Reported Speech

Present Simple ⇨ Past Simple

I am a student. He said that he was a student.
Present Continuous ⇨ Past Continuous
They are playing football. He said that they were playing football.
Present Perfect Simple ⇨ Past Perfect Simple
I’ve ordered a new bed. She said that she had ordered a new bed.
Present Perfect Continuous ⇨ Past Perfect Continuous
I have been waiting here for an hour. She said that she had been waiting there for an hour.
Past Simple ⇨ Past Perfect Simple
They said that they had left late for school on
We left late for school on Monday.
Monday.
Past Continuous ⇨ Past Perfect Continuous
He said that she had been having breakfast at that
You were having breakfast at that time.
time.
Future ⇨ Future-In-The-Past
I will send you a letter. She said that she would send me a letter.
Modal Verbs
I can speak English. The boy said that he could speak English.
I must do my homework. He said that he had to do his homework.
Wh...?
The teacher asked where she had been going when
Where was she going when they met?
they had met.
Imperative
Affirmative: Read! The man asked me to read.
Negative: Don’t run on the halls! She told me not to run on the halls.
General Truth
Water boils at 100℃. Teacher said that water boils at 100℃.
A! My name is Cristian. He says that his name is Cristian.

Transformations:
Now ⇨ Then
This ⇨ That
These ⇨ Those
Here ⇨ There
Yesterday ⇨ The day before / The previous day
Tomorrow ⇨ The next day / The following day
 Wish

For a change in the present: wish/if only + Past Tense

I wish you didn’t live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.

For a change in the past: wish/if only + Past Perfect Tense

They wish they hadn’t eaten so much candy.
If only I had studied harder for this exam...

Future/expressing annoyance: wish + would/would not

I wish I would get a better job.
I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.
 Past Perfect Simple

-shows a past action finished before another past action

-usually translates using the Mai Mult Ca Perfectul

Affirmative: S + Had + V3/-ed

Negative: S + Had + Not + V3/-ed

Interogative: Had + S + V3/-ed

-it can be used:

a) Before BEFORE: He had eaten the cake before the guests arrived.
b) After AFTER: I saw him after he had made the mistake.