Historical Development of Life ROBERT HOOKE

Discovered cell in1665 He observed cork cell in the bark of Spanish oak tree under a
ARISTOTLE simple microscope and was able to see the empty structures surrounded by walls and
Spontaneous Generation Theory named it a cell
He stated that life forms can be generated from inanimate objects Cellulae – small rooms

FRANCESCO REDI ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOEK

He disapproved the spontaneous generation theory. Father of microbiology.
He demonstrated that the presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from He was the first to see individual cells and recognized them as living units. He
spontaneous generation but from eggs laid on the meat by flies. discovered both protists and bacteria

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
He concluded that cells are present in all plant tissues

THEODOR SCHWANN
cell as the basic unit of animal structure

CELL THEORY

1. ALL ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE CELLS

2. THE CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION
IN ORGANISMS
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI 3. ALL CELLS COME FROM PREEXISTING CELLS
He also disapproved the spontaneous generation theory.
In 1700’s, he experimented about the two flask with broth RUDOLF VIRCHOW
He found out that cell divides to form new cells.

ROBERT BROWN
He discovered the presence of nuclei within the cell
EVOLVING CONCEPT OF LIFE BASED ON EMERGING PIECES O F
EVIDENCE

4.6 –3.8 BYA

The early earth is said to be violent because of the meteorites and volcanic eruptions.
With this condition, zircon crystal was formed.

3.5 BYA
Life on Earth initially began with prokaryotes, discovered in sedimentary rock
formations called stromatolites.

3.0 BYA
The first photosynthetic organism thrived the earth which is blue green algae called
cyanobacteria.

2.0 BYA
Appearance of the first eukaryotes and the influx of multicellular organisms occurred
1.2 billion years ago.

500 MYA SIX MASS EXTINCTION IN THE EARTH’S HISTORY

The Paleozoic era when the trilobites and cephalopods became dominant in the ocean
particularly during the Cambrian and Ordovician.
251 - 65.5 MYA
The Mesozoic era-the age of reptiles that has a span of 251 to 65.5 MYA divided into
Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous period.
ORDOVICIAN EXTINCTION (445 mya)
Cause: Movement of the supercontinent Gondwana into Earth’s southern hemisphere,
which caused sea levels to rise and fall repeatedly over a period of millions of years,
eliminating habitats and species. Casualties: marine invertebrates including
brachiopods, trilobites, bivalves and corals.

250 TYA LATE DEVONIAN EXTINCTION (370 Mya)

The Cenozoic erarecent life and based on paleontological evidence. Homo erectus Cause: Loss of biodiversity Casualties: early bony fishes known as placoderms met
have evolved. their end in this extinction.

PERMIAN-TRIASSIC extinction (252 mya)

Great Dying Cause: result of a gradual change in climate, volcanic eruptions, asteroid
impacts, and a sudden release of greenhouse gasses from the seafloor
Casualties: Marine Invertebrates. 95 percent of marine species and upward of 70
percent of land-dwelling vertebrates disappear.

TRIASSIC-JURASSIC extinction (201 Mya)

Cause: climate change, an asteroid impact, or a spate of enormous volcanic eruptions
Casualties: More than a third of marine species vanished, as did most large amphibians
of the time, as well as many species related to crocodiles and dinosaurs.

CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE EXTINCTION (66 mya)

Cause: climate change, an asteroid impact, or a spate of enormous volcanic eruptions
Casualties: non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, amphibians, birds, reptiles and insects. 75
percent of species living at the time of the K-Pg extinction were wiped out.
Holocene extinction (present)
Anthropocene Extinction Cause: modern humans Casualties: Sabre-toothed cat,
passenger pigeon, Tasmanian tiger,

We are currently facing the 6th Mass Extinction but now, we are the asteroid.