Adol 7 - Booklet (10 Copias)

Profesores Asociados Egresados del Instituto de
Enseñanza Superior en Lenguas Vivas “Juan Ramón Fernández”

LEVEL A7 PAPER 1 / 15
COMPLETAR CON LETRA IMPRENTA
Apellido:
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Nombre:
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Lugar de
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Nacimiento:
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Fecha de Nacimiento:
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EX EX 4+5 Total mark
DNI: 1+2+3
1. Read the text about the chief executive officer of Coca-Cola and answer the questions
Douglas Ivester became CEO of Coca-Cola Company following the death of champion
wealth creator Roberto Goizueta. During his career, Goizueta had recognisedIvester as the
hardest-working man he had ever met. Together the two changed the company's operations
and capital structure to maximize shareholder value.
Ivester is big on discipline, which to him means: be where you're supposed to be. He
always returns phone calls promptly. His employees know they should never get too far
away from their office voice-mail, even on weekends. Still, when directing his troops, he
asks them to set "aspirations" (difficult objectives).
Hierarchy is out - it slows everything down; he communicates freely with people at all
levels. The 'conventional' desk job is also out. Ivester prefers that employees think of
themselves as knowledge workers -their office is the information they carry around with
them, supported by technology that allows them to work anywhere. This really matters
when your business is as large as Coke's, which gets 80% of its profit from overseas.
At Coke, business planning is no longer an annual ritual but a continual discussion among
top executives. Technology is not just nice; it's crucial. Huge volumes of information don't
frighten Ivester; he insists that they are necessary for 'real-time' decision-making. With
past-generation executives, their style was more 'don't bring me your problems, bring me
your solutions,' says Tim Haas, Senior Vice President and Head of Latin America. 'Doug
struggles to find the solutions.'
'In a world this complicated and fast-moving a CEO can't sit in the executive suite and
guess,' Ivester says. He believes that many of America's executives 'are getting terribly
isolated.'
1. When did Mr Ivester become CEO?

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2. Why did he and Goizueta change the operations and capital structure?
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3. What does he think about hierarchy?

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4. Do they get together once a year to carry out business planning?

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5. What used to be executives' motto in the past?

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2. Read about the Coca-Cola bottleand fill in the blanks with a suitable connective
It is said that the Coca-Cola bottle is the most recognised object in the world. Hundreds of
millions of people can recognise a Coke bottle by its shape, ____________________ if they cannot
see it! And the famous Coca-Cola logo is the most famous logo in the world. Unlike any other
famous commercial logo, it has not changed in 100 years!
____________________ the story of Coca-Cola is even older than that. It was in 1886 that John
Pemberton, a druggist in Atlanta, Georgia, invented a new type of syrup using coca leaves, sugar
and cola nuts, ____________________ from a few other secret ingredients! Pemberton sold it as a
medicine; and with its coca (the source of cocaine), it must have made people feel good!
____________________Pemberton's medicine was not very successful initially, he sold his
secret formula to another druggist, Asa Candler. Candler was interested ____________________
he had another idea; he thought that Pemberton's "medicine" would be much better
____________________ it was mixed with soda.
It can ____________________ be said that Candler was the man who really invented the drink
Coca-Cola. At ____________________ he sold it in his drugstore; then he began selling the syrup
to other drugstores, ____________________ used it with their soda fountains. Candler
also advertised his new drink, and soon people were going to drugstores just to get a drink of
Coca-cola.
____________________ long, other people became interested in the product, including a
couple of businessmen who wanted to sell it in bottles. Candler sold them a licence to bottle the
drink, and very quickly the men became millionnaires. The famous bottle, with its
very distinctive shape, was designed in 1916.
3. Fill in the blanks with only ONE word only
Tom Ivester is Douglas’s brother. Last week he went to the airport to wait for his brother. When
he got there he learnt that the plane from Cairo, on ____________________ his brother was
travelling, had ____________________ delayed at Paris with engine trouble and was expected to
be about an hour late. As a rule Tom can pass the time quite happily, watching the planes land and
take off, but that evening he had a headache and he thought that the noise of the engines might
____________________it worse. He decided, therefore, to walk around for a while.
First of all he went back to the place ____________________ he had left his car to
____________________ sure that all the doors were locked. The walk in the fresh air did him
good. He made his way to the restaurant, ordered a cup of black coffee and sat there studying the
faces of the people around him. Some passengers ____________________ obviously anxious
about the time, and kept looking at their watches; others checked to see that they had tickets,
documents and money with them. Where there was a group of people, it was easy to tell
____________________ was about to leave. That person was the object of everyone's attention
and looked ____________________ very happy or very sad at the thought of departure.
When Tom finished his coffee, he went along the newsagent's, where he bought a couple of
magazines, ____________________ of them about travel. Then he went into one of the waiting-
rooms and made himself comfortable armchair. He had just opened one of his magazines
____________________ someone came up and put his hand on Tom's shoulder. It was an old
friend, who was just about to leave on a business trip to South America.
4. The plane finally landed. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. When you
see + use a modal
Douglas, (look) ____________________ for his private driver when he spotted his brother among
the crowd. He (be) ____________________ more than pleased to see him there. They (not see)
____________________ each other for a long time because of his job and he was really happy.
While they (get) ____________________ into the car, Douglas remembered that he (leave)
____________________ his Duty Free-shop buy at the counter so he (+ go)
____________________ back and get it. It was a sunny and warm day and there (be)
____________________ a lot of cars on the freeway heading for the beach. It (take)
____________________ them longer that usual to arrive at Doug's house. Although he was really
tired Douglas invited his brother to lunch with his family. At Doug's house, Tom (give)
____________________ his favourite food, rice and chicken. That was the dish their mother (+
prepare) ____________________ every Sunday when they were just boys. "You (+ eat)
____________________ all the food if you want to be strong enough to play with other children,"
she ____________________ (+ always tell) them.
After lunch Douglas (call) ____________________ by one of his assistants who reminded him of a
press meeting he had at 4 pm at the Wilton Hotel. He (completely, forget)
____________________ about it! Douglas was exhausted but he knew he (+ miss)
____________________ this extremely important meeting.
"Don't worry, Doug, I (take) ____________________ you there," Tom said. "After all, I don't think
it (take) ____________________ long. Besides, if I hadn’t come, I (not have)
____________________ my favourite meal."
"That's very kind of you. If we finish early I (show) ____________________ you my new office on
our way back here," said Douglas. "You see, we (just, buy) ____________________ a new office
complex ten blocks from the hotel downtown."
"That's very convenient," Tom replied.
5. Now Douglas Ivester is at the press conference. Complete the dialogue with the
reporters.
REP. So, Mr Ivester, _____________________________________________ from Cairo?

Mr I. I came back a few hours ago. I should have arrived earlier but the plane was
delayed in Paris.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
Mr I. There was an engine problem but luckily it was promptly solved.
REP. _______________________________________________________there, in Cairo?
Mr I. I was there for almost two weeks.
REP. ________________________________________________________ ofyour visit?
Mr I. First of all, to supervise business in the area. You know I like being in close touch
with reps around the world, especially Cairo which opened not so long ago.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
MR I. The mini factory has been there for only four years and I must say they are doing
pretty well there.
REP. ______________________________________________________ by local people?
MR I. It is at present managed by local people but there was a coaching process.
REP. Tell us _____________________________________________________________.
MR I. Well, there appeared ads in the local newspapers in Cairo offering coaching in the
USA for executives of a prospective Coca Cola mini factory there.
REP. ________________________________________________________ applications?
MR I. Yes, we were really surprised at the number of applicants willing to run Coca Cola
in Cairo. The selection was quite difficult but we are very pleased with the people
there.
REP. Of course, all the applicants had to know English, __________________________?
MR I. I'm afraid that was condition number 1, since all our training programs are carried
out in English, here in Atlanta.
REP. Will Coca Cola be sponsoring the next Olympic Games in Athens?
Mr I. Coca Cola will sponsor the Games if ______________________________________.
REP. Thank you, Mr Ivester.
6. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following:
 You are Mr Douglas Ivester. Your recent visit to Cairo and what you did there
 “Big aspirations are crucial for professional and personal development.” Discuss
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Lugar de Nacimiento: 
Fecha de Nacimiento: / /  DNI: ..
EX EX Total
1+2+3 4+5 mark
1. Read and answer
Dreams can be both fascinating and baffling, which is why they have garnered attention from philosophers, artists,
writers and poets for thousands of years. Only fairly recently in history have researchers begun to scientifically study the
dreaming process. While people still disagree about the exact purpose of dreams and the possible interpretations of
dream content, this area remains a topic of interest for both psychologists, researchers, students and anyone who
wonders about the reasons behind their dreams.
A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during our waking life. Dreams
can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and
understandable or unclear and confusing.
What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged.
Considering the enormous amount of time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet
understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams were a
representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of
personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While
these thoughts are not consciously expressed, Freud suggested that they find their way into our awareness via dreams.
Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to
mental, emotional and physical well-being. Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton Wellesley
Hospital, suggests that "...a possible (though certainly not proven) function of a dream to be weaving new material into
the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma
or stressful events."
Sleep researcher J. Allan Hobson has identified a number of key characteristics of dreams. While many of these
characteristics may seem familiar, you might not be aware of just how common these features really are. Are your
dreams emotionally charged, disorganized, bizarre and difficult to remember? Then you are already familiar with just a
few of the features most commonly found in dreams.
1. Dreams Often Feature Intense Emotions
One of the major characteristics of dreams is that the emotions experienced in dreams can be intense, painful and
acute. People commonly report dreaming about deeply embarrassing situations (i.e. being nude in public) or profoundly
terrifying events (i.e. being chased by an attacker). In some instances, these emotions can become so intense that they
interrupt the dream or cause the dreamer to wake abruptly. The three most common emotions that become intensified
by dreams are anxiety, fear and surprise.
2. Dreams Are Frequently Disorganized and Illogical
Dreams are full of discontinuities, ambiguities and inconsistency. According to Hobson, one of the hallmarks of dreams
is "illogical content and organization, in which the unities of time, place and person do not apply, and natural laws are
disobeyed." Some examples of illogical dream content include flying, time travel, talking animals, sudden
transformations of both people and objects and sudden shifts in setting.
3. Strange Dream Content Is Accepted Without Question
The odd events and content that occur in dreams are typically accepted without question by the dreaming mind.
According to Hobson, the unquestioning acceptance of dream content is due to the strength of our internally generated
emotions and perceptions. Within the dream, these strange and illogical events, perceptions and objects are not seen as
being out of place. If the dream is remembered upon waking, the content of the dream is seen as odd or even difficult
to explain.
4. People Often Experience Bizarre Sensations
Strange sensory experiences are another cardinal characteristic of dreams. The sensation of falling, an inability to move
quickly and being unable to control body movements are just a few of the commonly reported sensory experiences that
occur during dreams.
5. Dreams Are Difficult to Remember
While memory seems to be intensified within the context of the dream, access to the information contained within the
dream diminishes rapidly once the dreamer wakes. Dream researchers estimate that approximately 95% of all dreams
are forgotten entirely upon awakening.
While many people may be familiar with these five common characteristics of dreams, some may be unaware of just
how common these experiences are.
ADOLESCENTS 7 PAPER 1 / 13
1) How can dreams be described?
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2) According to Freud, what is one of the main reasons why we dream?
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3) Why do we sometimes wake up abruptly from our sleep?
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4) Why is strange dream content accepted without questioning?
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5) What kind of sensory perceptions are most common while dreaming? What is so odd about them?
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2. Read about Crystal’s experience with dreams and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. When
you see + use a modal
The relationship between my mother, sister and me had been cold and hostile for as long as I
____________________ (+remember).
To me, my mother was irrational, hurling hurtful insults for the slightest infraction. “It doesn’t matter,” my mother
grumbled when I asked her where she ____________________ (move) my watercolor paints. “It isn’t as if you
____________________ (+paint) anything good with them.” And my sister ____________________ (+take) my
mother’s side against me every time.
My father ____________________ (+claim), “You three are more alike than you know.”
In April of 2000, my mother kicked us both out of the house. (Dad ____________________ (exile) many years
before.) After that, my sister and I went our separate ways. If we had tried to stay together our life
____________________ (be) real hell. It was then that I began ____________________ (have) recurring dreams.
In one, I am running to catch up with a woman. Each time I get near, I trip and fall. Another woman,
____________________ (smile) and shouting my name, comes and offers her hand, but when I reach
____________________ (grab) it, she disappears.
In another, a female professor hands me a test. Although I ____________________ (spent) hours studying for it, I
know none of the answers.
These dreams were not hard to understand. In fact, it was just the opposite; they were really clear, and although I
____________________ (never study) dream interpretation, I ____________________ (+work out) their
significance. I knew that they both reflected the harsh relationship I ____________________ (share) with my
mother and sister.
However, there was one dream I ____________________ (+never understand). I ____________________ (bite)
into an apple when all my teeth fall out. I ____________________ (have) this dream far more than any of the
others.
Years later, in an effort ____________________ (heal) our relationship, Mom, Tammy and I decided to go to
counseling together. After several sessions, I told my dream about teeth tumbling out of my head.
“My God, Crystal,” said my mother. “I ____________________ (have) the exact same dream many times.”
“Me, too,” said Tammy solemnly. Breakthrough? No idea. But I ____________________ (remind) of the words of
my now-dead father. Maybe the three of us are more alike than we know.
3. Read this text and fill in the blanks with a suitable connective
An American psychiatrist has launched trials of a drug to help people who cannot stop spending. Professor
Lorrin Koran of Stanford University in California believes he has found a cure for shopaholics.
The news must have come ____________________ a great relief to millions of people suffering from
compulsive shopping disorder, a condition ____________________ is thought to afflict up to one in 30 million
American women.
____________________ now, few psychiatrists regarded the problem as worthy of serious medical attention.
Koran, ____________________, describes it as a 'hidden epidemic' comparable to compulsive gambling,
kleptomania and pyromania.
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____________________ the announcement of his test programme, Koran’s office has been inundated with
hundreds of calls from shopping addicts keen to become his guinea-pigs.
The considerable interest in the supposed cure came as no surprise to Koran, ____________________ has been
aware of the extent of the problem for many years. But just what types of people suffer from it?
____________________ to Koran’s research, the majority of shopaholics are women. Most buy items that
improve their appearance ____________________ as shoes, creams, make up and jewellery. However, an
increasing number of men are also becoming addicted to shopping. ____________________ the former get
pleasure from shopping and only occasionally splash out on something expensive, typical shopaholics go on a
binge at least once a week. They experience urges to buy items that they don’t need and then feel sadness and
remorse.
____________________ Dr Koran is sure that compulsive shopping is a real disease which needs treating, not
everyone agrees. Lee Smith, a retail consultant, claims that people have always used shopping as a way of
cheering themselves up.
4. Go on reading and fill in the gaps with ONE suitable word
People have been shoplifting for as ____________________ as there have been shops but the problem has
increased in the 1960s with the growth of self-service. It has now become one of the ____________________
costly crimes in Britain and every year shops lose more than f750 million ____________________ stolen goods.
Only about 20 per cent of all shoplifters are organized or professional, but they represent a major headache to
shop owners. Their crimes, along ____________________ theft by shop staff, result in greater losses than
everything stolen ____________________ amateurs. They are rarely caught and ____________________ they
are, many shops decide not to report the thief. The police often consider turning in to arrest a shoplifter as a low
priority and court cases require a great ____________________ of time and effort. Incredibly, of the few thieves
who are caught, only one per cent is prosecuted and most of these are let off on a small fine. Shop owners are
fighting back. Technology is their best weapon and the installation of CCTV cameras is now commonplace in
____________________ small and large businesses. One London camera shop uses shame
____________________ an effective deterrent; a sign in its window warns ____________________ shoplifters
will be photographed and their picture placed in the shop window.
5. Complete the Dialogue between a psychiatrist and his patient who is a compulsive buyer
Anne: I’ve bought a new pair of jeans… they are just perfect.
Dr Penn: Well, _________________________________________________________________________________?
Anne: I don’t know… I could wear them at work…
Dr Penn: Don’t you wear a uniform at work?
Anne: Yes… Anyway, __________________________________________________________________________.
Dr Penn: Is that something you really need? Let’s talk about your need to buy things… _______________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________?
Anne: I remember my mother used to give me money every day when I was a child.
Dr Penn: _____________________________________________________________________________________?
Anne: No, I haven’t. But I think that if I had had the opportunity, I’d have saved money. Maybe I could spend it
now!
Dr Penn: Don’t you think that if you saved some money ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________?
Anne: No, I don’t really see the point of saving money. I don’t need anything else.
Dr Penn: What are your plans for the future, then?
Anne: Well, last year I _______________________________________________, but then I decided to stay here.
Dr Penn: ______________________________________________________________________________________?
Anne: Well, to begin with, I couldn’t afford such a trip. I also had to leave my boyfriend behind.
3
Dr Penn: And what does your boyfriend think about your problem?
Anne: Oh, he doesn’t know about it. If he knew _____________________________________________________
Dr Penn: Don’t you fear you may not able to pay your debts?
Anne: No, everything is worked out. By this time next year____________________________________________

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Dr Penn: I hope so. I’m worried about you, you know. I think maybe you __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
Anne: No way. Actually I’m leaving early today, because I saw this lovely coat yesterday …. It’s absolutely
gorgeous!! I’m going to buy it as soon as I leave your office!
 Start a story with the following sentence: “I’m not that kind of person, I tell you.”
 “Compulsive shoppers should be treated both medically and psychologically.” Discuss.
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Apellido:
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Nombre:
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Lugar de
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Nacimiento:
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Fecha de Nacimiento: EX EX Total mark
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1+2+3+4 5+6
DNI:
1. Read the text about Education in England and answer the questions
England’s 400 HM Inspectors provide small teams to go into selected schools for 3-5 day
inspection according to size or type. This is sometimes because they have been criticised by
parents, councillors or the press. There may be other reasons: possibly a school is known
for its particularly high standards, in which case the Inspectorate will wish to learn the
secret and pass it on to the Minister concerned. Possibly, an informal inspector’s visit had
already dug up signs of trouble. This would certainly lead to fuller inspection.
Schools cannot refuse to be inspected: nor can the inspectors order the dismissal of any
member of staff. Teachers are not their concern. Teaching is. This is not to say that an
awful teacher will be ignored. Remarks will certainly be made to the headmaster – but they
will be verbal, not written.
So what is it that HM Inspectors do? For one thing, they will want to take a close look at
the courses offered and what standards are achieved by pupils. They also compare teachers’
qualifications with the subjects they teach. All too often, teachers qualified in, say history,
are forced to teach maths, where there is a shortage.
Examination results are also looked at carefully, as are the school’s disciplinary
arrangements, its accommodation (do pupils have to sit in corridors or in mobile
classrooms; are lavatories outside; does the roof leak when it rains?) and the textbooks and
equipment used.
Before leaving the inspected school, HMI will give the Headmaster some indication of
its findings, so the reports, which take some months to put together and print, do not come
as a surprise.
There are about 30,000 schools and colleges in England. Although there are only about
250 formal inspections a year, visits are far more numerous.
1. Why are good schools sometimes visited by inspectors?

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2. What can inspectors do when the teachers at a school are unsatisfactory?

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3. Why do inspectors study teachers’ qualifications?

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4. Why do inspectors take a close look at accommodation?

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5. Why is it that inspectors’ recommendations on schools do not come as a shock to

headmasters?
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1. Read about Jenny’s first day at college and fill in the blanks with only ONE word only
It was Jenny’s first day at college. She got up at a quarter to seven, dressed in the clothes she
had chosen the night ____________________, had a quick cup of coffee and was off.
____________________she stood waiting for the bus she realised ____________________
excited she felt. She was getting away from school and all its rules and regulations, was going to
meet lots of new people and was about ____________________ start a course she really wanted
to do, business studies.
The entrance hall was full of new students just ____________________ her. She looked at the
notice board and saw ____________________ business studies students ____________________
supposed to meet. She found her way ____________________ a large room where there were
about fifty other students ____________________ all seemed to be the same age
____________________ Jenny.
2. Go on reading and fill in the blanks with a suitable connective
A few minutes ____________________ a member of staff came in and introduced himself

____________________ their new tutor. He explained ____________________ the course was
organised and what work was expected from the students. He ____________________ gave them
a lot of practical information in relation ____________________ the college and its buildings.
Then the whole group was taken to the library. It was not huge, ____________________ it had all
the necessary material for their studies. They were also shown the study centre
____________________ contained computers for student use and the “quiet” room, a place
where work could be done without any noise or distractions.
Jenny went to have lunch with some people from her course. After lunch, they had their first
class and Jenny realised that ____________________ she worked hard, she was not going to do
well. This made her a little nervous. She knew the effort her parents were making in
____________________ to pay for her studies. But she was going to do well, she promised
herself!
In the evening, ____________________ she was a little tired, she went out with some of her
new friends to celebrate the start of life at college.
3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. When you see + use a
modal
The Government has almost doubled its spending on computer education in schools. Mr John
Remmington, Education Minister, ____________________ (announce) yesterday that the
Computers for Everyone Programme (CEP) ____________________ (+run) for two more years.
The programme, which ____________________ (begin) in 2013, was originally due to end next
year and ____________________ (have) a budget of U$S 9 million. This amount _______________
(raise) over the past year to U$S 11 million.The programme ____________________ (now run)
until March 2017 at a provisional cost of U$S 20 million.
CEP ____________________ (+ provide) courses for teachers and is intended _______________
(develop) computer programmes for classroom use for personal computers. It
____________________ (run) for many years now in partnership with a Ministry of Industry under
which British-made personal computers ____________________ (give) to schools at half price. In
that way, virtually every secondary school student____________________ (+ have) access to a
personal computer. Primary school students ____________________ (all have) access to a similar
benefit by the end of next year.
But, as Mr Remmington himself ____________________ (+admit) yesterday, “It is no good
____________________ (have) the computers without the right programmes
____________________ (put) into them and a great deal more ____________________ (still
need).”
Mr Remmington also said yesterday that developments in society nowadays _______________
(show) that computers and social networks ____________________ (+ use) in all courses to
motivate young people to learn. It seems that no child now at school ____________________
(+hope) for a worthwhile job in the future if he didn’t understand how ____________________
(deal) with computers. It is an enormous challenge!
4. Ms Delaware, a teacher in a primary school, is being interviewed by a reporter who

works at the Educational Times. Complete their dialogue
REP. Ms Delaware, you’re a teacher at a primary school, is that right?

MsD. Yes, I am.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
Ms D. Ten years. I started there soon after I got my degree at University.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
Ms D. No, it wasn’t. My first teaching job was in a primary school near home.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
Ms D. I only stayed there a month.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
MS D. Well, just because it was not a good experience. The headmaster hated me and I
hated him.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
MS D. I just have one class.
REP. Tell us _____________________________________________________________.
MS D. They are a mixed class of Reception and Year 1 children so they vary from age four
to six.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
MS D. Reception are the new children when they first start school.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
MS D. We do some and some. I do a lot of group work, but I also do class work when
necessary.
REP. __________________________________________________________________?
Ms D. An average day? Well, I start at half past seven in the morning and go back home
at half past four or so.
REP. ___________________________________________________________________
Ms D. Yes, most evenings, and I spend quite a lot of time at the weekends as well, and at
holiday time we have to organise our project for the term. But I really enjoy
teaching. I don’t think I’d be able to do anything different.
 A pleasant / unpleasant experience at school

 “Teachers have the best job in the world.” Discuss
A. Read the article about Elon Musk and answer the questions
Elon Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa

in 1971 to Maye Musk, a Canadian model and
dietitian, and Errol Musk, an engineer and
pilot. He developed a love for reading at a
young age and by 12 years old he used self-
taught programming skills to develop code for
a video game he called Blastar, which he then
sold for $500.
In grade school, Musk was short, introverted
and bookish. Musk was a victim of severe
bullying, including an incident that landed him
in the hospital after being thrown down a flight of stairs. He was bullied until he was 15 and
went through a growth spurt and learned how to defend himself with karate and wrestling.
Despite this, Elon has said, “he believes his purpose in life to try to take a set of actions that are
likely to prolong civilization, minimize the probability of a Dark Age, and reduce the length of
the Dark Age, if there is one”.
At age 17, in 1989, Musk moved to Canada to attend Queen’s University and avoid
mandatory service in the South African military. Musk obtained his Canadian citizenship that
year, in part because he felt it would be easier to obtain American citizenship via that path.
Musk attended Queens University in Canada for two years before moving on to Pennsylvania.
While at Penn, Musk ran an unofficial nightclub out of a rented 10 bedroom fraternity house. In
1995 Musk entered the PhD program at Stanford. However, his move was timed perfectly with
the Internet boom, and he dropped out of Stanford after just two days to become a part of it.
He focused on entrepreneurial ventures based on the internet launching his first company, Zip2
Corporation in 1995.
He created Zip 2 along with his brother. Four years later he received $22 million for his share
when they sold Zip 2 to Compaq Computer Corporation. Musk used some of this money to
cofound X.com, a user-friendly online financial service. You might know it better today as
PayPal, and when eBay purchased PayPal in 2002, Musk's shares netted him a cool $165 million.
Musk conceptualized the Mars Oasis, a plan to commercialize space travel and colonize Mars
in order to avoid the inevitable extinction of human kind on earth.
By 2002 Musk had become a U.S. citizen. In that same year he founded Space Exploration
Technologies Corporation, or SpaceX with $100 million of his own cash with the intention of
building spacecraft for commercial space travel. By 2008, SpaceX was well established, and
NASA awarded the company the contract to handle cargo transport for the International Space
Station—with plans for astronaut transport in the future—in a move to replace NASA’s own
space shuttle missions.
On May 22, 2012, Musk and SpaceX made history when the company launched its Falcon 9
rocket into space with an unmanned capsule. The vehicle was sent to the International Space
Station with 1,000 pounds of supplies for the astronauts stationed there, marking the first time
a private company had sent a spacecraft to the International Space Station. Of the launch, Musk
was quoted as saying, "I feel very lucky. ... For us, it's like winning the Super Bowl."
In February 2018, SpaceX successfully test launched the most powerful operational rocket in
the world, the Falcon Heavy. In late March 2018, SpaceX received permission from the U.S.
government to launch a fleet of satellites into low orbit for the purpose of providing Internet
service. The satellite network, named Starlink, would ideally make broadband service more
accessible in rural areas, while also boosting competition in heavily populated markets that are
typically dominated by one or two providers.
On May 30, 2020, SpaceX successfully launched two NASA astronauts into orbit, making
SpaceX the first private company to send astronauts to the International Space Station marking
the first crewed launch from American soil in 9 years.
1. What was school life like for Elon Musk?
2. Musk finished his PhD in Stanford University. True False
1
3. How did PayPal come to life?
4. The main purpose of SpaceX is to aid the NASA with military space travel. True False
5. Why do you think Musk feels as if he had won the Super Bowl?
B. Go on reading the story and fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in
brackets. When you see + use a modal
Elon Musk was born on June 28th, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. His father says he (1.always
be)_____ an introvert thinker. "Where most people (2.+ go)_____ to a great party and have a
great time and drink and talk about all sorts of things like rugby or sport, you would find Elon
(3.discover)_____ the person’s library and (4.go through) _____ their books," Musk's dad,
electronics engineer Errol Musk, said.
Musk's mother is a professional dietitian and model. Maye Musk, a Canadian national,
(5.appear)_____ on boxes of Special K cereal and the cover of Time magazine. After their
parents (6.divorce)_____ in 1979, the nine-year-old Musk and his younger brother, Kimbal,
decided (7.live)_____ with their father.
In 1983, at the age of 12, Musk (8.+sell)_____ a rather simple game (9.call)_____ "Blastar" to
a computer magazine for $500. Musk described it as "a trivial game … but better than Flappy
Bird."
Still, Musk's school days weren't easy — he (10.once hospitalize)_____ and had to remain in a
clinic for two days after (11.beat)_____ by bullies. The bullies threw Musk down a set of stairs
and (12.beat)_____ him until he blacked out. After (13.graduate)_____ from high school, Musk
moved to Canada and spent two years (14.study)_____ at Queen's University in Kingston,
Ontario.
After graduation, Musk traveled to Stanford University (15.study)_____ for his PhD — but he
barely started the program before leaving it after only two days. He decided he (16.+ test)_____
his luck in the dot-com boom that was just getting underway. He never returned to finish his
studies at Stanford. If he (17.go back)_____ to Stanford, he (18.never start)_____ his successful
companies.
The boundless potential of space exploration and the preservation of the future of the
human race (19.become)_____ the cornerstones of Musk's main interests, and toward these he
has founded the Musk Foundation, which (20.dedicate)_____ to space exploration and the
discovery of renewable and clean energy sources.
C. Go on reading and fill in the blanks with One word.
Musk has also been keeping pretty busy here on

Earth, particularly with Tesla Motors. In 2004, Musk
made the first of (1)_____ would be $70 million of total
investments in Tesla, an electric car company. Tesla has
grown (2)_____ the leading electric car manufacturer
and the fourth (3)_____ valuable automotive company in
the world.
As (4)_____ that wasn't enough, committed to fighting global climate change, Musk came
(5)_____ with the idea for SolarCity, a solar energy company. Musk gave his cousins Peter and
Lyndon Rive the working capital to get SolarCity off the ground. The Solar City plant, to (6)_____
constructed in Buffalo, will be the biggest solar plant in the United States.
All the (7)_____, Musk's personal life has been in continual flux. In 2008, Musk started dating
actress Talulah Riley. They got married in 2010, divorced in 2012, remarried in 2013 and finally
divorced in 2016.
(8)_____ all these setbacks in his personal life, work is going well. Musk can’t stop coming up
with new ideas and (9)_____ some of them may seem crazy at first, he always manages to carry
them through. (10)_____ he's not launching sports cars into space, Musk is working on the
Hyperloop, a high speed transit system that is expected to get people from Los Angeles to San
Francisco in less than an hour, which is less time than it takes to drive from one side of L.A. to
the other.
D. Complete this interview to Elon Musk
Interviewer Let’s welcome our guest today, Mr Elon Musk

Musk Good morning, everybody.
Interviewer Mr Musk, let’s start with a very straightforward question. Is it true (1) ___________
to fly in space?
Musk Of course not. If that was all I wanted I could buy a ticket on Russia’s Soyuz as others
have done.
Interviewer (2) ________________ your company, then?
Musk My goal is to advance rocket technology to send many people to Mars so a self-
sustaining colony can be established.
Interviewer And (3) ________________________?
Musk Because I truly believe some money should be spent on establishing colonies on
Mars and making humanity a multi-planet species.
Interviewer Will colonies on Mars be international or American?
Musk I wish (4)__________________ that. I hope there will be many colonies on Mars
from many different countries.
Interviewer (5) ________________ rockets?
Musk Well, if they want to buy them, I will sell them, but I don’t think they have the money
for even one!!!
Interviewer Thank you very much. It’s been a very interesting talk.
E. Composition. Write about 200 words on ONE of the following:
 My life on another planet when I left Earth

 “People should be more concerned about global climate change.” Discuss
3
Apellido:

Nombre:

Lugar de Nacimiento:

/ / 
..
EX EX Total mark
DNI: 1+2+3 4+5+6
1. Read the aticle about Stephen Hawking and answer the questions
Stephen Hawking: the world's finest mind
Doctors said he would die before he was 25. But British physicist Stephen Hawking, subject of the award-winning
2014 movie The Theory of Everything is still alive in 2017, and still working - at the age of 75 - at the University of
Cambridge, where he has spent most of his life.
A few years ago, the description of an episode of the American cult TV cartoon show The Simpsons went as follows:
"The world's smartest man saves the daughter of the world's dumbest man!" The dumbest man was of course Homer
Simpson; the smartest man, making a guest-star appearance in his favourite cartoon show, was Stephen Hawking,
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, England.
Many people would agree with the producers of The Simpsons that Hawking, one of the most eminent scientists in
the world, has indeed the most brilliant mind of any living person today; yet it is a bitter irony that such a brilliant mind
should be housed in a visibly disabled body.
There are a lot of people who would very much like to know how Hawking can manage to be such a great scientist,
while being incapacitated by ‘motor neurone disease’, which not only leaves him confined to a wheelchair, but also
means that he cannot speak without the aid of a voice-synthesizing computer. Though it is a question that no
interviewer has ever dared to ask Professor Hawking, Hawking's answer can be imagined; clearly, there is no
necessary correlation between the two.
"My body may be stuck in a chair," he has said, "But my mind can go to the ends of the universe."
Stephen was born in Oxford, the son of a specialist in tropical medicine, and naturally perhaps, given the
circumstances, he became interested in science at a very young age. By the time he was 15, he had decided to
become a physicist, because physics, as he said, was the most fundamental of the sciences.
After three years at Oxford University, when, as he himself admits, he did not work very hard, Hawking got a
first class degree in natural sciences; he then moved on to do postgraduate study in cosmology at the university
of Cambridge. He seemed to be destined to a brilliant future.
However it was at this point that doctors diagnosed Stephen as suffering from motor neurone disease, a crippling
illness that usually leads rapidly to death. Doctors could see no reason why he would be any different from other
sufferers, and he was told that he had little hope of living beyond the age of 25; it looked as if the finest mind of his
generation was about to be snuffed out.
This was not to be the case. Hawking is now (2017) seventy-five years old, and still working at the
University of Cambridge - living proof, if such were needed, of the power of mind over matter.
Against all the odds, Hawking completed his doctorate at Cambridge, then went on to a research post, firstly in the
Institute of Astronomy, and then in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.
In 1974, at the age of 32, he had the great honour of being made a fellow of the Royal Society, Britain's oldest and
most prestigious scientific association whose past presidents have included Newton, Lister and many other great
names. As well as the prestige of being a Fellow of the Royal Society, Hawking has won a whole string of
international prizes, including the Albert Einstein Award in 1978, and has received honorary doctorates from 12
universities.
Even though he is frequently referred to as the cleverest man on earth, in spite of his high profile, he is a man
who is very much in touch with ordinary people. At Cambridge university, his professorship does not require him to
teach classes or supervise students - but he insists on doing both. And students who have the great fortune to
study under him know that they have a professor who can communicate on their level.
As well as being a professor, Hawking is also a best-selling author, whose "Brief History of Time", written in
1988, is probably the most widely-read scientific book of all time. In it he managed to put over his thoughts about
such esoteric concepts as time, gravity, relativity and the origin of the universe, in a style and a language that any
educated person could understand.
1
1. What is the main irony about Hawking’s life?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the characteristics of Hawking’s disease?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. How did Hawking behave during his first years at Oxford University?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why didn’t doctors expect him to live beyond the age of 25?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. In what ways does Hawking remain close to ordinary people?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Read this story about another extraordinary life and fill in the blanks with the right form of the
verbs in brackets. When you see + use a modal
The real-life story of Annie Shapiro - who fell into a coma at age 50 in 1963 - ____________________
(be) more remarkable than the movie based on her miraculous re-awakening.
When she suddenly ____________________ (awake) nearly 30 years later in 1992, she was a 79-year-old
granny, devastated by her appearance and the way the world ____________________ (change).
Just after she emerged from her years of darkness, she told me: "When I ____________________ (go) to
sleep, I ____________________ (have) a really good life and was a darn good-looking woman. But all I
____________________ (see) in the mirror now is an old lady with bags around her eyes, wrinkles and
grey hair.
She ____________________ (+ not believe) that her husband Martin was an old man of 81 and that
her teenage son and 25-year-old daughter Marilyn were middle-aged. She was awe-struck to learn about
cordless telephones and spaceships flights.
The talented business-woman, who ____________________ (run) two apron shops near Toronto,
Canada, before her illness, fell into a coma on Nov 22, 1963, aged 50.
She ____________________ (watch) news reports on the assassination of US President John F.
Kennedy on her black-and-white TV set when she ____________________ (suffer) a massive stroke.
For the next two years, Mrs Shapiro was totally paralysed, with her eyes staring wide open. Her
husband ____________________ (+put) drops in her eyes every few hours ____________________
(keep) them from ____________________ (dry) out.
Mr Shapiro said he dressed and fed her "like a totally helpless child."
At night, he ____________________ (lie) next to his sleeping beauty in the darkness. He consulted
experts, but no one could help her.
After two years of physical therapy, he finally got her to the point where she ____________________
(+ sit up) and walk, assisted on either side.
During her long sleep, Mrs Shapiro’s body began ____________________ (break down). She had
cataract surgery, a hysterectomy and a hip replacement.
But amazingly, on Oct 14, 1992, she suddenly ____________________ (snap) out of her coma. Mr
Shapiro, who ____________________ (retire) and moved his ill wife to a retirement community in
Florida, was flabbergasted. “If I ____________________ (tell) a story like this by other people, I
____________________ (not believe) it. But it happened to me!” he says.
2
"I was lying beside her in the bed," he said, "____________________ she sat up and said: Turn on the
television. I want to see the I Love Lucy show." It was like a dead person come to life."
Mrs Shapiro got her first shock as ____________________ as she realised the TV was in colour, not
black-and-white. ____________________, what really shocked her the most was her husband’s
grandfatherly appearance and her own wrinkled face.
"When she first looked in the mirror, she wanted to die," said Mr Shapiro. "____________________ of
taking it lightly and trying to understand the situation, she started to shout and, ____________________
there was nothing she could do about it, she started to cry over all those lost years. She
____________________ talked nor looked at me. She just sat there and cried."
Her first thoughts were for her son Marshall. The day before her stroke, Mr Shapiro had kicked the 16-
year-old youth out of the house ____________________ he had crashed the family car. Now she was
feeling ____________________ guilty that she wanted her husband to bring their son home.
____________________ he dialled Marshall’s telephone number in Toronto, he told his wife that her
boy was now aged 48, married and father of two.
____________________ first, Mrs Shapiro was afraid to get on the line and talk to him because it was a
cordless phone. "The phone didn’t have any wires," she told me. "A voice was coming out of it and I
thought it must be magic."
4. Fill in the blanks with ONE word only.
As the first shockwaves started to disappear, Mrs Shapiro desperately tried to catch up on
____________________ had happened in the world. The woman ____________________ had been
silent for 30 years stayed up around the clock for two days and did not stop talking.
Dr Glenn Englander, who was treating her for high blood pressure the day before she awakened from
her coma, called her recovery a miracle. "I gave her something to lower her blood pressure," she said.
"____________________ I did something unknowingly to help her, I’d like to find out so I can do it for
others."
The ____________________ touching part of the miracle was the renewed romance between Shapiro
and her husband, who had cared for her all those years, refusing to ____________________ her placed
in a nursing home.
"We both could ____________________ walk, but Annie wanted me to take her dancing," he said.
Sadly, her husband died three years ____________________. And now, Mrs Shapiro, 85, lives alone in a
Toronto nursing home.
____________________ to her daughter, she sleeps a lot but ____________________ she is awake,
she often time-travels ____________________ tragic 1963 and the good final years she had with the
man who loved her forever.
5. This is an interview the Shapiros gave on National television after Rose’s awakening. Complete
the dialogue
Interviewer Mrs Shapiro, your recovery was like a miracle. _____________________________

______________________________________________changes around you?
Mrs Sh At first, I was quite shocked. Everything was so different! I just couldn’t understand
what had happened.
Interviewer __________________________________________________________________?
Mrs Sh My appearance, for sure. And Mike’s. As far as I remembered I had gone to bed
one evening at the age of 50 and when I woke up I was this old eighty-year-old
woman. It was a real shock.
Interviewer __________________________________________________________________?
Mrs Sh No, it wasn’t. I really felt at a loss. My daughter came from Canada to help me
adjust to my new life.
3
Interviewer _______________________________________________________ adjust to the
world around you?
Mrs Sh It was a very slow process. There were so many new things I had to learn about!
Interviewer Of course. I can imagine. And what about you, Mr Shapiro? _________________
_____________________________________________________wake up one day?
MR SH I had always thought that it was possible. But as time went by, I started to lose
hope.
Interviewer ___________________________________________________________ while
Rose was in a coma?
MR SH At first, I didn’t know how to handle it. Then I slowly started to learn to live with
my new wife. It was hard, but I managed it.
Interviewer Tell us _____________________________________________________________?
MR SH Everybody around me said I should place her in a nursing home.
Interviewer __________________________________________________________________?
MR SH When I took my marriage vows I said it was in sickness and in health. So that’s
what I did. I took care of her while she was sick.
Interviewer That’s just remarkable! Most people today wouldn’t put up with that sort of
pressure.
MR SH I know, but that’s how I felt. And I’m glad I did. Imagine if Rose had woken up in a
nursing home … alone. _______________________________________________?
It would have been terrible!
Interviewer Of course. And what about your life today?
Mrs Sh Well, I’m still learning about many of the things that have changed around me. And
Mike is helping me.
Interviewer __________________________________________________________________?
Mrs Sh Yes! We’re going to go dancing! We just have to do it again!
Interviewer Excellent! Congratulations to both of you!
 A Turning Point in my Life.

 “Marriages are meant never to be broken.” Discuss
4
Apellido: 
Nombre: 
Lugar de Nacimiento: 
Fecha de Nacimiento: / /  .. DNI:
EX EX Total
1+2+3 4+5 mark
The Year of the Digital Citizen

2005 was arguably the year citizens really started to do it for themselves. Raising mobiles in
the air, they did not just talk and text, they snapped, shared and reported the world around
them.
Twelve months ago, it was clear the mass consumer was going to have at his or her disposal many more
gadgets with greater capacity to record, store and share content.It was going to be a year in which
people started to challenge those who traditionally provide us with content, be it news, music, or movies.
Crucially, what 2005 proved was that far from these techno tools being purely dumb funnels for the
same paid-for content from mainstream media, they had the chance to become powerful tools for
political expression and reportage.
The consumer was turning into the citizen with a meaningful role to play. Media started to look more
participatory and inclusive.The Boxing Day tsunami of 2004 starkly showed the potential of these tools.
Most of the memories of that day have been graphically captured, replayed and played again, making
the event much more immediate and personal.Later in the year, the 7 July London bombings and the
hurricanes in the US forced home the fact that citizens had a much larger role in the production of news
than ever before. These collages of eyewitnesses accounts showed the immediate aftermath of the
events long before any press camera could.
Shifting sands
With this explosion of citizen reporting, the relationship between producer and consumer has to realign
itself. New businesses, such as Scoopt and Spy Media, have started to capitalise on the shifting sands by
becoming intermediaries for citizen journalists to negotiate rights to their content.As a result, the
challenge to content industries and mainstream media has been to think about how to ensure everyone
has access to quality and trusted sources of news and information.They also have to grapple with sticky
questions such as who owns what, and who has the right to share content and re-create something with
it in this converging world.But there is no doubt that, coupled with a high-speed network, these media
tools could do much to enhance participation in community and political life.
'Appetite to be involved'
Greater choice of what to watch, what news means and who produces it, as well as the shift from
broadcast to on-demand media, could increase people's ability to opt out of public and democratic
debates if they want to.
Alternatively, the changing nature of news offers a diversity of voices, sources, and choice to enhance
democratic potentials and lets anyone join in global and local conversations.Clearly there is an appetite
to be involved with the production of news - the capturing of moments that have left their indelible
watermark on history, big or small.This needs support and nurturing. It also needs to be inspiring and
relevant.To that end, it will be interesting to see what former journalist Dan Gillmor's newly announced
non-profit Center for Citizen Media achieves in the coming year.
1. Read and answer
1) In what ways, according to the author, was 2005 different from other years in terms of technology?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2) How was the role of the citizen more “meaningful” during 2004?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1
3) What is the role of agencies such as Scoopt and Spy Media?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4) What is the main problem that this new trend is causing in mainstream media and content industries?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5) What is the main advantage of this new kind of news reporting?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Read about the Winklevoss brothers and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. When you
see + use a modal
If you watched the recent Oxford and Cambridge boat race you ____________________ (+ notice) the
Winklevoss twins, Cameron and Tyler, in the Oxford boat. The two ____________________ (always row)
together and competed in the Beijing Olympics but ____________________ (+ manage) only sixth in their class
on that occasion.
The Winklevoss brothers ____________________ (be) very rich as the result of a lawsuit which they settled out
of court, but in reality they should be billionaires now. In the early 2000s, when they ____________________
(study) at Harvard, they would often talk about ____________________ (set up) a social networking site for
students.
They succeeded in ____________________(start) one, named ConnectU, but as the pair
____________________ (be) busy studying and rowing, they ____________________ (+not devote) the time
necessary to developing the site, so they decided ____________________ (employ) someone else to help
them. After three months Mark Zuckerberg stopped ____________________ (work) with the twins and
launched his own networking site – Facebook – which ____________________ (be) now worth over $4 billion.
Understandably, the twins ____________________ (convince) that Zuckerberg ____________________ (+ not
create) the site without their initial input. The Winklevoss brothers ____________________ (claim) that unless
they ____________________ (contact) him, Zuckerberg would never have been able to even start his
company. Although the twins have settled out of court, there ____________________ (be) still some messy
arguments going on which ____________________ (continue) for some time.
____________________(it affect) their performance since then? Well, the Oxford team started well but
____________________ (+not prevail) against a battling Cambridge team, who sealed an exciting victory.
3. Read about smartphonesand fill in the blanks with a suitable connective
The ever-growing demand of smartphones has placed an unexpected strain on the world’s mobile phones
network.
Smartphones are full of applications designed to send and receive emails, surf the Internet and watch online
videos. ____________________ they can access social networking sites. ____________________ the mobile
phone network has been upgraded to deal with the task of transmitting this kind of data, it was originally made
for the transmission of basic phone calls and text messages, and is ____________________ struggling to find a
way of dealing with these increasing demands.
It is the sophisticated applications on the new smartphones which are responsible for cellular traffic. In
____________________ to ensure that the information available to their users is kept constantly up to date,
some of these applications connect to the network every eight seconds. Others continuously stream
information ____________________ stay logged on for hours ____________________ downloading videos or
messages. This has the effect of monopolising the network and slowing down speed for other users.
____________________ demand continues to grow at this rate, the entire system is in danger of collapsing.
____________________ though the latest LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology can deal with much larger
volumes of traffic, it requires new phone masts and new handsets. The expense of installing the new system
means that adopting a system ____________________ costly as this one worldwide is unlikely in the
immediate future. We may be fond of our mobile phones. ____________________, do we really want them to
rule our lives?
2
4. Now read about this new software and fill in the gaps with ONE suitable word
A team at Cornell University in New York has developed software aimed at detecting lies in emails and text
messages. Traditional lie detectors work ____________________ measuring a person’s heartbeat. They
rely on the fact ____________________ a person’s pulse gets faster when they are nervous or stressed – a
strong indicator that they are not telling the truth. The new software is much ____________________
subtle. It scans electronic messages and looks for various clues which indicate that lies are
____________________ told.Researchers have identified a number of these clues, or “falsehood
indicators”, ranging____________________ overuse of the third person to frequent use of negative
adjectives and verbs. A team of volunteers provided the researchers with ____________________ truthful
and dishonest emails. ____________________ comparing them they came across a number of
characteristics. They noticed, ____________________ instance, that truthful emails were usually short and
written in the first person, with lots of use of “I” to start sentences. Dishonest emails were on average 28
percent longer than honest ones because people worry about not sounding convincing, so they tend to use
more sense verbs such as “see” and “feel”, perhaps ____________________ an attempt to gain the
reader’s sympathy. There has been a lot of interest from law enforcement agencies, insurance companies,
welfare agencies and banks – all of ____________________ are struggling to cope with the growing tide of
fraud. They hope the new programme will be effective in protecting the public from the ever-increasing
threat posed by Internet crime.
5. Complete the dialogue

Lex: Wow, Alex. ________________________________________________________________laptop?
Alex: Yes. My old one broke down a few weeks ago.
Lex: It looks like a good one. _____________________________________________________ with it?
Alex: Not great. It’s completely different __________________________________________________.
Lex: Let me have a look. Oh, I think it uses a different operating system. They should have pointed it out
to you _____________________________________________________________________.
Alex: Well, they didn’t. It’s so confusing. The manufacturers are always coming up with new systems for
computers. __________________________________________________________ familiar with?
Lex: It all comes down to economics, I suppose. If they didn’t keep changing the systems, ___________
___________________________________________________________________ new software!
Alex: That’s true. Look, I hate to bring this up but ____________________________________________

of an expert on computer programmes, ______________________________________________?
Could ___________________________________________________________________ this one?
Lex: Of course. No problem. But I’m a bit busy right now. I have to get back to the office in a few minutes.
Alex: Sorry. I don’t want to hold you up. ___________________________________________________

another time?
Lex: Sure. I’ll be here for lunch tomorrow. We can catch up with each other then and set it up.
 Start a story with the following sentence: “I sat in front of my computer and stared at the screen
blankly.”
 “The Internet is only stopping people from establishing meaningful face-to-face relationships.”
Discuss.
3
PAPER 1 / 19
A7
A. Read the article about nature and answer the questions
Seen from the safe distance of a satellite, it can be a thrilling spectacle. But as anyone caught in the
middle of a thunderstorm knows, Mother Earth is not always a gentle parent. Extreme weather such as
storms, tornadoes, hurricanes and violent upheavals of the Earth in the form of earthquakes and
volcanoes, often bring misery and destruction. They are all expressions of a living planet, still changing
after billions of years of existence.
Lightning and thunder are one of the most frequent expressions of our Mother Earth. The sights and
sounds produced by these phenomena are somewhat like a Fourth of July fireworks display. Like an
elaborate theatrical production, they can be spectacular to watch and explosive to listen to. Since
lightning could be life threatening, it should be viewed with caution; whenever possible under cover of
shelter, for the sake of safety.
Lightning is in simple terms a flash of light in the sky caused by the discharge of atmospheric
electricity from one cloud to another or between a cloud and earth. Lightning can strike the earth in the
form of a single stroke, a bolt accompanied by the sound of thunder, with forks or branches from the
main channel, or in the form of sheet lightning, a more common blanket-like illumination that tends to
diffuse over the entire sky.
Warm summer nights favour the occurrence of lightning and thunder. While the former is a flash of
light caused by the sudden heating and expansion of air by electrical discharge, the latter is the sound
that follows it. Storm watchers can estimate the nearness of a storm by counting the seconds between
the time the flash of lightning is sighted and the ear-shattering sound of a thunder roll. Every five-
second difference indicates the storm is at a distance of one mile.
Long before there was an accepted explanation for the causes of lightning and thunder, the folklore
of every culture held a wide array of beliefs and reasons for this natural phenomenon. Early peoples
concluded that it was an act of warning against evil by the deities. In the Orient it was the work of the
dragons. In Old Testament times lightning struck fear in the
hearts of the people, who justified it as a divine will.
Christians thought it to be a sign of probable punishment for
sin. American Indians thought that the thunderous noise
from above was the flapping of the wings of huge "thunder-
birds." Scandinavian mythology explained the phenomenon
in a somewhat different way: Thor, the god of thunder, used
a magic hammer to protect the rest of the gods from the
giants. Thunder was supposed to occur each time Thor
threw his large hammer at his enemies.
THOR
1. Why are lightning and thunder compared to fireworks?
2. There are more than four ways in which lightning can occur. TRUE FALSE
3. How can the location of a storm be estimated?
4. Cultural folklore explained thunder as the act of their different gods. TRUE FALSE
5. Why did Christians fear thunder?
B. Read about mountain storms and fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in brackets. When
you see + use a modal
On July 24 two young British climbers were struck by lightning, though not fatally, in the French Alps. It
occurred just as they (1) _____ (prepare) their equipment for the descent of the rock face. One of them
(2)_____ (suffer) skin burns and (3)_____ (hit) with such force that his climbing boots (4)_____ (explode).
Doctors later said that if this hadn’t happened he (5)_____ (die).
Although lightning (6)_____ (fear) by climbers, and the inhabitants of mountainous areas, it (7) _____
(claim) relatively few lives in the Alps. But mountain guides (8)_____ (have) many stories about their
nightmarish experiences when (9)_____ (climb) the Mont Blanc Area.
“Being caught by an electric storm in the mountains is a terrifying thing”, wrote the guide and writer Lionel
Terray. “The bangs that deafen you, and the lightning strikes that (10)_____ (shake) and sometimes even lift
you off the ground make danger so real that even the bravest (11)_____ (+be) afraid. I (12)______ (know)
what this is about. I (13)_____ (see) many thunderstorms in my life and they (14)_____ (+be) really
frightening.”
Guides and mountaineers who (15)_____ (survive) such experiences
describe very precisely the natural phenomena which precede the first
lightning strikes, and which positively indicate the presence above their
heads of an intense electric field. They talk of flashes that come from the
13
PAPER 1 / 19
tips of their ice-axes, of their hair standing straight up on end, of a sound like bees flying around. At that point,
conditions are ideal for the first lightning (16)_____ (appear).
The energy lightning gives off (17)_____ (+ burn) a person’s clothes, tear their boots apart, melt jewellery
and necklaces or even kill. But if the electric current (18)_____ (not penetrate) the body there won’t be any
internal injuries. In such circumstances, someone struck by lightning (19)_____ (run) a much smaller risk of
(20)_____ (kill).
C. Lionel Terray, the famous guide and mountaineering, saw the first thunderstorm when he was living
with his family. Read his account and fill in the blanks with a suitable connective
I was just 10 years old. It was a summer night and I was lying in bed. (1)_____ the fact that it was perhaps
two or three in the morning I was still wide awake (2)_____ of the thunderstorm that could be heard in the
distance. The bedroom I shared with Alison, my younger sister, had a window looking on to a garden and a
door (3)_____ communicated to my parents’ bedroom. Alison was awake, too. She was (4)_____ scared that
she kept her head under the pillow.
The door that led to my parents’ bedroom was closed. I got up from bed and opened it. In (5)_____ of the
noise of the thunderstorm, my parents were fast asleep. And then, something really unusual happened.
There was a roll of thunder and a bright flash of light emanated from the roof and a ball of lightning came
into the house. It was around the size of a watermelon, it had a bright violet core that turned to pink towards
the edges and there were sparks coming out from the inside of the sphere. The most impressive thing about it
was the way that the ball moved following a zigzag pattern and it was about five to ten centimetres off the
ground. As the ball moved, it produced a strange noise (6) _____ could be described as that made (7)_____ an
electric welder.
The damn thing propagated along the floor until it got very close to my parents’ bed. Then, all of a (8)_____,
it just extinguished.
The entire event (9)__________ have lasted from 3 to 5 seconds but I had such a shock that I still keep it in
mind. Today I am 39 years old and this account is as vivid on my memory as (10)_____ it had happened
yesterday and as I write these lines, I still get the goose bumps.
D. Joe Potts, a TV reporter who works for Discovery Channel, interviewed Lionel Terray after his first
book was published. Complete their dialogue
Joe Nice to have you here with us Lionel. I’ve heard you’ve published your first book about mountaineering. I
know it’s a great success. (1) ____________________________________?
Lionel Well, it is mainly an account of countless personal anecdotes. It describes how climbers struggle for survival
when they are faced with extreme situations, such as thunderstorms, avalanches or landslides.
Joe How interesting. But (2) ____________________________________________ to publish it?
Lionel Well, I had to interview several mountaineers and I had to travel to many places in order to do this. That
took quite a lot of time.
Joe If you had to choose one, (3) ________________________________ you could tell us about?
Lionel Well, the worst experience I can remember happened two years ago, when I was climbing the Petits
Charmoz in the French Alps. Two British climbers from my team were struck by lightning and suffered
severe skin burns.
Joe (4) ___________________________________________________________________again?
Well,
Lionel
actu Well, actually yes…several times in fact. I remember when I went to visit them in hospital and asked them
them wha what they would do after they recovered. They said that (5) __________________.
Joe Amazing story. Thanks for sharing it with us.
E. Composition. Write about 200 words on ONE of the following:
 Send a letter to a friend telling him/ her about a frightning experience you’ve had.
 “Human beings need to be respectful to Mother Nature” Discuss
14
Apellido:

Nombre:

Lugar de Nacimiento:

/ / 
..
EX EX Total mark
DNI: 1+2+3 4+5+6
1. Read the article about two young men who worked on a farm and answer the questions
The Run
Dennis and Mac had been driving for almost a week, and they hadn't seen a single soul. They
were worried. When they'd left the ranch, they'd thought maybe they'd run into someone, another
survivor. But there was no one. The roads were almost empty. There was the occasional abandoned
car, but that was it. They drove mostly on highways, to make better time. Mac wondered if they might
not have better luck on the smaller country roads, but Dennis wouldn't have it. Those roads had
curves and were thick with trees. There was no way of seeing danger coming. If someone wanted to
spring a surprise on you, you wouldn't know it until it was too late.
When the plague came, Dennis and Mac had been working as ranch hands on a cattle farm.
Both had just finished their first year of college. Dennis went to school on the East Coast, Mac on
the West. They found that they were very similar people. They both studied hard and read a lot of
books. But they also both liked being outdoors. At the end of a good day, they came home smelling
of sweat and dirt. They quickly became friends.
The ranch was a small, family-run operation, with only about 50 head of cattle. The family that
ran it, the Greersons, would advertise in college newspapers in the spring. There were plenty of
ranch hands in the area who needed work, but Bucky Greerson felt city kids could benefit from
an exposure to country life. Young men would apply, and then the Greersons would hire about a
half-dozen hands every spring to help them run cattle. It was tough work, but Dennis and Mac felt
lucky to be picked.
The farm didn't have a TV or the Internet or a telephone. As a result, the first time they heard of
the plague was on the radio. Every night, the ranch hands liked to gather in the hall and play cards.
While they played, they listened to the radio. The ranch was so far up in the hills that the radio only
got one station. At night they listened to the station's best DJ, Petey "The Muskrat" Coltrain, who
played old records. Sometimes, between records, The Muskrat told stories. Dennis and Mac thought
he was very funny.
One night, though, The Muskrat's radio show was very different. It couldn't have been more than
six months ago, but to Dennis and Mac, thinking back on it now, it felt like another lifetime. The
Muskrat had been playing a Bill Monroe song when he cut out the record halfway through the chorus.
The ranch hands stopped their game of cards. They turned and looked at the radio. The Muskrat
always played a record all the way through. What could be wrong?
"Folks," said the Muskrat. "I don't know how to tell you this, but I'm going to ask you to stay very
calm. The manager of my station has just passed me a note. It seems that the local health authorities
are asking us radio folks to tell you, our listeners, that... well, a disease is spreading."
The ranch hands put down their cards. Dennis and Mac exchanged a glance.
"Now," The Muskrat said, his rich voice sounding uncharacteristically shaky, "they don't quite
know what this disease is, but it's real bad. It's very contagious, and people who get it don't have a
lot of luck recovering. Now, doctors are trying to figure out a cure, but there's been no luck yet. So,
in the meantime, we're asking that you stay in your homes as much as possible and avoid public
places until the disease dies down."
1
"Please, folks, do what the doctors say," The Muskrat pleaded. "I'm sure it'll just be for a few
days." He was quiet for a moment. Then the ranch hands heard the sound of a turntable needle
hitting the record, and an old Earl Scruggs song came on.
1. Why didn’t Dennis want to drive the smaller country roads?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What did Dennis and Mac have in common?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. How did the Geersons find the people they needed to work on their farm in the summer?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. When did The Muskrat stop his radio show to tell his audience about the disease?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. What were the characteristics of the disease The Muskrat described?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Go on reading the story and fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs in brackets.
When you see + use a modal
That was the beginning of it. For the next few days, the ranch went about its business. The
Greersons told the boys (not worry) ____________________, that this would all be over soon. They
had enough food on the ranch to last months. In the meantime, they (+keep)
____________________ working on the farm. At night, everyone gathered around the radio and
listened to updates. The news seemed only (get) ____________________ worse. More and more
people (get) ____________________ sick. The symptoms were strange. People (+become)
____________________ violently ill, then fall into a long, deep sleep. The big cities - New York, Los
Angeles, Chicago – (become) ____________________ like ghost towns. No one dared (go)
____________________ out into the street for fear of catching the disease.
The news kept getting worse until, finally, the radio station stopped (transmit)
____________________. The Greersons called a meeting in the dining room of the main house.
Everyone (sit) ____________________ around the big dining room table where Ann Greerson served
Sunday supper. After everyone (sit) ____________________, Bucky Greerson stood up.
"Now," he said, "I know you're worried, and I (not feel) ____________________ right keeping you
here while you don't know what (happen) ____________________ to your family and friends. So,
anyone who (want) ____________________ to leave is free to go."
Dennis and Mac looked at each other. They (talk) ____________________ about leaving but had
tried to pretend they (+ not need to) ____________________. They had hoped the plague would be
over soon, that the world would return to the way it was, that it had all been a strange hallucination.
Now that they (have) ____________________ the option to go out into the world and see how bad
things really were, they weren't sure they wanted (know) ____________________.
If Bucky Greerson had not given them the option, they (not leave) ____________________, but Mac
and Dennis decided they (+not stay) ____________________ there any longer.
2
The Greersons gave them enough food (last) ____________________ them a couple of weeks
and as Mac and Dennis packed up their things and put everything into Mac's truck, the Greersons
and the ranch hands gathered around to see them off.
A week later, Mac and Dennis had zigzagged through dozens of small towns and a few larger cities.
____________________ they found frightened them: every place was empty. ____________________
they looked one way or another, there was not a person out.
Sometimes, they would stop and knock on doors. ____________________ the fact that no one
would answer, they sometimes went inside. ____________________ they would sometimes find the
dinner table set, they never found a single person home. Every time they entered a new room, they
both winced, thinking they'd find a dead body. ____________________ they never did. It was a very
strange feeling, ____________________ if the whole world had disappeared around them.
Sometimes, ____________________ the place still got electricity, they'd try to use the phone. Every
time, no ____________________ what number they dialed, the same recorded message came on: "The
number is not in service. Please check the number and try again."
____________________, the young men decided to go in the direction of the nearest big city. Even
____________________ it would be a full day of driving, they thought it was their best chance of
finding someone. You can't abandon a whole city.
4. Fill in the blanks with ONE word only.
Dusk had come, and Mac was at the wheel. Dennis had ____________________ driving for the last
eight hours. He was ____________________ tired to go on driving and was taking a nap in the
passenger seat. They were passing through a long, flat piece of land ____________________ Mac saw
some movement in the distance. He stopped the car, ____________________ off the engine and
shook Dennis awake.
"Look," Mac said excitedly. "I think someone's coming."
Dennis squinted his eyes. The movement was becoming larger. ____________________ had been
a dot of motion became a long line, stretching across the horizon. Mac and Dennis
____________________ an effort to see what it was. It looked ____________________ people, but
they were not sure.
Denis looked for his binoculars, put them to his eyes and looked ____________________ them.
"My gosh," whispered Dennis.
What he saw was people. Thousands of people. Hundreds of thousands, maybe a million. And they
were all running. They were running ____________________ fast as they could go, like something
was chasing them, or like they were chasing something. As they grew closer, Dennis could just make
____________________ the people's faces. Their eyes were wild.
"Start the car," screamed Dennis.
3
5. Dennis and Mac started talking in the car. Complete the dialogue
Dennis Mac, I’m scared! ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________doing?
Mac I’ve no idea. But they were coming our way! Did you get a good look at them? __________
_________________________________________________________________________?
Dennis Like zombies! And their eyes were wild!
Mac Zombies? You can’t be serious, Dennis. __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________?
Dennis I believe in what I see. And they didn’t look like ordinary people!
Mac But maybe they need our help. _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________?
Dennis Turn back? Help them? ______________________________________________________
serious, Mac. I’m telling you they were dangerous.
Mac ______________________________________________________________________ sure?
Dennis I saw the look in their eyes. It was really frightening.
Mac Ok, Ok. ____________________________________________________________________?
Dennis I don’t know. Just keep driving as fast as you can.
Mac Dennis, you must calm down. It’s no good ________________________________________
______________________________________________________. We must think of a plan.
Dennis The only plan I can think of is to hide from those horrible people.
Mac __________________________________________________________________________?
Dennis I think I saw a cave a few kilometres away from here. Maybe we can hide from them in
there.
Mac That may be a good plan, but unless _____________________________________________
a gas station we’ll soon run out of petrol!
Dennis Oh, no!!! I think I saw a gas station somewhere near here. Keep going, Mac! Please!!!
 The End of the Road. Continue the story of Mac and Dennis
 “There is no life after death.” Discuss

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Profesores Asociados Egresados del Instituto de

Enseñanza Superior en Lenguas Vivas “Juan Ramón Fernández”

/ / 

1. When did Mr Ivester become CEO?

3. What does he think about hierarchy?

4. Do they get together once a year to carry out business planning?

5. What used to be executives' motto in the past?

3. Fill in the blanks with only ONE word only

REP. So, Mr Ivester, _____________________________________________ from Cairo?

6. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following:

1. Read and answer

2) According to Freud, what is one of the main reasons why we dream?

3) Why do we sometimes wake up abruptly from our sleep?

4) Why is strange dream content accepted without questioning?

4. Go on reading and fill in the gaps with ONE suitable word

Dr Penn: Well, _________________________________________________________________________________?

Anne: I don’t know… I could wear them at work…

Dr Penn: Don’t you wear a uniform at work?

Anne: Yes… Anyway, __________________________________________________________________________.

Dr Penn: What are your plans for the future, then?

Anne: Oh, he doesn’t know about it. If he knew _____________________________________________________

Anne: No, everything is worked out. By this time next year____________________________________________

6. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following:

/ / 

1. Why are good schools sometimes visited by inspectors?

2. What can inspectors do when the teachers at a school are unsatisfactory?

3. Why do inspectors study teachers’ qualifications?

4. Why do inspectors take a close look at accommodation?

5. Why is it that inspectors’ recommendations on schools do not come as a shock to

2. Go on reading and fill in the blanks with a suitable connective

A few minutes ____________________ a member of staff came in and introduced himself

4. Ms Delaware, a teacher in a primary school, is being interviewed by a reporter who

REP. Ms Delaware, you’re a teacher at a primary school, is that right?

5. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following:

 A pleasant / unpleasant experience at school

Elon Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa

1. What was school life like for Elon Musk?

2. Musk finished his PhD in Stanford University. True False

C. Go on reading and fill in the blanks with One word.

Musk has also been keeping pretty busy here on

D. Complete this interview to Elon Musk

Interviewer Let’s welcome our guest today, Mr Elon Musk

E. Composition. Write about 200 words on ONE of the following:

 My life on another planet when I left Earth

1. What is the main irony about Hawking’s life?

2. What are the characteristics of Hawking’s disease?

5. In what ways does Hawking remain close to ordinary people?

3. Go on reading and fill in the blanks with a suitable connective

4. Fill in the blanks with ONE word only.

Interviewer Mrs Shapiro, your recovery was like a miracle. _____________________________

6. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following:

 A Turning Point in my Life.

The Year of the Digital Citizen

1. Read and answer

5) What is the main advantage of this new kind of news reporting?

3. Read about smartphonesand fill in the blanks with a suitable connective

5. Complete the dialogue

Alex: Yes. My old one broke down a few weeks ago.

Lex: It looks like a good one. _____________________________________________________ with it?

Alex: Not great. It’s completely different __________________________________________________.

___________________________________________________________________ new software!

Alex: That’s true. Look, I hate to bring this up but ____________________________________________

Alex: Sorry. I don’t want to hold you up. ___________________________________________________

6. Composition. Write about 180 words on ONE of the following: