NAME: ABDULHAMEED HESHAM

ID :20182016

Computer Applications in Power Systems

DR : HOSSAM ELDIN ABDULAH

Load Frequency Control of 1-Area and 2-Area

Systems
Parameters calculations of area 1:
Single area uncontrolled:
At R=0.02

It has a nice value of undershoot ‘-0.058’ but a lot of oscillations

is shown in the figure.
At R=0.04
At R=0.06

At R=0.08

I chose this value of R because it has small value of steady state

error, low oscillations and nice undershoot value.
 R First overshoot First undershoot Settling Time

0.08 0 @ 0s -0.0743 @ 0.7280s 19.875s

0.06 0 @ 0 s -0.0711 @ 0.667s 21.4928s

0.04 0.0054 @ 1.9790s -0.0663 @ 0.587s 22.5078s

Single area controlled:

Choosing integrator gain value:

1st : at Ki=1
As shown in the figure, the integrator tries to overcome the
outage and gets it back to zero.
At Ki=2
At K=3

Comment:
From the previous values, the most reasonable value of
integrator gain is 3

Integrator gain value attempts:

Ki First overshoot First undershoot Settling Time

1 0 @ 0s -0.0745 @ 0.7330s 25.492s

2 -0.0743 @ 0.7280s 0@ 0s 19.875s

3 -0.0742 @ 0.723s 0.0722 @ 1.6830s 13.375s

Two Area Uncontrolled:

Parameters calculations of Area 2:

Generation outage at area 1:
Comment:
In the shown figure, a generation outage happened which caused
a drop in the system frequency due to the resulting mismatch
between generation and demand. the frequency deviation at area
1 after the outage will be more severe, This is because the power
system's response to a disturbance is affected by the
characteristics of the interconnected areas and the way in which
they are controlled.
Generation Outage at Area 2:
Area 1 uncotrolled and Area 2 controlled :
Generation Outage Area 1:
Generation Outage at area 2:
Comment:
The steady state error in the system will equal to
zero due to the integrator connected to area 2.