ie & rest cope 02107020 | FORM TP 2023171 MAY/JUNE 2023 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® BIOLOGY UNIT 1— Paper 02 2 hours 30 minutes pa a ea READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of THREE questions. Answer ALL questions 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. | 3. Do NOT write in the margins. 4. You may use a silent, non-programmable ealculator to answer questions 5. Youare advised to take some time to read through the paper and plan youranswers. | 6. Ifyou need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer, 7. _ Ifyou use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clear the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, inelude the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2022 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. IL 02107020/Ms/CAPE 2023 0.0 00 08 | ieFORIV SUL NI ALA LON OG ___VAUVSUHL NIALTIM LON OG VARIN STILE NITLTUA LON 04 IDIV SITLL NT ALAC LON OF GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED. 02107020/MI/CAPE 2023a =| Module 1 — Cell and Molecular Biology (2) Figure 1 shows the structure of two amino acids, A and B. ° a Z Son Amino Acid A Amino Acid B Figure 1, Structure of Amino acids A and B. (Identify the parts labelled and 11 on Amino acid B. [2 marks] Gi) Drawa diagram to shown how Amino acids A and B form a dipeptide. [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE al 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 L nur (6) Complete the following table by identifying the monomer -6- ql and the type of linkage for EACH polymer, Row | has been completed as an example. @® oc lymer Momomer Linkage Poly Amino acids Peptide Protein if : Cellulose Glucose 5 Amylose Obs = | Gil) re ” Glycogen (iv) eee a er (Vi) sans (6 marks} consider the following procedure that is used to determine the effect of temperature on Yeast respiration. 1 Set up five water-baths of varying temperatures: 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60°C. 2. Using a 20 em? syringe, take up 5 em of yeast suspension. 3. Take up 10 em? of sucrose solution into the same syringe. 4. Draw the plunger of the syringe back until itis close to the end of the barrel. Invert the syringe to gently mix the contents. 5. Place the syringe into the water-bath horizontally. Ensure that the nozzle (which is off-centred) is on the side of the syringe close to the surface of the water, 6. Allow the syringe to equilibrate for five minutes. 7- Wait until gas bubbles begin to be expelled from the tip of the syringe at regular intervals. Start stopwatch and count the number of bubbles released in one minute Record your results 8. Repeat the method a further two times, to obtain three repeats for each temperature. 9. Repeat Steps | to 8 for the other four temperatures, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/Mi/CAPE 2023 G [he 00000 |r > 4 (State ONE responding and ONE manipulated variable in the experiment. [2 marks] (ii) Suggest ONE suitable control for the experiment. [1 mark] Gil) Outline your predicted results for the investigation. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE _| 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 IL@ @ (i) Describe the induced fit hypothesis. [2 marks) ‘A farmer accidentally ingests an organophosphate insecticide. He starts to move involuntarily and experiences paralysis. ‘The farmer is rushed to the emergency room, where doctors administer a high dose atropine, an antidote Organophosphates inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). If exposure to organophosphates is left untreated for a prolonged period, this can lead to symptoms such as involuntary movement and paralysis, which were experienced by the farmer. Atropine acts by mimicking the substrate, binding to the enzyme reversibly and preventing the organophosphate from binding to the acetylcho- Jinest With the aid of a diagram, explain how acetylcholinesterase is inhibited by or- ganophosphates and atropine. Your diagram MUST be drawn in the space pro- vided on page 9 using the following symbols, You MUST present your response in complete paragraphs ae Pt AChE Acetylcholine Atropine Organophosphate Inactive ‘AChE, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 = iN JInhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphates GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 li opin |ir -10- =| Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by atropine [2 marks) Total 30 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 (es 9 sil te[_ == =| Module 2 — Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection (a) Variation refers to the differences in a particular trait between individuals within a species caused by genetic and environmental factors. () Define the term ‘species’ according to the biological species concept. 2 marks} (ii) State TWO reasons why genetic variation is important to a species. iw marks] (6) (i) __ Describe THREE types of natural selection which can occur in a population. efmac i] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. a 02107020/MJ/CAPE 20232 al Table | shows the percentage mortality of human babies with respect to birth weight TABLE 1; PERCENTAGE MORTALITY OF HUMAN BABIES WITH RESPECT TO BIRTH WEIGHT T % Mortality Birth Weight of Babies/kg | 10 80 14 55 18 30 a 10 25 32, 1s 3 25 4il 3.0 45 60 50. 15.0 Source: Adapted from hitps./www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/ Stabilizing Selection in_Humans.himl (i) On the grid provided on page 13, plot the data given in Table 1 as a line graph h shows the mortality of babies in relation to birth weight [Smarks} the type of natural selection shown in the graph in relation to the birth (ii) dent \clude TWO reasons for your answer ight of newboms. You must [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 [ssGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02107020/MI/CAPE 2023, lis 0 “il- “He 7 (©) The Caribbean Anoles are a group of lizards from the genus Anolis. There are about 154 species in the Caribbean, They are the descendants of a few colonizing species from South America that arrived over 40 million years ago in Hispaniola or Cuba. They spread throughout the Caribbean, with each island having species unique to the island as well as different species within the islands. Different anoles species may be found in different habitats on the islands, for example, ‘ovigs, grassy areas, broad surfaces on the ground or tree trunks. The male members of each species have different types of dewlaps (a colourful flap of skin under the throat which is used to court the females). Speciation accounts for the huge diversity of anoles in the Caribbean, (i) Identify TWO isolating mechanisms and TWO types of speciation which resulted in the number of species of anoles. “ [4 marks} (ii) Discuss how TWO isolating mechanisms resulted in the speciation of the anoles Which arrived in Hispaniola or Cuba, You MUST present your response in com- plete paragraphs. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE nye | 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023[8 marks] Total 30 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. | 02107020/M3/CAPE 2023 Ee bei nie a Module 3 — Reproductive Biology 3. (a)_ Figure 2 shows the longitudinal section through the flowers of angiosperms — Anther —Stigma Figure 2, Longitudinal section through flowers of an; perms Source: hitps:/www.researchgate.net/publication/327685131 Towards_a_unified terminology for_angiosperm_reproductive_system (Draw arrows on Figure 2 to show how pollen will move between the two flowers. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | (02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Pent WRITE IN THIS AREA | ponor ave ml (i) Explain how ONE feature of the flowers shown in Figure 2 is advantageous for plants. [3 marks] (iii) Describe TWO other named mechanisms which ensure that pollen moves in the i) same direction as explained in (a) od marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023r 2 2 (b) Figure 3 shows a light micrograph of an ovarian secondary oocyte. ASS dean Figure 3. Light micrograph of ovarian secondary oocyte Source: hnips://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1006640/view (Inthe space below, draw a plan diagram of the secondary oocyte shown in Figure a Sj [5 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE al 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 Lessie -19- | IL & ii) Describe the functional role of the zona pellucida and granulosa cells in the fertilization process. [4 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023-20- | (©) Men and women can experience problems with the production of spermatocytes and are controlled by various hormones in the human body. A oocytes respectively which m count and women who fertility clinic recommends a drug to treat men with a low sper are not ovulating. Figure 4 below shows the impact of the fertility drug on gametogenesis in men and women. B. Drug mechanism In Females ‘A. Drug mechanism in Males © tiermon acon boted by drug in men and women. Figure 4. The impact of the fertility drug on gametogenes! Discuss how the drug in Figure 4 helps to treat low sperm count in men and women who are not ovulating. You MUST present your response in complete paragraphs. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107020/MI/CAPE 2023 L ng Al[12 marks} Total 30 marks END OF TEST IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. The Council has made every effort to trace copyright holders. However, ifany have been inadvertently overlooked, or any material has been incorrectly acknowledged, CXC will be pleased to correct this at the earliest opportunity. 02107020/MJ/CAPE 2023 =| jes