PASSIVE DESIGN

The significance of passive cooling systems has been demonstrated in the past. Different building
forms, construction methods, and orientational augments have evolved over time. From hilltop houses
that take full advantage of the fresh breezes to buildings with large walls and small openings seen in
diverse extremely hot climatic regions, a regard for the natural environment and the extremes of climate
has been evident from the first examples of construction. The topic of cooling technology covers
everything from the construction of structures to the use of cooling measures once they've been
completed. In an ideal world, cooling difficulties would be addressed throughout the design stage of a
building, resulting in a holistic approach to reducing heat gains by the structure.
Passive Systems for Various Climates

Hot Humid Climate

Hot Dry Climate
Cool Climate
Temperate Climate
Hot Humid Climate
-Maximum wind exposure
-Max Internal airflow
-Minimum radiant heat gain

Cool Climate
-Maximum thermal retention
-Maximum radial heat gain
-Minimum wind resistant

Temperate Climate
-Moderate thermal retention
-Moderate radiant heat gain
-Slight wind exposure
-Moderate internal air flow
• the changes in the outside temperature in
the daily and annual cycle are relatively
minor, a hot humid climate has no advantage
in terms of thermal inertia of structures as
the radiation is so high, it is critical to
provide the best possible protection against
its effects by striving to stop not only direct
radiation, but also diffuse radiation, which is
crucial in these climates. On the other side,
ventilation is critical for dissipating heat in
the interior and reducing humidity in the
interior spaces. The buildings have
enormous sun-protected apertures, but the
conventional building implantation uses long
thin shapes that are autonomous and apart
from one another, striving not to create
barriers for breezes between the different
structures. In these climates, apertures
occupying the entire interior space are used
to allow air circulation to reach the entire
interior space.
 •In areas with this type of environment, an
attempt is usually made to take precautions.
Taking advantage of the large temperature
swings during the day-night cycle, delaying
heat penetration as much as possible so that
it reaches the interior at night, when it is
least irritating.
 •Cold climates -The most important factor
for building habituality in cold climates is
keeping the heat trapped inside. This directly
leads to a preference for compact built forms
with as few exposed surfaces to the outside
as possible in order to reduce heat loss. In
the most extreme cases, architectural forms
become semi-spherical, seeking maximum
volume for the smallest possible shell
surface, whereas in other cases, the building
is set underground, seeking maximum
protection. Although it is obvious that these
solutions limit the possibilities for ventilation
and lighting in the interior, the most critical
condition of the architecture—in this case,
cold—takes precedence over the others in
the definition of its general volumetry.
•Windy Climate, which occur in conjunction
with any of the preceding situations and are
characterized by strong and frequent winds,
or in temperate climates where wind can
become a major problem in building
construction. The popular architecture of
temperate climates in general, and the
Mediterranean climate in particular, solves
the difficult problem of using a single
architectural form to resist a variety of
climatic conditions that, to a lesser extent,
reproduce the characteristics of the extreme
climates. Roofs built of clay tiles were
excellent in keeping water away from their
timber components beneath while also
decreasing overheating for the occupants in
hot and temperate areas because of the
pitch with which they were made.
 Durarib Roofing
Fixed
window

Asphalt Roof
Insulation

Ceiling foil
insulation

Bifold glass Door

Wood panel and

concrete wall

Patterned Concrete
Wood Panels for outdoor flooring
wall plants

Louver windows Jalouse window