Physiology book by indu khurana pdf

Physiology book indu khurana pdf.

Complemented with numerous tables and flowcharts for quick comprehension.

Applied aspects, highlighted in the boxes, have been expanded and updated with recent molecular concepts on pathophysiology, advances in investigations and therapeutic principles. Additional important
information has been highlighted as important notes.

The third edition of this book incorporates thoroughly revised and updated text, organized into twelve sections and arranged in three parts. Part I: General Physiology includes one section having five chapters. Part II: Systemic Physiology has been arranged into ten sections, one on each body system. Part III: Specialized integrated physiology includes
one section comprising of seven chapters. . Complete and up-to-date text incorporating recent advances. Illustrated by more than 1100 clear line diagrams. Complemented with numerous tables and flowcharts for quick comprehension. Applied aspects, highlighted in the boxes, have been expanded and updated with recent molecular concepts on
pathophysiology, advances in investigations and therapeutic principles. Additional important information has been highlighted as important notes. The above features of this book make it an indispensable text for postgraduates in Physiology. Candidate preparing for PG entrance examination would also find it as an authentic reference
source.Complimentary access to full e-book.
Page 1 Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Khurana_Prelims.indd ii Khurana_Prelims.indd ii 8/11/2011
2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Indu Khurana Senior Professor, Department of Physiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited New Delhi Khurana_Prelims.indd iii Khurana_Prelims.indd
iii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students, 1/e Indu Khurana ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited Mosby, Saunders, Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth-Heinemann and Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science imprints of Elsevier. © 2012 Elsevier All rights reserved. No part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-81-312-2805-0 Medical knowledge is constantly changing. As new information becomes available, changes in
treatment, procedures, equipment and the use of drugs become necessary.
The authors, editors, contributors and the publisher have, as far as it is possible, taken care to ensure that the information given in this text is accurate and uptodate. However, readers are strongly advised to confirm that the information, especially with regard to drug dose/usage, complies with current legislation and standards of practice.

Indu khurana physiology book price.

The third edition of this book incorporates thoroughly revised and updated text, organized into twelve sections and arranged in three parts. Part I: General Physiology includes one section having five chapters. Part II: Systemic Physiology has been arranged into ten sections, one on each body system. Part III: Specialized integrated physiology includes
one section comprising of seven chapters. . Complete and up-to-date text incorporating recent advances. Illustrated by more than 1100 clear line diagrams. Complemented with numerous tables and flowcharts for quick comprehension. Applied aspects, highlighted in the boxes, have been expanded and updated with recent molecular concepts on
pathophysiology, advances in investigations and therapeutic principles. Additional important information has been highlighted as important notes. The above features of this book make it an indispensable text for postgraduates in Physiology. Candidate preparing for PG entrance examination would also find it as an authentic reference
source.Complimentary access to full e-book. Page 1 Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM
Khurana_Prelims.indd ii Khurana_Prelims.indd ii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Indu Khurana Senior Professor, Department of Physiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited
New Delhi Khurana_Prelims.indd iii Khurana_Prelims.indd iii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students, 1/e Indu Khurana ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited Mosby, Saunders, Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth-Heinemann and Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science
imprints of Elsevier. © 2012 Elsevier All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-81-312-2805-0 Medical knowledge is
constantly changing. As new information becomes available, changes in treatment, procedures, equipment and the use of drugs become necessary. The authors, editors, contributors and the publisher have, as far as it is possible, taken care to ensure that the information given in this text is accurate and uptodate. However, readers are strongly
advised to confirm that the information, especially with regard to drug dose/usage, complies with current legislation and standards of practice. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing prescriptions for any product mentioned in the publication. Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited. Registered Office:
622, Indraprakash Building, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001. Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase-II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India. Managing Editor: Shabina Nasim Copy Editor: Shrayosee Dutta Manager – Publishing Operations: Sunil Kumar Manager – Production: NC Pant Production Executive:
Arvind Booni Cover Designer: Raman Kumar Typeset by Olympus Infotech Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India (www.olympus.co.in). Printed and bound at Khurana_Prelims.indd iv Khurana_Prelims.indd iv 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ExtraTorrent | h33t To the teachers and
residents in physiology for their endeavour to dissipate and acquire knowledge My parents and teachers for their blessings My children, Aruj and Arushi, for their patience and tolerance shown to loss of many precious moments My husband, Dr AK Khurana, for his understanding, encouragement and invaluable guidance Khurana_Prelims.indd v
Khurana_Prelims.indd v 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM “This page intentionally left blank" Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students provides a thorough exposition of the text in such a balanced way that the undergraduate medical students can easily cover the syllabus during the one-year period provided for the first professional
in the revised curriculum by Medical Council of India, and also find adequate material while preparing for various post- graduate entrance tests. The text on core and applied aspects of human physiology has been skilfully intermingled for the students to apply their learning in clinical situations. The subject matter on various systems has been
arranged into twelve sections and each section has been subdivided into various chapters. Metabolism and Nutrition has purposely not been included in this book; since, it is mainly covered in biochemistry books and there is no point in repeating the information here. The salient features of this book which make it an indispensable tool for
undergraduate medical students are: � Each section begins with brief overview highlighting the topics covered. The text is then organized in such a way that the students can easily understand, retain and reproduce it. � Various levels of headings, subheadings, bold face and italics given in the text will be helpful for a quick revision of the subject.

Illustrated by more than 1100 clear line diagrams. Complemented with numerous tables and flowcharts for quick comprehension.
Applied aspects, highlighted in the boxes, have been expanded and updated with recent molecular concepts on pathophysiology, advances in investigations and therapeutic principles. Additional important information has been highlighted as important notes. The above features of this book make it an indispensable text for postgraduates in
Physiology. Candidate preparing for PG entrance examination would also find it as an authentic reference source.Complimentary access to full e-book. Page 1 Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students
Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Khurana_Prelims.indd ii Khurana_Prelims.indd ii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Indu Khurana Senior Professor, Department of Physiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, University
of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited New Delhi Khurana_Prelims.indd iii Khurana_Prelims.indd iii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students, 1/e Indu Khurana ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited Mosby, Saunders,
Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth-Heinemann and Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science imprints of Elsevier. © 2012 Elsevier All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-81-312-2805-0 Medical knowledge is constantly changing. As new information becomes available, changes in treatment, procedures, equipment and the use of drugs become necessary. The authors, editors, contributors and the publisher have, as far as it is possible, taken care to ensure that the
information given in this text is accurate and uptodate. However, readers are strongly advised to confirm that the information, especially with regard to drug dose/usage, complies with current legislation and standards of practice. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing prescriptions for any product mentioned in the publication.
Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited. Registered Office: 622, Indraprakash Building, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001. Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase-II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India. Managing Editor: Shabina Nasim Copy Editor: Shrayosee Dutta Manager –
Publishing Operations: Sunil Kumar Manager – Production: NC Pant Production Executive: Arvind Booni Cover Designer: Raman Kumar Typeset by Olympus Infotech Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India (www.olympus.co.in). Printed and bound at Khurana_Prelims.indd iv Khurana_Prelims.indd iv 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Proudly sourced and
uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ExtraTorrent | h33t To the teachers and residents in physiology for their endeavour to dissipate and acquire knowledge My parents and teachers for their blessings My children, Aruj and Arushi, for their patience and tolerance shown to loss of many precious moments My husband, Dr AK Khurana, for
his understanding, encouragement and invaluable guidance Khurana_Prelims.indd v Khurana_Prelims.indd v 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM “This page intentionally left blank" Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students provides a thorough exposition of the text in such a balanced way that the undergraduate medical students can
easily cover the syllabus during the one-year period provided for the first professional in the revised curriculum by Medical Council of India, and also find adequate material while preparing for various post- graduate entrance tests. The text on core and applied aspects of human physiology has been skilfully intermingled for the students to apply their
learning in clinical situations. The subject matter on various systems has been arranged into twelve sections and each section has been subdivided into various chapters. Metabolism and Nutrition has purposely not been included in this book; since, it is mainly covered in biochemistry books and there is no point in repeating the information here. The
salient features of this book which make it an indispensable tool for undergraduate medical students are: � Each section begins with brief overview highlighting the topics covered. The text is then organized in such a way that the students can easily understand, retain and reproduce it. � Various levels of headings, subheadings, bold face and italics
given in the text will be helpful for a quick revision of the subject. � Relevant functional anatomy given in the beginning of each chapter is quite useful in conceptualizing the subject. � The text is illustrated with plenty of diagrams. The illustrations mostly include clear line diagrams providing vivid and lucid details. � To further enhance the lucidity
of the book each section is presented in a different colour format and the text and the figures are presented in four colour. � In order to emphasize the clinical significance of physiology, the relevant applied aspect has been covered adequately in each chapter. � Tables and flowcharts given in abundance will help in quick comprehension of the text.
No venture of this kind is possible without the blessings of teachers and parents to whom I shall remain ever indebted. I owe this arduous task to the love and patience of my children Aruj, Bhawna and Arushi. It would have not been possible for me to complete this task without the unconditioned help of my inspirator Dr AK Khurana, Sr Prof and Head,
RIO, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, who has not only guided me during each and every step in the preparation of this book but also authored the chapter on ‘Sense of Vision’. I am extremely grateful to the faculty members and resident doctors of Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak for their generous help
(especially Dr Manjeet and Dr Jai).

Indu khurana physiology book price.

The third edition of this book incorporates thoroughly revised and updated text, organized into twelve sections and arranged in three parts. Part I: General Physiology includes one section having five chapters. Part II: Systemic Physiology has been arranged into ten sections, one on each body system. Part III: Specialized integrated physiology includes
one section comprising of seven chapters. . Complete and up-to-date text incorporating recent advances. Illustrated by more than 1100 clear line diagrams. Complemented with numerous tables and flowcharts for quick comprehension. Applied aspects, highlighted in the boxes, have been expanded and updated with recent molecular concepts on
pathophysiology, advances in investigations and therapeutic principles. Additional important information has been highlighted as important notes. The above features of this book make it an indispensable text for postgraduates in Physiology. Candidate preparing for PG entrance examination would also find it as an authentic reference
source.Complimentary access to full e-book.
Page 1 Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Khurana_Prelims.indd i Khurana_Prelims.indd i 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:52 PM Khurana_Prelims.indd ii Khurana_Prelims.indd ii 8/11/2011
2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students Indu Khurana Senior Professor, Department of Physiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited New Delhi Khurana_Prelims.indd iii Khurana_Prelims.indd
iii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students, 1/e Indu Khurana ELSEVIER A division of Reed Elsevier India Private Limited Mosby, Saunders, Churchill Livingstone, Butterworth-Heinemann and Hanley & Belfus are the Health Science imprints of Elsevier. © 2012 Elsevier All rights reserved. No part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-81-312-2805-0 Medical knowledge is constantly changing. As new information becomes available, changes in treatment, procedures, equipment and the use of drugs become necessary. The authors, editors, contributors and the publisher have, as far as it is possible, taken care to ensure that the information given in this text is accurate and
uptodate.
However, readers are strongly advised to confirm that the information, especially with regard to drug dose/usage, complies with current legislation and standards of practice. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing prescriptions for any product mentioned in the publication. Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India
Private Limited. Registered Office: 622, Indraprakash Building, 21 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110 001. Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase-II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India. Managing Editor: Shabina Nasim Copy Editor: Shrayosee Dutta Manager – Publishing Operations: Sunil Kumar Manager – Production:
NC Pant Production Executive: Arvind Booni Cover Designer: Raman Kumar Typeset by Olympus Infotech Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India (www.olympus.co.in). Printed and bound at Khurana_Prelims.indd iv Khurana_Prelims.indd iv 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB |
ExtraTorrent | h33t To the teachers and residents in physiology for their endeavour to dissipate and acquire knowledge My parents and teachers for their blessings My children, Aruj and Arushi, for their patience and tolerance shown to loss of many precious moments My husband, Dr AK Khurana, for his understanding, encouragement and invaluable
guidance Khurana_Prelims.indd v Khurana_Prelims.indd v 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM “This page intentionally left blank" Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students provides a thorough exposition of the text in such a balanced way that the undergraduate medical students can easily cover the syllabus during the one-year period
provided for the first professional in the revised curriculum by Medical Council of India, and also find adequate material while preparing for various post- graduate entrance tests. The text on core and applied aspects of human physiology has been skilfully intermingled for the students to apply their learning in clinical situations. The subject matter on
various systems has been arranged into twelve sections and each section has been subdivided into various chapters. Metabolism and Nutrition has purposely not been included in this book; since, it is mainly covered in biochemistry books and there is no point in repeating the information here. The salient features of this book which make it an
indispensable tool for undergraduate medical students are: � Each section begins with brief overview highlighting the topics covered. The text is then organized in such a way that the students can easily understand, retain and reproduce it. � Various levels of headings, subheadings, bold face and italics given in the text will be helpful for a quick
revision of the subject. � Relevant functional anatomy given in the beginning of each chapter is quite useful in conceptualizing the subject. � The text is illustrated with plenty of diagrams. The illustrations mostly include clear line diagrams providing vivid and lucid details. � To further enhance the lucidity of the book each section is presented in a
different colour format and the text and the figures are presented in four colour. � In order to emphasize the clinical significance of physiology, the relevant applied aspect has been covered adequately in each chapter. � Tables and flowcharts given in abundance will help in quick comprehension of the text. No venture of this kind is possible without
the blessings of teachers and parents to whom I shall remain ever indebted. I owe this arduous task to the love and patience of my children Aruj, Bhawna and Arushi. It would have not been possible for me to complete this task without the unconditioned help of my inspirator Dr AK Khurana, Sr Prof and Head, RIO, Postgraduate Institute of Medical
Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, who has not only guided me during each and every step in the preparation of this book but also authored the chapter on ‘Sense of Vision’. I am extremely grateful to the faculty members and resident doctors of Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak for their generous help (especially Dr Manjeet and Dr Jai). I wish to
place on record my deep appreciation for my sincere friend Dr Sushma Sood, Sr Prof and Head, Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak for her invaluable guidance and support. I also acknowledge with gratitude the constant encouragement and conducive working atmosphere provided by Dr CS Dhull, Director, Pt BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak and
Dr SS Sangwan, Vice-chancellor, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak. It is my special pleasure to acknowledge with gratitude the most assured, co-operation and skill from the staff of Elsevier, A division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., especially Ms Shabina Nasim, Managing Editor, and Shrayosee Dutta, Copy Editor. For a volume like this it is not
possible to be entirely free from human errors, some inaccuracies, ambiguities and typo- graphical mistakes. Feedback and suggestions from the teachers and the students for further improvement of the book will be welcomed and dully acknowledged. Indu Khurana Preface Khurana_Prelims.indd vii Khurana_Prelims.indd vii 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM
8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM “This page intentionally left blank" Preface vii SECTION 1: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 1 1.1 Functional Organization, Composition and Internal Environment of Human Body 3 1.2 The Cell Physiology 9 1.3 Transport Through Cell Membrane 15 1.4 Membrane Potential 25 1.5 Genetics: An Overview 28 SECTION 2: NERVE
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY 43 2.1 The Nerve 45 2.2 Neuromuscular Junction 63 2.3 Skeletal Muscle 66 2.4 Smooth Muscle and Cardiac Muscle 85 SECTION 3: BLOOD AND IMMUNE SYSTEM 93 3.1 Plasma and Plasma Proteins 95 3.2 Red Blood Cells and Anaemias 100 3.3 White Blood Cells 121 3.4 Immune Mechanisms 132 3.5 Platelets, Haemostasis
and Blood Coagulation 149 3.6 Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion 165 SECTION 4: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 173 4.1 Functional Anatomy of Heart and Physiology of Cardiac Muscle 175 4.2 Origin and Spread of Cardiac Impulse and Electrocardiography 185 4.3 Heart as a Pump: Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output and Venous Return 206 4.4
Dynamics of Circulation: Pressure and Flow of Blood and Lymph 225 4.5 Cardiovascular Regulation 249 4.6 Regional Circulation 265 4.7 Cardiovascular Homeostasis in Health and Disease 280 SECTION 5: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 291 5.1 Respiratory Tract: Structure and Functions 293 5.2 Pulmonary Ventilation 297 5.3 Pulmonary Circulation 312
5.4 Pulmonary Diffusion 316 Contents Contents x 5.5 Transport of Gases 325 5.6 Regulation of Respiration 335 5.7 Respiration: Applied Aspects 349 5.8 Physiology of Exercise 367 SECTION 6: EXCRETORY SYSTEM 375 6.1 Kidneys: Functional Anatomy and Blood Flow 377 6.2 Mechanism of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration and Tubular
Transport 386 6.3 Concentration, Dilution and Acidification of Urine 402 6.4 Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality, Composition and Volume 413 6.5 Physiology of Acid–Base Balance 421 6.6 Applied Renal Physiology Including Renal Function Tests 432 6.7 Physiology of Micturition 442 SECTION 7: GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 449 7.1 Functional
Anatomy and General Principles of Functions of Gastrointestinal System 451 7.2 Physiological Activities in Mouth, Pharynx and Oesophagus 456 7.3 Physiological Activities in Stomach 464 7.4 Pancreas, Liver and Gall Bladder 481 7.5 Physiological Activities in Small Intestine 497 7.6 Physiological Activities in Large Intestine 503 7.7 Digestion and
Absorption 510 SECTION 8: ENDOCRINAL SYSTEM 523 8.1 General Principles of Endocrinal System 525 8.2 Endocrinal Functions of Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 535 8.3 Thyroid Gland 551 8.4 Endocrinal Control of Calcium Metabolism and Bone Physiology 562 8.5 Adrenal Glands 581 8.6 Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Hormones 601 8.7
Endocrinal Functions of Other Organs and Local Hormones 615 SECTION 9: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 621 9.1 Sexual Growth and Development 623 9.2 Male Reproductive Physiology 634 9.3 Female Reproductive Physiology 645 9.4 Physiology of Coitus, Pregnancy and Parturition 660 9.5 Physiology of Lactation 674 9.6 Physiology of Contraception
679 SECTION 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM 685 Subsection-10A: Physiological Anatomy and Functions of Nervous System 10.1 Physiological Anatomy, Functions and Lesions of Spinal Cord 689 10.2 Physiological Anatomy, Functions and Lesions of Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia 713 10.3 Physiological Anatomy, Functions and Lesions of Thalamus and
Hypothalamus 734 10.4 Physiological Anatomy and Functions of Cerebral Cortex and White Matter of Cerebrum 747 10.5 Autonomic Nervous System 761 10.6 Meninges, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood–Brain Barrier and Cerebral Blood Flow 773 Khurana_Prelims.indd x Khurana_Prelims.indd x 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Contents xi
Subsection-10B: Neurophysiology 10.7 Synaptic Transmission 777 10.8 Somatosensory System 794 10.9 Somatic Motor System 816 10.10 Limbic System and Physiology of Emotional, Behavioural and Motivational Mechanisms 849 10.11 Reticular Formation, Electrical Activity of the Brain, and Alert Behaviour and Sleep 857 10.12 Some Higher
Functions of Nervous System 872 SECTION 11: SPECIAL SENSES 885 11.1 Sense of Vision 887 11.2 Sense of Hearing 924 11.3 Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste 941 SECTION 12: SPECIALISED INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 951 12.1 Physiology of Body Temperature Regulation 953 12.2 Physiology of Growth and Behavioural Development 963 12.3
Physiology of Fetus, Neonate and Childhood 967 12.4 Geriatric Physiology 976 Index 983 Khurana_Prelims.indd xi Khurana_Prelims.indd xi 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM 8/11/2011 2:13:54 PM Section 1 Section 1 General Physiology 1.1 Functional Organization, Composition and Internal Environment of Human Body 1.2 The Cell Physiology 1.3 Transport
Through Cell Membrane 1.4 Membrane Potential 1.5 Genetics: An Overview P hysiology, in simple terms, refers to the study of normal functioning of the living structures. The human physiology is concerned with the way the various systems of the human body function and the way each contributes to the functions of the body as a whole. In other
words, the human physiology is concerned with specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being and the mechanisms which help in adaptation and homeostasis which are the two fundamental features of life. The general physiology envisages the general concepts and principles that are basic to the functions of all
the systems. As we know, the fundamental unit of human body is a cell, therefore, this section includes a short review of fundamental aspect of the cell physiology. Before studying the general biophysiological processes and the cell physiology, it will be worthwhile to have a brief knowledge about the functional organization, composition and internal
environment of the human body. Khurana_Ch1.1.indd 1 Khurana_Ch1.1.indd 1 8/6/2011 12:45:04 PM 8/6/2011 12:45:04 PM “This page intentionally left blank" Functional Organization, Composition and Internal Environment of Human Body FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY � Skin and its appendages � Skeletal system �
Muscle system � Nervous system � Cardiovascular system � Respiratory system � Digestive system � Excretory system � Reproductive system � Endocrine system � Blood and immune system BODY COMPOSITION � Total body water � Body electrolytes INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND HOMEOSTASIS � Internal environment � Homeostasis
Chapter Chapter 1.1 1.1 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY The human body is actually a social order of about 100 tril- lion cells organized into different functional structures, some of which are called organs, some organs combinedly form a system. For convenience of description, the human body can be considered to be
functionally organized into various systems. 1. Skin and its appendages Skin is the outermost covering of the human body. Its appendages include hairs, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. The skin performs following important functions: � It acts as a physical barrier against entry of microorgan- isms and other substances.
� It prevents loss of water from the body.
� It is a very important sensory organ containing receptors for touch and related sensations. � It plays an important role in regulating body temperature. 2.
Skeletal system The basic framework of the body is provided by a large number of bones that collectively form the skeleton. At joints, the bones are united to each other by fibrous bands called ligaments. In addition to the bones and joints, the skeletal system also includes the cartilages present in the body. 3. Muscle system Overlying and usually
attached to the bones are various muscles. Muscles are composed of many elongated cells called muscle fibres which are able to contract and relax. Three distinct types of muscles can be identified which are skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 4. Nervous system The specialized cells that constitute the functional units of the
nervous system are called neurons. The nervous system may be divided into: (i) the central nervous system, made up of brain and spinal cord and (ii) the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the peripheral nerves and the ganglia associated with them. The nerves supplying the body wall and limbs are often called cerebrospinal nerves. The nerves
supplying the viscera, along with the parts of the brain and spinal cord related to them, constitute the autonomic ner- vous system. The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into two major parts: the sympathetic and the parasympa- thetic nervous system. 5. Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood
vessels. The blood vessels that take blood from the Khurana_Ch1.1.indd 3 8/6/2011 12:45:08 PM Textbook of Medical Physiology SECOND EDITION Indu Khurana, MD Senior Professor, Department of Physiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India Arushi Khurana, MD Chief Medical Resident, University of Connecticut, School
of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA 2 Table of Contents Cover image Title page Copyright Dedication Preface Part I. General Physiology Section 1. General Physiology Introduction 1.1. Functional organization, composition and internal environment of human body Functional organization of the human body Body composition Internal environment
and homeostasis 1.2. The cell physiology Cell structure 3 The cell membrane Intercellular junctions 1.3. Transport through cell membrane Passive transport Active transport Vesicular transport Other transport processes 1.4. Membrane potential Introduction Genesis of membrane potential Recording of membrane potential 1.5. Genetics: An overview
Structural and functional characteristics of substrate for genetics Applied genetics Part II.
Systemic Physiology Section 2. Nerve Muscle Physiology Introduction 2.1. The nerve Functional anatomy Biological activities Electrical properties of nerve fibre Physiological properties of nerve fibres 4 Nerve fibre types Degeneration and regeneration of neurons Factors promoting neuronal growth 2.2. Neuromuscular junction Structure of
neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular transmission Drugs affecting and disorders of neuromuscular junction 2.3. Skeletal muscle Introduction Functional anatomy and organization Process of muscle excitability and contractility Characteristics of muscle excitability and contractility Some characteristics of the skeletal muscles in the intact body
Electromyography and common disorders of muscles Source of energy and metabolic phenomenon during muscle contraction 2.4. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Comparison of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles Section 3. Blood and Immune System Introduction Functions of blood 5 Immune system 3.1. Plasma
and plasma proteins Plasma Plasma proteins 3.2. Red blood cells and anaemias Characteristic features of red blood cells Formation of red blood cells Haemoglobin Red cell fragility Lifespan and fate of red blood cells Bilirubin and jaundice Anaemias 3.3. White blood cells White blood cells types and their counts Formation of white blood cells
Morphology, functions, lifespan and variations in counts of WBCs Applied aspects 3.4. Immune mechanisms Introduction Architecture (components) of immune system Immunity Antigens Antibodies 6 Development of immune response Other immune mechanism-related aspects 3.5. Platelets, haemostasis and blood coagulation Platelets Haemostasis
Blood coagulation Clotting factors Mechanism of coagulation Antihaemostatic mechanisms Bleeding disorders 3.6. Blood groups and blood transfusion Blood groups Blood transfusion Blood components Section 4. Cardiovascular System Introduction Functions of CVS Physiology of CVS 4.1. Functional anatomy of heart and physiology of cardiac
muscle Functional anatomy of heart Physiology of cardiac muscle 4.2. Origin and spread of cardiac impulse and electrocardiography 7 Origin and spread of cardiac impulse Electrocardiography 4.3. Heart as a pump: Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, and venous return Cardiac cycle Cardiac output and venous return 4.4. Dynamics of circulation: Pressure
and flow of blood and lymph Introduction Functional organization and structure of vascular system Haemodynamics Pressure and flow in various functional segments of systemic vascular tree Blood pressure 4.5. Cardiovascular regulation Introduction Neural control mechanism Humoral control mechanisms Local control mechanisms 4.6. Regional
circulation Introduction Coronary circulation Cerebral circulation Cutaneous circulation Skeletal muscle circulation Splanchnic circulation 8 4.7. Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease Cardiovascular homeostasis in health Cardiovascular homeostasis in diseases Section 5. Respiratory System Introduction 5.1. Respiratory tract: Structure
and functions Functional anatomy Functions of the respiratory system 5.2. Pulmonary ventilation Introduction Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation Lung volumes and capacities Pulmonary elastance and compliance Work of breathing 5.3. Pulmonary circulation Functional anatomy Characteristic features of pulmonary circulation Functions of
pulmonary circulation Regulation of pulmonary blood flow 5.4. Pulmonary diffusion Introduction Physics of gas diffusion and gas partial pressures 9 Alveolar ventilation Alveolar ventilation–perfusion ratio Alveolar air Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane 5.5. Transport of gases Introduction Transport of oxygen Transport of carbon
dioxide 5.6. Regulation of respiration Introduction Neural regulation of respiration 5.7. Respiration: Applied aspects Introduction Respiratory adjustments to stresses in health Disturbances of respiration Artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation Pulmonary function tests Section 6. Excretory System Introduction Functions of excretory
organs Overview of excretory system 6.1. Kidneys: Functional anatomy and blood flow 10See moreThe list of books you might like PDFDrive:hope Give books away. Get books you want.Most PopularLatest upload