Research Process

Quantitative research

⚫ The major phases:

1. Conceptual phase
2. Design and planning phase
3. Empirical phase
4. The analytical phase
5. Dissemination phase
Cont…Quantitative

⚫ Phase 1: Conceptual phase

1. Formulating and delimiting the problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Defining the theoretical framework
4. Formulating the hypothesis
Cont…Quantitative

⚫ Design and planning phase

1. Selecting a research design
2. Identifying the population to be studies
3. Specifying methods to measure the
research variables
4. Designing the sampling plan
5. Finalizing & reviewing research plan
Cont…Quantitative

⚫ Empirical phase
1. Collecting data
2. Preparing the data for analysis
Cont…Quantitative

⚫ The analytical phase

⚫ Analyzing data
⚫ Interpreting the results
Cont…Quantitative

⚫ Dissemination phase
1. Communicating the findings
2. Utilizing the data
Qualitative research

⚫ Contrast to quantitative the research process

goes in a circle rather than a linear straight
line
⚫ The researcher continually examines and
interprets data and proceeds based on what
he discovers.
⚫ The researchers do not have a full
knowledge on how possibly the study will
flow
Qualitative research

⚫ For example, the researcher may not review

the literature until conducting a preliminary
analysis of the collected data
⚫ OR, may decide to select the design in the
middle of the study
⚫ WHY, BECAUSE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
IS FLEXIBLE