12 TOPIC ComplexNunbers :and

Quadratic Equations

OBJECTIVE
To obtain aquadratic function with the help of linear function
graphically.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
" Card board " Graph paper
" Pieces of wires " Coloured pencils
" Eraser " Adhesive

PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE
Linear Function

" Afunction of the form y = a + bx or f) = a + bx is called linear function, herex is independent variable
and y is dependent variable, a is constant term, i.e., if x = 0 the value of y is a.
b is the coefficient of independent variable x, it is slope or rate change of dependent variable y.
" To draw the graph of linear functions we take two points which satisfy the given equation and plot them
on graph paper, thus for these functions we obtain straight lines as drawn in previous class.
Quadratic Function: A function of the form fr) = ax? + bx + c or y= ax + bx + c is called quadratic
function, where a#0 and a, b, chave some numerical values. The graph of quadraticfunction is a curve
known as a parabola. These parabolas may be opened upward or downward as per given functions.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
" Take a cardboard and fix a graph paper on it of convenient size with adhesive.
" Draw two straight perpendicular lines in the middle of graph paper to represent r-axis and y-axis as shown
in Fig. 12.1.
 " Now to draw the fix it in such a way that it meets
graph of y= -a, take a piece of wire and
direction and it meets y-axis at a distance a units X-axis
below Orios
at
dstance a units from origin in pOsitive
as shown in Fig. 12,1. Mark these points B and A respectively.
" Now to draw the graph of y=-b, take another wire and fix it in such a way that it meets the x-axis
at a distance bunits from origin in the positive direction and y-axis at a distance b units below oorigin as
shown in Fig. 12.1, name these points D and C respectively.
points where the
" Take one more wire of suitable length and fix it in such a way that it passes through the
as showe
above two wires meets x-axis, L.e. points B and D and wire takes the shape of a curve (parabola)
in Fig. 12.1.
" Along the wire draw lines and curve (parabola) with pencils of different colours.

y= K(X-a)(-b),
where a b>o

BVa, 0Y
X
D(b, 0)
A(0,-a)

FIG. 12.1

DEMONSTRATION
" The wire passing through the points A and B represents the straight line y = x- a.
This line passes through the points A (0, -a) and B (a, 0),
" The wire passes through the points C
respectively.
and represents the straight line y = x - b.
D
This line passes through the points C (0, -b) and D (6, 0),
The wire passes through the points B and D respectively.
represents a curve given by function y =k (x- a) (*-b) where
k is an arbitrary constant. i.e., y = k[*-(a + b)x +
ab].

48 Laboratory Manual in Mathematics - XI

 + - X+=
OBSERVATIONS
me line y = *-a ntersectsS *-aXis at the
point B whose coordinates are (a, 0).
The 1ine y x -b intersects x-axis at the
point D whose coordinates are (b, 0).
Mhe curve passes through the points B and D
whose coordinates are (a, 0) and (b, 0)
adratic function i.e., y = k (* - a) (* - b) where k is anarbitrary constant. respectively is a

RESULT
mhus we can obtained a quadratic function
with the help of two linear functions
graphically.
APPLICATION
We can find zeroes of functions using this activity.

VIVA-VO CE
1. What do you mean by linear function?
Ans. Quadratic functions form their graph in the form
Ans. A function of the form f() =a+ bx or y = a + bx
is known as linear function of parabolas.
where a and b are
numbers. 4. Write general form of quadratic function.
2. Which type of shape we obtained for linear Ans. f(«) = ax + bx + c where a # 0 and a, b andc
function? are numerical arbitrary values.
Ans. Linear functions form their graphs in the form of 5. Write the c0-ordinate of vertex of
a straight line. parabola
y = 4ax.
3. Which type of graph, we obtain for
function? quadratic Ans. Vertex of this parabola is at (0, 0).