English 1st Quarter Exam Reviewer
Grade 10
LITERATURE
- Literatura is a Latin word meaning
“writing formed with letters”.
- Any written work, spoken materials,
creative language, be in
fiction/non-fiction, or prose/poetry.
PROSE vs. POETRY
★ Prose uses paragraphs and it can’t
have wrong grammar.
★ Poetry uses stanzas and can use
incorrect grammar.
Literary writing is anything where the
purpose is to express thoughts, feelings, or
emotions rather than to simply convey
information.
SEVEN LITERARY STANDARDS by
William J. Long
● Artistry - creative language
● Suggestiveness - symbolism
● Intellectual Value - critical thinking
● Spiritual Value - motivation
● Permanence - time
● Universality - relevance
● Style - technique
ARTISTRY
It describes literature that is aesthetically
appealing and reveals/conveys hidden truth
and beauty.
- Does it move me?
- Do the words of the persona add
colors/texture to the whole literary
piece?
SUGGESTIVENESS
It relies on emotional power to convey
symbolism, implied meanings, imagery, and
messages.
- What does it mean?
- Do the words used by the
persona/author mean something
else?
INTELLECTUAL VALUE
It promotes critical thinking that enhances
both abstract and reason-based thought
processes and makes readers focus on the
fundamentals of life and nature.
- Does it tickle my imagination?
SPIRITUAL VALUE
It lifts up the inner spirit and soul. This has
the power to motivate and inspire readers.
PERMANENCE
Determined by a written work's ability to
stand the test of time, which makes it
impossible to determine at the moment of
writing.
➔ Timeless - occurring at a particular
time
➔ Timelessness - remains constant
through time
UNIVERSALITY
Describes a piece of writing that appeals to
the hearts and minds of most readers
(relevance).
STYLE
The distinct way an author expresses their
thoughts (how the author writes). It is
subject to the interpretation by readers in
terms of its appeal.
LITERATURE OF ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Mesopotamia is considered to be where
civilization began. Summerians used
cuneiform, a style or way of writing.
The Hebrew Bible and the Egyptian Book
of the Dead are valuable to understanding
the wisdom of the ancient world (both talk
about afterlife and supernatural beings).
BIBLE or SACRED SCRIPTURES are a
compilation of sacred writings of early
Hebrews.
BOOK OF PSALMS or PSALTER is a
collection of 150 psalms, written to express
praise, thanksgiving, patience, or
supplication.
PSALM 1
¹ Happy are those who do not follow the
advice of the wicked,
Or take the path that sinners tread,
Or sit in the seat of scoffers;
² But their delight is in the law of the LORD,
and in his law they meditate day and night.
³ They are like trees planted by streams of
water, which yield their fruit in its season,
and their leaves do not wither. In all that
they do, they prosper.
⁴ The wicked are not so, but are like chaff
that the wind drives away.
⁵ Therefore the wicked will not stand in the
judgment,nor sinners in the congregation of
the righteous;
⁶ for the LORD watches over the way of the
righteous, but the way of the wicked will
perish.
PSALM 36
¹ Transgression speaks to the wicked deep
in their hearts; there is no fear of God
before their eyes.
² For they flatter themselves in their own
eyes that their iniquity cannot be found out
and hated.
³ The words of their mouths are mischief
and deceit; they have ceased to act wisely
and do good.
⁴ They plot mischief while on their beds;
they are set on a way that is not good; they
do not reject evil.
⁵ Your steadfast love, O LORD, extends to
the heavens, your faithfulness to the clouds.
⁶ Your righteousness is like the mighty
mountains, your judgments are like the
great deep; you save humans and animals
alike, O LORD.
⁷ How precious is your steadfast love, O
God! All people may take refuge in the
shadow of your wings. They feast on the
abundance of your house, and you give
them drink from the river of your delights.
For with you is the fountain of life; in your
light we see light.
¹⁰ O continue your steadfast love to those
who know you and your salvation to the
upright of heart!
¹¹ Do not let the foot of the arrogant tread on
me, or the hand of the wicked drive me
away.
¹² There the evildoers lie prostrate; they are
thrust down, unable to rise.
IDENTIFYING THE STYLE, IMAGERY,
AND TONE
STYLE
It is the distinctive way that an author
expresses the context of his/her work. It
also uses diction.
IMAGERY
The descriptive words that appeal to the
senses (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory,
tactile, and motion).
TONE Greek literature. Much of what we know
It refers to the author’s attitude towards a about the life and culture of the early
certain topic. The author reveals their Greeks is embodied in these epics.
feelings and opinions to the reader.
Central to these epics is the view that
PRONOUNS humans are mortal beings that aspire to be
It is a part of speech wherein it replaces a immortalized through a life of activity and
noun that has already been mentioned. (ex. heroic action which ultimately ends in death.
he, she, him, her, it, they, them) War is viewed as a necessary part of life
and the ordeals of battle are the absolute
COMPOUND PERSONAL PRONOUNS test and measure of heroism and
These are pronouns that end with -self or immortality.
-selves.
FIRST SECOND THIRD The pivotal characters in the two
PERSON PERSON PERSON epics-Achilles, Hector, and Odysseus- all
make crucial choices and face difficult
myself yourself himself/herself
challenges and adversaries that they accept
ourselves yourselves itself/ oneself/ and confront fearlessly as part of their
themselves
inevitable fate. In their fights and in their
decisions, these characters mirror the
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS highest ideals and beliefs valued by the
A compound personal pronoun is ancient Greeks.
reflective when the action expressed by the
verb in the sentence refers back to the "In Media Res" - in the middle of things
subject.
ex. An evildoer finds himself thrust down
and unable to rise.

INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
A compound personal pronoun is
intensive if it is only used for emphasis.
ex. An evildoer himself chooses to harm
others. They make wrong choices
themselves.

GREEK LITERATURE
Plato, Greek philosopher and teacher of
Aristotle, referred to Homer as the
"educator of Greece." Despite obscure
details about his life, Homer has been
widely acknowledged by scholars for the
impact that his major works, the Iliad and
the Odyssey, have had on Western culture.
These two epics are centerpieces of ancient Notes owner: Julienne Amular