SONAR TECHNOLOGY

A Synopsis Submitted
As part of the Term work Requirement
In the Course

Engineering Physics

Of the

Bachelor of Engineering

Program under

University of Mumbai

By

ROLL. NO. NAME OF THE STUDENTS BRANCH

10165 Michelle Aloz Comps-A
10177 Seanne D’costa Comps-A
10188 Bhoomi Jaiswal Comps-A
10195 Anastasia Lopes Comps-A

April – 2024

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES

Fr. CONCEICAO RODRIGUES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Fr. AGNEL ASHRAM, BANDSTAND, MUMBAI-400050
1. Introduction/abstract Intro : : The word sonar is an acronym derived from
the phrase Sound Navigation and Ranging. It applies to electronic
equipment designed for detecting and tracking objects (targets) at
considerable distances.
2. Sonar are helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because
sound waves travel farther in the water than do radar and light
waves. NOAA scientists primarily use sonar to develop nautical
charts, locate underwater hazards to navigation, search for and map
objects on the seafloor such as shipwrecks, and map the seafloor
itself.

2. Schematic/ functional block diagram

Principle - SONAR works using ultrasonic waves. A transmitter and

receiver are used in SONAR techniques. The whole device has been
loaded into the ship. Ultrasonic waves or ultrasound are generated by the
transmitter. These waves travel across water. Waves pass through water
and hit objects submerged or on the seabed. These waves are reflected
by objects or the seabed after they strike. As a result, the receiver collects
these waves. The ultrasonic waves are then converted into electrical
signals, which are studied to determine underwater conditions and
obstacles.
Components:
Monitor : It shows us the display of what the sensor has detected
Control unit: The sonar control unit converts the signal into a detection distance signal and
transmits it to the AV control unit via CAN communication.
Transceiver: Transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a transmitter and
a receiver, hence the name. It can both transmit and receive sound waves.
Transducer :A sonar transducer is a device that generates acoustic energy and or receives
acoustic energy. Sonar transducers used in the Navy usually consist of arrays of individual
transducer elements so that directional beams are formed to send or receive acoustic energy
into directions where it is wanted

3. List of materials/components

Sr.No Material/component Cost

1 Distance measuring sensor 189rs
2 Compatible development board 475rs
3 Micro servo motor 82 rs
4 3 type jumper cables 99rs
5 Breadboard 169rs
4. Application (if any)
Applications of Sonar are:
1.For underwater communications, ships and submarines use special sonars.
2.Sonar is used in medical imaging to detect cysts and cancer cells, and this process is
known as sonogram.
3.It is used by the military to track enemy warships and submarines.
4.Sonar is often used to monitor pipelines that transport oil and gas in order to detect
potential damage.
5.It is used for many scientific sea researches to measure features like depth of the
sea at point.

5. Plan of work

1. Fix the sensor in a holder. This holder can be store brought.

2. Attach the sensor to the servo

3. Fix the servo and the compatible development board on opposite ends of a

Breadboard

4. Make the necessary connections with wires

5. Attach the compatible board to the computer with a cable

6. Type a code on the computer. This code will help display whatever the sensor has
detected.

7. When the range is clear, we will see green lines in the range.

8. If an undesirable object comes into the range of the sensor, red lines will be shown on the
computer screen.

Sr.No Days Required Work to be done

1. 1-6 Collection of materials
2. 2-3 Assembly of materials
3. 4-5 Finishing project and testing
4. 1-2 Final checking and
improvements

6. Reference-
1.

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sonar.html#:~:text=Sonar%20uses%20sound%20waves
%20to%20'see'%20in%20the%20water.&text=Sonar%2C%20short%20for%20Sound%20Navi
gation,do%20radar%20and%20light%20waves.

2.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/explain-the-working-and-application-of-sonar/

3.
http://www.nissantechnicianinfo.mobi/htmlversions/2015_June-
July%20Issue%202/Sonar_Control.html#:~:text=The%20sonar%20control%20unit%20converts,or%2
0sensor%20harness%20open%20circuits.

4.
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1068326

THE END