The Cell

By
Dr. Shereen Hamed
Lecturer of Histology & Cell Biology Faculty of
Medicine, Mansoura University
 CELL

Cell
membran Cytoplasm
e

Cell Cell
Cell matrix
organelles inclusion
 Cell organelles

• Living components in the cytoplasm

• Essential for the life of the cell

• Perform important specific functions inside

the cell.
 Cell organelles

Non-
Membranous
membranous

Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus Ribosomes
lysosomes Microfilament
endoplasmic Microtubules
reticulum Centeriole
Peroxisomes Cilia & flagella
 Cell membrane
• DEF: The outer limiting membrane that
surrounds the cell and regulates the passage
of materials into or out of the cell.

• Thickness: 9-10 nm.

• LM: Very thin to be resolved.
• Can be seen by special stains like PAS
 EM of cell membrane
• 3 parallel (trilamellar) lines 2dark (electron
dense) separated by light one (electron
lucent). Called unit membranes EM
Chemical structure
 Chemical structure

• Lipid 35%

• Proteins 60%

• Carbohydrates 5% : Arranged in a special

manner in the cell membrane.
 I. Lipid molecules

• Phospholipid

• cholesterol
 :Phospholipid molecules
• Two long non polar
hydrophobic chains
(tail)
• charged hydrophilic
part (head).
 II. Protein
• Integral or intrinsic protein.
• Peripheral or extrinsic protein.
 III Carbohydrate component
• Glycolipids and glycoprotein.
• Projecting from the external surface of the
membrane, forming the:
• Cell coat or Glycocalyx.
 The cell coat
• PAS +ve
• (stained magenta color).
• EM = fuzzy moderate electron dense coat.
 The cell coat

• Relatively thick on the epithelial cell of the intestine.

• It has a role in:

• cell to cell recognition

• attachment to other cells

• Attachment to extracellular molecules.

 :Function of Cell coat

• Adhesion
• Immunity
• Receptors
• Recognition
 Function of cell membrane

1.Keep internal composition of the cell

2.Cell coat:

3. Bulk transport
 CELL TRANSPORT
(Bulk transport)
1) Endocytosis
a) Phagocytosis
b) Pinocytosis

2) Exocytosis
 References
• Principles of histology, (student book of
Histology & Cell Biology Department, faculty
of medicine, Mansoura university)

• Basic Histology, text book of histology & cell

biology

• Prof.dr. Samar Asker’s short notes