Busbar Protection

GE Proprietary Information—Class III (Confidential)

Export Controlled—U.S. Government approval is required
prior to export from the U.S., re-export from a third country,
Imagination at work or release to a foreign national wherever located.

Without Busbar Protection

F1 F2

Argues
There are fewer faults on busbars than on other parts of the
power system.
No risk of dislocation of system due to accidental operation of
busbar protection. See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 1
 Without Busbar Protection

F1 F2

Drawbacks
Slow fault clearance.
Busbar faults at F1 and F2 are cleared by remote time
delayed protection on circuits feeding the faults:
Time Delayed Overcurrent or See tutorial regarding confidentiality
Time Delayed Distance Protection disclosures. Delete if not needed.

With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR
ZONE

F1

Fast clearance by breakers at the busbars

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 2
 With Busbar Protection

BUSBAR
ZONE

F1 F2

Where busbars are sectionalised,

Protection can limit the amount of system
disruption for a busbar fault
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

With Busbar Protection

1/2
SS SS SS
1 87BB 2 3
87BB

21 21

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 3
 With Busbar Protection

2/2

87BB
87BB

21 21

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

With No Busbar Protection

1/2

21 21 21

21 21

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 4
 With No Busbar Protection

2/2

21 21 21

21 21

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

With Busbar protection

87BB
87BB

21 21

With No Busbar protection

21 21 21

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

21 21 disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 5
 Busbar Faults Are Usually
Permanent
Causes of Busbar Faults :
Falling debris

Insulation failures
Circuit breaker failures
Current transformer failures
Isolators switchs operated on load or outside their ratings
Safety earths left connected
Therefore :
Circuit breakers should be tripped and locked out by busbar
protection
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Busbar Protection must be :

RELIABLE
• Failure to trip could cause widespread damage to the substation
STABLE
• False tripping can cause widespread interruption of supplies to
customers / possible power system instability
DISCRIMINATING
• Should trip the minimum number of breakers to clear the fault
FAST
• To limit damage and possible power system instability

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 6
 Methods of Providing Busbar
Protection

Frame to Earth (Leakage) Protection

>I

Insulation

>I >I >I >I >I

Blocking Scheme Protection

Differential Protection : High Impedance

Low Impedance

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Frame Leakage Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application

Rev. A JM, September 2004

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

1405/02/03

Page 7
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

Insulation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 8
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

>I >I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 9
 Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Can detect only earth faults

Switchgear must be insulated from earth (by standing

on concrete plinth)

Only one single earth conductor allowed on switchgear

All cable glands must be insulated

Switchgear sections must be insulated

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Neutral Check

False Operation
because induced
loop

>I

>I
No operation
prevents from
false trip
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 10
Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Neutral Check

>I

>I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Frame Leakage Busbar Protection

Neutral Check

>I

>I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 11
 Blocking Scheme Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application

Rev. A JM, September 2004

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

2305/02/03

Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 12
Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Blocking Scheme Busbar Protection

>I >I >I >I >I

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 13
 High Impedance Protection

Protection & Contrôle / Application

Rev. A JM, September 2004

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

2705/02/03

Single Bus Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

05/02/03
2808/02

Page 14
 Single Bus Substation

P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1

P2 S2 P2 S2 P2 S2

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Single Bus Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 15
Single Bus Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Single Bus Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 16
 Double Bus Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

3305/02/03
08/02

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

P1 S1

P2 S2

P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P2 S2

P2 S2 P2 S2 P2 S2 P1 S1

a Current
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 17
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

Current
a
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 18
Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

Current
a
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 19
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A

Bus B

a Current
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Tripping switching
Bus A

Bus B

Tripping a
b
a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 20
 Interposing CT are not
acceptable

Main CT must be identical

Current switching via auxilliary relay is not acceptable.

Requirement of number of position contact

(Disconnector switch) is high

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Current switching
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 21
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Current switching

Bus A Bus A

Bus B Bus B

a a
Current b Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 22
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 23
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

Current a
b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 24
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
On Load Transfer
Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

On Load Transfer

Bus A

Bus B

a
Current b

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 25
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Zone A
Zone B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B
Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A

Current
switching
failure

Zone A
Zone B

False
Tripping
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 26
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Zone A
Zone B

Check
Zone
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Isolator Auxiliary Switches

Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B
Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A

Zone A
Zone B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 27
 Isolator Auxiliary Switches
Check Zone
Bus A

Bus B

Trip Bus B
Trip Bus A
Check
Zone
See tutorial regarding confidentiality
disclosures. Delete if not needed.

One Breaker and a Half Substation

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

05/02/03
5608/02

Page 28
 S1 P1

S2 P2
Bus A Bus
B
P1 P2 P2 P1

S1 S2 S2 S1

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Bus A Bus
B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 29
Bus A Bus
B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Bus A Bus
B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 30
Bus A Bus
B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Bus A Bus
B

See tutorial regarding confidentiality

disclosures. Delete if not needed.

Page 31
Page 32