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Lllel
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• INDEX NO. SIGNATURE

UNIVERSITY OF GHANA
(All rights reserved)

SUPPLEMENTARY RE-SIT EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019

LEVEL 300: BACHELOR OF ARTS/SCIENCE
PSYC 337: PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING (3 CREDITS)

MAIN AND CITY CAMPUSES

TIME: TWO AND HALF (2 "z) HOURS

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN SECTION A AND ANY TWO

Q2) QUESTIONS OF YOUR CHOICE IN SECTION B. SECTION A SHOULD BE
ANSWERED ON THE QUESTION PAPER. ONLY SECTION B SHOULD BE
ANSWERED IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET PROVIDED.

—
SECTION A Multiple Choice Questions (S0 marksl

Instrucli0ns.· Answer all questions under this section by Qigling the appropriate answer.

l. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by

a. Preceding it with an unconditioncd stimulus
b. Following it with an unconditioned stimulus

c. Pairing it with a conditioned response

d. Reinforcing it

2. A loud sudden clap behind a child causes the child to cry. The child’s tears are called
the
a. Conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned stimulus
b. Conditioned response d. unconditioned response

3. A difference between classical and operant conditioning is that

a. Classical conditioning does not involve consequences.
l· Classical conditioning involves reflexive responses.
t Operant conditioning involves more complex responses than classical
conditioning.
d. All of the above are differences

4. Every timeI open any can of food, my cat Blackie, comes running. The food is
a. An tutconditioned stimulus c. an unconditioned response

b. A conditioned stimulus d. a conditioned response

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi—Gyamerah 1

’iINDEX
NO.
SIGNATURE_5.

How are the UCR and CR related? jp.,

a. They alone elicit the CS and
UCS.b.
They result from operant conditioning
.c.
They are olten the same behaviour iii
d. They are not related at all
—6. Peter was alraid of rabbits. John Watson and Maty Cover Jones presented a rabbit
along with cookies and eventually Peter could play with the rabbit.
toPeter
Thistechnique
is
calleda.

Operant conditioning
cotmterconditioningb. c.
Spontaneous recovery
conditioningFor d. higher-order

questions 7-10, use the following information.

It's Tuesday, which means chicken
the lunch menu at St. Andrews SHS. Jojo loves chicken and so he's happy. As
ison
he'sdevouring
his own piece of the chicken, he suddenly feels sick and projectively
vomitseverywhere.
It tums out the chicken was undercooked. From then on, knowing that

and chicken is on the lunch menu starts to make Jojo feel sick.
it’sTuesday
ff;

7. Identify the CS. _

a. Undercooked chicken b. Tuesday .
c. Feeling sick d. Vomiting

J
8. Identify the UCS.
a. Undercooked chicken b. Tuesday
c. Feeling sick d. Vomiting
V

9. Identify the CR.

a. Undercooked chicken b. Tuesday

c. Feeling sick d. Vomiting

10. Identify the UCR.

a. Undercooked chicken b. Tuesday
c. Feeling sick d. Vomiting

For questions ll-14, use the following information. Dela goes in for his yearly eye .
check—up. As part ofhis examination, the doctor needs to shoot a puff of air into Dela’s i
eye to check for glaucoma which always causes Dela’s eye to reflexivcly blink a few
times. Also, the doctor has to get extremely close to Dela with his head tilted up when he
performs the test, and Dela can clearly see the doctor’s nose hair when this happens.

Curiously, whenever Dela tries to trim his own nose hair in.the mirror, he sometimes

cannot stop blinking.

ll. Identify the CS.

a. Air puff b. Eye blink _
c. Mirror d. Nose hair _

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi-Gyamerah 2 _

i
• INDEX NO. SIGNATURE
12. Identify the UCS.

a. Air puff b. Eye blink

c. Mirror d. Nose hair

13. Identify the CR.

a. Air puff b. Eye blink
c. Mirror d. Nose hair

14. Identify the UCR,

a. Air puff b. Eye blink

c. Mirror d. Nose hair

15. For the most rapid conditioning, a CS should be presented:

a. About 1 second after the UCS.
b. About % second before the UCS.
c, About 15 seconds before the UCS.
d. At the same time as the UCS.

16. ln Watson and Rayner’s experiment, the loud noise was the and the white

rat was the .

a. CS; CR b. UCS; CS

c. CS; UCS d. UCS; CR

For questions 17-20, use the following information. As a child, you were playing in the
yard one day when a neighbour’s cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a terrible
fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behaviour caused you to
cry. You now have a fear of cats.

17. Identify the CS.

a. your mother’s behaviour b. your crying

c. the eat d. your fear today

18. ldentify the UCS.

a. your mother’s behaviour b. your crying
c. the cat d. your fear today

19. Identity the CR.

a. your mother’s behaviour b, your crying
c. the cat d, your fear today

20. ldentify the UCR.

a, your mothcr’s behaviour b. your crying
c. the cat d. your fear today

Exuminer: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi-Gyamcrah 3

INDEX NO. SIGNATURE •
I
[For questions 21-24, use the following information. Kuukua has great difficulty
gettingup
in the morning but still forces herself out of bed and into the shower when her
alarmgoes
off Sometimes the water will suddenly turn very hot and she will jump out of
theshower
screaming in pain. The reason for this is that her little brother, Kwamena, will J3
flush the toilet. The pipes are connected which causes the chtmge in water
temperature.Now,
Kuukua has learned to quickly jump out of the shower when she hears the
toiletflush.ZE

21. Identify
CS.a. the
Hot water
sensatione.b. Pain
Toilet Flushing d. Jumping out ofthe shower«,

22. ldentify
UCS.a.the
I—lot water
sensationc. b. Pain
Toilet Flushing
shower23. cl. Jumping out of the

Identify
CR.a. the
I'
Hot water b. Pain sensation
c. Toilet Flushing d. Jumping out of the shower

24. ldentify theUCR.

a. Hot water b. Pain sensation
_ j
I
l.

c. Toilet Flushing
shower25. d. Jumping out of the

Last evening Emily Scott, an American student doing a year’s study abroad at the
University of Ghana, ate her first banku and okro soup. A few hours later she became I
I
ill, vomiting all she had eaten. lt can be expected that:
I
a. Emily will develop an aversion to the sight of banku and okro soup.
I‘
b. Emily will develop an aversion to the taste of banku and okro soup.
c. Emily will not associate her illness with the food she
ate.d.
Emily will associate her
experiencedimmediately sickness with something she
before she became ill.

Two
I26.groups of rats receive classical conditioning trials in which a tone and
electricshock
are presented. For Group 1 the electric shock always follows the tone. For
I
Group 2 the tone and shock occur randomly. Which of the following is likely to Ä
‘
result?
a. The tone will become a CS for Group 1 but not for Group 2.
b. The tone will become a CS for Group 2 but not for Group 1.
c. The tone will become a CS for both groups.
d. The tone will not become a CS for either group. i

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Cyasi-Gyamerah 4

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• INDEX NO. SIGNATURE

27. After living in an old house for several months, Lisa finally stopped jumping in fear
at every loud creaking noise. Then she went away for a week of vacation. According
to the idea of spontaneous recovery, what should happen when she gets back from

vacation?

a. she should jump even more than before

b. she should jump but not as much as before
c. she should be jumping more and more each day
d. she should not jump ever again

28. In order to eliminate a fear of insects, your therapist has you come to her office and

touch plastic models of dragonflies. Eventually the fear is reduced because the
therapist takes steps to guarantee that nothing bad happens as a result of exposure to
these models. The therapy procedure is called

a. blocking
b. systematic desensitization
c. biofeedback
d. flooding

29. A phobia can often be inteipreted as a

a. rational fear based upon realistic dangers.
b. conditioned emotional response.
c. fear shaped by operant conditioning in childhood.
d. conscious attempt to act frightened to gain attention.

30. Obaapa developed an intense fear of height two years ago when she was trapped in an
elevator. Today she can climb to a mountain top without distress. This indicates that
her fear has undergone:

a. spontaneous recovery

b. extinction
c. generalization
d. discrimination

For questions 31-34, use the following information. As your teenage son leaves the
house and tells you "goodbye", he always slams the door. Recently, you've noticed that

you flinch as soon as he yells "goodbye".

31. Identify the CS.

a. Door slamming b. Saying "goodbye"
c. Flinching d. Yelling

32. Identify the UCS.

a. Door slamming b. Saying “goodbye"

c. Flinching d. Yelling

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi-Gyamerah 5

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iINDEX NO. SIGNATURE

33. Identify the CR. V
a. Door slamming ‘
b. Saying"gooclbye"
c. Flinching d. Yelling
· =‘
l

34. Identify the UCR.

a. Door slamming b. Saying “goodbye"
c. Flinching
YellingFor d.
questions 35-38, use the following information. On several occasions, Adzo's teacher
gave her permission to draw on the blackboard. On each occasion, just as Adzo
picked up .
the chalk, the break bell that hung directly above where she was standing blasted a loud
ring and startled her. Now, whenever Adzo is asked to write on the blackboard, she feels
j
apprehensive about having to touch the chalk. Ä

35. Identify the CS.

a, Bell ringing b. Feeling apprehensive

c. Chalk d. Feeling startled

i
Ä
36. Identify the UCS.
a. Bell ringing b. Feeling apprehensive
c. Chalk d. Feeling startled

37. Idcntify the CR.

a. Bell ringing b. Feeling apprehensive
c. Chalk d. Feeling startled
l

38. Identify the UCR.

a. Bell ringing b. Feeling apprehensive _

c. Chalk d. Feeling startled

39. Psychologists use animals in research

-
a. because sometimes practical or ethical considerations prevent the use of
humans
b. because animals are simpler and far below humans _
c. because the genetic heritage of animals is easily controlled and manipulated
d. all of the above are reasons that animals are used in research.

40. A loud, unexpected sound causes a startle retlex; thus, a loud sound could be used as

a in conditioning.

a. NS b. CR
‘
c. UCR d. UCS

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi—Gyumerah '

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· INDEX NO. SIGNATURE
For questions 4l-44, use the following information. Whenever Nana Yaa is with her best
friend, Kojo, they have a great time together and are both very happy and relaxed. Kojo
· always wears Curve cologne. Now, whenever Nana Yaa smells Curve cologne, she feels

happy and relaxed.

41. Identify the CS.

a. Feeling happy and relaxed b. I-Iaving a great time
c. Smell of Curve cologne d. Being with Kojo

42. Identify the UCS.

a. Feeling happy and relaxed b. I—Iaving a great time
c. Smell of Curve cologne d. Being with Kojo

43. Identify the CR.

a. Feeling happy and relaxed b. Having a great time
c. -Smell ofCurve cologne d. Being with Kojo

44. Identify the UCR.

a. Feeling happy and relaxed b. Having a great time

c. Smell of Curve cologne d. Being with Kojo

For questions 45-48, use the following information. It is long vacation. Bema and
Kwaku are in love. They enjoy being together and are thoroughly relaxed and content in
each other's presencc. The hit song that long vacation is "Kill me shy" and they hear that
song onen when they are together. At the end of the vacation they have to return to their
separate universities, which, unfortunately, are very far apart. That semester, every time

Bema hears the tune "Kill me shy", she experienccs the same feelings of relaxation and

contentment that she felt when she was with Kwaku.

4-S. Identify the CS.

a. The song "Kill me shy" b. Being together
c. Being with Kwaku d. Feeling relaxed and content

46. Identify the UCS.

a. The song "l<iil me shy" b. Being together
c. Being with Kwaku d. Feeling relaxed and content

47. Identify the CR.

a. The song “Kill me shy" b. Being together
c. Being with Kwaku cl. Feeling relaxed and content

48. Identify the UCR.

a. The song "Kill me shy" b. Being together
c. Being with Kwaku d. Feeling relaxed and content

Examiner: Dr. Angela A. Gyasi-Gyamcrah 7

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INDEX NO.. SIGNATURE

49. The approach to learning that holds the view that an organism has tui intcmal
A
representation of what it has learned is known as the
a. behavioural approach b. biological approach
c. cognitive approach d. representational approach ·

50. An interpretation of what is not human or personal in terms of human or personal

‘
characteristics is known as
a. Discrimination b. Anthropomorphism
‘v
c. Generalization d. None of the above

— A
SECTION B Essay Questions (50 marks)

Instructions: Answer any TWO (2) oft/tefollowing questions in tlte answer booklet.

1. Discuss any two of the following approaches to the study oflearning:

a. The Behavioural Approach

b. The Cognitive Approach
A
_ c. The Biological/Neurological Approach
Ä
2. Using practical examples, discuss any two of the following instances of
cognitivelearning:

g g
a. Place
Learningb.

Latent Leaming
Insight Learning
.c.

3. Examine B2l.\'ldU.1’&,S Bobo Doll Experiments highlighting the criticisms levelled

‘
against them. ·

4. Below is an application of punishmcnt:

Ä

Mrs. Mensah discovers crayon marks and scribbling on a recently painted wall. Paa
Kwasi, 18-months-old, is angrily pulled from his play mat, brought before the wall,

and harshly told, "No! No! NoI’° and given a sharp slap on the back of his hand. He
is still ciying when placed in his cot for a nap. Things become quiet for a time, and

then the sound of movement is heard. A quick check shows that Paa Kwasi is not in
his cot. A search locates him in the study (home office). He has scribbled in various
places with pens and pencils from the desk.

Identify the problems demonstrated in this example and_ suggest a more

effectiveapproach.5.

Using practical examples, discuss any two of the following: Ü

A
- a. Lateral transfer and Sequential transfer
A
b. Paired-Associate learning and Successive discrimination
e. Serial leaming and Free recall

Examincr: Dr. Angela A. Gy:1si—Gyamcrah 8