutions of higher learning. By 1978 the scope of participation in the scheme had increased to 5,000 students
from 32 institutions. The industrial fund however, withdrew from the management of the scheme in 1979 owing
problems of organization logistics and the increased financial burden associated with rapid extension of SIWES
(I.T.F 2003). Consequently, the Federal Government funded the scheme through the National University
Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) who managed SIWES for five
years (1979-1984). The supervising Agency (NUC and NBTE) operated the scheme in conjugation with their
respective institutions during this period. The scheme was subsequently reviewed by the Federal Government
resulting to Decree No. 16 of August 1985 which required that all students enrolled in specialized engineering
technical, business, applied science and applied arts should have supervised industrial attachment as part of
their studies. In the same vein the ITF was directed by the Federal Government to take charge and resume
responsibility for the management of SIWES in collaboration with the supervising agencies that is the National
University Commission (NUC), the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) and the National
Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE). Following the resumption of management of SIWES by the
ITF in 1984, the scheme has witnessed rapid expansion between “1985-1995”. The numbers of institution and
students participating in SIWES rose to 141 and 57,433 respectively. Between 1995 and 2000 the total
institutions which participated in SIWES rose to 204 while participated in the scheme is limited science and
engineering and technology in technical education, agriculture, business, creative arts and design, computer
students and Economics are eligible.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objectives of Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) are to:
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i. Provide an avenue for students in Institutions of Higher Learning to acquire industrial skill and
experience in their course of study.
ii. Prepare students for the industrial work situation they are to meet after graduation.
iii. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be
available in their institutions.
iv. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students for later job
placement.
v. Provide students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby bridging
the gap between theory and practice. vi. Enlist and strengthen employer involvement in the entire
educational process and prepare students for employment in Industry and Commerce.
vi. It enhances students contact for later job placement (i.e. opportunity to meet future employers).
vii. Academic content of schools is improved as lecturers have the opportunity to evaluate the relevance of
training to the needs of industries
1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

The major benefits accruing to students who participate conscientiously in training are the competent skills they
acquire during the training. These relevant production skills (RPSs) remain a part of the recipients of industrial
training as life – long assets which cannot be taken away from them. Several other benefits can accrue to
students who participate in industrial training. These include the following:
i. Enhancing students’ appreciation of the connection between their courses of study and other related
disciplines in the production of goods and services.
ii. Making students appreciate the role of their professions as the creators of change and wealth and
indispensable contributors to growing the economy and national development.
iii. Exposure of students to the environment in which they will eventually work, thereby enabling them
learn how to organize works when handling a project. iii. Enabling students bridge the gap between the
knowledge acquired in institution and the relevant production skill (RPSs) required in work
organizations.
iv. Opportunity for students to blend theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom with practical
experiences.
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1.5 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF SIWES
GOVERNMENT
INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING COORDINATING
FUND AGENCIES
SIWES
EMPLOYERS INSTITUTION
STUDENTS
Figure 1.1: Relationship between SIWES and the parties involved.
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) in its organization comprises of many stakeholders
as follows:
i. Federal Government (Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry).

ii. Supervising/ Regulating Agencies (NUC, NBTE, NCCE).
iii. Industrial Training Fund (SIWES DIVISION).
iv. Tertiary Institutions
v. Industry/Employers.
vi. The Students.
1.5.1 THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

i. Make it a policy to include a clause in every major contract lasting over six to nine months being
awarded for contractors to take student on attachment.
ii. Make adequate funds available to the federal ministry of industry.
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iii. Make it mandatory for all ministries, companies and government parastatals to offer industrial
attachment places to students.
1.5.2 ROLES OF SUPERVISING AGENCIES (NUC, NBTE, NCCE)

i. Evolve minimum national guidelines in respect of supervised training activities for programme approval
for SIWES.
ii. Ensure that institutions abide by the SIWES operational guidelines.
iii. Monitor and review course eligible for SIWES. vi. In collaboration with ITF, compiles lists of
employers for institutions placement list.
iv. Ensure that functional SIWES coordinating units are established in the participating institution.
v. Encourage the appointment of full time industrial coordinator to operate the scheme in the institutions.
1.5.3 ROLES OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)

i. Compiles lists of employers and available training places for industrial attachment and forward such lists
to the coordinating agencies.
ii. Provide logistic materials needed to administer the scheme.
iii. Organize Bi-annual Conference and Seminars on SIWES.
1.5.4 ROLES OF INDUSTRY/EMPLOYERS

i. Control and discipline students attached in like manner as permanent staff.
ii. Appoint industry-based supervisor for students of SIWES.
iii. Accept students and assign them to the relevant departments of training.
iv. Pay students allowance when received from the ITF.
v. Grade students as provided for in the Assessment form (ITF 8) at the end of the programme and submit
same to institution.
vi. Permit representative of ITF and institution-based supervisors to visit the students on attachment.
1.5.5 ROLES OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

i. Organize orientation programmes for students to prepare them for industrial training.
ii. Prepare and submit master and placement lists to the coordinating agency and ITF.
iii. Place students on attachment with employers.
iv. Maintain separate Bank Accounts for SCHEME funding.
v. Supervise students on SIWES and award grades accordingly at end of training.
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vi. Submit ITF form 8 and compression reports on the scheme in respect of each student to the ITF at the
end of training.
vii. Appoint full-time SIWES coordinators to operate the scheme at the instrumental level.
1.5.6 ROLES OF STUDENTS

i. Submit logbook, report other SIWES documents required by the respective institutions at the end of the
training programme.
ii. Protect and safeguard employers properly throughout the period of training.
iii. Be regular and punctual at respective places of attachment.
iv. Comply with the Employers’ rules and regulations.
v. Keep proper record of training activities and other assignment in the logbooks.
vi. Arrange its own living accommodation during the period of attachment.
vii. Participate in the SIWES orientation programme before proceeding on industrial training.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 AN OVERVIEW OF PLACE OF ATTACHMENT
MACDOZ PROJECTS LIMITED was incorporated in 2020 and commenced business in the same 2020. It
has been active as a contracting and consulting company in the field of Surveying and Mapping, Civil
Engineering, Environmental and Procurement services.
 Address: No, 11b Wetheral Road Owerri, Owerri west L.G.A, Imo state.
 Registration number: RC: 1600917
 Telephone: +234 8067296955, +234 7081755129
 E-Mail: macdoz1791@gmail.com
 MD/CEO: Surv. Madu Emmanuel.O.
2.1 CORPORATE DIRECTION

2.1.1 VISION
MACDOZ PROJECTS LIMITED vision is to become one of the foremost indigenous professional
companies of international stature that will lead in the provision of surveying and mapping, Engineering,
Environmental and procurement service and in the training of personnel on information technology in
Nigeria and also fostering a conglomerate of professionals related to the environment that will
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brainstorm together and proffer cutting edge solutions to the problems that have bedeviled our
environment.
2.1.2 MISSION
services to the society and not just to the society but also to the community and state at large by
dedicating itself to the promotion and protection of the profession. And likewise deliberate efforts is
made to understand client’s individual peculiar needs and to deliver accordingly.
2.1.3 OBJECTIVES
 To promote public knowledge, faith, and reliance in the Registered Land Surveyors and their
work.
 To aid and encourage the interest of the younger members, Students, and employees of the
Registered Land Surveyors.
 To foster high standards of professional ethics and practice.
 To discourage unethical and illegal practices and professional abuses in the profession.
 To embrace and advance the study of the profession and educate Surveyors, their employees, and
future Surveyors by learning, unlearning and relearning through the medium of sophisticated
workshops.
2.1.4 CLIENTELE
Over these few years MACDOZ PROJECT LIMITED has established a growing reputation with many clients
in Nigeria for efficiency and completion of projects not just on time but also creating value for their clients.
Their targets include:
 Private companies and Individuals

 Governmental Departments and Parastatals
 Educational and Research Institutions
 Communities
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2.1.5 COMPANY ORGANOGRAM
MANAGING DIRECTOR
SURV. MADU
FIRM SUPERVISOR
SURV. AKPAN
RECEPTIONIST/ACCOUNTANT SECRETARY
MISS. IGWILO KELECHI MISS. SAMPSON JULIET
FIELD DRAUGHTMAN/CAD
FOREMAN/PUPIL SURVEYOR
OPERATOR
WORKERS/SURVEYORS OZURUMBA EMMANUEL
CHRISTIAN AFOMA
DRIVER/LOGISTICS
INSTRUMENT/STOREKEEEPER
MR. EMEKA NDUBUISI IT STUDENTS
MISS. IGWILO KELECHI
Fig 1.2: Organogram of Macdoz Projected Limited
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2.2.0 SCOPE OF OPERATIONS
The company is well diversified. Its activities are grouped into four divisions which are
 Surveying and Mapping

 Environmental
 Civil Engineering works
 Procurement
 Real Estate
2.2.1 SURVEYING AND MAPPING

The company is well endowed with the requisite personnel to carry out the following activities of this
division
 Execution of Cadastral, Engineering, Topographical Survey and Control Surveys as well as
Mapping.
 Provision of expert advice, representation of clients for the interest and the direct execution of
litigation and claims surveys.
 Production of maps using software such as Microstation, Survey world, AutoCAD, Arc-GIS, etc.
EQUIPMENT: LIST OF EQUIPMENT OWNED BY MACDOZ PROJECT LIMITED
S/N Equipment Name Qty Model No. Serial No.
1. Geo Max Total Station 1 Zoom 10 865968

2. Mato Total Station 1 MTS-602R 128300
3. Level (Leica) 1 NA24 C49155
4. Level (Auto Level Sokkia) 1 C320 A018934
5. CHCNAV DGPS 1 I73+ 3517339
6. Tribrach 2
7. Reflector Prisms 2
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8. Handheld G.P.S 2 Garmin 12 H
Etrex 10
9. Ranging Poles 4
10. Tripod 3
11. Cutlass 4
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 PROPERTY/CADASTRAL SURVEY FOR MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL ALONG

NDEGWU OKUKU ROAD OWERRI WEST
Cadastral surveying is the discipline of land surveying that relates to the law of land ownership and the
definition of property boundaries. Cadastral surveys are generally performed to subdivide land into
parcels for ownership under a land title, to re-establish boundaries of previously surveyed properties, to
determine the physical extent of ownership, to facilitate the transfer of the property title. It also involves
the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights
associated with properties, whether they are on land, in water, or defined by natural or artificial features
as well as interpreting and advising on boundary location, on the status of land ownership and on the
rights, restrictions and interests in property, as well as the recording of such information for use on
plans, maps, etc.
3.1 AIM OF THE SURVEY

The cadastral survey carried out during the period of my industrial training
 To run a loop traverse round the particular land.
 Establish beacons on the corners of the land
 Produce the survey plan of the survey
 Register the land to the ministry of land and housing
 Process for the acquisition of Title Deed (Certificate of Ownership)
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Some of the cadastral surveys I engaged in during the course of my training include, but not limited Miss
Okafor Immaculate Onuwa, Engr Akarachi Amadi, Mr Kalu Kelechi George
Below is a report on the cadastral surveys done for Mr Azode Chinyeaka Cosmas which I participated in.
3.2 CLIENT
The client is MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL
3.3 ORDER OF THE JOB
The cadastral survey was a third order survey.
3.4 LOCATION OF THE JOB
The site is located along Ndegwu Umuomara okuku Road Owerri west local government area Imo state
3.5 DURATION AND WEATHER CONDITION
The survey lasted for a period of two days. The first day was reconnaissance, the second day was for carrying
out the survey job proper and mounting the beacons within the boundary points, and lastly we got the beacon
numbers by going to the Nigerian Institution of Surveying and made a stipulated payment and move down to
the Ministry of Lands to acquire the beacon numbers and it was snapped and sent to us for the capping of the
survey beacons. The weather was bright on the first day and on second day the rain was drizzling which made
us to cover the capped beacons so that the rain won’t spoil the capped numbers and also our total station
instrument.
3.6 INSTRUMENTATION, PERSONNEL AND MATERIALS USED:
3.6.1 INSTRUMENTATION
The instruments we used to carry out the field work include:
1. Geomax Leica total station (model Number: Zoom 10)
2. A tripod
3. Reflector pole & Prism
4. Handheld G.P.S (Garmin model number 12H)
5. Ranging poles
6. 50M Steel tape
7. Cutlass & Shovel
3.6.2 PERSONNEL
The survey party consisted of the following:
 Surv. Mmadu Emmanuel Supervisor

 Surv. Akpan Survey Assistant
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 Opara Chibuike I.T student
 Okehi Princewill I.T student
3.6.3 MATERIALS USED

 Concrete beacons (4)
 Two Shovels
 Hand trowel
 Cement
 Pegs
3.7 METHODOLOGY AND FIELD PROCEDURE

3.7.1 RECONNAISSANCE
A general view of the area to work on was taken upon arrival at the site which took place on the 15 th of June,
Fig 3.0 Ukpo tree used for boundary demarcation
2022. During the reconnaissance our client took us round the area and we discovered that a tree commonly
known as Ukpo was at the end of the boundary corners as a common tree used in boundary demarcation
with this examination we were able to determine the best survey principle to be employed and also helped
us conclude on the convenient place to set up the instrument, we also took notice of the fact that the area
was lightly forested and there would be need for cutting for proper intervisibility. There was no existing
beacon on ground when went to the property.
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3.7.2 FIELD PROCEDURE
Fig 3.1 Image showing instrument handling during the cadastral Survey
TRAVERSING: Traversing entails the measurement of bearing and distances and traversing is divided into
known types open and closed traverse. What we carried out was a closed-loop type of traverse which started
from a point of known coordinate and ended on the same point whose horizontal coordinates are known.
After the reconnaissance we established a point (A1) and placed a peg on it; then we measured a distance of
15.24m(50ft) from (A1) along the boundary to another point (A2) and we pegged it equally. Then we used
the Hand held GPS to acquire the coordinate of the points (A1) and (A2). Then we mounted our instrument
on peg (A2) by placing our tripod on the peg and setting the instrument on the tripod, we adjusted and
marched the tripod to be directly set over the peg. We put on the Geomax total station and using the buttons
on the display put on the red laser light serving as plummet that is projected from the instrument on the peg,
and using the levelling foot screws we adjusted the red laser light to be directly on the peg, we now used the
tripod legs to adjust the circular level and also using the circular level adjusting screws by adjusting the
tripod legs up and down and by marching the legs to be firmer in the ground and using one circular level
screw in 180 to bring to the center of run, we now adjusted the plate level by using the plate level adjusting
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screw in 360 degrees or 180 degrees to adjust the plate level and all this adjustment was displayed on the
screen, cause the instrument makes use of an electronic levelling system. After the levelling we created a
new job in the instrument and keyed in the coordinates (507334.161mE and 156199.234mN) obtained from
the handheld GPS cause we worked in coordinate mode not in angle mode and also the height of the
instrument by measuring from a mark on the instrument down to the peg (A2) and took our back sight
reading to (A1) by bisecting the prism on the reflector, and the tracked the two points peg (A1) and (A2)
and corrected the discrepancy, the coordinates and distance were acquired and recorded and we moved in
clockwise manner acquiring the coordinates of the beacons P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 respectively. The points
that were picked were saved accordingly to the project file that was carried for the project.
3.8 MONUMENTATION
Beacons served as monuments in this project. We buried the beacons during traversing. There are two types
of beacons: government beacons and property/layout beacons. We used property beacons in this project.
The beacons consist of a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel, in the ratio of 1:8:10 respectively with water.
It consists of 40mm nail, punched in the center of its top. It is molded firmly into the beacon to form the
point to be bisected during traversing. The dimension of the beacon is as follows:
Length of cross section = 15cm
Width of cross section = 10cm
Height of the beacon = 30cm
The beacons are buried in clockwise direction and for utmost accuracy; they are aligned with the instrument.
They are positioned to face the next beacon in clockwise direction according to the shape of the block.
Finally, the beacons are buried in such a way that the ¾ (50cm) is buried on the ground while ¼ (25cm) is
made to project above the ground. Similarly beacon numbers are written with well mixed mortar carved on
the beacons. The numbers are written in such a way that they face the direction of the next beacon according
to the clockwise direction (shape) of the land.
18
3.9 DATA PROCESSING
3.9.1 TRAVERSE COMPUTATION
In property survey, data processing involves, angular reduction, traverse computation, drafting and printing
of the plan. Below is the detailed description of data processing of the survey.
3.9.2 ANGULAR REDUCTION/ADJUSTMENT

Though the angular reduction wasn’t done manually but through a software known as Survey world that
produce computation sheet for survey jobs it still operates on the same principle of angular reduction which
involves adjusting the angles into reduced angle, mean angle and adjusted angle.
Reduced angle is done for the face right angle - reducing it to be close to the face left angle. The formula is
FR Angle – BS Angle (if FR angle > 180d) or FR Angle + 360d – BS Angle (if FR Angle < 180d) .... Where
FR is Face Right and BS is Back Sight.
Mean Angle is gotten by adding FL and FR reduced angle and divide it by 2. The formula is (FL + FR)/2
The principle behind adjusted Angle is the Area of Polygon size formula.
(2n+4)90d ……… where n is the number of instrument points.
From our survey n=5 ………... (2(5) +4)90d= 1260d00’00’’
When you add all the mean angles it ought to give this value but due to errors in survey it doesn’t give the
exact value. It can either be slightly over or below the value. This is what is called MISCLOSURE.
From our survey, our mean angle when added gave us 1259d59’59.99’’ and we had a Misclosure 00d 00’
0.01’’ when you subtract 1259d59’59.99’’ from 1260d00’00’’
There are two formulas for adjusting misclosure and they are
 M/N +/- PA
Where M = Misclosure, N = Number of points angles and PA = individual point angles
 M/TMA X PA (+/-) PA
Where M = Misclosure, TMA = Total (sum of) Mean Angles and PA = Individual Point Angles.
The software uses method two, below is the Traverse Field Book, Traverse Reduction Sheet,
Backward and Area Computation, Check Angle (Controls Insitu Check) and Triangulation Method.
19
TRAVERSE FIELD BOOK
-----------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Station SIGHT FACE Hz. Circ. R. ANGLES MEAN Distance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBE7554 L 115 23 13
PEG1 L 012 14 11 256 50 58
SC/IMBE7557 PEG1 R 192 14 03 256 50 54 256 50 56 249.352
SC/IMBE7554 R 295 23 09
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBE7557 L 137 27 55
PEG2 L 338 24 55 200 57 00
PEG1 PEG2 R 158 24 55 200 56 56 200 56 58 247.341
SC/IMBE7557 R 317 27 59
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG1 L 312 41 17
PEG3 L 111 42 51 159 01 34
PEG2 PEG3 R 291 42 55 159 01 40 159 01 37 247.658
PEG1 R 132 41 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG2 L 336 06 16
PEG4 L 194 08 12 218 01 56
PEG3 PEG4 R 014 08 03 218 01 48 218 01 52 249.883
PEG2 R 156 06 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG3 L 357 59 19
PEG5 L 137 17 22 139 18 03
PEG4 PEG5 R 317 17 31 139 18 09 139 18 06 248.151
PEG3 R 177 59 22
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG4 L 016 51 54
PEG6 L 238 55 35 222 03 41
PEG5 PEG6 R 058 55 40 222 03 45 222 03 43 248.090
PEG4 R 196 51 56
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG5 L 033 54 32
PEG7 L 164 25 08 130 30 36
PEG6 PEG7 R 344 25 03 130 30 30 130 30 33 249.314
PEG5 R 213 54 33
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG6 L 053 51 58
PEG8 L 278 09 32 224 17 34
20
PEG7 PEG8 R 098 09 41 224 17 38 224 17 36 249.917
PEG6 R 233 52 03
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG7 L 080 12 10
PEG9 L 229 29 49 149 17 39
PEG8 PEG9 R 049 29 41 149 17 33 149 17 36 248.644
PEG7 R 260 12 08
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG8 L 113 49 35
PEG10 L 326 25 54 212 36 19
PEG9 PEG10 R 146 25 54 212 36 23 212 36 21 249.519
PEG8 R 293 49 31
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG9 L 146 57 47
PEG11 L 300 11 40 153 13 53
PEG10 PEG11 R 120 11 41 153 13 57 153 13 55 247.742
PEG9 R 326 57 44
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG10 L 179 31 00
PEG12 L 048 50 25 229 19 25
PEG11 PEG12 R 228 50 23 229 19 23 229 19 24 248.943
PEG10 R 359 31 00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG11 L 201 13 53
PEG13 L 318 17 08 117 03 15
PEG12 PEG13 R 138 17 06 117 03 09 117 03 12 213.351
PEG11 R 021 13 57
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG12 L 235 06 38
SC/IMBJ1524 L 075 43 37 200 36 59
PEG13 SC/IMBJ1524 R 255 43 32 200 36 57 200 36 58 84.575
PEG12 R 055 06 35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG13 L 267 07 32
SC/IMBJ1525 L 060 46 21 153 38 49
SC/IMBJ1524 SC/IMBJ1525 R 240 46 13 153 38 45 153 38 47 13.000
PEG13 R 087 07 28
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1524 L 300 15 35
SC/IMBJ1521 L 206 14 48 265 59 13
SC/IMBJ1525 SC/IMBJ1521 R 026 14 41 265 59 09 265 59 11 31.000
SC/IMBJ1524 R 120 15 32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1525 L 333 27 05
SC/IMBJ1522 L 245 29 12 272 02 07
SC/IMBJ1521 SC/IMBJ1522 R 065 29 13 272 02 05 272 02 06 22.500
21
SC/IMBJ1525 R 153 27 08
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1521 L 355 32 41
SC/IMBJ1523 L 299 31 31 303 58 50
SC/IMBJ1522 SC/IMBJ1523 R 119 31 27 303 58 46 303 58 48 17.200
SC/IMBJ1521 R 175 32 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1522 L 012 13 43
PEG14 L 051 01 36 038 47 53
SC/IMBJ1523 PEG14 R 231 01 45 038 47 59 038 47 56 125.414
SC/IMBJ1522 R 192 13 46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1523 L 038 18 40
PEG15 L 231 32 53 193 14 13
PEG14 PEG15 R 051 32 47 193 14 07 193 14 10 156.868
SC/IMBJ1523 R 218 18 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG14 L 071 14 50
PEG16 L 261 21 08 190 06 18
PEG15 PEG16 R 081 21 00 190 06 14 190 06 16 248.827
PEG14 R 251 14 46
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG15 L 104 53 10
PEG17 L 336 30 25 231 37 15
PEG16 PEG17 R 156 30 21 231 37 11 231 37 13 249.550
PEG15 R 284 53 10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG16 L 126 41 10
PEG18 L 261 38 49 134 57 39
PEG17 PEG18 R 081 38 40 134 57 33 134 57 36 247.822
PEG16 R 306 41 07
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG17 L 309 21 26
PEG19 L 165 00 27 215 39 01
PEG18 PEG19 R 345 00 20 215 38 57 215 38 59 248.674
PEG17 R 129 21 23
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG18 L 328 15 03
PEG20 L 117 28 14 149 13 11
PEG19 PEG20 R 197 28 20 149 13 16 149 13 13 249.899
PEG18 R 048 15 04
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG19 L 350 13 44
PEG21 L 203 01 04 212 47 20
PEG20 PEG21 R 023 00 55 212 47 15 212 47 17 248.518
PEG19 R 170 13 41
22
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG20 L 012 23 28
PEG22 L 165 08 21 152 44 53
PEG21 PEG22 R 345 08 24 152 44 59 152 44 56 248.905
PEG20 R 192 23 25
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG21 L 022 30 10
PEG23 L 221 55 57 199 25 47
PEG22 PEG23 R 041 55 55 199 25 41 199 25 44 249.547
PEG21 R 202 30 14
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG22 L 049 31 45
PEG24 L 209 46 58 160 15 13
PEG23 PEG24 R 029 46 57 160 15 09 160 15 11 248.564
PEG22 R 229 31 48
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG23 L 069 41 28
PEG25 L 271 26 07 201 44 39
PEG24 PEG25 R 091 26 13 201 44 43 201 44 41 249.065
PEG23 R 249 41 30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG24 L 102 09 55
PEG26 L 260 56 27 158 46 32
PEG25 PEG26 R 080 56 33 158 46 38 158 46 35 247.238
PEG24 R 282 09 55
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PEG25 L 135 41 08
SC/IMBE7554 L 334 56 24 199 15 16
PEG26 SC/IMBE7554 R 154 56 19 199 15 11 199 15 14 248.018
PEG25 R 315 41 08
NAME OF CLIENT: MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL

LOCATION:''PLOT4 OKWUZI UMUODU LAND''ALONG NDEGWU UMUOMARA OKUKU ROAD
IN OWERRI WEST LOCAL GOVT AREA OF IMO STATE
PLAN NO: MDP/4515/IM080/2022
PILLAR NOS:SC/IMBJ1521-SC/IMBJ1525
DATE:08/06/2022
TRAVERSE REDUCTION SHEET
23
----------------------------
STN Back Correctn Corr.Brg. DISTANCE DN Arith.S(N) DE Arith.S(E) NORTH EASTINGS To Stn.
Obs +Ve UNCOR. UNCORR.
Fwd CORR. CORR.
CORTD. CORTD.
168331.998 501989.219 SC/IMBE7555

SC/IMBE7555 INSITU ANGLE 270 00 00 28.200 168331.998 501961.019 SC/IMBE7554
SC/IMBE7554 082 12 04 172 12 04 17.790 168314.373 501963.433 SC/IMBE7557
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
352 12 04 168225.218 501730.564
256 50 56 0.000 0.000
SC/IMBE7557 249 03 00 0 00 01 249 03 01 249.352 -89.155 89 -232.869 233 168225.218 501730.564 PEG1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
069 168225.218 501483.223
200 56 58 0.000 0.000
PEG1 269 59 58 0 00 02 270 00 00 247.341 0.000 89 -247.341 480 168225.218 501483.223 PEG2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
089 168136.574 501251.972
159 01 37 0.001 0.000
PEG2 249 01 35 0 00 03 249 01 38 247.658 -88.643 178 -231.251 711 168136.575 501251.972 PEG3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
069 168209.877 501013.082
218 01 52 0.001 0.000
PEG3 287 03 27 0 00 04 287 03 30 249.883 73.303 251 -238.890 950 168209.878 501013.082 PEG4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107 168110.372 500785.755
139 18 06 0.002 -0.001
PEG4 246 21 33 0 00 05 246 21 37 248.151 -99.505 351 -227.328 1178 168110.374 500785.754 PEG5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
066 168188.774 500550.379
222 03 43 0.002 -0.001
PEG5 288 25 15 0 00 06 288 25 21 248.090 78.402 429 -235.376 1413 168188.776 500550.378 PEG6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
108 168060.114 500336.828
130 30 33 0.003 -0.001
PEG6 238 55 49 0 00 07 238 55 55 249.314 -128.660 558 -213.551 1627 168060.117 500336.827 PEG7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
058 168117.292 500093.540
224 17 36 0.003 -0.001
PEG7 283 13 25 0 00 07 283 13 32 249.917 57.178 615 -243.288 1870 168117.295 500093.539 PEG8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
103 168042.603 499856.379
149 17 36 0.004 -0.001
PEG8 252 31 01 0 00 08 252 31 10 248.644 -74.688 690 -237.161 2107 168042.607 499856.378 PEG9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
072 168107.711 499615.504
212 36 21 0.004 -0.001
PEG9 285 07 22 0 00 09 285 07 31 249.519 65.108 755 -240.875 2348 168107.715 499615.503 PEG10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 168057.716 499372.859
153 13 55 0.004 -0.001
PEG10 258 21 17 0 00 10 258 21 27 247.742 -49.995 805 -242.645 2591 168057.720 499372.858 PEG11
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
078 168209.886 499175.839
229 19 24 0.005 -0.001
PEG11 307 40 41 0 00 11 307 40 52 248.943 152.170 957 -197.020 2788 168209.891 499175.838 PEG12
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
127 168118.825 498982.898
117 03 12 0.006 -0.002
PEG12 244 43 53 0 00 12 244 44 05 213.351 -91.060 1048 -192.942 2981 168118.831 498982.896 PEG13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
064 168111.970 498898.601
200 36 58 0.006 -0.002
PEG13 265 20 50 0 00 13 265 21 03 84.575 -6.855 1055 -84.297 3065 168111.976 498898.599 SC/IMBJ1524
24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
085 168105.274 498887.458
153 38 47 0.006 -0.002
SC/IMBJ1524 238 59 37 0 00 14 238 59 51 13.000 -6.696 1061 -11.143 3076 168105.280 498887.456 SC/IMBJ1525
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
058 168130.663 498869.670
265 59 11 0.006 -0.002
SC/IMBJ1525 324 58 48 0 00 15 324 59 03 31.000 25.389 1087 -17.788 3094 168130.669 498869.668 SC/IMBJ1521
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
144 168142.911 498888.544
272 02 06 0.006 -0.002
SC/IMBJ1521 057 00 53 0 00 16 057 01 09 22.500 12.248 1099 18.874 3113 168142.917 498888.542 SC/IMBJ1522
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
237 168125.714 498888.244
303 58 48 0.006 -0.002
SC/IMBJ1522 180 59 41 0 00 17 180 59 58 17.200 -17.197 1116 -0.300 3113 168125.720 498888.242 SC/IMBJ1523
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
000 168222.069 498968.520
038 47 56 0.007 -0.002
SC/IMBJ1523 039 47 37 0 00 18 039 47 55 125.414 96.355 1213 80.276 3193 168222.076 498968.518 PEG14
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
219 168316.399 499093.858
193 14 10 0.007 -0.002
PEG14 053 01 47 0 00 19 053 02 06 156.868 94.329 1307 125.338 3319 168316.406 499093.856 PEG15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
233 168428.824 499315.839
190 06 16 0.008 -0.002
PEG15 063 08 02 0 00 20 063 08 22 248.827 112.425 1419 221.981 3541 168428.832 499315.837 PEG16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
243 168324.309 499542.448
231 37 13 0.008 -0.002
PEG16 114 45 15 0 00 21 114 45 36 249.550 -104.516 1524 226.609 3767 168324.317 499542.446 PEG17
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
294 168410.205 499774.908
134 57 36 0.009 -0.002
PEG17 069 42 51 0 00 22 069 43 13 247.822 85.897 1610 232.460 4000 168410.214 499774.906 PEG18
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
249 168344.293 500014.688
215 38 59 0.009 -0.002
PEG18 105 21 50 0 00 23 105 22 13 248.674 -65.912 1676 239.780 4239 168344.302 500014.686 PEG19
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
285 168410.694 500255.604
149 13 13 0.009 -0.002
PEG19 074 35 04 0 00 23 074 35 27 249.899 66.401 1742 240.916 4480 168410.703 500255.602 PEG20
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
254 168336.462 500492.777
212 47 17 0.010 -0.002
PEG20 107 22 21 0 00 24 107 22 45 248.518 -74.231 1816 237.173 4717 168336.472 500492.775 PEG21
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
287 168379.134 500737.998
152 44 56 0.010 -0.003
PEG21 080 07 18 0 00 25 080 07 43 248.905 42.672 1859 245.220 4963 168379.144 500737.995 PEG22
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260 168337.699 500984.081
199 25 44 0.010 -0.003
PEG22 099 33 02 0 00 26 099 33 28 249.547 -41.435 1900 246.083 5209 168337.709 500984.078 PEG23
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
279 168381.668 501228.725
160 15 11 0.011 -0.003
PEG23 079 48 13 0 00 27 079 48 40 248.564 43.970 1944 244.644 5453 168381.679 501228.722 PEG24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
259 168331.774 501472.741
201 44 41 0.011 -0.003
PEG24 101 32 54 0 00 28 101 33 22 249.065 -49.894 1994 244.016 5697 168331.785 501472.738 PEG25
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
281 168373.292 501716.468
158 46 35 0.011 -0.003
25
PEG25 080 19 29 0 00 29 080 19 58 247.238 41.518 2036 243.727 5941 168373.303 501716.465 PEG26
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260
199 15 14
PEG26 099 34 42 0 00 30 099 35 12 248.018 168331.998 501961.019 SC/IMBE7554
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Distance = 6385.073 Traverse Closure = 1/ 560008
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKWARD AND AREA COMPUTATION

-------------------------------------
STN FROM BEARINGS DISTANCES DN DE NORTHING EASTING To STN.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
168111.976 498898.599 SC/IMBJ1524
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1524 238 59 52 13.000 -6.696 -11.143 168105.280 498887.456 SC/IMBJ1525
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1525 324 59 03 31.000 25.389 -17.788 168130.669 498869.668 SC/IMBJ1521
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1521 057 01 09 22.500 12.248 18.874 168142.917 498888.542 SC/IMBJ1522
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1522 180 59 58 17.200 -17.197 -0.300 168125.720 498888.242 SC/IMBJ1523
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBJ1523 142 59 59 17.209 -13.744 10.357 168111.976 498898.599 SC/IMBJ1524
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Distance 100.909
=============================================
AREA COMPUTATION
=============================================
Cross Cords. Double Lat. Double Longitude
------------ ----------- -----------------
463.472 m² 463.472 m² 463.472 m²
000.046 Ha 000.046 Ha 000.046 Ha
000.114 Acres
Size of Plot:
======================
(100x50 Feet) = 1.0
(100x60 Feet) = 0.8
(120x60 Feet) = 0.7
CHECK ANGLE (CONTROLS INSITU CHECK)

--------------------------------------
26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Station SIGHT FACE Hz. Circ. R. ANGLES MEAN Distance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBE7555 L 355 32 41
SC/IMBE7557 L 077 44 47 082 12 06
SC/IMBE7554 SC/IMBE7557 R 257 44 43 082 12 02 082 12 04 17.795
SC/IMBE7555 R 175 32 41
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBE7554 L 008 56 01
SC/IMBE7555 L 072 23 06 063 27 05
SC/IMBE7557 SC/IMBE7555 R 252 23 06 063 27 03 063 27 04 31.232
SC/IMBE7554 R 188 56 03
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SC/IMBE7557 L 034 12 22
SC/IMBE7554 L 068 32 50 034 20 28
SC/IMBE7555 SC/IMBE7554 R 248 32 51 034 20 32 034 20 30 28.199
SC/IMBE7557 R 214 12 19
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRIANGULATION METHOD
------------------------------------------
Sum of Internal Angles = 180

Sum of Insitu Angles = 179d 59’ 37''
------------------------------------------
Insitu Error = 000d 00’ 22''
------------------------------------------
TRAVERSE METHOD
------------------------------------------
Observed Insitu Angle = 082d 12’ 04''
Computed Insitu Angle = 082d 12’ 04''
------------------------------------------
Insitu Check = 000d 00’ 00''
------------------------------------------
Figure: Image showing a typical Survey plan of the site and Red copy plan.
27
3.10 CAPPING OF BEACONS
After we had obtained the beacon numbers from the ministry, the next operation was the capping of the
beacons. The capping of the beacons was such that they followed the direction of the boundary lines such that
28
the direction of the lettering could lead you to the next boundary point in a clockwise manner. The beacons that
were capped were SC/IMBJ 1521 to SC/IMBJ 1525.
Fig 3.1: image showing the capping of beacons
3.11 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED: There were no problem encountered during the cadastral survey
CHAPTER FOUR
TOPOGRAPHIC/CONTOUR SURVEY FOR VALOUR GARDEN ESTATE OBINZDE ALONG OBINZE-
UMUOKANNE ROAD, UMUOKANNE IMO STATE
4.0.0 INTRODUCTION
Topography survey is carried out on a parcel of land in order to determine the land’s elevation and depression.
The topography of the land is needed to be accurately determined when engineering projects like building, dam,
road, pipeline, stadium, airport, etc. are to be executed on the land.
At our project site, an estate buildings of bungalows, detached duplexes and other facilities was planned to be
erected. The topography of the site was fairly level in some parts but sloppy in other parts, and also the height
of sand filling of the land to the ground level that is required for each building was taken into account, hence the
need for a topographic survey to produce the contour map of the terrain which will help to determine the level
of cut and fill and the level of the foundation.
4.1.0 AIM OF THE SURVEY
To accurately carry out contour survey and produce the contour plan of the site. And also to determine the
boundary and the area of the land.
4.2.0 LOCATION OF THE SURVEY
The Estate is located at Obinze along Obinze/Umuokanne road Owerri west Local Government Area Imo State.
4.3.0 CLIENT
Our client is Valor Garden Estate
4.4.0 DATE, TIME AND WEATHER CONDITION
The survey lasted for 2 days. It started on 24th May and ended 25th May 2022. Each day we start at 8am and end
4pm. The weather was fairly favourable and sunny as well.
4.5.0 ORDER OF SURVEY
Third order Survey
4.6.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEY
Topography Survey
29
4.7.0 PLANNING AND MOBILIZATION
4.8.0 PLANNING
We drove to the site before the survey day with our client and he took us round the land. Fortunately, the site
has been bulldozed thereby eliminating cutting of lines. He instructed us to determine the boundary shape, the
area of the land and then use 10m interval (grid interval) to carry out the contour survey.
We also moved around to check if we can see an established benchmark but we found none. So the alternative
was for us to establish ours. Therefore, we moved around the site and chose best positions to cast four 3D
benchmarks. The principle is to choose higher places that will create inter-visibility round the site.
4.8.2 CASTING OF BENCHMARKS
We mixed a 6x6 aggregate concrete and casted the four benchmarks on our chosen positions. A wooden
rectangular frame was placed on the ground and a spike rod was fixed at its center before the concrete was
poured until it reached the level of the frame. Trowel was used to settle and level the surface allowing a small
protrusion of the center rod which serves as the survey point, the benchmarks consists of Easting, Northing and
Height (X, Y, Z coordinate). The benchmark serves as instrument point and reference point hence it’s called a
control point, you determine the parameters (X, Y, Z coordinates) with survey instruments like DGPS, or hand
held GPS. Then you set instrument on one of them and input its coordinate in the total station and the back-sight
man places the reflector on another benchmark and you back-sight and input its coordinate before you can now
start picking ground points anywhere within the survey area. It works with the same survey principle of working
from known point to unknown points.
4.8.3 FIXING OF PERIMETER PEGS
We fixed wooden pegs at strategic positions round the survey boundary starting from the edges of the land.
These pegs serves as a guide to land extent (survey area) and also they can serve as a control or reference points
during future survey, we acquired their positions (coordinates) during the data acquisition process.
4.9.0 MOBILIZATION
4.10.0 PERSONNEL, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS USED
4.10.1 PERSONNEL
The survey team consisted of the following persons
 Surv, Mmadu Emmanuel Supervisor
 Surv, Abu Gabson Party Chief Surveyor
 Opara Evidence IT student
 Daniel. O IT student
30
 Okehi Princewill 1T student
 CHCNAV Differential GPS with its rover only
 Geomax Total station
 Tripod
 Reflector
 4 Ranging Poles
 50m chain tape
 Two cutlasses
 Two shovels
 Two hand trowels
 Hammer
 Tall wooden pegs
 Cement
 Emergency red tapes
 Rods
 Fine sand and gravel
4.11.0 DATA ACQUISITION
4.11.1 DETERMINATION OF THE BENCHMARK 3D COORDINATES
The benchmarks (VGE 01, VGE 02 and VGE 03) coordinates were determined with CHCNAV DGPS. The
master was mounted in NISS office building in Owerri precisely as a CORS station and the rover was operating
on a CORS operation system using a Network service provider to connect, and from NISS office building to the
Valour Garden Estate at Obinze Owerri west L.G.A was almost 10km the explanation of the CORS and its
operation in surveying will be discussed in detail in the subsequent chapters. The DGPS picked data at every 1
second so we chose 6’ acquisition range so as to give us a very accurate final average result. With 6 minutes it
will make 360 observations and bring out the average as the coordinate of that point. And at some point we
employed RTK method to hasten the job because we needed to cover about 35 hectares and deliver the job as
soon as possible to our client. We always wait till there is enough reception (signal) before the rover was used
to acquire the remaining three benchmarks once the position is fixed a programmed female voice on autopilot in
31
the CHCNAV DGPS will say “FIXED” and if there is no signal or network it will notify you by saying
“FLOAT”. To confirm the 3D coordinates of the benchmarks we launched the total station on VGE 01 of the
benchmark, keyed in the coordinates of the benchmark acquired from the DGPS and back sighted to VGE 02
and tracked it and the total station gave us exactly the coordinates of the benchmark with a slight difference in
decimeters and the reflector was moved to VGE 03 to confirm its position in correspondence with the DGPS
data. Below are the X, Y, Z coordinates of the three benchmarks
Fig 4.1.1: image showing NISS building in Owerri where the CORS station is mounted
4.11.2 BENCHMARK COORDINATES

Cc BENCHMARK EASTING (m) NORTHING (m) HEIGHT
VGE 01 498772.148 153871.680 45.31
VGE 02 498711.063 153985.898 45.62
VGE 03 498783.673 153951.291 45.70
32
Fig 4.1.2: images showing the CHCNAV DGPS and instrument handling during the topo survey
33
4.11.3 PERIMETER/BOUNDARY SURVEY
The client’s instruction was to produce the boundary plan with its area and then produce the
topographic/contour plan. So we first ran the perimeter survey before we began the topo survey proper. It was
done with 20m interval pacing interval in clockwise direction. The CHCNAV DGPS was used to pick the
boundary and the heights. The file was saved as VGE (Valour Garden Estate) and below is the data table.
POINT ID ROLE E N H
Normal
PB 1 Point 498773.9348 153767.9621 45.3093
Normal
PB 2 Point 498835.8293 153808.6762 45.8016
Normal
TBV 05 Point 498924.3263 153896.6462 46.9727
Normal
TBV 01 Point 498815.2521 154119.9777 45.6278
Normal
T1 Point 498792.8439 154111.3749 45.2505
T2 Normal 498760.5101 154092.5321 44.9536
34
Point
Normal
T3 Point 498729.0559 154079.977 44.6489
Normal
T4 Point 498698.2225 154067.3478 45.0299
Normal
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35
Normal
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36
Point
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37
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38
Normal
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39
Normal
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40
Normal
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41
Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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TBV Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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42
Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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43
Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal
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Normal 46.06
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44
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45
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46
4.12.0 DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION
4.13.0 DATA PROCESSING
The DGPS gave the accurate true XYZ coordinates of our established benchmarks and as such the total station
data were directly the true geoidal mean sea level dimensions of the points. So we didn’t reduce the data unlike
where level instrument was used. However, the data was downloaded and saved in excel. They were saved as
command separated value (CSV) and in Point Identification, Easting, Northing and Height (PENZ) format. The
perimeter data was imported into Autodesk and was joined. While the surfer 9 adjusted the grid points before
generating the contour map. The plans were printed with scale of 1:1000. Below is the Grid Report file.
47
4.13.1 GRIDDING REPORT
48
4.14.0 PRESENTATION
49
4.14.2 3D WIREFRAME MAP OF THE LAND USING SURFER 9.0
4.15 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

The only problem encountered was the inconsistency of the DGPS in acquiring data because of the poor
network of CORS based service provider.
CHAPTER FIVE
REPORT ON VALOUR GARDEN ESTATE LAYOUT SURVEY
5.1.0 INTRODUCTION
A layout survey is a cadastral type of survey that involves the development of a remote (usually virgin lands)
area of land by setting out the designed plots and road network. A layout survey is done by setting out the
designed plan with its angles and distances from the paper to the ground.
The main purpose

of a layout survey
project is to
increase housing.
A layout consists
of a primary road
(12m wide)
secondary road
50
(9m wide) and a tertiary road (6m wide), it also contains open space reserved for Recreational purposes like a
football field, Commercial space (C/I....) reserved for commercial purposes such as Markets, shopping mall,
banks, etc and Public space (p/I....) for public purposes like school, churches, etc.
A layout undergoes stages before it's thrown open for public use; an expanse area of land which belongs to a
community, an organization, a family, or an individual is agreed to be developed. Secondly, the selected
committee will look for a surveyor who will do the layout survey. The Surveyor once contacted will now carry
out the perimeter survey and submit the plan to the planners to design the layout plan. After the layout is
designed, the committee and the surveyor will submit it to the ministry of land and housing for approval and if
approved will start the layout survey properly. And finally, when the survey is completed, the layout roads will
be graded and the plots will be opened for sale it's the work of the surveyor to show the buyers their plots and
produce their plans (plan lifting), register them, and participate in title deeds.
Valour Garden Estate layout belongs to the 34 Artillery Brigadier of the Nigerian Army along
Obinze/Umuokanne road Owerri west L.G.A. The layout was initiated by the Nigerian Army under the auspices
of Post Service Housing Development Limited in partnership with Bauhaus International Limited with
advanced plans to build 1,000 ultra-modern housing units in Obinze near Owerri. The layout started 21st
February and is still in progress till date
5.1.1 AIM OF THE LAYOUT SURVEY

 To run a perimeter round the layout mapped out the land.
 To bury the perimeter beacons with fully written SURCON beacons.
 To traverse the blocks and parcelate the block plots.
 To accurately establish and bulldoze the layout of road networks.
5.2.0 LOCATION OF THE LAYOUT

Valour Garden Estate is located at Obinze along Obinze/Umuokanne road Owerri west L.G.A 5
minutes’ drive to Owerri-Port Harcourt express road. On the same axis with Army Housing Estate.
5.3.0 SIZE OF THE LAYOUT

The size of the layout is about 34.923 hectares of land
51
5.4.0 CLIENT
The owner of the layout is Post Service Housing Development Limited in partnership with Bauhaus
International Limited.
5.5.0 DATE AND DURATION

The project began on 21st February 2022 and is still in progress till date
5.6.0 ORDER OF SURVEY:
Third order Survey
5.7.0 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SURVEY:
Cadastral Survey
5.8.0 PLANNING AND MOBLIZATION

5.9.0 PLANNING
We acquired a satellite imagery of the area of Interest. We used the satellite imagery in the planning of
the execution of the job, by pin-pointing the best positions to be used for establishing controls, we went
to the area and the points chosen to be used from the satellite imagery; we were also able to note the
boundaries and controls near the area of interest. Where we identified a control used during the
establishment of 34 artillery Retired Soldiers estate.
5.9.2 CONTROL EXECUTION

The selected points from the satellite imagery were noted during the reconnaissance. We picked the
coordinates of the points selected using the DGPS. These coordinates were used to Geo -reference the
area extracted from the satellite imagery of parts of Owerri
5.9.3 STEEL TAPE CALIBRATION

The fifty meter (50m) steel tape used was calibrated in front of the office under normal temperature and
pressure and the error was +0.003. This was always applied in the field especially where a long line was
measured. We mostly used tape during parcellation because the total station target was used to measure
most distances.
52
5.10.0 MOBILIZATION
5.11.0 PERSONNEL, INSTRUMENTATION AND MATERIALS USED
5.11.1 PERSONNEL
PERSONNEL
The following personnel took part in the accomplishment of the job
Surv.Emmanuel Madu Obinna Chief Surveyor
Surv. Akpan Graduate surveyor

Emmanuel Ozurumba Graduate surveyor.
Ani Cetus Ugorji Industrial Trainee
Evidence Chibuike Opara Industrial Trainee
Myself (Princewill Okehi) Industrial Trainee
We used the following instrument in the course of the survey
 Hi target DGPS with Rover and base

 Geo-max Total Station and Tripod
 50m steel tape
 Four ranging poles
 Prism and Reflector pole
 Data logger

The following are the materials used during the layout survey.
 Beacons
 Pegs
 Rods
 Caution tapes
 Two Shovels & Four Cutlasses
53
5.12.0 METHODOLOGY/ LAYOUT SURVEY PROCEDURE
5.13.0 OFFICE PLANNING WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY
The already Geo-referenced map of Owerri master plan and the satellite imagery from which it is extracted
from was used to extract the area of interest (Valour Garden Estate) in AutoCAD land development.
5.13.1 PERIMETER SURVEY

Hi- target Differential GPS was used to do the perimeter survey. This idea was adopted in order
to provide a very high accuracy. The base station was mounted on an existing station that was
established in an Estate owned by the military 34 artillery brigadier about 400m away from
Valour Garden Estate for control densification till we got to the layout site and the rover was
used to pick the coordinates of the boundary points till the perimeter was covered. The data
Fig 5.1: image showing graduate surveyor Emmanuel with our instrument mounted on an existing control
used for control densification to the layout
54
1 Fig 5.2: image showing the process of navigating the land with DGPS during the
acquired was processed and plotted, the plan was produced and was shipped to a planner to
where the main layout plan was designed and printed in A0 paper size.
5.13.1.1 CONNECTING THE BASE TO ROVER

As soon as we got to the site, we set up the base instrument over the already established control. Then the slant
height of the instrument was measured with small steel tape. Then the rover was set up as well and the pole
height measured also. The data logger was powered on together with the base and rover instrument. With the
data logger, the device (base & rover) were connected and their corresponding height imputed. Having
connected the devices and the ambiguity at RTK integer, which is the highest precision needed for such job; the
stake point coordinate of some known points were imputed and located with the rover to serve as a check on the
accuracy of the job that we are about to begin.
5.13.1.2. NAVIGATING THE POINT

Having ascertained the accuracy of the stake out points, the labour was divided in order to achieve the desired
labour output. I was meant to move with the site manager who is carrying the rover. I was following him in
order to learn how to use the instrument, but I was the person flagging all the set out points with caution tape so
that it will be easy to locate by the time those beacons will be numbered. Though after sometime, I took over
55
from him to stake out the points which help me improve on my technical know-how. Those stake out points are
dig immediately and beacons are placed in them.
NB: Those stake out points are automatically located by the rover through navigation. As you navigate with
rover, it directs you to the point, but as you are getting to the point it will beep to alert you but immediately the
rover is on the point it will give an instant beep indicating that you are on the point by clicking ok twice, it will
start directing you to the next point which you have to locate.
5.13.2 DESIGN OF AREA IN PLOTS

The design of the Valour Garden Estate layout was done by a GIS expert and town planner in the town planning
section Owerri Capital Development Authority(OCDA) in accordance with their rules and regulations using
AutoCAD Overlay Software.
5.13.3 BACK COMPUTATION USING SURVEY WORLD

The beacon points on the softcopy of the layout were noted using a particular layer and colour to represent the
beacons of the plots and another layer and colour for the boundary lines. The coordinates of the beacon points
were copied in notepad since the image was geo-referenced, point in the layout gives the coordinates of the very
positions in question. The extracted coordinates in Notepad was edited and imported into a software (Survey
World) automatic back computation to convert the coordinates reading to bearing and distances automatically.
The gotten bearing and distances aided the location of the points on ground as they are on the designed plan.
5.13.4 SETTING-OUT ON THE GROUND

The coordinates extracted from the designed layout map of the area in question were loaded in the flash card
(IDS) of the total station to be used in placing the actual ground position of the plots beacons. The total station
was set and leveled on a control around the area and orientation done with other known coordinates within the
area. These were done in every point of interest by calling up the point identity as it is stored in the flash card of
the total station to display on the screen of the total station the bearing to the point to be located. The distances
were tracked and recorded using the reflectors to fix the points
Fig 5.2 Image showing the setting-up of the instrument at a control for setting-out of the layout
56
5.13.5 BURYING BEACONS AND MONUMENTATION
The beacons consist of a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel, in the ratio of 1:8:10 respectively with water.
It consists of 40mm nail, punched in the center of its top. It is molded firmly into the beacon to form the
point to be bisected during traversing. The dimension of the beacon is as follows:
Length of cross section = 15cm
Width of cross section = 10cm
Height of the beacon = 30cm
The beacons are buried in clockwise direction and for utmost accuracy; they are aligned with the instrument.
They are positioned to face the next beacon in clockwise direction according to the shape of the block. Finally,
the beacons are buried in such a way that the ¾ (50cm) is buried on the ground while ¼ (25cm) is made to
project above the ground. Similarly beacon numbers are written with well mixed mortar carved on the beacons.
The numbers are written in such a way that they face the direction of the next beacon according to the clockwise
direction (shape) of the land.
5.14. BULLDOZING OF LAYOUT ROADS

When all the layout traversing was completed, the bulldozer kicked off its work by bulldozing the road
networks. It is the work of the Surveyor to show the bulldozer operator the direction of the roads. This was
achieved by fixing long sticks firm to the ground beside the beacons and attaching caution tapes to it for all the
beacons along the roads. This sign enabled the bulldozer operator to know the direction of the road where it
stopped or truncated and also not to destroy the beacons.
57
5.15 WRITING OF THE LAYOUT BEACON NUMBERS
The perimeter beacon numbers were written immediately the perimeter plan was approved by the government.
To ward off intruders and land fraudsters. The numbers were written with well-proportioned mixture of cement,
sand water using trowel and a pointed stick that is firm. The trowel is used to legally shaped the mixture on top
of the beacon and making sure the spike wasn't covered with the mixture but visible. The numbers were written
in a such a way that the faced the direction of the proceeding beacon.
5.16 VALOUR GARDEN LAYOUT PLAN
Fig 5.3 Image depicting the layout designed plan
SURCON number is in this format: SC/IMBJ ZZZZ
58
SC: means Surveyors Council of Nigeria (SURCON)
IM: means the abbreviation for the state where the land is located in this case Imo state
ZZZZ: means the four SURCON number series
5.17 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

The major problem encountered on this site is rain, other minor problems include difficulties in transferring
beacons due to the distances.
5.18.0 CONCLUSION
Layout Survey is a long survey project. And it requires constant flow of money to fuel steady work in
the layout. I personally gained a lot of experience in the course of layout survey participation
CHAPTER SIX
BENEFITS FROM SIWES
Prior to my industrial training I had difficulties in understanding some certain scope in Geo-informatics
and Surveying as a profession cause a lot about surveying was quite vague to me in that I had only
theoretical and little practical knowledge of them, most especially in the practical aspect of them and as
well had options in applying my trade in other fields of endeavours, but the Industrial Students’ Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) has really equipped me beyond measure. It has made me to develop much
love and appreciation for the survey profession. Personally, the Students Industrial Work Experience
Scheme (SIWES) was a platform upon which I was privileged to acquire valuable experience in some
areas of my profession. Even though I was not exposed to all branches of Geoinformatics and
Surveying. I was fully integrated in all the projects carried out during my industrial attachment period by
my firm
And as an ambitious Intern I was ever ready and willing to learn great skills and welcome new ideas that
would help me improve my career in the field of surveying and as such have better understanding and
practical experience in those areas. Below are some of these benefits;
I. Exposure on the use of Survey Instruments.

Owing to the fact that my place of SIWES attachment had varieties of survey instruments, I
seized the opportunity to actually handle most of them personally. During the course of my
59
Industrial Training, I handled some instruments like, different models of Total Station
instrument, different models of the level instrument, Differential GPS etc.
II. Exposure and improved knowledge on the use of some Surveying software.
It was during my SIWES program that I got to learn different
software as they are applied to the survey profession. I was not just introduced to entirely
new software, but I also got to learn and improve my knowledge on software’s that I
had an idea of initially. Some of the software that I got good knowledge of during my industrial
training programme includes AutoCAD 2007, AutoCAD Civil 3D 2016, Surfer 10, Survey
World, Coord Tools.
III. Improvement in setting up (leveling and centering) a survey instrument on a tripod over a point: Setting
up an instrument example a total station instrument or levelling instrument over a point might seem to
be the easiest thing to learn as a surveying student cause is one of the basics in surveying. But
unfortunately, this is not that true. Most students still find it very difficult to setup an instrument; in that
during the practice, it’s either the instrument gets centered and fails to get leveled or the instrument gets
leveled and fails to get centered over the point. In the worst case scenario, both centering and leveling
the instrument would be a problem for some students reason is because of the number of students that
are using limited instrument in field practical sessions which can lead to the technician in charge of the
field practical to select one student that is good in handling instrument to be in charge thereby creating
less chance for some students to practice setting up instrument on their own. A big thanks to this
SIWES program which filled in the gap this problem was solved during my industrial training
programme as I got a firsthand training on instrument setup at my firm.
IV. Administrative Knowledge

I also gained knowledge in the administrative part of this noble profession. It’s imperative to say that
Surveying is not limited to going to the field and acquiring data but also involves the day to day running
of the Surveying firm that compliments the profession itself and such knowledge includes International
Standard for Professional Field Survey Practices, Efficient Team work practices, Costing of Survey Jobs
using Nigeria Institutes of Surveyors Scale of fees, Costing of general contracts jobs, Technical proposal
writing and presentation, Corporate organization practices e.g. Work ethics and communications.
60
Fig 6.1: A typical red copy plan
V. Plotting of Red Copy Plan
A red copy plan is the record copy or official copy of the survey plan that must be lodged i.e submitted
by a registered land surveyor who drafts a survey plan with the Surveyor General’s Office, and who
must also have a letter of submission of the record copy as proof of such lodgment, otherwise
perfection of the tittle deed on a land will be impossible. In preparing a red copy plan there are certain
factors to put into consideration such as
 The coordinates to use for the connection should be close at least an allowable distance of 500
meters is ok.
 There must be Reference plan Number.
 The connection origin must be in blue and connection scale in black.
 The calculated bearing and distances (CAL) on the connection must correspond with the
computation sheet.
 The coordinates must be listed on the red copy plan.
61
6.3 PERSONAL CHALLENGES OF SIWES
 Problem of securing a place of attachment: I had a huge challenge in securing a place of attachment even
though I submitted my I.T Letter in various organizations across the nation during the Long Vacation.
Initially, I got a placement in Rivers State (Port) in Hydrographic firm but Accommodation was the
problem.
 Insufficient monthly allowance: The amount received as payment on a monthly basis was insufficient as
most of it was spent on transportation leaving me with little to fend for myself.
 Work pressure as a result of poor staffing: There was a lot of work to be carried out with few personnel
and as such, the pressure was too much because we had so many deadlines to meet up with.
6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
Having gone through this industrial training programme successfully despite the challenges
and from the lessons learnt, I strongly recommend the following for the students, the
lecturers, the university institution, the establishment and the government agency I.T.F
 Work pressure on the trainee should be reduced. Staff should treat industrial trainees as professionals
and not labourers and hence constantly allow them to participate more in areas that are much vital to the
student field of study.
 Actions should be taken by ITF against organizations that refuse to take students for industrial training.
 The Surveying profession is diversified. Because of this, I will recommend that students of
Geoinformatics and Surveying should be allowed to go for industrial training at least two months in
every session before their six months industrial training, because surveying is a practical-oriented course
as a result requires consecutive industrial training which would give the student proper exposure to the
diverse areas surveying.
 Organizations should also be made to provide accommodation for their trainees.
 Students on industrial training should endeavor to comply with the ethics of the organization so as to
make the maximum use of the opportunity.
 I strongly recommend that more practical training should be demonstrated to the students so as to equip
them for both industrial training and professional practice, Seminars, weekend instrument
demonstration, and at least two weeks camping for practical for students should be inoculated in the
semester curriculum by the institution.
 The area of supervision should be taken with more seriousness.
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6.5 CONCLUSION
It is a fact that Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a great opportunity for students to
understand more deep the importance of their academic works in school, and also to put into practice all the
theories that they had been taught. It is also an avenue to prepare students for the life and challenges after
school It has made me to develop much love and interest for the Survey Profession. I might not have acquired
training in some wider areas of Surveying like Hydrographic Survey, Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, but
altogether, I managed to gather a succinctly whole practical knowledge and perception of the basic
principles of Surveying. Furthermore, I have been able to obtain the most relevant and effective practical
industrial
training and experience as it relates to a more general surveying principles, project
management, administrative skills (interpersonal skills, work ethics, filing and document
control, method and CAD design etc.) and technical skills in handling instruments and
project. Words are not enough to express my gratitude, The Industrial Students’ Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) has really equipped me beyond measures.
Finally, SIWES program is a very good initiative and a necessary
programme for all students which should be taken advantage of for professional development
prior to graduation. I will advise students to leverage on this programme as it will go a long way in shaping their
future as it relates to the profession.
63

Unn Siwes Industrial Training Report 2022

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Table of Contents

1.1 SIWES: AN OVERVIEW

Fig 1.0: SIWES Logo

1.2 HISTORY OF SIWES

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

1.4 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Figure 1.1: Relationship between SIWES and the parties involved.

i. Federal Government (Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry).

1.5.1 THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

1.5.2 ROLES OF SUPERVISING AGENCIES (NUC, NBTE, NCCE)

1.5.3 ROLES OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)

1.5.4 ROLES OF INDUSTRY/EMPLOYERS

1.5.5 ROLES OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

1.5.6 ROLES OF STUDENTS

2.1 CORPORATE DIRECTION

 Private companies and Individuals

MISS. IGWILO KELECHI MISS. SAMPSON JULIET

Fig 1.2: Organogram of Macdoz Projected Limited

 Surveying and Mapping

2.2.1 SURVEYING AND MAPPING

EQUIPMENT: LIST OF EQUIPMENT OWNED BY MACDOZ PROJECT LIMITED

S/N Equipment Name Qty Model No. Serial No.

1. Geo Max Total Station 1 Zoom 10 865968

3.0 PROPERTY/CADASTRAL SURVEY FOR MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL ALONG

3.1 AIM OF THE SURVEY

 Surv. Mmadu Emmanuel Supervisor

3.6.3 MATERIALS USED

3.7 METHODOLOGY AND FIELD PROCEDURE

Fig 3.0 Ukpo tree used for boundary demarcation

Length of cross section = 15cm

Width of cross section = 10cm

Height of the beacon = 30cm

3.9.2 ANGULAR REDUCTION/ADJUSTMENT

(2n+4)90d ……… where n is the number of instrument points.

From our survey n=5 ………... (2(5) +4)90d= 1260d00’00’’

NAME OF CLIENT: MR. OHUCHE CHIBUZOR CYRIL

TRAVERSE REDUCTION SHEET

168331.998 501989.219 SC/IMBE7555

BACKWARD AND AREA COMPUTATION

STN FROM BEARINGS DISTANCES DN DE NORTHING EASTING To STN.

CHECK ANGLE (CONTROLS INSITU CHECK)

Sum of Internal Angles = 180

4.11.2 BENCHMARK COORDINATES

VGE 01 498772.148 153871.680 45.31

VGE 02 498711.063 153985.898 45.62

VGE 03 498783.673 153951.291 45.70

4.15 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

The main purpose

5.1.1 AIM OF THE LAYOUT SURVEY

5.2.0 LOCATION OF THE LAYOUT

5.3.0 SIZE OF THE LAYOUT

5.5.0 DATE AND DURATION

5.6.0 ORDER OF SURVEY:

Third order Survey

5.7.0 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SURVEY:

5.8.0 PLANNING AND MOBLIZATION

5.9.2 CONTROL EXECUTION

5.9.3 STEEL TAPE CALIBRATION

Surv. Akpan Graduate surveyor

Ani Cetus Ugorji Industrial Trainee

Evidence Chibuike Opara Industrial Trainee

Myself (Princewill Okehi) Industrial Trainee

 Hi target DGPS with Rover and base