Repeated Masur Te cadoaee ‘ sna ars 3 ghould be moasurocl at ths ardiruous level Cre they ayy \herval ov cvatio Nasiabeles) . 2|\nebpendent voatable shotild consist of at least tata Categovical "crwlated groeips’ oy makcheck pals Related Groups \nelicates that=ahe Same Subjects a8 present in beth GAoups “The Meason that ie iss Possible te have the samo Subjects in each Group 1S because each Subject has been Measurccl an elo oeabions on the senae dependent variable 3|\ thas should ke no Significant outliers in the GPorps . Outliers ae Simply Single elala Ams toi wous data that clo ant Tallow the Usual pattern. *) the distaibution af thy dopenclone Variable ie the uy o mote melateol props should be poximately Vrermay elects” cLisial bute of sgChapter 3 Multiple Samples Repeated Measures ANOVA Model M datredaction Tn mowt of the animal experiments, more than one treatment group will be under ‘consideration ond observations are recorded from the samme aninnils more than once For example, while introducing a new drug there will he at feast one standard drug Henee ther trontment may be new drieg and standard drug. Observation will be taken from the animals before aderiimistering the drug and after administering the drug. Hence there are two trewtment groups and two time points. This is simplest case of multiple samples repeated measures ANOVA motel 32 Medel In gencral, suppose that repeated measurements at { time points are obeained fom # groups of subjects. Let ny denote the number of subjects in group hand let m= Thc my Let yyy denowe the response at time } from the i" subject in group h for h = 1, 1 KL mya = Table 9 displays the general data layout for this setting. There are at lewst three models for this situation, all resulting in the same ANOVA table. The stmphest bs Yop = H+ Yn + 1 + CYTDRG + Many + Ors, any where, pis the overall mean, Yois the fixed effeet of group bh with 1) in the fixed effect uf time j, with Y} Cy O)yyte the fixed effect for the interaction of the h® group with the /* time The constraints on the racthon parameters aie dives = yr dy 0 : ftane sin the RY group. The thay, = sheets ~ and variance 057. Finally, y, The parameters ny ae rae ; eemmed fo We indeppersientl am shor ert NAT with mean rere th yy = MOD med 9A =F Ou-he (9 Js where, Bt fy, = Setiarny 5 ‘the mean for group h, i-n- Py oy 14 Gna - y= +9.) 4s the overall mean ,a BeBe isthe mean at time j. ENN yn i 6 fo Shy = ELMIs the mean for group h at time j, and Jn) = EPs the mean for the i" subject in group h. ‘The sums of squares are then defined as follows: Sum of squares due to groups, SSo = Dh DMLsOn 9)" = Lhe tn - 9.) Sum of squares of subjects within group, s Th opt og, ™h (G, a ¥. Seco) = Dh DM, Lien — Ir)” = Char Laat ~ Ind + ‘Sum of squares due to time, s J" ae zs} SS = Eka EM ZaFy-9.)' = 9B }aG1-7)- ‘Sum of squares due to group * time interaction, SSor = Dhar DM EE aGaj Fn Fy +7.) and ‘Sum of squares of residual , SSq = Ther LM Lha(Fni— Ini —Tnn +n) Note that $Sz, SS7, and SSgr are equal to the sums of squares from a two-factor ANOVA, model (assuming that all nt observations are independent) with effects for group, time, and the group * time interaction. The residual sum of squares SSq is due to the subject effect nested within the cross-classification of group * time. Table 10. Multiple samples repeated measures ANOVA table Sun af Squares Degrees of ] Source : EMS) (ss) Freedomid f) iroup 35¢ + OF tye Dy Subjects(Group B5sea) ms Otay Time Sh _—___+—_____ Group» Time Residual aTable 10 displays the sum of squares (ss), ot. and expected Ne ae each source , in of expected mean the quantilies labeled Da, differences am variation, In the colunm squares. : ba . a and Dgr represent differences among groups, ong time points group, time interaction, respectively iven by The F statistic for testing for differences among groups is gi SSep, with s-1 and nos df. MSc MSsic) This test requires the assumption that the within-group covariance matrices are equal. I general, this assumption is required for all tests of between-subjects effects. ‘The F statistic for testing differences among time points is piven by SSr, us: Ne-1) =-—— MS, SS MSa Sf ot 1)] ly, the F statistic for testing the significance of the with t— 1 and (n ~ s)(t = 1) df. Similar! group * time interaction is given by with (s-1t-1) and (n-sy(t=-1) -£ Both of these tests require the assumption that the within-group covariance matrices are equal and that the sphericity conditio 4s, An alternative repeated measures ANOVA model for this setting 11 is satisfied. In general, these assumptions are required for all tests af within-subjects effee includes an additional random effect for the subject ~ time interaction. This effect is usually assumed to be uncorrelated with the random subject effect. Although the expected mean squares for this model are different from those displayed in Table 10, the sums of squares and test statistics are identical. ‘The illustration of multiple samples repeated measures ANOVA is given in following section. 22