Licensure Examination for Social Workers September 2023

Human Behaviours and Social Environment

Social Deviance Practice Drill

1. Through a process of labelling the individual is forced to play the role of deviant. As a reaction
to this role assignment (“You are criminal!”), the labelled person adapts his behaviors
according to the role assigned to him (“Then I am a criminal!”). This behavior reaction is
called _________________.
A. Primary deviance
B. Secondary deviance
C. Career deviance
D. Cultural deviance

2. What does OSAEC means?

A. Online Study Association and Employment Commission
B. On the Study of Alliance and Employment Committee
C. Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children - RA 11930
D. Online Study of Self and Association Coherence

3. He discussed the implications of what he called “the looking-glass self,” which refers to
reflexivity— seeing oneself as others see one
a. Robert Merton
c. Karl Marx
b. Charles Horton Cooley
d. Michel Foucaul

4. Primary proponent of the labeling theory of mental illness.

a. Thomass Sheff - Thomas Scheff
b. Edwin Lemert
c. Walter Gove
d. David Matza

5. Jose was a product of a broken home. His mother tried very hard to support his school needs.
Before going home, he usually does his assignment at school, usually in a spare classroom.
One afternoon, a security guard was interrogating him about a lost cellular phone which was
unintentionally left in the very room that he is occupying. Jose denied the accusation. He
cannot afford to mar their family name. He thought, he was able to clear his name already.
But the following day, the polite silence among his classmates became unbearable. And it was
just the start. In the whole campus, the day thereafter, he can feel the unspoken labeling even
among his acquaintances. Jose was entertaining the idea of really doing it the next time
around. It seems that Jose is prone to do:
A. Primary deviance
B. Secondary deviance
C. Career deviance
D. Cultural deviance

6. Which do you think is least inapplicable in strengths perspective?

I. Every individual, group, family and community has its strength.
II. Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be injurious but they may also be sources of
challenge and opportunity.
II. Assume that you do not know the upper limits of the capacity to grow and change and
take individual, group, and community aspirations seriously.
IV. We best serve clients by collaborating with them.
I. Every environment is full of resources.

a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. all of the above

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7. The theory holds that individuals respond not directly to the actions of others, but to their
subjective interpretations of these actions. In this theory, human interaction is mediated by the use of
symbols, which are used to communicate commonly understood meanings within a society. The
famous proponent of this is Irving Goffman.
a. Self-Efficacy
b. Synergy
c. Development
d. Symbolic Interactionism
e. Equifinality

8. He theorize, in his theory, that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted
goals (such as the American dream), though they lack the means. This leads to strain which may lead
individuals to commit crimes, like selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution as a means to
gain financial security.
a. Imee Foxtrot in her Neutralization Theory
b. Robert Sutherland in his Stringent theory
c. Robert Mestrung in his Differential Association Theory
d. Robert Merton in his Strain Theory
e. Edwin Sutherland in his Chaos Theory

9. This theory developed by _________________ proposes that through interaction with others,
individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.
a. Imee Foxtrot in her Neutralization Theory
b. Robert Sutherland in his Stringent theory
c. Robert Mestrung in his Differential Association Theory
d. Robert Merton in his Strain Theory
e. Edwin Sutherland in his Differential Associated Theory

10.He further develops neutralization theory by incorporating it into the concept of drift, which is the
idea that adolescents become delinquent because the weakening of controls allows them
to drift between delinquent and conventional behaviors. ... Predicting deviant behavior by
neutralization:
a. Matza
b. John Dewey
c. Norton
d. Merton
e. Jean Piaget

11.Formulated the deterrence theory as both an explanation of crime and a method for reducing it.
This theory argues that crime was not only an attack on an individual but on society as well. That
extended the issue of punishment beyond retribution and restitution to aggrieved individuals. In
relation to criminal offending is the idea or theory that the threat of punishment will deter people
from committing crime and reduce the probability and/or level of offending in society.
a. Matza
b. John Dewey
c. Cesar Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
d. Robert Merton in his Strain Theory
e. Edwin Sutherland in his Differential Associated Theory

12.It views individuals, families, and small groups as having transitional problems and needs as they
move from one life stage to another, e.g., individual undergoing developmental changes, crisis
through maturation process while families have life cycle. It focuses on maladaptive interpersonal
problems and needs in families and groups, i.e., interpersonal conflicts power struggles, distortions in
communication and discrimination.
A. Ecological Model
B. Interactional level transaction
C. Sociocultural level transaction
D. None of the above.

13. According to WHO, it is” the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples
and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the opening of
international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas;
and the changes in institutions and policies at national and international levels that facilitate or
promote such flows.”
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 a. Social protection
b. Linear development
c. Social Change
d. Nonlinear development
e. Globalization
14. When studying moral development, Lawrence Kohlberg used moral dilemmas such as the
Heinz dilemma, in which a husband must decide whether to steal a drug to prolong his wife’s
life because they cannot afford the drug. A child who is in the conventional level of Kohlberg’s
theory will use which reasoning when faced with the Heinz dilemma?
a. It is against the law to steal, so the husband should not steal the drug.
b. It is up to the husband to decide what he wants to do. If it is worth risking his life, he will
steal the drug.
c. The husband should not steal the drug because then he will have to go to jail.
d. The husband should steal the drug because the value of human life outweighs the economic
cost of the drug.
e. The husband should steal the drug to avoid feeling bad.

15. Refer to no. 14 case, if a child who is in the post-conventional level of Kohlberg’s theory which
reasoning will he use when faced with the Heinz dilemma?

a. It is against the law to steal, so the husband should not steal the drug.
b. It is up to the husband to decide what he wants to do. If it is worth risking his life, he will
steal the drug.
c. The husband should not steal the drug because then he will have to go to jail.
d. The husband should steal the drug because the value of human life outweighs the economic
cost of the drug.
e. The husband should steal the drug to avoid feeling bad.

16. Case Vignette:

Mr. K, a fifty-three-year-old male employee of a large organization consulted a career
counsellor. Mr. K., a vigorous, well-dressed, extremely articulate person, complained that it had been
difficult for him to find interesting things to do in his job. He was disappointed and frustrated with
the progress of his career. Following graduation from college with a degree in journalism, Mr. K began
working as a journalist. He recalled these times as “exciting” and challenging “. He stated that he has
become disenchanted with his current job because of its “non-substantive” nature and “remoteness
from the central activities of the organization. “Mr. K’s supervisor had given him the understanding
that he would be given every consideration for promotion. Despite the assurance and
recommendation of superiors, he has not been promoted. Mr. K. admires his colleagues and friend
who, based on his growing disillusionment with the organization, decided to seek a second career as a
school counsellor. Mr. K. does not understand “what went wrong with his career and why he is unable
to get the promotion that he feels he deserves. Mr. K’s frustration may be exacerbated by the
continued progress of his wife (who now outranks him) in the organization. When asked to define his
career goals, Mr. K. denied that promotion was the issue, and said he was only concerned about
having an “interesting job”. He felt his lack of progress was related to being too honest and
independent to politic for a better position and not quite fitting into the organizational mold for
managers. He expressed a vague interest in environmental issues, possibly leaving the organization to
return to journalism or going into the catering business (cooking being his hobby). The social worker’s
role was to help Mr. K resolve these issues in light of his midlife and other life stages.
The case suits what specific psychosocial stage?
a. Integrity versus despair
b. Generativity versus Stagnation
c. Intimacy versus Isolation
d. Identity versus Role Confusion

17. This is an interesting stage for the child, because they develop a conscience about their moral
limits in the world. This is the time when a child is curious, imaginative, and inquisitive. They
often ask themselves or others the critical scientific question— ‘Why?’— Therefore, the child
tends to be into everything and perhaps wants to do (master) everything, such as paint or
draw, build puzzles, fly a kite, etc. With that, the child begins to develop an idea of planning
ahead (on a small scale), with an intention or a sense of purpose. In fact, purpose is the virtue
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 of this stage, which is led by imagination and playfulness. Now, since the child develops a
conscience and begins a mastery over the environment, the child will observe, critique, and
judge his or her own self. This new sense of curiosity and mastery is tempered by a guilty
feeling, if the child does not accomplish a goal. He claims that the newly realized freedom and
authority of the child is inevitably met with anxiety, especially when the child experiences
their shortcomings
a. Initiative vs. Guilt
b. Identity vs. Identity Confusion
c. Industry vs. Inferiority
d. Integrity vs. Despair

18. Result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. As jobs become more specialized, we become
dependent on experts to achieve goals.
a. Reward power
b. Personal power
c. Legitimate power
d. Expert power
e. Referent power
19. Power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an
organization.
a. Reward power
b. Personal power
c. Legitimate power
d. Informal power
e. Referent power
20.A theory in criminology developed by Edwin Sutherland, proposing that through interaction
with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal
behavior.
a. Deterrence Theory
b. Learning Theory
c. Control Theory
d. Differential Association
e. Social Contract Theory
21. Violations of social norms that offend a large number of people or people in a position to
influence social judgment.
a. Anomie
b. Entropy
c. Deviance
d. Lawlessness
e. Crime
22. Behavior and appearances that follow and maintain the standards of a group.
a. Informal Social Control
b. Differential Association
c. Social Differentiation
d. Conformity
e. Group Bond
23. Which of the following is not true about Differential Association?
I. Crime is learned
II. Criminal Behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of
communication.
III. The principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs in within intimate personal
groups.
IV. Impersonal communication such as television, magazines and the like play a primary
role in the learning of crime.
V. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes techniques of crime, which are
sometimes complicated, simple, the motives and drives.

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 a. I & II
b. III only
c. IV only
d. III & V
e. None of the above
24. Simply defined as a state where norms (expectations on behavior) are confused, unclear or not
present.
a. Anomie
b. Entropy
c. Commensalism
d. Fatalism
e. Alienation
25. A breakdown in the cultural structure, occurring particularly when there is an acute disjunction
between cultural norms and goals and the society’s structural capacities of members of the
groups to act in accord with them.
a. Anomie
b. Entropy
c. Commensalism
d. Fatalism
e. Alienation
26. He is a French sociologist who wrote his major works during a time when the study of deviant
behavior was dominated by those who viewed deviants as the product of defective biology. He
argued that a society without deviance is impossible. Thus, it is impossible to have a collection
of humans so inflexible in their behavior that none will diverge to some degree from the ideal.
He further claims that deviance is not only inevitable but also necessary for the health and
progress of society.
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Norton
d. Merton
e. Jean Piaget
27. Merton’s theory involves the interaction of 2 social components. One of it is the Culture Goals
which are:
a. The aspirations and aims that define success in the society
b. The socially acceptable methods and ways available for achieving goals
c. The values and norms in the society, including the tradition and folkways
d. The integration of the members into the culture
28.The other component is the institutionalized means, which are:
a. The aspirations and aims that define success in the society
b. The socially acceptable methods and ways available for achieving goals
c. The values and norms in the society, including the tradition and folkways
e. The integration of the members into the culture
29. His important contribution is the provision of the alternative behaviors that may result from
the disjunction between goals and means.
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Norton
d. Merton
e. Jean Piaget
30.The following are adaptations apart from conformity that can be defined as deviant, except?
a. Innovation
b. Ritualism
c. Retreatism
d. Reformation
e. Rebellion

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31. Involves not only a rejection of the goals and means, but the intention of replacing those goals
and means by altering the social structure.
a. Innovation
b. Ritualism
c. Retreatism
d. Reformation
e. Rebellion
32. Is the category containing the mentally disordered, drug addicts, alcoholics and any other
group that has apparently withdrawn from the competitive struggle. Thus, persons do not
strive for the goals that society encourages, nor they do obey rules of how to act. They seek
their own private rewards and live by rules peculiar to the style of living.
a. Innovation
b. Ritualism
c. Retreatism
d. Reformation
e. Rebellion
33. This is a behavioral alternative in which great aspirations are abandoned in favor of careful
adherence to the available means. Early morning classes often considered one of it. Attendance
is not a means for them t attain success; they are simply because they should be.
a. Innovation
b. Ritualism
c. Retreatism
d. Reformation
e. Rebellion
34. Is the adaptation in which most property crimes would be found. It occurs when persons
accept without qualification the importance of attaining the goals and wil use any means
regardless of their prosperity, morality, legality to achieve those goals.
a. Innovation
b. Ritualism
c. Retreatism
d. Reformation
e. Rebellion
35. What is equifinality?
a. "Is the configuration of communities, organizations, and groups that are products of social,
economic, and political forces and social institutions. It studies how these systems affect
people."
b. "Is a number of people who have something in common that connects them in some way
and that distinguishes them from others"
c. “Is a system theory used to describe and analyze people and other living systems and their
transactions."
d. Its more than one way of solving a problem. There are many ways to get the same ending.
36. This component means one’s sake in conformity:
a. Attachment
b. Commitment
c. Assignment
d. Involvement
e. Belief
37. This component means contribution in conventional behavior:
a. Attachment
b. Commitment
c. Assignment
d. Involvement
e. Belief

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38.This component means trust in the law:
a. Attachment
b. Commitment
c. Assignment
d. Involvement
e. Belief
39. This pertains to the concept of Control Theory, except…
a. The social environment does not push one toward deviant behavior; rather, it fails to
restrain one from so behaving
b. Deviance is not caused by the present values, beliefs or other motivating factors, but by the
absence of values and beliefs normally forbid delinquency.
c. Most of us do not engage in deviant or criminal acts because of strong bonds with or ties to
conventional, mainstream social institutions. If these bonds are weak or broken, we will be
released from society’s rules and will be free to deviate.
d. Society or neighborhood is able to invest its citizens or residents with a stake worth
protecting, it will lower rates of crime vs. society were strong bond is not present or
relatively low.
e. None of the above
40.The re-commission of crime after an individual has been caught and punished.
a. Recidivism
b. Experimental effect
c. Principle of Deterrence
d. General Deterrence
e. Specific Deterrence
41. This theory points society as the one which created deviance by identifying particular members
as deviant.
a. Differential Association Theory
b. Labeling Theory
c. Social Contract Theory
d. Deterrence Perspective
e. Social Process Theory
42. Ageism is
I. Systematic stereotyping of people because they are old
II. They are regarded as old
III. They are old fashioned in morality and skills
IV. They are rigid in thought and manner
a. I & II
b. I, II & III
c. III & IV
d. I, II, III & IV
43. The family as the basic institution which performs functions such as:
I. Reproduction, biological maintenance & socialization
II. Status placement, social control & reproduction
III. Economic, recreational and educational
IV. Support
a. I
b. II
c. III.
d. I, II, III and IV
44. Extra judicial killing, life imprisonment, death penalty for a crime committed are examples of
what?
a. Deterrence theory
b. Differential association theory
c. Control theory
d. Deviancy theory

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45. Which do you think is least applicable in the statements given below.
I. Deviance is universal but there is no universal from of deviance
II. Deviance is not social definition. It is the quality of the act : it is not how we define it.
III. Deviance is contextual
IV. Social groups make rules and enforce them.
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. All of the choices
46. Potential for recovery, repair, and growth in facing challenges. Mostly described as the ability
to bounce back.
a. Resilience
b. Restitution
c. Recidivism
d. Rectification
e. Ritualism
47. Is an anomie/disjunction which was considered to stem from a state of normlessness or
deregulation in society. Such suicidal occurs because society allows its members to have
unlimited aspirations, and there is no discipline imposed on notions of what maybe realistically
achieved.
a. Role transition
b. Crisis situation
c. Anomic Suicide
d. Shifts
48.It asserts that if society or neighborhood is able to invest its citizens or residents with a stake
worth protecting, it will have lower rates of crime vs. society where strong bond is not present
or relatively low.
a. Control theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Anomie
d. Strain theory
49. He developed an economic interpretation of societies. He claimed that all social phenomenon-
legal codes, political institutions, religion, ethics, the arts, the family are products of society’s
economy in the form of its means of production.
a. Karl Marx
b. Lao Tzu
c. William Sheldon
d. Sigmund Freud
50.This is the category containing the mentally disordered, drug addicts, alcoholics and any other
groups that have apparently withdrawn from the competitive struggle. Thus, persons do not
strive for the goals that society encourages, nor do they obey rules of how to act. They seek
their own private rewards and live by rules peculiar to their style of living.
a. Ritualist
b. Conformist
c. Retreats
d. Regularist
51. According to this theory, the social environment does not push one toward deviant behavior;
rather, it fails to restrain one from so behaving.
a. Control theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Anomie
d. Strain theory

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52. What mode of adaptation when one accepts the cultural goals, but they reject the traditional or
legal means to obtain them?
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion
53. Deron is a family man with a wife and four kids at home. He also is a hard worker and is at the
middle-management level at his local marketing firm. Deron is not preoccupied with wealth
the same way his co-workers are. He knows that it is unlikely that he will ever become rich, and
that's okay.
He believes that money isn't everything and that his fortune is his family. Nonetheless,
Deron continues to work hard and climb the corporate ladder.
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion

54. Evan is a senior in college studying psychology. He hopes to help mentally unstable people
someday. On his way to class, he notices that a crowd has gathered in the quad. As he gets
closer to the group, he can hear Preacher Bob talking about some conspiracy theory. Evan can't
help but chuckle. Preacher Bob is one of the well-known homeless guys who hangs around
campus. A lot of people think he is annoying, and some students claim that he is on drugs.
Evan thinks he is intriguing. He met him one night while waiting for the bus. Turns out
Preacher Bob wanted to be a lawyer at one point, before he realized he didn't want to be part of
'the system,' as he says.
He dropped out of school and disassociated himself from his family soon after that. He
now lives on the streets, actively denouncing the American Dream and lecturing on the dangers
of chasing it to anyone who will listen.
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion
55. Chris grew up in a poor, crime-ridden neighborhood. He strived to do well in elementary
school, motivated by his dream to live in a wealthy neighborhood with a big house and fancy
car. After academic struggles and personal hardship throughout elementary school, Chris
slowly gave up the idea that he would ever do well in school and be wealthy. Because of
frustration, he joins anti-government movement expressing his new goal to change the status
quo. This example of Chris highlights the epitome of ______ from a sociological standpoint.
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion
56. An entrepreneur wants to buy a nice house and have a lot of money, but utilizes illegal methods
to obtain that money.
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion
57. Which do you think is least inapplicable in these hereunder statements about the challenging
social workers driven demand of being generalist?
I. Social workers help community members realize their membership potential in many
different ways.
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 II. They have many roles of advocate, counselor, teacher, researcher, administrator, policy
analyst, and mediator.
III. They help individuals, groups, communities, organizations, social movements, and
possess multiple skills for micro, mezzo and macro level practice.
IV. As an approach it appreciates the multidimensionality of human experience, and we try
to respond to each client as a whole with physical, psychological, social, economic and
spiritual concerns.
a. I
b. II and III
c. II and IV
d. I, III and IV
e. All of the choices
58. It is deviance is not the quality of the act the person commits but rather a consequence of the
application by other rules and sanction to an “offender”.
a. Control theory
b. Shaming theory
c. Labeling theory
d. Anomie
59. Expression of social disapproval designed to invoke remorse in the wrongdoers.
a. Labelling Theory
b. Retreatism
c. Control Theory
d. Shaming Theory
60.Stigmatizes and excludes the person who is shamed from society. It sets them apart as ‘not one
of us’ or labels him or her criminal person.
a. Social Theory
b. Reintegrative Shaming
c. Disintegrative Shaming
d. Restorative Justice
61. Hating the sin but loving the sinner.
a. Control theory
b. Disintegrative Shaming
c. Somatology
d. Reintegrative Shaming
62. Punished to be stigmatized, rejected or ostracized to banish in the society.
a. Disintegrative Shaming
b. Relevance
c. Rebellion
d. Economic cost
63. Shows that the community disagrees with the behavior but then allows the person to come
back into the community of law-abiding or respectable citizens through words or gestures of
forgiveness.
a. Reintegrative Shaming
b. Shaming Theory
c. Disintegrative Shaming
d. Labelling Theory
64. A process of expressing disapproval which have the intention or effect of invoking remorse in
the person being shamed and or condemnation by others who become aware or shaming.
a. Control Theory
b. Criminology Theory
c. Shaming Theory
d. Reintegrative Shaming
65. Focuses on rehabilitating the offender within a supportive community environment and
assisting the offender in their efforts to change.
a. Disintegrative Shaming
b. Shaming Theory
c. Reintegrative Shaming
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 d. Labelling Theory
66.It is God or nature-or some other certain absolute, eternal agent-who or that is responsible for
determining what’s deviant, not humans.
a. Absolutist
b. An Act Criminal Status
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
67. The evil of deviance is part and parcel of the thing itself. If something is deviant, it is wrong
now and forever, here and there.
a. Absolutist
b. An Act Criminal Status
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
68.According to fundamentalist Christians, homosexuality is an abomination in the eyes of God; it
must be condemned at every appropriate occasion. Tolerating it would represent making a pact
with evil. Right and wrong exist prior to and independent of these artificial, socially and
humanly created rules.
a. Normative
b. Reactive
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
69.It is likely that a correlation exists between rarity and deviance-that extremely rare actions are
more likely to be deviant than common ones-but we cannot base our judgment of deviance in
rarity.
a. Absolutist
b. An Act Criminal Status
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
70. Prescribes that a widow marries the brother or nearest kin of the deceased husband.
a. Endogamy
b. Exogamy
c. Levirate
d. Sororate
71. Prescribes that a widower marries the sister or nearest kin of the deceased wife.
a. Endogamy
b. Exogamy
c. Levirate
d. Sororate
72. Deviance is not caused by the present values, beliefs or other motivating factors, but by the
absence of values and beliefs that normally forbid delinquency. What theory is this?
a. Control theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Anomie
d. Strain theory
73. Is simply defined as a state where norms (expectations on behavior) are confused, unclear or
not present. Simply referred as the state of normlessness.
a. Deranged
b. Labeling theory
c. Anomie
d. Strain theory
74. It is God or nature-or some other certain absolute, eternal agent-who or that is responsible for
determining what’s deviant, not humans.
a. Absolutist
b. An Act Criminal Status
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance

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75. According to fundamentalist Christians, homosexuality is an abomination in the eyes of God; it
must be condemned at every appropriate occasion. Tolerating it would represent making a pact
with evil. Right and wrong exist prior to and independent of these artificial, socially and
humanly created rules
a. Normative
b. Reactive
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
76. Deviance is not a matter of what the members of a society think or how they feel, this school
believed, since the consciousness of the ordinary citizen has been dominated by the powers to
their advantage.
a. Normative
b. Reactive
c. Statistical
d. Positive Deviance
77. It provides the explanation of crime that they lay not in biology but in the social world and that
crime is transmitted through intimate personal groups.
a. Control theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Strain theory
d. Differential Association theory
78. It is made up of efforts to bring about conformity to the law by agents of the criminal justice
system: the police, the courts, and jails and prisons.
a. Internal Social Control
b. External Social Control
c. Formal Social Control
d. Informal Social Control

79. Which do you think is least applicable in the said concept of vicarious conditioning?
I. It is being said that via observation of experiences of others is not likely to produce
conditioned response of the same intensity as it would be personally experiencing
associations between neutral stimuli or unconditioned stimulus.
II. You are watching television and learn from a horror movie wherein there were ghosts.
The photos are vivid and accompanied sounds of weeping relatives. The next
hour you want to use the toilet.
III. You are in line for a flu shot and are not particularly anxious. But it appears that
the nurse is clu1nsy, ai1d several times patients in front of you give a loud yelp of
pain \¥hen injected. Now it is your turn
IV. Via observation of the others would definitely produce conditioned response of the same
intensity as it would be personally experienced.
a. I
b. II and I
c. III.
d. I and III
e. IV
80.A period in the psychosexual stages in which normally occurring between the ages of 6 or 7 and
the onset of puberty, was included by Freud in the over-all scheme of development, but
technically speaking is not a stage. Since no new erogenous zone emerges and the sexual
instinct is presumed dormant.
a. Oral Stage
b. Latency Stage
c. Anal Stage
d. Phallic Stage

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81. A period of pre-determined time in which there is a shift in the focus of sexual and aggressive
energy during the course of maturation; as each stage unfolds, emotional patters are formed
that determine the adult personality.
a. Psychosexual stages
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Erogenous zones
d. Pleasure seeking
e. Reality principle
82.In essence, are necessitated by the reality that most of us require two incomes to sustain a
standard of living that once might have been managed with one income-but no longer.
a. Dual earner families
b. Dual burdened role
c. Breadwinner role model
d. Single-headed family
e. Parental responsibility
83.Are households consisting of only one parent, bearing with him or her the sole parenting
responsibility to his/her children which are dependent. For the purpose of this study, it applies
to the former single mother Filipina immigrants.
a. Single parenting family
b. Transnational family
c. Family
d. Cohabiting
e. Live in couple
84.Generally, one where core members are distributed in two or more nation states but continue
to share strong bonds of collective welfare and unity. It is also a strategic response to the
changing social, economic and political conditions of a globalizing world.
a. Single parenting family
b. Transnational family
c. Family
d. Cohabiting
e. Live in couple
85. Theory of secondary deviation.
a. Thomass Sheff
b. Walter Gove
c. Edwin Lemert
d. David Matza
86.Which do you think is the least effective in hereunder statement that talks about labelling
theory?
I. This theory holds that behaviors are deviant only when society ascribes them as deviant.
As such, conforming members of society, who interpret certain behaviors as deviant and
then attach this name to individuals, determine the distinction between deviance and
non‐deviance. It questions who applies to whom, why they do this, and what happens.
II. Powerful individuals within society—politicians, judges, police officers, medical doctors,
and so forth—typically impose the most significant labels. Labeled persons may include
drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals, delinquents, prostitutes, sex offenders, retarded
people, and psychiatric patients, to mention a few.
III. Social research indicates that those who have negative labels usually don’t have lower
self‐images, are more likely not to reject themselves, and may even act less deviantly as a
result of the label.
IV. Unfortunately, people who accept the labeling of others—be it correct or incorrect—have
a difficult time changing their opinions of the labeled person, even in light of evidence to
the contrary.
V. Two groups of Surigaonon Catholic and the Maranao (Muslim), male, high‐school
students were both frequently involved in delinquent acts of theft, vandalism, drinking,
and truancy. The police never arrested the members of one group, which is labeled as
“Saints,” but the police did have frequent run‐ins with members of the other group,
which he labeled the “TOKHANGUNON.” The boys in the Saints came from respectable
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 families, had good reputations and grades in school, and were careful not to get caught
when breaking the law. By being polite, cordial, and apologetic whenever confronted by
the police, the Saints escaped labeling themselves as “deviants.” In contrast, the
“TOKHANGUNON” came from families of lower socioeconomic status, had poor
reputations and grades in school, and were not careful about being caught when
breaking the law. By being hostile and insolent whenever confronted by the police, the
“TOKHANGUNON were easily labeled by others and themselves as “deviants.” In other
words, while both groups committed crimes, the Saints were perceived to be “good”
because of their polite behavior (which was attributed to their upper‐class backgrounds)
and the “TOKHANGUNON” were seen as “bad” because of their insolent behavior
(which was attributed to their lower‐class backgrounds). As a result, the police always
took action against the ‘TOKHANGUNON, but never against the Saints.
a. III
b. IV
c. II and III
d. I and IV
e. All of the abovementioned statement

87. Differential Association theory addresses the issue of how people learn deviance. Which of the
statement below does not hold true to what this theory wants to explain?
I. It is coined by Edwin Sutherland
II. According to this theory, the environment plays a major role in deciding which norms
people learn to violate. Specifically, people within a particular reference group provide
norms of conformity and deviance, and thus heavily influence the way other people look
at the world, including how they react. People also learn their norms from various
socializing agents—parents, teachers, ministers, family, friends, co‐workers, and the
media. In short, people learn criminal behavior, like other behaviors, from their
interactions with others, especially in intimate groups.
III. That this theory applies to many types of deviant behavior. For example, juvenile gangs
provide an environment in which young people learn to become criminals. These gangs
define themselves as countercultural and glorify violence, retaliation, and crime as
means to achieving social status. Gang members learn to be deviant as they embrace
and conform to their gang's norms.
IV. People learn deviance from the people with whom they associate.
V. That impersonal communication plays a vital and primary role in the behavior
contagion.
a. III
b. V
c. II and III
d. I and IV
e. All of the abovementioned statement

88. It refers to holding beliefs that are unconventional and non-normative, which, in some social
circles, causes their believers to be shunned, isolated, marginalized, rendered powerless,
criticized, condemned, or punished.
a. Cognitive Deviance
b. B and C
c. Cognitive Minorities
d. Only D
89.According to his theory, when people cannot attain the "legitimate goal" of economic success
through what society defines as the "legitimate means"—dedication and hard work—they may
turn to other illegitimate means of attaining that goal. For Merton, this explained why people
with less money and items that demonstrated material success would steal. The cultural value
on economic success is so great that the social force of it pushes some to attain it or the
appearance of it through any means necessary.

a. Control Theory
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 b. Strain Theory
c. Systemic Theory
d. Innovation Theory
e. Deterrence theory
90.May be defined approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high
social status in the course of his occupation as defined by Sutherland.
a. OSEC/CSEX
b. White Collar Crime
c. Cooperative Crime
d. None of the Above
91. It means preventing or controlling actions or behavior through fear of punishment
or retribution.
a. Deterrence theory
b. Punishment theory
c. retribution theory
d. Control theory
e. Rectification theory
92. These norms of culture are strict. They determine what is considered moral and ethical
behavior; they structure the difference between right and wrong. Violating them typically
results in disapproval or ostracizing. As such, they extract a greater coercive force in shaping
our values, beliefs, behavior, and interactions. Religious doctrines are an example of mores
that govern social behavior. For example, many religions have prohibitions on cohabitating
with a romantic partner before marriage. If a young adult from a strict religious family moves
in with her boyfriend, her family, friends, and congregation are likely to view her behavior as
immoral. They might punish her behavior by scolding her, threatening judgment in the afterlife,
or shunning her from their homes and the church. These actions are meant to indicate that her
behavior is immoral and unacceptable, and are designed to make her change her behavior to
align with the violated more. The belief that forms of discrimination and oppression, like
racism and sexism, are unethical is another example of this.
a. Laws
b. Norm
c. Culture
d. Folkways
e. Mores

93. This theory asserts the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in
one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. It is
also likened to a butterfly effect
a. Chaos Theory
b. Linear perspective
c. Social Change
d. Conflict theory
e. b, c and d

94. He attempted to explain juvenile delinquency based on examining body type and physique
and particular pattern of mental and behavioural characteristics and temperaments;
a. Matza
b. John Dewey
c. Norton
d. Rebort Merton
e. William Sheldon

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95. It argues that crime occurs when there aren't enough legitimate opportunities for people to
achieve the normal success goals of a society. In such a situation there is a frustration between
the goals and the means to achieve those goals, and some people turn to crime in order to
achieve success.
a. Chaos Theory
b. Linear perspective
c. Social Change
d. Conflict theory
e. Strain Theory

96.When a child has an ideal attachment, the parent or primary caretaker provides the child with
a secure base from which the child can venture out and explore independently but always
return to a safe place. When a parent or caregiver is abusive, the child may experience the
physical and emotional abuse and scary behavior as being life-threatening. The child is stuck in
an awful dilemma: her survival instincts tell her to flee to safety, but safety may be in the very
person who is frightening her. The attachment figure is thus the source of the child’s distress.
In these conditions, children often disassociate from their selves. They may feel detached from
what’s happening to them. What they’re experiencing may be blocked from their consciousness.
A child in this conflicted state develops an attachment with their parental figures. It arises from
fright without solutions. Parents can frighten their children in different, often unconscious,
ways. It might be through abuse or neglect, but it could also be through unresolved trauma and
loss in the parent’s own life that leaves him or her feeling afraid, which unintentionally scares
the child. Disproportionate punishments and abuse are very harmful messages to give
the victims, who internalize them very deeply. It greatly impacts critical areas of their
development. It harms their future social, emotional and cognitive development, as well as
their childhood. What attachment style is this in attachment theory

a. Securely attached child

d. Avoidance attachment style
b. Disproportionate attachment style
e. Insecure resistant ambivalent
c. Disorganized attachment style
attachment style

97. A toddler who has this experience with his or her parent (or other familiar caregiver) will
explore freely while the caregiver is present, typically engages with strangers, is often visibly
upset when the caregiver departs, and is generally happy to see the caregiver return. A child's
attachment is largely influenced by their primary caregiver's sensitivity to their needs. Parents
who consistently (or almost always) respond to their child's needs will create this attachment
style. Such children are certain that their parents will be responsive to their needs and
communications. Children are best able to explore when they have the knowledge of their
caregiver to return to in times of need. When assistance is given, assuming the parent's
assistance is helpful, educates the child in how to cope with the same problem in the future. A
child becomes is attached when the parent is available and able to meet the needs of the child
in a responsive and appropriate manner. At infancy and early childhood, if parents are caring
and attentive towards their children, those children will be more prone to develop this
attachment styles.

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 a. Securely attached child d. Avoidance attachment style
b. Disproportionate attachment style e. Insecure resistant ambivalent attachment
c. Disorganized attachment style style

98. This is also misnamed as "resistant attachment". In general, a child with this pattern of
attachment will typically explore little (in the Strange Situation) and is often wary of strangers,
even when the parent is present. When the caregiver departs, the child is often highly
distressed. The child is generally resistant when the caregiver returns. This is a response to
unpredictably responsive caregiving, and the displays of anger or helplessness towards the
caregiver on reunion can be regarded as a conditional strategy for maintaining the availability
of the caregiver by preemptively taking control of the interaction. When they become an
adult .They are generally called ‘insecure’ by their partners. They are often seen as needy and
high-maintenance emotionally, as they require a lot of reassurance that they are loved and that
the relationship is okay.”

a. Anxious ambivalent attachment

b. Disproportionate attachment style
c. Disorganized attachment style
d. Avoidance attachment style
e. Confusing attachment style

99. An infant with this attachment shows little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The
infant will not explore very much regardless of who is there. They did not exhibit distress on
separation, and either ignored the caregiver on their return or showed some tendency to
approach together with some tendency to ignore or turn away from the caregiver. When
children develop this attachment style. Develops to value their independence over their
romantic bonds and are reluctant to depend too much on their partner when they become an
adult. They usually feel uncomfortable with too much closeness in a relationship ― emotional
or physical ― and may try to create distance in any number of ways: by not responding to calls
and texts, prioritizing work or hobbies over their partner or fixating on their partner’s flaws
instead of his or her good qualities.

a. Anxious ambivalent attachment

b. Disproportionate attachment style
c. Disorganized attachment style
d. Avoidant attachment style
e. Insecurity

100. The person or animal gets the reinforcement based on varying amounts of time, which
are unpredictable. Say that Manuel is the manager at a fast-food restaurant. Every once in a
while someone from the quality control division comes to Manuel’s restaurant. If the
restaurant is clean and the service is fast, everyone on that shift earns a 100 pesos bonus.

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Manuel never knows when the quality control person will show up, so he always tries to keep the
restaurant clean and ensures that his employees provide prompt and courteous service. His
productivity regarding prompt service and keeping a clean restaurant are steady because he wants
his crew to earn the bonus.

a. fixed interval reinforcement schedule

b. variable interval reinforcement schedule
c. Contingency of Reinforcement
d. fixed ratio reinforcement schedule
e. variable ratio reinforcement schedule

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