Civil Engineering Question & Answers

Prepared by: Mohammed Raheel Mustafa

Q-1: What is ASTM of mixing water to concrete.

Ans-: ASTM 1602

Q-2: Are aluminum parts allowed in concrete?

Ans-: NO/FALSE

Q-3: End of vibrator which is used in concrete.

Ans-: Rubber or Non-Metallic

Q-4: Maximum dropping height of concrete.

Ans-: 1 Meter

Q-5: Maximum time that concrete should be placed.

Ans-: 90 Minutes

Q-6: Size of slump cone.

Ans-: 100x200x300 mm

Q-7: Maximum concrete temperature.

Ans-: 35 Deg.C

Q-8: Concrete cylinder size.

Ans-: 150x300

Q-9: HDG steel is allowed inside concrete?

Ans-: Yes

Q-10: Below foundations you should apply.

Ans-: 50 mm Lean Concrete or Vapor Barrier

Q-11: 28 days compressive strength when using cement 370kg-350kg/m3.

Ans-: 4000 PSI

Q-12: 28 days Compressive Strength of Non-shrink grout as minimum.

Ans-: 5000 PSI

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Q-13: Exposed below ground concrete which type of cement shall use.

Ans-: Type v

Q-14: What is minimum thickness of paving slab under traffic.

Ans-: 150 mm

Q-15: When is post tensioning of steel bars performed.

Ans-: After Concreting

Q-16: Maximum distance of epoxy grout joints.

Ans-: 1.4m as per PIP and 1.2-1.8m as SAES.

Q-17: Curing time of Prime Coat.

Ans-: 24 Hours

Q-18: What is the minimum diameter of anchor bolts for fixing ladders.

Ans-: 16mm

Q-19: What is the minimum thickness of base plate.

Ans-: 12mm

Q-20: What is the minimum distance of anchor bolt from edge of concrete.

Ans-: 100 mm

Q-21: What is the minimum width of trench.

Ans-: Dia of pipe + 400mm

Q-22: Shoring required for excavations when

Ans-: Increase 1.2 meter

Q-23: Minimum compaction for general fill when using machinery.

Ans-: 90%

Q-24: General Fill maximum loose thickness per lift.

Ans-: 300mm

Q-25: Water used for compaction if not available within 20 km.

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Ans-: 10000 PPM

Q-26: Control or construction joints maximum spacing.

Ans-: 6 meters

Q-27: ASTM for concrete cylinder testing.

Ans-: ASTM C39

Q-28: Maximum spacing of rebars for CMU walls.

Ans-: 1.2 meters

Q-29: Select fill thickness below foundations.

Ans-: 600 mm

Q-30: Minimum size of anchor bolt.

Ans-: 20 mm

Q-31: Maximum thickness in laying asphalt.

Ans-: 70mm

Q-32: Base material compaction requirement.

Ans-: 98%

Q-33: When shear is zero, what is bending moment?

Ans-: Maximum

Q-34: What is young's modulus?

Ans-: Mechanical property that measures the tensile stiffness of a solid

material.

Q-35: What is brittle material?

Ans-: A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks with little
elastic deformation and without significant plastic deformation.

Q-36: Gusset and stiffener plate minimum thickness.

Ans-: 10 mm
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Q-37: Rate for prime coat application.

Ans-: 0.65 to 1.75 liter/Seq.meter

Q-38: Sulfur Extended Asphalt Concrete temperature when receiving? Before

applying?

Ans-: 130 to 140 Deg.C

Q-39: Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete temperature when receiving? Before applying?

Ans-: 139 to 163 Deg.C

Q-40: What is a cold joint?

Ans-: Plane of weakness in concrete caused by an interruption or delay in the

concreting operations.

Q-41: SAES for Excavation and Backfill.

Ans-: SAES-A-114

Q-42: Clean Sand material Percentage for passing #200 sieve.

Ans-: 10 or less

Q-43: Maximum size of fill material shall be of lift thickness or 75mm.

Ans-: half of lift thickness or 75mm.

Q-44: Select fill compaction requirement with static load over 320 Kpa.

Ans-: 95% of MPD or 85% of RD

Q-45: What is Marshall Density.

Ans-: Laboratory Compaction Characteristic of Asphalt.

Q-46: Dense concrete cover of steel substrate shall not be less than 50mm,
what is min. fire resist. rating?

Ans-: 2 hours

Q-47: What is Minimum strength of epoxy grout in 7 days.

Ans-: 12000 PSI

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Q-48: What is Minimum cement content for precast structures.?

Ans-: 370kg

Q-49: What is the Minimum size of aggregate in concrete.

Ans-: 10mm

Q-50: What is Contraction Joint.?

Ans-: A contraction joint is formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete

structure to create a weakened plane to regulate the location of cracking

resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure.

Q-51: What is Isolation Joint.?

Ans-: Isolation joints are a gap between the slabs that is typically filled with

preformed joint material for the full depth of the slab.

Q-52: What is Expansion Joint.?

Ans-: An expansion joint in a concrete structure is a separation provided

between adjacent sections to allow movement due to dimensional increases

and reductions of the adjacent sections and through which some or all of the

bonded reinforcement is interrupted. In pavements slabs on ground it is a

separation between slabs filled with a compressible filler material.

Q-53: What is Construction Joint.?

Ans-: A construction joint is the interface between concrete placements

intentionally created to facilitate construction

Q-54: What is spalling in Concrete?

Ans-: Spalling is a term used to describe areas of concrete which have cracked
and delaminated from the substrate. There are a number of reasons why

spalling occurs including freeze thaw cycling, the expansive effects of Alkali

Silica Reaction or exposure to fire.

 Civil Engineering Question & Answers
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Q-55: What is Minimum fillet weld size for structural welds.?

Ans-: Minimum fillet weld size shall be 3/16 inch (5 mm) for structural welds

Seal welds may be 1/8-inch (3 mm) minimum fillet weld.

6/22

Q-56: Who will approve if filler plate requirements greater than 1/8 inch (3

mm).

Ans-: Engineer of Record's approval shall be required for filler plate

requirements greater than 1/8 inch (3 mm).

Q-57: Who will repair sags, deformations, holes, and other irregularities.

Ans-: All sags, deformations, holes, and other irregularities shall be repaired
by Erector.

Q-58: Who will repair damage portion of hot-dip galvanized coatings.

Ans-: All erection damage to hot-dip galvanized coatings shall be repaired by

Erector in accordance with PIP STS05120.

Q-59: Who is responsible for the quality control of all Erector supplied
materials, installations, and workmanship.

Ans-: Erector shall be solely responsible for the quality control of all Erector

supplied materials, installations, and workmanship.

Q-60: Why using vibrator in concrete.

Ans-: Vibrator is using to increase the workability & consolidation of concrete.

Q-61: Why Concrete cracks appear.

Ans-: Due to dehydration, shrinkage.

Q-62: Natural pozzolan use how much % in cement.

Ans-: 25 % percent for normal concrete and up to 65% for special.

Q-63: What is the Minimum height of structure from ground level.

Ans-: 150mm
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Q-64: What is the TDS of Aggregate Washing water.

Ans-: 3500 ppm (parts per million)

Q-65: Maximum size of Aggregate in concrete.

Ans-: 20mm

Q-66: What is Temperature of Cementations Grout.

Ans-: 23+-3

Q-67: What is compressive strength of Cementations Grout.

Ans-: 5000PSI

Q-68: What is the minimum thickness of vehicles paving concrete slab.

Ans-: 150 mm

Q-69: What is maximum size of marl.

Ans-: 75 mm

Q-70: What is 28 days compressive strength of precast concrete.

Ans-: 5000 PSI

Q-71: What is maximum TDS in water for curing of concrete.

Ans-: 1000 PPM

Q-72: What is maximum TDS in water for mixing of concrete.

Ans-: 500 PPM

Q-73: Equipment made of aluminum alloys shall be use in concrete.

Ans-: No

Q-74: Vibrator shall be used for movement of concrete after placement.

Ans-: No

Q-75: Re-tempering of concrete after placement is allowed.

Ans-: No

Q-76: What is Slump cone height.

 Civil Engineering Question & Answers
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Ans-: 300 mm

Q-77: What is Concrete cylinder size.

Ans-: 150x300mm

Q-78: What is the maximum drop height of concrete.

Ans-: 1m

Q-79: What is Shoring depth for excavation.

Ans-: 1.2m

Q-80: Maximum compaction required for cohesion less material when pressure

above to 320kpa.

Ans-: 85%

Q-81: Residential group minimum size bedroom door.

Ans-: 711mm

Q-82: What is Cantilever slab thickness.

Ans-: L/10

Q-83: What is cemetery tile joint smoothness tolerance.

Ans-: 3mm/3m

Q-84: Adding the chemical to concrete what happen.

Ans-: increasing the slump & workability.

Q-85: Maximum time to place concrete at site.

Ans-: 90 minutes

Q-86: HDG Galvanized inside the concrete is allowed.

Ans-: Yes

Q-87: Maximum distance of epoxy grout joint.

Ans-: 1.2 m to 1.8 m (1.4 m as per PIP)

Q-88: MC-1 curing time.

 Civil Engineering Question & Answers
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Ans-: 24 Hours

Q-89: Minimum thickness of anchor bolts using fixing ladder.

Ans-: 20mm

Q-90: Base plates minimum thickness.

Ans-: 12 mm

Q-91: Minimum distance of anchor bolts from edge of concrete.

Ans-: 100 mm

Q-92: Minimum compaction required for general fill.

Ans-: MDD+OMC, 90% & 70%

Q-93: what is General fill lose thickness.

Ans-: 300 mm

Q-94: What is Compaction water TDS.

Ans-: 10000 PPM

Q-95: Core compaction shall be equal to or greater than 95 % of marshal

density

as per ASTM d-1559.

Ans-: Equal to or greater than 95 %

Q-96: The select fill material passing through the sieve no.200.

Ans-: should be 0 to 20%

Q-97: Define One way slab.

Ans-: In a one-way slab, the main source of load transmission is the longer

direction. In a one-way slab, the bending moment occurs in a singular

direction,

Q-98: Define Two-way slab.

Ans-: In the two-way slab, the shorter and larger sides are the main source for

transmission of load. in a two-way slab the bending moment occurs in both

 Civil Engineering Question & Answers
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directions.

Q-99: What is Calcareous material effect in aggregate.

Ans-: Making voids and lower cement strength

Q-100: If water cement ration less.

Ans-1: Increase the strength.

Q-101: What is the ASTM for sampling fresh concrete.

Ans-: ASTM C-172.

Q-102: If sub grade CBR less than 5.

Ans-: Use 200 mm subbase material layer.

Q-103: What is compressive strength of precast concrete.

Ans-: 5000 PSI

Q-104: What is marshal density of asphalt.

Ans-104: 96 %

Q-105: What is Base coarse compaction.

Ans-: 98%

Q-106: What is Asphalt Binder Ratio?

Ans-: 4-7%

Q-107: What is tack coat ratio.

Ans-: 0.25L/Sq.m

Q-108: What is form work tolerance of class A.

Ans-: 3mm/m

Q-109: What is concrete 7 days compressive strength.

Ans-: 3500PSI

Q-110: water used for compaction TDS.

Ans-: 10000 PPM

 Civil Engineering Question & Answers
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Q- What is sand washing water TDS?

Ans-: 3500 PPM

Q-112: What is Non shrink cementious grout PIP.

Ans-: PIP - STS-03600

Q-113: if excavation is more than

Ans-: 6 meters

Q-114: Mix design valid for___

Ans-: 3 years

Q-115: Coated conduit inside the concrete is allowed.

Ans-: Yes

Q-116: Fly ash how much used in concrete.

Ans-: 15-20% by weight of cement.

Q-117: An inherent chemical or physical property with the potential to do harm

stored chemical or mechanical energy.

Ans-: Hazard

Q-118: If the engineer determines that prolonged contact with a corrosive

substance is unavoidable who should be consulted to determine alternate

anchor materials or protective options.

Ans-: Metallurgist.

Q-119: Grout shall be applied only when surrounding temperatures is ...?

Ans-: 32 deg.

Q-120: Galvanized welded wire fabric shall conform to ASTM...?

Ans-: ASTM A767

Q-121: What is compressive strength of mortar.

Ans-: 1800 PSI

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Q-122: What is Girder Construction joint.

Ans-: 2 times width of beam intersection.

Q-123: Young modulus definition.

Ans-: The ration of stress and strain of the body.

Q-124: What are Standard test methods for determining effects of large

hydrocarbon pool fires on structural member and assemblies.

Ans-: ASTM E1529.

Q-125: Concrete Fiber reinforcement used for shear reinforcement shall

comply with ASTM...?

Ans-: ASTM A820.

Q-126: Review of potential needs based on Risk Assessment.

Ans-: Risk Base analysis.

Q-127: Aplastic mixer of approved cementitious material fine aggregates and

water used to bond masonry or other structural units.

Ans-: Mortar.

Q-123: What IS Cold Joint.

Ans-: A weak plane created during concrete operation due to interruption of

unexpected concrete supply.

Q-133: What is ASTM for Fresh Concrete sampling.?

Ans-: ASTM C 172

Q-129: What is minimum projection of Anchor Bolt above fully engage double
nut.

Ans-: Minimum of two threads.

Q-130: Fire Proofing enclosed.

Ans-: ASTM A-450

Q-131: Define Dense Concrete.

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Ans-: Concrete using gravel as an aggregate and having a weight of rou

2,200 to 2,400 kg/m³ (140 to 150 lbs./ft³).

Q-132: Define Lightweight Concrete.

Ans-: Cement using lightweight aggregate materials rather than gravel and

having a weight of roughly 400 to 1,300 kg/m³ (25 to 80 lbs/ft³)

Q-What is ASTM for fresh concrete sampling?

Ans: ASTM C172

Q-134: CLSM stand for?

Ans-134: Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM): A flow able, self-

compacting, cementitious material used primarily as a backfill in place of

compacted fill.

Q-135: Excavation Plan is required if excavation depth is greater than....

Ans-: Consulting Services Department review of the Excavation Plan is

required if excavation depth is greater than 6 m or if the Plan includes support
or protection for existing structures, foundations or underground utilities.

Q-136: What is 28-day compressive strength of CLSM.

Ans-: 28-day compressive strength of CLSM shall be between 0.7 and 1.4 MPa

(100 and 200 psi).

Q-137: The moisture content of the material being compacted shall be

Ans-: within 3%, plus or minus, of the optimum moisture content as determined

by ASTM D1557.

Q-138: All Select Fill Material and any fill beneath and/or adjacent to

foundations, grade beams, mats, buildings, lined slopes or drainage channels,

and process areas.

Ans-: • At least 90% of the maximum Modified Proctor density as determined

by ASTM D1557, or
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• At least 70% Relative Density as determined by ASTM D4253 and ASTM

D4254

Q-139: Select Fill Material beneath and/or adjacent to foundations with static

loads over 320 kPa and foundations for vibrating or heavy machinery.

Ans-: • At least 95% of the maximum Modified Proctor density as determined

by ASTM D1557, or

• At least 85% Relative Density as determined by ASTM D4253 and ASTM

D4254

Q-140: Compaction of Asphalt and concrete pavement subgrades.

Ans-: • At least 95% of the maximum Modified Proctor density as determined

by ASTM D1557, or

• At least 85% Relative Density as determined by ASTM D4253 and ASTM

D4254 for cohesionless granular soils.

Q-141: General Fill Material Compaction requirements for areas not designated

as open or landscaped.

Ans-: At least 90% of the maximum Modified Proctor density as determined by

ASTM D1557, or At least 70% Relative Density as determined by ASTM D4253

and ASTM D4254 for cohesionless granular soils that do not exhibit well-
defined moisture density relationship.

Q-142: General Fill Material compaction requirements for areas designated as

open or landscaped:

Ans-: • At least 85% of the maximum Modified Proctor density as determined

by ASTM D1557, or

• At least 65% Relative Density as determined by ASTM D4253 and ASTM

D4254

for cohesionless granular soils that do not exhibit well-defined moisture

density relationship.

Q-143: What are the Required tests for cohesive soils.

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Ans-: Sieve analysis (ASTM C136, ASTM D422, or ASTM D1140)

Q-144: What are the Required tests for cohesionless soils.

Ans-: Sieve analysis (ASTM C136, ASTM D422, or ASTM D1140)

Relative Density determination (ASTM D4253 and ASTM D4254).

Q-145: What is the Laboratory Control Test Frequency.

Ans-: The control tests specified in Section 6.4.1.1 shall be conducted at a

minimum for every 10,000 m3 where the fill material is uniform or for every

change of source or material type.

Q-146: What are the Field Control Tests

Ans-146: Sand-cone method in accordance with ASTM D1556.

• Nuclear method in accordance with ASTM D2922.

• Rubber balloon method in accordance with ASTM D2167.

• Drive-cylinder method in accordance with ASTM D2937.

The drive-cylinder method per ASTM D2937 may only be used if the compacted

layer is only 15 cm or less.

Q-147: Testing shall be performed at frequencies.

Ans-: 1. Select Fill Material under all foundations, buildings and process areas

one test every 100 m² of each lift.

2. Select Fill Material under roadways, railroads, area pavement and parking

areas, and lined slopes or drainage channels - one test every 200 m² of each
lift.

3. General Fill Material - one test every 500 m² of each lift.

Backfill inches - one test for every 15 linear meters of each lift.

Q-148: What is Mass Concrete?

Ans-: Any volume of structural concrete in which a combination of dimensions

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of the member being cast.

Q-149: What is Marine Structure?

Ans-: Any Facility that is in Contact with sea water.

Q-150: What is Offshore Concrete Structure?

Ans-: Fixed reinforced concrete, for service in deeper waters far from the

shoreline.

Q-151: What is Subkha?

Ans-: Subkha is a saline (generally coastal) deposit generally consisting of

saturated, loose silty sand, and possibly clay.

Q-152: Define Mass Concrete.

Ans-: Any placement of structural concrete with a minimum dimension equal

to or greater than 1,200 mm should be considered mass concrete unless
otherwise specified in contract documents.

Q-153: Vapor barrier thickness and ASTM.

Ans-: Below floor vapor barrier shall be in accordance with ASTM E1745,

and minimum 10 mil (250 µm) thickness unless otherwise specified in contract

documents.

Q-154: Areas subject to spills, wash water, fire water and sidewalk paved

thickness shall be....

Ans-: Areas subject to spills, wash water, fire water and sidewalk shall be
paved with a minimum thickness of 100 mm of reinforced concrete.

Q-155: Paving slabs subject to vehicular traffic minimum thickness.?

Ans-: Paving slabs subject to vehicular traffic shall be a minimum thickness of

150 mm of reinforced concrete.

Q-156: Environmental concrete structures have a minimum 28-day design

compressive strength.?
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Ans-: Environmental concrete structures, shall have a minimum 28-day design

compressive strength of 35 MPa (5,000 psi).

Q-157: Concrete shall be placed in accordance with ............ for hot weather

concreting requirements.

Ans-: Concrete shall be placed in accordance with ACI 301-16, ACI 304R and
SAES-Q-001.

Q-158: The finishing of concrete shall be in accordance with............

Ans-: ACI 301-16 and ACI 117 unless otherwise specified in the construction

drawings or job specification.

Q-159: Maximum total dissolved solids in water used for curing.?

Ans-: For curing shall not exceed 1,000 ppm (parts per million).

Q-160: Water curing shall be continuous until the compressive strength has

reached.?

Ans-: Compressive strength has reached 70% of the specified strength, but not

less than 7 days.

Q-161: The saturated burlaps shall be covered with a plasticized sheet vapor

barrier, with minimum thickness......?

Ans-: vapor barrier, minimum 0.15 mm (6 mils) in thickness.

Q-162: Curing of concrete for environmental engineering structures shall

comply with..........?

Ans-: The provisions of ACI 350.5 and Curing shall occur for a minimum of 14

days.

Q-163: Minimum concrete cover in sulfur pits shall not be less than?

Ans-: 75mm

Q-164: Define dense Concrete.

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Ans-: Concrete using gravel as an aggregate and having a weight of roughly

2,200 to 2,400 kg/m³ (140 to 150 lbs/ft³).

Q-165: Define Lightweight Concrete.

Ans-: Cement using lightweight aggregate materials rather than gravel and

having a weight of roughly 400 to 1,300 kg/m³.

Q-166: Minimum dense concrete cover of steel substrate or reinforcing.

Ans-: Shall be not less than 50 mm.

Q-167: Silica fume, when used as replacement for cement in concrete (binary

mix), shall not be less than 7% and shall not exceed 10% by weight of

cementitious material.

Q-168: Natural Pozzolans (such as volcanic ash) can be used as partial

replacement of cement. Up to 50% of cement can be replaced with natural

pozzolans.

Q-169: Fly ash can be used as partial replacement for cement in concrete
(binary or ternary mix) for durability purposes. The amount of fly ash shall not
be less than 25% by weight of cementitious material.

Q-170: Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) can be used as partial

replacement for cement in concrete (binary or ternary mix) for durability

purposes. The amount of GGBFS shall not be less than 50% and shall not
exceed 70% by weight of cementitious material.

Q-171: The maximum water-soluble chloride ions in concrete shall not exceed

0.15% for reinforced concrete and 0.06% for prestressed concrete by weight
of cement. The maximum Sulfate ions as SO3 shall not exceed 4%. Tests shall
be in accordance with ASTM C1218/C1218M, BS 1881 - 124 or equivalent.

Q-172: Compressive strength requirement at 28 days unless when concrete

contains fly ash or GGBFS, strength requirement is at 56 days.

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Q-173: Complete concrete mix design data shall be submitted to the Purchaser

for approval at least 30 days prior to proposed use.

Q-174: Concrete with high-range water reducing or plasticizing admixtures

shall

have a target or nominal slump of 150 mm, (±40 mm) at the point of discharge
at the job site or otherwise specified.

Q-175: For self-consolidated concrete (SCC), concrete slump flow shall be....

Ans-: Concrete with Ultra High Range Superplasticizer admixtures shall have
a target or nominal slump flow of 600 mm, (±65 mm) at the point of discharge
at the job site or otherwise specified.

Q-176: Plant scales shall be calibrated no less than............ times a year.

Ans-: Plant scales shall be calibrated no less than three times a year and shall
be certified as conforming to ASTM C94/C94M - 17a by Saudi Aramco approved
calibration agency.

Q-177: Test reports shall be submitted within .... days after tests are
completed.

Ans-: Test reports shall be submitted within 7 days after tests are completed.

Q-178: The required compressive strength tests in accordance with ASTM

C39/C39M shall be as follows:

Compressive strength is required at 28 days unless when concrete contains

fly ash, GGBFS or both, strength is required at 56 days.

Test one set of laboratory-cured specimens at 7 days and one set of specimens

at 28 days. Additional test of one set at 56 days for concrete containing natural

pozzolan, fly ash, GGBFS or mix of any cementitious material.

Test one set of field-cured specimens at 7 days and one set of specimens at
28 days. Additional test of one set at 56 days for concrete containing natural

pozzolan, fly ash, GGBFS or a mix of any cementitious material.

Q-179: Sample of aggregates shall be taken at .......?

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Ans-: Samples shall be taken at random and at a frequency of at least one

sample per 200 m³ of aggregate to be shipped, but not less than one sample
per month.

Q-180: Coarse aggregates washing water TDS?

Ans-: Coarse aggregates can be cleaned from dust in order to meet Table A by

water, vacuum suction or air blast. Total dissolved solids in the washing water

shall not exceed 3500 ppm and chlorides shall not exceed 1000 ppm

Q-181: Size of Core Test or Specimens if aggregate size is less then 9.5mm.

Ans-: 50mm/50mm

Q-182: Core Test average passing percentage.

Ans-: 85%