‫ِلِك‬ ‫ِق‬ ‫ِد‬

‫للسِّي أبي ٱلَفوِز أحمَد بِن محمد رمضاَن ٱلَمْر ُز و ِّي الحَس نِّي ٱلَم ِّكِّي ٱلَم ا ِّي‬
‫( ُتُو ِّفَي ‪ -‬رحمه الله ‪ -‬في سنِة ‪١٢٦٢‬هـ )‬
‫َتْح ِق يُق اْلَم ْنُظوَم ة‬
‫د‪ُ .‬مَع اذ َص ْف َو ت َس اِلم‬

‫‪With the Addendum:‬‬

‫‪On the Tenets of Islamic Belief for Beginners‬‬

‫‪by Ramzy Ajem‬‬

‫‪2ND EDITION 1444 AH‬‬

NAME: _____________________________________________

SUBJECT: __________________________________________

TEACHER: _________________________________________

DATE STARTED: ___________________________________

DATE COMPLETED:________________________________
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Author & Text 1

INTRODUCTION 3

ALLAH'S EXISTENCE & ATTRIBUTES 4

ALLAH'S ACTS & QADR 5

ALLAH'S MESSENGERS 6

IMPOSSIBLITIES & SUMMARY 7

TWENTY-FIVE MESSENGERS OF ALLAH 8

ALLAH'S ANGELS 9

SACRED BOOKS 10

BELIEF IN MUHAMMAD & THE LAST DAY 11

Prophetic Biography:

HIS LINEAGE, BIRTH & MISSION 12

HIS CHILDREN & GRAND CHILDREN 13

HIS WIVES : THE MOTHERS OF THE BELIEVERS 14

HIS UNCLES & AUNTS 15

HIS NIGHT JOURNEY & ASCENSION 16

CONCLUDING REMARKS & SUPPLICATION 17

Aqidatul-Awam (The Entire Poem) 18-21

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 n
‫الحمد لله رب العالمين‬
‫ نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين‬،‫والصلاة والسلام على المبعوث رحمة للعالمين‬

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Shaykh Abul-Fawz Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ramadan al-Marzuqi al-Hasani al-Makki al-Maliki was
born in Egypt in the year 1205 AH to a learned and pious family whose lineage is connected with
the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. At a very young age the
Shaykh completed his memorization of the Quran and mastered its ten readings with leading
scholars of his age. Among his teachers in Quran was the famous Shaykh Ibrahim al-`Ubaydi. The
Shaykh went on pursuing various fields of study and special training until attaining mastery and
was appointed as Mufti of the Maliki School in Mecca after the passing of its former Mufti, his
brother Shaykh Syed Muhammad in 1261 AH. Among the Shaykh's famous students are Shaykh
Ahmad Duhman of Syria, Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad Zayni Dahlan the chief scholar of Hijaz and
Mufti of the Shafi School during the last period of Ottoman rule in Arabia. The Shaykh has
authored a commentary on the Mawlid by Shaykh Ahmad ibn Qasim al-Maliki al-Hariri, a poem in
the science of astronomy, a commentary on the Ajurumiya in grammar, a text in morphology,
and a poem in the tenets of Islamic belief titled Aqidatul-Awam . The Shaykh died in Mecca in
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1262 AH. Other sources such as Al-Zirikli have reported that he was alive in 1281 AH. The
Shaykh was buried in the famous Ma`ala Cemetery in Mecca (may Allah have mercy on him).

ABOUT THE TEXT & ADDENDUM

Aqidatul-Awam is a poem on the tenets of Islamic belief (Iman) for beginners. The accuracy of
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the Arabic text, its grammar and vowel markings has been painstakingly checked and verified by
Shaykh Dr.Moaaz Safwat Salem through the use of various copies and commentaries. The poem
consists of fifty-seven lines in Bahr al-Rajaz (a common metre in classical Arabic poetry). The text
is written to facilitate easy memorization and comprehension for the novice. Sections outlining
what is necessary, impossible and possible of God and His Messengers are articulated in the way of
the Ash`ari theologians but without recourse to rational evidences. The text then continues to
elaborate on the six pillars of Iman guiding the reader through a beginner's level of detail, and then
concludes with a brief prophetic biography.
It has been reported by the author that the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬instructed him in a dream to recite the poem
from the beginning until this line: "‫"َوُص ُحُف ٱْلَخ ــِليِل َو ٱْلَكــِليِم ِفيــَه ا َكـــَلاُم ٱْلَح َك ِم ٱْلَع ـــِليِم‬. He then awoke
from the dream having memorized it. On another occasion while asleep, he saw the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬
again which prompted the Shaykh to recite the poem back to him ‫ ﷺ‬before his companions. After
reciting every line they said, "ameen!" Later, when people started to learn the poem from the
Shaykh and inquired about its meanings, he found it necessary to add more to the poem. Hence,
the Shaykh added line 27 " ‫ "َو ُكــُّل َم ــــا ِبـــِه َأَتى ٱلَّرُس ـــوُل َفــَح ــُّقــُه ٱلــَّتــْس ــِليــُم َو ٱْلــَُق ــُبــوُل‬onwards until the end
of the poem making it fifty-seven lines.
I have divided the poem into sections, added subject headings to each, and followed it with
questions and answers to help my students at Dar al-Burhan comprehend what they memorize of
the poem. I have refrained from translating the poem into English in order help students rely on
the original Arabic for a general comprehension. The forty-five questions and answers serve as a
commentary for students and a teaching tool for teachers. I ask Allah Most High to grant benefit to
those who memorize the poem and study the addendum that this needy servant, Ramzy Ajem (may
Allah forgive him), has authored.

1
 INTRODUCTION

Q1. How does the author begin the text?

The author begins in the name of Allah (‫)ِبــٱْس ِم ٱلَّلِه‬, he then praises Him (‫)َف ـٱْلَح ـْم ــُد ِلَّلِه‬,
and sends blessings and peace (‫ )ٱلَّص ـَل اُة َو ٱلَّس َل اُم‬on the Prophet ( ‫)ٱلَّنِبِّي‬, his family (‫ )آِلِه‬,
companions (‫)وَص ـْح ـِب ـِه‬, and those who follow the way of the true religion without
innovation (‫)َم ـ ـْن َتـ ـِبـ ـْع َس ِبيـَل ِديِن ٱْلَحِّق َغ ـْيَر ُمْبَتـِد ْع‬.

Q2. What is this text about?

The text is an introduction to the tenets of Islamic belief (Iman).

Q3. What are the pillars of Iman?

The pillars of Iman are six: belief in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His
Messengers, the Last Day and Destiny.

Q4. What is the Author's name?

The author's name is Abul Fawz Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ramadan Al-
Marzuqi Al-Hasani Al-Makki Al-Maliki.

Q5. When did the author die?

The author died 1262 AH (After Hijra of the Prophet ‫)ﷺ‬.

3
 ALLAH'S EXISTENCE & ATTRIBUTES

Q6. What is the legal ruling in Islam for knowing Allah?

Knowledge of Allah is obligatory ( ‫)َفٱْع َلْم ِبُو ُج وِب ٱْلَمْع ِرَفْه‬.
Q7. How many divine attributes are we accountable for knowing?
We are accountable for knowing that twenty divine attributes are necessary for
Allah ( ‫)ِم ْن َو اِج ٍب ِلَّلِه ِع ْش ِريَن ِص َف ْه‬.
Q8. What is the first thing we must know about Allah?
The first thing we must know about Allah is that He exists (‫)َمْوُج وٌد‬.
Q9. How is Allah's existence different from our existence?
Allah's existence has no beginning ( ‫)َقــِد يٌم‬, no end ( ‫)َبــاِق‬, no likeness ( ‫ُم َخ اِلــٌف‬
‫)ِلْلَخ ــْلِق‬, no need ( ‫)َقاِئٌم َغ ِنْي‬, and no partner or composition (‫)َو اِح ٌد‬.

Q10. What else must we affirm for Allah?

Allah is necessarily living ( ‫)َح ّي‬, powerful ( ‫)َقاِد ْر‬, willing (‫)ُم ِريٌد‬, knowing ( ‫)َع اِلٌم‬,
hearing ( ‫)َس ِم يٌع‬, seeing ( ‫)ٱْلَبِص يُر‬, and speaking ( ‫)ٱْلُم ْتَكِّلُم‬.

Q11. Based on the above, what seven attributes must Allah have?
Allah necessarily has the attribute of power (‫)َفُقْد َر ٌة‬, will (‫)ِإَر اَد ٌة‬, hearing ( ‫)َس ْم ٌع‬,
sight ( ‫)َبَص ْر‬, life (‫)َح َي اٌة‬, knowledge ( ‫)ٱْلِع ْلُم‬, and speech ( ‫)َك َل اٌم‬.
4
 ALLAH'S ACTS & QADR

10

Q12. What is logically possible in regards to Allah?

Leaving any possible-thing undone ( ‫ )َتــــْر ٌك ِلُكــِّل ُم ــْم ــِكــٍن‬is logically possible
( ‫ )َج ـــاِئــــٌز‬for Allah, as is His doing something ( ‫)َكـِف ــْع ــِلِه‬. Therefore, everything
that exists besides Him is His act ( ‫ )ِفــْع ــِلِه‬and His qadr resulting from His will
and power in perfect accordance with His knowledge.
Q13. Is His act of rewarding or punishing someone incumbent upon Him?
No. It is not incumbent upon Allah to reward or punish anyone. Rather, if He
rewards, it is from His benevolence ( ‫)ِبـَف ـْض ــــِلــِه‬, and if He punishes, it is from
His justice ( ‫)َو َع ـــْد ِلــِه‬.

5
 ALLAH'S MESSENGERS

11

12

13

Q14. What are the four qualities that Messengers of Allah must have?

The four necessary qualities for the Messengers of Allah are: superb
intelligence ( ‫)َفــَطـاَنــــْه‬, truthfulness (‫)ٱلـِّص ــْدق‬, communicating the message
( ‫)ٱلــَّتــْب ِليِغ‬, and trustworthiness ( ‫)ٱْلَأَم ــاَنــْه‬.

Q15. What is possible for Messengers of Allah?

It is possible ( ‫ )َج اِئـــٌز‬for Messengers of Allah to have common human traits
(‫ )َع َر ِض‬that do not diminish their status and mission (‫)ِبَغ ْي ِر َنْقٍص‬, such as a minor
sickness (‫)َكَخ ِف يِف ٱْلَمَر ِض‬, marriage, having children, or going to the market.

Q16. Are Messengers of Allah infallible?

Yes, the Messengers of Allah, like His Angels, never disobey Allah ( ‫ِع ْص َم ُتــُهْم‬
‫)َك َس اِئِر ٱْلَم َل اِئَك ْه‬.

Q17. Are Messengers of Allah favoured over the Angels?

Yes, the Messengers of Allah are superior to the Angels ( ‫)َو َفـــاَض ُلوا ٱْلَم ـــَل اِئَك ْه‬.

6
 IMPOSSIBLITIES & SUMMARY

14

Q18. What is impossible regarding Allah and His Messengers?

The impossibilities regarding Allah and His Messengers are all matters that
oppose what is necessary ( ‫ ِض ُّد ُكِّل َو اِج ِب‬: ‫ )َو ٱْلُمْس َتِح يُل‬mentioned earlier.

Q19. How many points of belief does the author mention?

The author mentions fifty points ( ‫ )ِلَخ ْم ِس يَن‬of belief regarding Allah and His Messengers:

Allah NECESSARILY: Allah NEVER:

‫َمْوُج وٌد‬ 1. exists 21. is non-existent
‫َقــِد يٌم‬ 2. is beginningless 22. is created
‫َبــاِق‬ 3. is endless 23. is annihilated
‫ُم َخ اِلٌف ِلْلَخ ْلِق‬ 4. is different from creation 24. is similar to anything
‫َقاِئٌم َغ ِنْي‬ 5. is independent 25. is dependent
‫َو اِح ٌد‬ 6. is one 26. is multiple or composite
‫َح ّي‬ 7. is living 27. is dead
‫َقاِد ْر‬ 8. is powerful 28. is powerless
‫ُم ِريٌد‬ 9. is willing 29. is forced to do something
‫َع اِلٌم‬ 10. is knowing 30. is ignorant
‫َس ــِم ـيٌع‬ 11. is hearing 31. is deaf
‫ٱْلَب ِص يُر‬ 12. is seeing 32. is blind
‫ٱْلُم ْت ُم‬
‫ــــ‬‫َكِّل‬ 13. is speaking 33. is speechless
‫ُقْد َر ٌة‬ 14. has power 34. ceases having power
‫ِإَر اَد ٌة‬ 15. has will 35. ceases having will
‫َس ْم ٌع‬ 16. has hearing 36. ceases having hearing
‫َبَص ْر‬ 17. has sight 37. ceases having sight
‫َح َي اٌة‬ 18. has life 38. ceases having life
‫ٱْلِع ْلُم‬ 19. has knowledge 39. ceases having knowledge
‫َكَلاٌم‬ 20. has speech 40. ceases having speech
41.Everything but Allah is His creation and qadr, and He is able to do anything possible.
The Messengers NECESSARILY: The Messengers NEVER:
‫ٱلـ ِّص ــْد ق‬ 42. have truthfulness 46. lie
‫ٱلـ ـ َّت ــ ْب ِل ي ِغ‬ 43. communicate the message 47. withhold the message
‫َفــ َط ـاَنــــ ْه‬ 44. have superb intelligence 48. lack intelligence
‫ٱ ْلَأَم ــاَنــ ْه‬ 45. have trustworthiness i.e. infallible 49. sin

50. It is possible for the Messengers to have human traits that do not diminish their status.

7
 TWENTY-FIVE MESSENGERS OF ALLAH

15

16

17

18

19

20

Q20. How many Messengers are mentioned in the Quran?

The Messengers of Allah mentioned in the Quran are twenty-five ( ‫)َخ ْم َس ٍة َو ِع ْش ِريَن‬.

Q21. Which Messengers are we accountable for knowing?

We are accountable for knowing the twenty-five mentioned in the Quran, namely:
‫آ َد ٌم‬ 1. Adam
‫ِإْد ُس‬
‫ِري‬ 2. Idris (Enoch) ‫ ُم وَس ى‬14. Musa (Moses)
‫ُنو ٌح‬ 3. Nuh (Noah) ‫ ٱْلَيَس ْع‬15. Al-Yasa` (Elisha)
‫ُه و ُد‬ 4. Hud ‫ َد اُو ُد‬16. Dawud (David)
‫َص ا ِلْح‬ 5. Salih ‫ َأُّيوُب‬16. Ayyub (Job)
‫ِإْب َر ا ِه ي ُم‬ 6. Lut (Lot) ‫ ُذو ٱْلِكْف ِل‬18. Dhul Kifl (Ezekiel)
‫ُلو ٌط‬ 7. Ibrahim (Abraham) ‫ ُس َلْيَم اُن‬19. Sulayman (Solomon)
‫ِإْس َم ا ِع ي ُل‬ 8. Isma`il (Ishmael) ‫ ِإْلــَي ــاُس‬20. Ilyas (Elias)
‫ِإْس َح اُق‬ 9. Is'haq (Isaac) ‫ ُيوُنـــْس‬21. Yunus (Jonah)
‫َيْع ُق و ُب‬ 10. Ya`cub (Jacob) ‫ َز َكــِرَّيــا‬22. Zakariyya (Zacharias)
‫ُي و ُس ُف‬ 11. Yusuf (Joseph) ‫ َيـْح َي ٰى‬23. Yahya (John);
‫ُش َع ْي ُب‬ 12. Shu`ayb ‫ ِع يَس ٰى‬24. Isa (Jesus)
‫َه ا ُر و ُن‬ 13. Harun (Aaron) ‫ َطـٰـــَه ٰ َخ ا ٌمَِت‬25. Muhammad (Ta Ha the Seal)
‫َع ـــَلــْي ــِه ُم ٱلــَّص ـــَل اُة َو ٱلــَّس ــــَل اُم‬
Allah bless them all and give them peace

8
 ALLAH'S ANGELS

21

22

23

Q22. What are Angels?

The Angels of Allah are genderless servants made of light without father
( ‫ )ِبَل ا َأٍب‬or mother ( ‫)َو ُأّم‬. They do not eat ( ‫)َلا َأْك َل‬, nor drink ( ‫ )َلا َش ْر َب‬nor
sleep ( ‫)َو َلا َنْو َم َلُهْم‬. They can only obey Allah and are tasked to fulfill various
duties.

Q23. Which Angles are we accountable for knowing?

Although there are countless Angels, we are only accountable for knowing
ten in particular, namely:

‫ِج ــْب ِريُل‬ 1. Jibril - The custodian of revelation.

‫ِم ــيــَكـاُل‬ 2. Mika’il - The custodian of rain and provisions.
‫ِإْس ــــَر اِفـــيـــُل‬ 3. Israfil - The trumpet blower at the end of time.
‫َع ـــْزَر اِئــيـــُل‬ 4. ‘Azra’il - Ceases the human soul at the time of death.
‫ُم ــْنــَك ْر‬ 5. Munkar - Grave interrogator.
‫َنــِكيٌر‬ 6. Nakir - Grave interrogator.
‫َر ِقــيٌب‬ 7. Raqib - Documenter of one's deeds.
‫َع ِتيــُد‬ 8. Atid - Documenter of one's deeds.
‫َم ــاِلٌك‬ 9. Malik - Custodian of the hell-fire and its gate keeper.
‫ِرْض ـَو اُن‬ 10. Ridwan - Custodian of paradise and its gate keeper.

9
 SACRED BOOKS

24

25

26

Q24. What are the Books of Allah?

We are accountable for knowing four main books of Allah:
1. The Torah revealed to Moses ( ‫)َتْوَر اُة ُموَس ٰى‬
2. The Psalms revealed to David ( ‫)َز ُبـــوُر َد اُو َد‬
3. The Gospel revealed to Jesus ( ‫)ِإْنــِج ــيٌل َع ـــَلٰى ِع يَس ٰى‬
4. The Quran revealed to Muhammad the greatest of people (‫)َو ُفْر َقاٌن َع َلٰى َخ ْيِر ٱْلَم َل ا‬
The author also mentions the scrolls of Ibrahim (‫)َو ُص ُحُف ٱْلَخ ــِليِل َو ٱْلَكــِليِم‬.

Q25. What is in the sacred books?

The sacred books contain what Allah revealed to His Messengers of His divine
speech (‫ )ِفي ـَه ا َكـ ـَل اُم ٱْلَح َكِم ٱْلَع ـ ـِليِم‬namely, the stories of previous nations, the
foretelling of the unseen, Allah's commands, prohibitions, promises and warnings.

10
 BELIEF IN MUHAMMAD & THE LAST DAY

27

28

29

30

Q26. Do we have to believe in everything the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬conveyed?

Yes, one is not a believer without conceding and accepting (‫)ٱلــَّتــْس ــِليــُم َو ٱْلــَُق ــُبــوُل‬
everything the Messenger of God ‫ ﷺ‬conveyed.

Q27. Do we have to believe in the Last Day and its events?

Yes, belief in the Last Day is obligatory ( ‫)ِإيَم اُنــَنا ِبــَيــْو ِم آِخ ــٍر َوَج ْب‬, as is belief in all of
the accompanying events however extraordinary they may be ( ‫)َو ُكِّل َم ا َكاَن ِبِه ِم َن ٱْلَعَج ْب‬.
Some of those events of the Last Day include:
1. The Trial of the Grave.
2. The Questioning of the two Angels.
3. The Punishment of the Grave and its Pleasure.
4. The Resurrection (al-Hashr).
5. Gathering of Creation (al-Nashr).
6. The Scale (al-Mizaan) and Records of one’s deeds (al-Suhuf).
7. The Bridge Over Hell (al-Siraat).
8. The Watering Place (al-Hawd).
9. The Final Reckoning (al-Hisaab).
10. Paradise (al-Janna) and Hell (al-Naar).
11. Believers shall depart from Hell.
12. The Intercession of the Prophets & Righteous (al-Shafa`a).

Q28. Do we have to believe in the superiority of the Prophet ‫? ﷺ‬

Yes, it is obligatory to believe in the superiority of the Messenger of God ‫ﷺ‬
and that he is the universal messenger sent to the entire cosmos as a mercy
(‫)ِلْلــَع ــاَلِم ــيــَن َر ْح ــَم ــــًة َو ُفــِّض ــَل ا‬.
11
 PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY
His Lineage, Birth & Mission

31

32

33

34

Q29. What is the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad ‫? ﷺ‬

The Messenger of God ‫ ﷺ‬is Muhammad son of 'Abdullah son of 'Abdul-
Muttalib (Shaybah) son of Hashim ('Amr) son of 'Abdu Munaf (Al-Mugheera)
) ‫(َأُبوُه َع ْبُد ٱلَّلِه َع ْبُد ٱْلُم َّطِلْب َو َه اِش ٌم َع ْبُد َم َناٍف َيْنَتِس ْب‬.
[Remaining fathers to Adnan:] Son of Qusayy son of Kilab son of Murrah son of Ka'b son of
Lu'ayy son of Ghalib son of Fihr (who was called Quraysh) son of Malik son of An-Nadr son
of Kinanah son of Khuzaymah son of Mudrikah son of Elias son of Mudar son of Nizar son of
Ma'ad son of Adnan.

Q30. Who is the mother of the Prophet Muhammad ‫? ﷺ‬

The Prophet's mother is Amina daughter of Wahb from the clan of Zuhra ‫ﷺ‬.
( ‫)َو ُأُّمـــــُه آِم ـــــــَنـــــــــُة ٱلــــُّزْه ـــــِرَّيــــــــــْه‬.
Q31. Who nursed the Prophet Muhammad ‫? ﷺ‬
The Prophet's wet nurse ‫ ﷺ‬was Halima al-Sadiya ( ‫)َأْر َض ـَع ــــُه َح ِليـــَم ــُة ٱلَّس ـــْع ــــِد َّيـــــْه‬.

Q32. Where was he born and where did he pass away ‫? ﷺ‬

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was born in Mecca and passed away in Madina.
) ‫(َم ـــْو ِلـــــُد ُه ِبـــــَم ـــــَّكــَة ٱْلَأِم يـــــَنـــــْه َو َفـــاُتــــــُه ِبــــَطـــْيـــــَبـــَة ٱْلــَم ـــِد يـــَنـــْه‬

Q33. When did he receive revelation and how long did he live ‫? ﷺ‬
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was just over 40 years old when he received revelation ( ‫َأَتــَّم َقــْبـَل‬
‫ )ٱْلـَو ْح ِي َأْرَبـِع ــيــَنــا‬and 63 when he passed away (‫)َو ُع ــْم ـــُرُه َقــــْد َج ــــاَو َز ٱلِّس ـــِّتـــيـــَنا‬.
12
 PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY
His Children & Grand Children

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

Q34. How many children did the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬have?

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had 7 children (‫)َو َس ــْبــــَع ـــٌة َأْو َلاُدُه‬.

Q35. How many sons did the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬have and who were they?
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had 3 boys (‫)َثـــَل اَثــٌة ِم ــَن ٱلــُّذ ُكــوِر‬: (1) Qasim, (2) Abdullah
known as ‫ ٱلَّطِّيُب‬and ‫ َطـــاِه ــٌر‬from Sayida Khadijah, and (3) Ibrahim from
‫َم ــــــاِرَيـــــُة ٱْلــِق ـــْب ــــِط ــــَّيــــْه‬.

Q36. How many daughters did he ‫ ﷺ‬have and who were they?
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had 4 girls ( ‫)َو َأْرَبٌع ِم ـــَن ٱْل ِإ َنــاِث‬: (1) Sayida Fatima al-Zahra
whose husband was Ali ( ‫)َبْع ُلَه ا َع ِلْي‬, both of whom were the parents of "the
two grandsons" ( ‫( ;)َو ٱْبَناُه َم ا ٱلِّس ْب َطاِن‬2) Zaynab; (3) Ruqayya; and (4) Umm
Kulthum.

13
 PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY
His Wives : The Mothers of the Believers

42

43

44

Q37. How many wives did he ‫ ﷺ‬leave behind and who were they?

The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was married to Sayida Khadijah alone for over 20 years until
she passed away (may Allah be pleased with her). He left this world leaving
behind 9 wives ( ‫)َع ْن ِتْس ِع ِنْس َو ٍة َو َفاُة ٱْلُم ْص َطَف ٰى‬. They were all given the choice
( ‫ )ُخ ِّيْر َن َفٱْخ َتْر َن ٱلَّنِبَّي‬to either continue as wives of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬preferring the
life of the hereafter or to give it up in exchange for the life of this world and
its pleasures (Quran 33:28-29). They chose the hereafter and remained the
mothers of the believers ( ‫)ِلْلُم ْؤ ِم ــِنــيــَن ُأَّم ــَه اٌت‬, may Allah be well pleased with
them all:
‫ َع اِئَش ــــٌة‬1. Aisha daughter of Abu Bakr.
‫َح ـــْف َص ـــٌة‬ 2. Hafsa daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab.
‫َس ـــْو َد ُة‬ 3. Sawda daughter of Zam`ah.
‫َص ِف ــَّيــٌة‬ 4. Safiya daughter of Huyayy ibn Akhtab.
‫َم ـــْي ــُم ـــوَنــــٌة‬ 5. Maymuna daughter of al-Harith.
‫َرْم ــــَلـــُة‬ 6. Ramla daughter of Abu Sufyan.
‫ِه ْنـــٌد‬ 7. Hind daughter of Suhayl.
‫َزْيَنــٌب‬ 8. Zaynab daughter of Jahsh.
‫ُج َو ْيــِرَيــْه‬ 9. Juwayriya daughter of al-Harith.
14
 PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY
His Uncles & Aunts

45

Q38. How many uncles and aunts believed in him ‫ ﷺ‬and who are they?
The Prophet's paternal uncles Hamza (‫ )َح ـْم ــَز ُة‬and Abbas ( ‫ )َو َع ـــَّبــاٌس‬accepted
Islam. His paternal aunt Safiya (‫ )َص ــِف ــَّيــٌة‬also accepted Islam.
Other Paternal uncles and aunts of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬are:
‫ الَح اِرث‬1. Al-Harith
‫ ُقــَثـم‬2. Qutham
‫ِل‬
‫ أُبو َطا ب‬3. Abu Talib
‫ أُبو َلَه ب‬4. Abu Lahab
‫ َع بُد الَك عَب ة‬5. Abd Al-Ka`bah
‫ َح جل‬6. Hajl
‫ ِض َر ار‬7. Dirar
‫ ُم َق ِّو م‬8. Muqawwim
‫ الَغيَداق‬9. Al-Ghaydaq
[Aunts:]
‫ِت‬
‫ َع ا َك ة‬10. `Atikah
‫ َأرَو ى‬11. Arwa
‫ ُأَم يَم ة‬12. Umaymah
‫ بَـَّر ى‬13. Barrah
‫ِك‬
‫ ُأم َح يم الَب يَض اء‬14. Umm Hakim al-Bayda'
Note: There is disagreement amongst the scholars over whether Atikah and
Arwa accepted Islam.

15
 PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY
His Night Journey & Ascension

46

47

48

49

50

Q39. What is the Isra of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and when did it happen?
The Prophet's Isra ‫ ﷺ‬is the miraculous night journey from Mecca (‫ )َم َّكٍة‬to
Jerusalem (‫ )ِلُقْدٍس‬and it occurred in a single night (‫ )َلْي ـًل ا‬before his migration
to Madina (‫)َقْب ــَل ِه ْج ــَر ِة‬.
Q40. What is the Mi`raj of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and what did he see?

The Prophet's Mi`raj ‫ ﷺ‬is the miraculous heavenly ascension (‫)ُع ُر وٌج ِللَّس َم ا‬
that occured after the Isra. During this event the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬saw and heard
his Lord (‫ )َر َأى ٱلَّنِبــُّي َرًّبـــا َك َّلـــَم ا‬without modality or encompassment ( ‫ِم ْن َغ ْي ِر َك ْي ٍف‬
‫)َو ٱْنِح َص اٍر‬.
Q41. What was legislated during the Prophet's Mi`raj ‫? ﷺ‬
Allah initially commanded the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and his followers to perform 50
( ‫ )َخ ْم ِس يَن‬prayers a day before it was finally reduced to 5 (‫ )َخ ْم ًس ا‬times a day.

Q42. What happened when he ‫ ﷺ‬returned to Mecca from the Isra ?

When the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬returned he informed ( ‫ )َبـــَّلـــــَغ‬the community ( ‫)ٱْلُأَّمــــــَة‬
about the Isra and the obligatory five daily prayers (‫)َو َفـــْر ِض َخ ْم َس ٍة‬. Abu Bakr
the Truthful ( ‫ )ِص ِّديٌق‬and the faithful believed it without hesitation (‫)ِبـــَل ا ٱْم ـــِتـــَر اِء‬.
16
 CONCLUDING REMARKS & SUPPLICATION
51

52

53

54

55

56

57

Q43. How does the author describe this poem?

The author describes the poem as being a brief introduction ( ‫ )ُم ْخ َتـــَص ـــَر ْه‬on
the the tenets of Islamic belief (‫ )َع ِق يَدٌة‬that is easy ( ‫ )َس ْه ـــَلٌة ُم َي ـــَّس ـــَر ْه‬for non-
experts (‫ )ِلْلـــَع ـــَو اِم‬to grasp.
Q44. How does the author conclude the poem?
The author concludes the poem by stating his name ( ‫)َأْح َم ُد ٱْلَمْر ُز وِقْي‬, praising
Allah ( ‫)َو ٱْلَح ْم ُد ِلَّلِه‬, and sending blessings and peace upon the Prophet ( ‫َو َص َّلٰى‬
‫)َس َّلَم ا َع َلى ٱلَّنِبِّي‬, his family ( ‫)َو ٱْل آِل‬, companions ( ‫)َو ٱلَّص ْح ِب‬, every guide ( ‫َو ُكِّل‬
‫ )ُمْر ِش ِد‬and every follower of guidance (‫)َو ُكِّل َمْن ِبَخ ْي ِر َه ْد ٍي َيْق َتِد ي‬. Finally, he
makes a supplication for sincerity ( ‫ )ِإْخ َل اَص ٱْلَعَم ْل‬and for benefit to those who
study the poem ( ‫)َو َنْف َع ُكـِّل َم ـْن ِبـَه ا َقــِد ٱْش ــَتَغ ْل‬.
Q45. How does he document the number of lines in the poem and the date?
The author mentions that the lines of poetry equals ( ‫ ) َمْيٌز‬i.e. 57 lines. He
mentions the date equals ( ‫ )ِلـي َح ــُّي ُغ ـٍّر‬i.e. 1248 A.H. He named the poem
‫َع ـــِق يــَدَة ٱْلَع ــَو اِم‬.
17
 ‫ِلِك‬ ‫ِق‬ ‫ِد‬
‫للسِّي أبي ٱلَفوِز أحمَد بِن محمد رمضاَن ٱلَمْر ُزِةو ِّي الحَس نِّي ٱلَم ِّكِّي ٱلَم ا ِّي‬
‫( ُتُو ِّفَي ‪ -‬رحمه الله ‪ -‬في سن ‪١٢٦٢‬هـ )‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
 15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

19
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32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

20
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49

50

51

52

53

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55

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57

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 ‫َتَّم ِت اْلَم ْنُظوَم ُة ِبَح ْم ِد ٱلَّلِه‬
‫َو َص َّلى ٱلَّلُه َع َلٰى َس ِّيِد َنا ُمَح َّم ٍد َو َع َلٰى آِلِه َو َص ْح ِبِه َو َس َّلم‬
All praise is for Allah.
This first edition was completed this
29th day of Rabia al-Awwal, 1444

(Tuesday October 25, 2022)

DARALBURHAN.CA