MAT102 - Week 3 Lecture Activities!

Adapted from M. Tvalvadze’s Materials

with edits and additions by J. Thind

Fall 2022

Key Concepts - Functions

As a handy summary, here are the main tools from the reading that we will
need for this week’s activities. You can refer to them as needed when solving
this week’s activity problems.

Let A, B be sets and f : A ! B be a function.

I f is a rule that assigns to each element of a 2 A a single element f (a) 2 B.

I A is called the domain of f .

I B is called the co-domain (or target space) of f .

I The set f (A) = {y 2 B | y = f (a) for some a 2 A} is called the range (or
image) of f .

I The graph of f is the set {(a, f (a)) 2 A ⇥ B}.

I For a subset C ✓ A, the set f (C ) = {y 2 B | y = f (c) for some c 2 C } is

the image of C under f .
Key Concepts - Field Axioms

A set F, with operations +, · and distinguished elements 0, 1 2 F (with 0 6= 1)

is a field if:
0. x + y 2 F and x · y for any x, y 2 F. (Closure)

1. x + (y + z) = (x + y ) + z and x · (y · z) = (x · y ) · z for all x, y , z 2 F.

(Associativity)

2. x + y = y + x and x · y = y · x for all x, y , z 2 F. (Commutativity)

3. x + 0 = x and x · 1 = x for all x 2 F. (Additive and multiplicative

identities)

4. For every x 2 F, there exists w 2 F so that x + w = 0. (Additive inverse)

For every x 6= 0, there exists r so that x · r = 1. (Multiplicative inverse)

5. x · (y + z) = x · y + x · z for all x, y , z 2 F. (Distributivity)

Learning Objectives

At the end of this week’s activities you should be able to:

1. Name, define and identify the parts of a function (domain, codomain,

range/image, graph).

2. Conjecture and prove a statement about functions and identities.

3. For a given set with two operations, you should be able to decide whether
it is, or is not, a field.

4. You should be able to use field axioms to derive other true statements
about fields.
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Since x o we can divideby0 toget
1
Let f : (0, 1) ! R be the function given by f (x) = x + .
x
x
32
1

By foranyxelo o
1. Show that x + 2 for all x > 0.
x
wehavefix x 72
2. Use (a) to prove that f ((0, 1)) ✓ [2, 1).
So fix e 2 4
3. Is it true that f ((0, 1)) = [2, 1)? Justify your answer.

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Take yekid Set x

Functions and Set Operations

since y 2 y 430
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1. Let f : R ! R be given by f (x) = x 2 and C = { 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} and
D = [0, 4].

Find f (C ), f (D), f (C \ D), f (C ) \ f (D).

2
2. Now let A, B be arbitrary sets, and f : A ! B a function.

Prove that if C , D ✓ A, then f (C ) \ f (D) ✓ f (C \ D).

So yeFlo all or
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fllo 1 12,0
Field Axioms - Examples/Non-Examples No it is not closedunderaddition
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Is the set Q [ [ 1, 1], with usual addition and multiplication, a field? Justify
your answer. il o
Notethat toany xf we have
Heid
test 59 5

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Sotogether we get O X test x tix
Field Axioms - Proving Statements About Fields so thx is an additive inverse tox
I
must have thx X
Let F be a field. Prove the following statements using only the field axioms and
claims proved in Section 2.3. Justify each step in your proof. inverse t
1. For any x 2 F we have x = ( 1) · x. Add z to bothsides of xtz ytz
2. If x, y , z 2 F and x + z = y + z, then x = y .
toget
Utz EZ Gtzittt
xt 2 c a Yt Zeta byaxiom
x o y to byaxiom4definitionof z
x y byaxiom
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