TRANSPORTE Y DESTINO DE LOS CONTAMINANTES TEMAS 1 Y 2

Dr. Marco Antonio Martínez Cinco

Tarea 2

PROBLEMA 1. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

An analytical chemist determines that an estuarine water sample contains 1.5 g/liter of sulfate ion (SO 4-2). What
is the concentration in terms of

a) g/l of sulfur (S)?

b) Molar concentration of sulfate?
c) Normality?
d) Parts per million of sulfate?

PROBLEMA 2. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

Air at 1 atm pressure has a density of approximately 1.3 g/liter and contains SO 2 at a concentration of 25 g/m3.
What is this concentration in terms of

(a) ppm (mass of SO2 per 106 units mass or air)?

(b) moles SO2 per 106 moles of air?

PROBLEMA 3. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

Fuel oil is pumped into a leaking tank at a rate of 1 liter/min. The hole at the botton has an effective area of 0.1
cm2. What is the maximun depth that the fuel oil can reach if the tanks is initially empty? (Note that fuel oil
spurts out through the hole with a velocity of 2gh, where h is the depth of oil and g is the acceleration of
gravity, 981 cm/sec2.).

PROBLEMA 4. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

Natural dissolved organic material (DOM) concentration in the streams entering a 2 x 10 5 m3 water reservoir
averages 7 mg/liter; total annual inflows is 10 5 m3. Due to evaporation, annual outflow of liquid water (via a
dam and spillway, and a municipal water intake) is only 9 x 104 m3, and DOM concentration in the outflow is
6.5 mg/liter. What is the sink strenght for DOM, expressed per cubic meter of water per day?

PROBLEMA 6. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

What is the flux density of:

a) organic nitrogen (org-N) in a wastewater infiltration basin, if the org-N concentration is 10 mg/liter and
water seeps into the soil at a rate of 2 cm/hr?.
b) Salt in a horizontal, 10 cm-long tube connecting a tank of seawater (salinity = 30 g/liter) and a tank of
freshwater (salinity  0), assuming no advention occurs?
c) CO2 in an automobile exhaust pipe, where gas velocity is 30 cm/sec and CO2 concentration is 0.05 g/liter?

PROBLEMA 8. Capitulo 1 del Hemond

TRANSPORTE Y DESTINO DE LOS CONTAMINANTES TEMAS 1 Y 2
Dr. Marco Antonio Martínez Cinco

In manufacturing a fruit drink, citric acid is added to water in the amount of 0.1 mol/liter. What is the pH of the
resulting solution? Use an acid dissociation constant of 8.4 x 10 -4 for the ionization of citric acid (assume only
the first deprotonation reaction occurs).

PROBLEMA 11. Capítulo 1 del Hemond

Methyl dichloroacetate (Cl2CHCO2CH3) decays into methanol (CH3OH) and dichloroacetic acid (Cl2CHCO2H)
upon reaction with water. Given a rate constant of 2.7x10 -4 sec-1 and an initial concentration of 1 ppm methyl
dichloroacetate in the water, how much methanol will be present in the water after 30 min? Assume that no
methanol is initially present in the water and neglect the possibility that methanol volatilizes or undergoes
further decay after being formed.

PROBLEMA 12. Capítulo 1 del Hemond

Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, has a half-life of approximately 12 years.

a) What is its decay constant?

b) If a sample of water containing only tritium is sealed up for 25 years, what will be the molar ratio of tritium
to its decay product, helium-3, at the end of this time years?

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PROBLEMA 13. Capítulo 1 del Hemond
Ten curies of cesium-137, having a half-life of 1.1 x 104 days, are blown into the upper atmosphere by a nuclear
test. Approximately how much cesium-137 eventually returns to Earth, if its typical residence time in the
atmosphere is 2 years?

PROBLEMA 14. Capítulo 1 del Hemond

Small fish in an m-cresol contaminated lake acquire an m.cresol concentration of 0.1 ppm in their fatty tissue.
If their fatty tissue behaves similarly to octanol with respect to m-cresol partitioning, what is the probable
approximate concentration of m-cresol in the lake water?

PROBLEMA 15. Capítulo 1 del Hemond

A stoppered flask at 25 oC contains 250 ml water, 200 ml octanol, and 50 ml of air. An unknown amount of o-
xylene is added to the flask and allowed to partition among the phases. After equilibrium has been established,
5.0 mg of o-xylene are measured in the water. What is the total mass of o-xylene present in the falsk?

PROBLEMA 1
1 En un estanque se encuentra una concentración en el agua de 5ppm en masa de tricloroetano.
(a) Estima la concentración esperada en el contenido de agua, el tejido graso y en la vejiga natatoria de
peces que pudiesen habitar el estanque. Asume que el tejido graso tiene la constante de distribución
del octanol.
(b) Si el pez pesa 800 g, calcula el contenido total en gramos de tricloroetano. El pez contiene en peso
4.5% de grasa, 84% de agua, 3% de aire y 8.5% de tejido que no contiene tricloroetano.