Gktoday 1-31 July 2023

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Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - July, 2023
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Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - July, 2023
Contents
......................... ... ...... _ .... .... . ..........................................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
July 1, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
July 2, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 3
July 3, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
July 4, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
July 5, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
July 6, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 6
July 7, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 7
July 8, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 8
July 9, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
July 10, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 9
July 11, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 10
July 12, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 11
July 13, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 12
July 14, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 12
July 15, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 13
July 16, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 14
July 17, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 15
July 18, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 15
July 19, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 16
July 20, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 17
July 21, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 18
July 22, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 19
July 23, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 19
July 24, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 20
July 25, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 21
July 26, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 21
July 27, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 22
July 28, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 23
July 29, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 24
July 30, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 25
July 31, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 26
July 1, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Tomato Grand Challenge Hackathon .................................................................................................... 26
132nd Edition of Durand Cup .................................................................................................................. 27
Tejas Mk-1 Completes 7 Years of Service ............................................................................................ 28
July 4, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Akshar River Cruise ................................................................................................................................... 29
Dark Patterns ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Deep Sea Mining ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Horizontal Reservations for Transgender Persons ............................................................................... 31
$3 Billion Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) between Pakistan and IMF ............................................. 32
Regional Symposium on Child Protection, Safety and Child Welfare ............................................. 33
Burden of Disease Attributable to Unsafe Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2019 Update
.................................................................................................................................................................. 33
© 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books & notes visit GKTBOOKS.COM 2
India’s First Pig Schools ............................................................................................................................. 34
Tamper-proof Signalling System ............................................................................................................. 35
INS Kirpan ................................................................................................................................................... 36
Santa Fe Frog .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Solar Radiation Management ................................................................................................................... 37
Bharat 6G Alliance ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Joint Ocean Expedition Aboard 'Sagar Nidhi' ...................................................................................... 39
eSARAS Mobile App ................................................................................................................................. 40
‘Trade in Services for Development’ Report ........................................................................................ 40
July 5, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Mo Jungle Jami Yojana ............................................................................................................................... 41
One Health Priority Research Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance ............................................... 42
India Leads Worldwide in Childhood Diabetes and Fatalities ........................................................... 43
Link Between Air Pollution and Lung Disease ..................................................................................... 44
July 6, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Scheme for Expansion and Modernization of Fire Services in the States ...................................... 45
What is FireDrone? .................................................................................................................................... 46
Taylor Glacier ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Consolidated Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience Framework (CSCRF) for Sebi Regulated
Entities ................................................................................................................................................... 48
World Investment Report 2023 .............................................................................................................. 48
Solar Shooting Stars .................................................................................................................................. 49
Bird Divorce ................................................................................................................................................. 50
Impact of CMV and ToMV on Tomato Crops ..................................................................................... 51
China’s Newly Amended Anti-Espionage Law ..................................................................................... 52
Expert Committee's Report on Market Yard of National Importance Platform ........................... 53
DGCA-EASA MoU for Cooperation in Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Innovative Air Mobility
................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Factors Driving the Soaring Indian Stock Markets ............................................................................. 55
New Scheme to Support Minor Victims of Rape ................................................................................ 55
Meta's Threads App ................................................................................................................................... 56
Second Thomas Shoal ............................................................................................................................... 57
Assam Cabinet Approves Key Initiatives for Development ............................................................... 57
July 7, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................... 58
Indian Tri-Services Contingent in French Bastille Day Parade ......................................................... 58
SALVEX 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 59
July 10, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D) - Current Updates (July, 2023) ................... 60
Anomalocaris canadensis ........................................................................................................................... 61
Wilson's Little Penguin ............................................................................................................................... 62
Phosphine in Venus' Atmosphere ............................................................................................................ 62
July 11, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................................... 63
Granite on Moon ........................................................................................................................................ 63
Guinness World Record Created for Lambani Art ............................................................................. 64
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) ..................................................................................... 65
Risk of Pholcodine ...................................................................................................................................... 66
What is PBW RS1? ...................................................................................................................................... 66
Guillain-Barré Syndrome .......................................................................................................................... 67
Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023 ................................................................................................... 68
EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework .......................................................................................................... 69
Draft of Comprehensive Guidelines for Exhibition of Public Service Awareness (PSA) Films
................................................................................................................................................................. 70
Candida auris ................................................................................................................................................ 71
'Ama Odisha, Naveen Odisha' Scheme .................................................................................................. 71
Navantia and L&T Collaborate for Indian Navy's P75 (I) Submarine Program Bid ................... 72
Osteo HRNet ............................................................................................................................................... 73
July 12, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 74
Quality Control Orders for ‘Potable Water Bottles’ and ‘Flame-Producing Lighter’ ................... 74
Telangana Eunuchs Act ............................................................................................................................ 74
Indian Government Mandates Air-Conditioned Truck Cabins ........................................................ 76
India-Tanzania Defence Cooperation .................................................................................................... 76
Most Reflective Exoplanet ......................................................................................................................... 77
July 14, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................................... 78
ASEAN Countries Conference on Traditional Medicines ................................................................. 78
Op Southern Readiness 2023 .................................................................................................................. 79
Rafale Marine Aircraft ............................................................................................................................... 80
Millet-based Menu for Armed Forces .................................................................................................... 81
Low-energy Consuming Switchable Smart Windows ......................................................................... 81
Kaas Plateau ................................................................................................................................................. 82
Hero Asian Champions Trophy 2023 ................................................................................................... 83
ATR Module of AuditOnline ................................................................................................................... 84
‘SAGAR SAMPARK’ Differential Global Navigation Satellite System ............................................ 85
Michele Bullock ........................................................................................................................................... 85
5-Year Work Visa For Indian Students Pursuing Masters In France .............................................. 86
OVL Considers Resuming Operations in Block 20 in Iraq ............................................................... 87
India Approves Amendments to Promote Mineral Exploration ....................................................... 87
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour .................................................................................................. 88
July 17, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................................... 89
Nomadic Elephant – 2023 ....................................................................................................................... 89
India – Indonesia Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD Dialogue) ........................................... 90
“Bhoomi Samman” 2023 .......................................................................................................................... 91
AI for India 2.0 ........................................................................................................................................... 92
Hwasong-18 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ...................................................................................... 92
July 18, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................................ 93
DGFT’s Advance Authorisation Scheme ............................................................................................... 93
G20 Global Food Regulators Summit ................................................................................................... 94
CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal .................................................................................................................... 94
Oil 2023 (Analysis & forecast to 2028) Medium-term Market Report ......................................... 95
3rd Edition of ‘Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2022’ for States/UTs ........................................ 96
Eunice Newton Foote ................................................................................................................................ 97
Gambusia Fish Released in Andhra Pradesh's Water Bodies ............................................................ 98
New Guidelines for the Designation of Senior Advocates in SC ..................................................... 98
Namda Project ............................................................................................................................................ 99
India-France Cooperation on Advance Aeronautical Technologies .............................................. 100
India-UAE Agreement on Use of Local Currencies for Cross-Border Transactions .................. 101
What is Donanemab? ............................................................................................................................... 102
Chachin Grazing Festival ......................................................................................................................... 103
Madhya Pradesh’s 'CM Rise' Schools ................................................................................................... 103
2nd Edition of National Multidimensional Poverty Index ................................................................ 104
July 19, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 105
TCRM Matrix Framework ...................................................................................................................... 105
Tri-Services ‘Nari Sashaktikaran Women Motorcycle Rally’ .......................................................... 106
July 20, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 107
Festival of Libraries 2023 ........................................................................................................................ 107
Tankai Method .......................................................................................................................................... 108
25th Director General of Indian Coast Guard ................................................................................... 108
NIF-India and Indian Genomix Collaboration on Eco-friendly Herbal Tech .............................. 109
Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill, 2023 .......................................................................... 110
UP's Subsidy Portal for EVs ...................................................................................................................... 111
All India Services (Death-cum-Retirement Benefits) Amendment Rules, 2023 .......................... 112
C295 Military Transport Aircraft ........................................................................................................... 113
Promotion of Research and Development and Innovation in the pharma-medtech sector ...... 114
Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023 and the Mediation Bill ........................................ 114
July 21, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................................... 115
Jharkhand’s Vision Document to Achieve 2070 Net Zero Target ................................................. 115
Rajasthan Honour of Dead Body Bill, 2023 ........................................................................................ 116
HLA-B*15:01 Gene .................................................................................................................................... 117
July 22, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 118
SEBI’s Six New Mutual Fund Strategies Under ESG Theme ........................................................... 118
Admiral Lisa Franchetti ............................................................................................................................ 119
Surat Diamond Bourse ............................................................................................................................ 120
Rajasthan Platform Based GIG Workers (Registration and Welfare) Bill, 2023 .......................... 121
Odisha’s ‘Interest Subsidy-Subvention’ Scheme .................................................................................. 121
ASCI's Guidelines for Charitable Advertisements .............................................................................. 122
European Peace Facility ............................................................................................................................ 123
MoRTH's Signage Guidelines ................................................................................................................. 125
MAHSR Corridor Project ........................................................................................................................ 126
Price Stabilisation Fund ............................................................................................................................ 126
Forest Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 - Current Updates (July, 2023) ......................... 127
Fruit Flies' Defences Against Common Bacteria ................................................................................ 129
July 24, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 129
5th Helicopter & Small Aircraft Summit .............................................................................................. 129
JJM Digital Academy ................................................................................................................................. 131
Who is Leon Marchand? .......................................................................................................................... 131
'Akira' Ransomware Attack .................................................................................................................... 132
Why is Elon Musk Rebranding Twitter as X? ..................................................................................... 133
Semicon India 2023 ................................................................................................................................. 134
Ayushman Bhav Programme .................................................................................................................. 135
Talisman Sabre Exercises 2023 ............................................................................................................. 136
BRICS Urbanisation Forum .................................................................................................................... 137
Ludwigia peruviana ................................................................................................................................... 138
Marine Heat Waves .................................................................................................................................. 138
Batagaika Crater ........................................................................................................................................ 139
July 25, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 140
TRAI’s Draft Telecommunication Consumers Education and Protection Fund (Sixth
Amendment) Regulation, 2023 ..................................................................................................... 140
“Depositor Education and Awareness” (DEA) Fund ......................................................................... 141
National Dental Commission Bill, 2023 and the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission
Bill, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 142
July 26, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
Rio Grande River Barrier ......................................................................................................................... 143
Badgirs and Qanats .................................................................................................................................. 144
Gulf Stream System .................................................................................................................................. 145
DS-SAR Satellite Mission ........................................................................................................................ 145
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary ...................................................................................................................... 146
Gabon's Debt-for-Nature Swap Initiative ........................................................................................... 147
Son of Concorde ....................................................................................................................................... 148
Worldcoin Project ..................................................................................................................................... 149
July 27, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 150
Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar .................................................................................................................... 150
Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill 2023 - Current Updates 2 (July, 2023) ........................ 151
National Conference on ‘Moving Mental Health Beyond Institutions’ .......................................... 152
International Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre - ‘Bharat Mandapam’ ...................................... 152
Jharkhand’s PESA Draft Rules ................................................................................................................ 153
UGC Guidelines for Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Higher Education Institutions
(HEIs) .................................................................................................................................................. 154
What is JUPITER-3? ................................................................................................................................. 156
What is RoboMapper? ............................................................................................................................. 156
Italian Bill Criminalising Surrogacy Abroad ........................................................................................ 157
Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) ....................................................................................................... 158
Frontier Model Forum ............................................................................................................................. 159
Japan’s Population Decline ...................................................................................................................... 160
UK-India Defence and Military Technology Cooperation Workshop ........................................... 161
July 28, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 162
Enhancing Connectivity and Sustainability in Bihar Roads Project ................................................ 162
Rajkot International Airport .................................................................................................................... 163
July 29, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................................... 164
What are Tail Strikes? ............................................................................................................................. 164
Free Movement Regime .......................................................................................................................... 165
AHA and ACC Guidelines for Treating Chronic Heart Conditions .............................................. 166
Parkachik Glacier ...................................................................................................................................... 167
Rajasthan Secondary Towns Development Sector Project .............................................................. 168
ARCL and CDMDF .................................................................................................................................. 169
July 31, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 170
NASA's SpaceX Crew-7 Mission .......................................................................................................... 170
What is TechEquity? ................................................................................................................................. 171
Arsht–Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center’s “Scorching Divide” Report .......................... 172
Solnhofia parsonsi ..................................................................................................................................... 173
Western Tragopan .................................................................................................................................... 174
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die ...................................................................................... 175
Archeological Significance of Benisagar .............................................................................................. 176
Role of T Cells in Fat and Muscle Loss During Infection ................................................................ 177
Isle of Rum ................................................................................................................................................. 178
ULLAS App ................................................................................................................................................ 178
News Headlines
July 1, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for July 1, 2023
INDIA
Union Consumer Affairs Ministry has decided to issue norms against ‘dark patterns’
in misleading online advertisements.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecast “normal” rainfall in July.
The Appointments Committee of the Union Cabinet approved the reappointment of
Tushar Mehta as the Solicitor-General of India.
India backs 2016 ruling favouring the Philippines in South China Sea.
National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission 2047 will be launched in Madhya
Pradesh.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Centre raised interest rates on select saving schemes by up to 0.3% for the July-
September quarter.
Federal Bank appoints former NPCI MD A.P Hota as its Chairman.
Centre’s fiscal deficit at 11.8% of target at May-end.
India’s FY23 external debt rises to USD 624.7 billion: Reserve Bank of India.
WORLD
US Supreme Court strikes down President Joe Biden’s 400 billion student loan
forgiveness proposal.
U.S. approves sale of ammunition worth USD 440 million to Taiwan.
Iran to join Shanghai alliance with China, Russia next week.
SPORTS
India’s men’s national football team moved up from the 101st to the 100th rank in
FIFA World Rankings.
Dipika Pallikal and Harinder Sandhu win 2023 Asian Squash Mixed Doubles
Championships.
The Indian men’s kabaddi team beat Iran 42-32 to defend its Asian Championships
title.
July 2, 2023
INDIA
India adds 664 animal species to its fauna database and 339 taxa to its flora.
The seventh edition of the two-day Mysuru Literature Festival has commenced.
Britain’s King Charles III and Queen Camilla presented the Elephant Family
environmental award to Kartiki Gonsalves, director of ‘The Elephant Whisperers’.
Union WCD Minister inaugurates Regional Symposium on Child Protection, Safety
and Child Welfare.
The first batch of the crew recovery team of Mission Gaganyaan completed Phase-1
of training.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Merger between Housing Development Finance Corporation limited and HDFC Bank
comes into effect.
GST collection rises 12% to ₹1.61 lakh crore in June.
Jet fuel or Aviation turbine fuel price raised by 1.6% on global cues.
Payments made using international credit cards (ICC) during overseas visits will not
attract Tax Collected at Source (TCS).
WORLD
Twitter: Elon Musk introduces limit to viewing tweets to fix data scraping.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez reaches Kyiv to commence Spain’s EU
presidency.
Sri Lanka gets Parliament nod for domestic debt restructuring plan.
SPORTS
Neeraj Chopra has won his second ‘Lausanne Diamond League’ title.
India storm into final of SAFF football championship defeating Lebanon 4-2.
Yuki Bhambri wins maiden ATP doubles title in Mallorca, Spain
July 3, 2023
INDIA
Zoological Survey of India celebrates 108th ZSI Day with Special Focus on ‘Mission
Life’.
Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice
will hold a meeting on the Uniform Civil Code (UCC).
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has said that the Southwest Monsoon
has covered the entire country six days ahead.
Two-day Startup20 Shikhar summit begins in Gurugram, Haryana.
Under the aegis of Ministry of Culture, the International Buddhist Confederation
(IBC) to celebrate Ashadha Purnima.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
State Bank of India opens 34 transaction banking hubs.
Bank of Baroda to divest 49% in credit card arm BOB Financial Solutions.
Indian Bank rolls out digital services under ‘Project WAVE’ initiative.
Over 12000 fake entities in GST; CBIC plans biometric authentication
WORLD
U.S. President Joe Biden will host Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson of Sweden for
discussions on NATO, Ukraine.
After Prime Minister, Dutch king apologises for his country’s role in slavery.
French President Emmanuel Macron holds emergency meeting after riots erupt.
France and UAE collaborate to accelerate shift towards Clean Energy amidst the
trilateral initiative with India.
SPORTS
13 member boxing team led by Nikhat Zareen & Lovlina Borgohain to represent
India at Asian Games 2023.
Two-time champions West Indies fail to qualify for ICC World Cup 2023.
Double world champion Max Verstappen ran away with an Austrian Grand Prix sprint
race.
July 4, 2023
INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to host Xi Jinping, Vladimir Putin, Shehbaz Sharif
virtually for SCO summit.
Centre announces scheme to support minor rape victims under the aegis of the
Nirbhaya Fund and an amount of ₹74.1 crore has been allocated.
Twelve-day annual Kanwar Yatra begins in different parts of country.
Prime Minister inaugurates Sai Hira Global Convention Centre in Puttaparthi, Andhra
Pradesh.
DAY-NRLM launches Mobile App to Market products made by women of Self-help
Groups.
DoT Launches Bharat 6G Alliance to Drive Innovation and Collaboration in Next-
Generation Wireless Technology.
Startup20 Engagement Group’s Gurugram Shikhar Summit marks first major
milestone in global Startup Ecosystem.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said that 76% of the ₹2,000 banknotes in circulation.
IDFC Limited set to merge with lender IDFC First Bank.
India doubles its share of global commercial services exports between 2005 and
2022: World Bank and WTO report.
WORLD
Iran executes 354 people in first half of 2023: Norway-based Iran Human Rights.
UAE establishes new Ministry of Investment to Boost Economic Competitiveness.
National Anti-Doping Agency, India (NADA India) signs MoU with South Asia Regional
Anti-Doping Organization (SARADO).
SPORTS
Nadubhagom Chundan of the Nadubhagom Boat Club lifted the Raja Pramukhan
Trophy in Kerala.
Bangabandhu SAFF Championship: Indian men’s football team to take on Kuwait in
grand finale.
July 5, 2023
INDIA
The Centre decided to help build infrastructure in border areas to combat child
trafficking and help in rehabilitation and protection of victims.

UGC makes PhD optional for recruitment to post of Assistant Professor in institutions
of higher education.
India experiences its warmest June since 1901, says India Meteorological Department
(IMD).
Leaders of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) adopted New Delhi
Declaration.
President of India attends the Closing Ceremony of 125th Birth Anniversary of Alluri
Sitarama Raju.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Delhi-based think tank Centre for Policy Research loses tax exemption status.
States’ average debt cost continues to rise, with the latest weighted average cost
rising to 7.46%
India’s services sector growth eases to three-month low in June: PMI.
WORLD
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) at summit calls for multipolar world order.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg to remain at NATO helm for another year.
Egypt and Turkey had appointed Ambassadors to each others’ countries for the first
time in a decade.
U.N. Security Council to hold first-ever meeting on threats of Artificial Intelligence
UK calls for expansion of UNSC’s permanent seats to include India, Brazil, Germany,
Japan as well as African representation.
SPORTS
Lallianzuala Chhangte and Manisha Kalyan were named the AIFF Men’s and
Women’s Footballer of the Year for 2022-23.
Ajit Agarkar named chairman of BCCI’s senior men’s selection committee.
Scotland knocks out Zimbabwe out of Cricket World Cup.
July 6, 2023
INDIA
The Union Cabinet has cleared the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Bill.
MoU for setting up of campus of IIT Madras in Zanzibar- Tanzania signed; It would
be the first ever IIT campus to be set up outside India.
DGCA signs MoU with European Union Aviation Safety Agency for unmanned aircraft
systems & Innovative air mobility.
Meeting of Space Economy Leaders under India’s G20 presidency begins in
Bengaluru.
Chandrayaan-3 integrated with launch vehicle LVM3
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research identifies third unique farmer’s jackfruit
variety.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Ministry of Home Affairs, launches ‘Scheme for Expansion and Modernization of Fire
Services in the States’ with a total outlay of Rs.5,000 Crore.
Purchasing Managers’ Index- PMI signals services growth eased to 3-month low in
June.
IBA sets up 5-member group to implement RBI committee’s recommendations on
ARCs.
WORLD
The seventh edition of the bilateral Japan-India Maritime Exercise 2023 (JIMEX 23)
hosted by the Indian Navy, is being conducted at and off Visakhapatnam.
Thailand’s Parliament to vote on new Prime Minister on July 13.
The United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden and Ukraine launched a case against Iran at
the International Court of Justice.
United States says, India is among one of the most sought-after players on global
stage.
SPORTS
Canada Open Badminton tournament, India’s PV Sindhu and Lakshya Sen advance to
the next rounds
July 7, 2023
INDIA
PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of projects worth 7,600 crore rupees in
Chhattisgarh.
External Affairs Minister Dr. S Jaishankar to co-chair 10th India-Tanzania Joint
Commission Meeting.
Urban-20 Mayoral Summit begins in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar in Gujarat.
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)’s Delhi meeting expels Ajit Pawar and 11 others
from party.
India Meteorological Department issues red alert for the coastal districts of
Karnataka; Heavy rains hit Kerala.
Collegium led by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud proposes new Chief Justices
for 7 High Courts.
ISRO: Chandrayaan-3 to be launched on July 14, lunar landing on August 23 or 24.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Finance Ministry pushes for measures to facilitate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
flows.
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman chairs meeting to review performance of
Public Sector Banks.
NLC India Ltd bags GeM Award in “Timely Payments (CPSEs)” Category for 2023.
WORLD
World Swahili Language Day is celebrated on July 7.
Facebook parent Meta has unveiled an app called Threads to rival Twitter.
Netherlands to return colonial-era acquisitions to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
Belarus President claims that Wagner chief is in Russia.
SPORTS
Wimbledon 2023: Defending Champion Novak Djokovic and Top seed Iga Swiatek
enter third round in singles.
World Archery Youth Championships: Indian pair Priyansh and Avneet Kaur win gold
in junior mixed team compound event in Ireland.
Canada Open Badminton, PV Sindhu and Lakshya Sen enter singles quarterfinal.
July 8, 2023
INDIA
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates infrastructure projects worth 6100 crore rupees at
Hanamkonda, Telangana
Balasore train collision: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) arrests three
officials.
Tamil Nadu issues Guidelines for ‘Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai’ scheme.
Renowned artist Karuvattu Mana Vasudevan Namboothiri popularly known as artist
Namboothiri passed away.
Kerala teen dies of Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as ‘brain-eating amoeba’.
The government is to share data with industry and potential investors about multi-
modal connectivity and other infrastructure captured on the PM Gati Shakti platform.
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) announces One
District One Product Awards.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah presents ‘guarantee Budget’; allocates
₹35,410 crores.
SEBI amends rules to avoid multiple filings by debt issuers.
All GST registered firms must geo-code their addresses: GSTN.
WORLD
‘U.S. to send cluster bombs and armoured vehicles to Ukraine.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) said there was no evidence it was
dominated by Beijing’s ruling Communist Party.
Israel announces investment of USD 11 million for delivery technology, Health and
technology solutions for schools and campus security.
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte’s coalition government collapses.
SPORTS
Wimbledon Tennis: Reigning champion Novak Djokovic beat Stan Wawrinka of
Switzerland.
Indian shuttlers PV Sindhu and Lakshya Sen storm into semi-finals of Canada Open
Badminton tournament.
July 9, 2023
INDIA
A gold stud, a bone point and a carnelian bead have been unearthed by
archaeologists at Porpanaikottai, Tamil Nadu.
Centre has sought an explanation from the West Bengal government for the alleged
diversion of PM POSHAN funds for State elections.
Centre adds more services to Ayushman Bharat health centres (AB-HWCs)
programme.
Railways Ministry announces reduction in fares of AC chair car and executive classes
of all trains.
Department of Fisheries launched the Fisheries Startup Grand Challenge.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL) files papers with SEBI for IPO.
Niti Aayog pitches for reforms and more private sector role in agriculture sector.
India and Tanzania begin trade settlements in local currencies.
India’s forex reserves rise by USD 1.85 billion to USD 595.05 billion: RBI
WORLD
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy hailed Ukraine on the 500th day of Russia’s invasion.
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte’s coalition government collapsed over differences
on how to tackle migration.
Latvia’s former foreign minister becomes EU’s first openly gay head of state.
SPORTS
Gukesh defeats Viswanathan Anand in the eighth round of Rapid event of the 2023
SuperUnited Rapid and Blitz tournament.
Canada Open: Lakshya Sen beats Kenta Nishimoto of Japan to enter final.
International Tennis Federation awarded Justine Henin its highest honour, the
Philippe Chatrier Award.
July 10, 2023

INDIA
Heavy rain disrupts normal life in North India; Over 34 people died in Uttar Pradesh.
EAM S Jaishankar to file nomination for Rajya Sabha from Gandhinagar in Gujarat.
The parliamentary committee, set up to examine proposed amendments to Forest

(Conservation) Act, 1980, endorses the amendment Bill.
Information and Broadcasting Ministry releases a draft of guidelines for exhibition of
public service awareness films issued by the Union government for exhibition in
cinemas.
3rd G-20 Culture Working Group meeting under India’s presidency to begin at Hampi
in Karnataka.
The 37th Hyderabad Sailing Week -2023 and Laser National Championship concludes
at Secunderabad, Telangana.
Education Ministry releases Performance Grading Index for Districts combined
report for 2020-21 and 2021-22.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
National Housing Bank (NHB) operationalises ₹10,000-crore Urban Infrastructure
Development Fund.
PFRDA to revamp pension fund regulations and reduce cost of compliance.
Government allows Enforcement Directorate to share data with GSTN.
WORLD
Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe to visit India, to be the first visit to India
since being appointed President.
New Zealand Prime Minister Hipkins signs ‘ambitious’ trade deal with EU.
Two controversial laws signed by Bosnian Serb President Milorad Dodik entered into
force.
SPORTS
Indian shuttler Lakshya Sen clinches Men’s Singles title of Canada Open Badminton.
Priyansh wins compound men’s under-21 individual title in the World youth archery
championships.
July 11, 2023
INDIA
President of India inaugurates Visitor’s Conference 2023 at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Rajasthan approves a proposal for starting the Teacher Interface for Excellence (TIE)
programme.
Tamil Nadu issues guidelines for implementation of ‘Kalaignar Magalir Urimai
Thittam’ (women’s basic income scheme).
TI Clean Mobility to set up e-tractor factory in Chennai.
ECOMY & CORPORATE
India and Bangladesh start bilateral trade in rupees.
Foxconn withdraws from India’s semiconductor joint venture with Vedanta.
Twitter rival Threads surpasses 100 million users in less than five days.
Net direct tax collections rise 16% to Rs 4.75 crore.
WORLD
NATO country leaders and delegations start gathering in Vilnius, Lithuania for the
alliance’s summit
UN says India registers remarkable reduction in poverty with 41.5 crore people
coming out of it in 15 years.
Myanmar and South China Sea tensions are the top agenda at ASEAN meet In
Indonesia.
Longest-serving Dutch PM Rutte quits politics after 13 years in power.
Solomon Islands and China sign deals on police, economy and technology.
SPORTS
Stefanos Tsitsipas gets out of Wimbledon, losing to unseeded American Christopher
Eubanks.
India suffered a 3-1 loss to Indonesia in the quarterfinals of the Badminton Asia
Junior Championships in Yogyakart.
Athletics Federation of India has been adjudged as the best member federation in
Asia by Asian Athletics Association
July 12, 2023

INDIA
Uttar Pradesh Cabinet approves two thermal power projects of 800 MW each.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) the launch rehearsal of the
Chandrayaan-3 mission.
One more cheetah from Africa dies in Kuno National Park.
Four more Vande Bharat routes to be launched this month.
Supreme Court asks the Centre to clarify stand on Places of Worship Act by October
31.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
28% tax to be imposed on online gaming firms
Supreme Court asks Enforcement Directorate chief to quit, but backs 2021
amendments.
Schedule M to be mandatory for MSME pharma firms in a phased manner.
WORLD
UNDP: 415 million Indians came out of multidimensional poverty in 15 years.
Saudi Arabia has deposited USD 2 billion into Pakistan’s central bank.
First French long-range missiles reach Ukraine; France has already made a delivery
of a number of SCALP long-range cruise missiles to Ukraine.
SPORTS
Ash Gardner has been named the ICC Women’s Player of the Month- the first to win
ICC Player of the Month honour thrice.
Gymnastics: Dipa Karmakar tops all-around competition in Asiad trials.

Praveen Kumar won a bronze in the men’s high jump T64 event in the World Para
athletics championships.
July 13, 2023
INDIA
Countdown begins for launch of Chandrayaan-3, India’s third lunar exploration
mission.
3rd Sherpas G20 meeting to begin in Hampi, Karnataka.
Jammu and Kashmir Rural Livelihoods Mission bags SKOCH Award under “State of
Governance India 2047” in Gold category.
Department of Space is to transfer of technology associated with Small Satellite
Launch Vehicle (SSLV) to eligible Indian industries.
Centre to buy tomatoes from south and west to sell in northern cities.
Ministry of Defence and FSSAI sign MoU to promote use of millets.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grows by 5.2% in May 2023 from 4.2% in April
2022.
Retail inflation, based on Consumer Price Index (CPI), stood at 4.81 percent in June
this year.
GST Council exempts cancer-fighting drugs and medicines for rare diseases from tax.
WORLD
Myanmar and South China Sea tensions are the top agenda at ASEAN meet In
Indonesia.
North Korea fired ballistic missile from Pyongyang area to waters off its east coast.
Pakistan gets final IMF nod for USD 3-billion loan in stand-by arrangement.
NASA celebrates Webb telescope anniversary with new image.
SPORTS
India’s Nishad Kumar clinches silver in Men’s High Jump event at Para Athletics
World Championships.
Wimbledon Tennis: India’s Rohan Bopanna and his Australian partner Matthew
Ebden to play in Men’s Doubles semi-final.
US Open Super 300 badminton tournament: Indian shuttler PV Sindhu defeats her
American opponent Disha Gupta.
July 14, 2023
INDIA
Chandrayaan-3: India’s third moon mission all set to be launched today.
The government has listed the Bill to replace the contentious ordinance on Delhi
services.
European Parliament asks India to act promptly to end Manipur violence.
The National Exit Test (NExT) has been deferred till further notice from the Union
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Centre to supply free Doordarshan DTH connections and facilitate better mobile
connectivity in villages along border areas.
U.S. Senate Committee passes resolution recognising Arunachal Pradesh as integral
part of India.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Google launches ChatGPT rival Bard in European Union, Brazil and several more
nations.
India’s January-June trade with China declines amid slowdown.
Telecom companies oppose international SMS traffic redefinition.
Government curbs gold imports to check rising shipments through Indonesia.
WORLD
Thai leader Pita Limjaroenrat loses vote to become Prime Minister.
U.S.: First over-the-counter birth control pill gets FDA approval.
Nepal bans ‘non-essential’ flights by helicopters after the crash
SPORTS
Indian hurdler Jyothi Yarraji, triple jumper Abdulla Aboobacker and middle-distance
runner Ajay Kumar Saroj won gold medals at the Asian Athletics Championships
2023.
Sumit Antil scripted a world record in F64 javelin throw with a best attempt of 70.83m
at the World Para-Athletics Championship.
International Cricket Council announces equal prize money for men and women.
US Open Super 300 badminton tournament: P V Sindhu and Lakshya Sen win
openers.
July 15, 2023

INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred the Grand Cross of the Legion of
Honour, France’s highest civilian and military honour.
At G-20 meet, India presses for responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
technology.
India’s third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 was successfully launched onboard a
Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM-3) rocket.
India and France set to co-develop combat aircraft engine and engine for the Indian
multi-role helicopter (IMRH).
Himachal flash floods: CM Sukhu seeks ₹2,000 crore interim relief from Centre.
Odisha to build 2,000 meeting halls as part of the Mukhyamantri Sabha Gruha
Scheme in western Odisha.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Twitter announced its revenue sharing programme to allow verified users to earn
revenue from ads posted in replies to users’ posts.
India’s overall exports in June 2023 estimated at 60.09 billion dollars.
Annual rate of inflation based on all India WPI recorded 4.12% down for June 2023
WORLD
Pakistan Prime Minister launches USD 3.5-billion Chinese-designed nuclear project.
Russian President Vladimir Putin agreed to extend the Black Sea grain deal: Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Sixty two of 111 lunar missions in last seven decades were successful: NASA.
SPORTS
Asian Athletics: Tajinderpal Singh Toor wins gold, Parul Chaudhary wins maiden
Asians title; Shaili Singh wins silver.
Ruturaj to lead India men’s cricket team at the 19th Asian Games.
July 16, 2023

INDIA
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi to set up offshore campus in Abu Dhabi.
ISRO performs first orbit-raising manoeuvre of Chandrayaan-3.
Supreme Court (SC) Collegium has recommended permanent judgeships in five High
Courts.
Freedom fighter Sankaraiah to get honorary doctorate by Madurai Kamaraj
University, Tamil Nadu.
Karnataka to begin Gruha Lakshmi scheme on July 19.
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated the state-of-the-art Kalaignar
Centenary Library in Madurai.
A three-year surveillance study in Kolkata finds a new diarrhoea-causing parasite.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India and UAE set to use rupee, dirham for trade; MoU signed between the Reserve
Bank of India and the Central Bank of the UAE.
Textile and apparel exports contracted 11.3% year-on-year (y-o-y) in June.
WORLD
Recent Study reveals that using ChatGPT boosts productivity.
China’s top diplomat Wang Yi calls for clarity on ties between EU and China.
Switzerland, the U.K. and Norway will experience the largest relative surge in cooling
needs if the increase in global mean temperature rises to 2 degree C above pre-
industrial levels.
SPORTS
Lakshya Sen enters into the last-four stage of the U.S. Open Super 300 badminton.
R Ashwin became the second-highest wicket-taker for India behind Anil Kumble (953)
in international cricket.
Marketa Vondrousova defeates Tunisia’s Ons Jabeur to become the first unseeded
player in the professional era to win the Wimbledon women’s singles title.
July 17, 2023

INDIA
Union government has constituted a new panel to review all National Statistical
Office (NSO) data.
Indian and Mongolian troops will take part in the 15th edition of a bilateral military
exercise in Ulaanbaatar.
PSLV-C56 mission is expected to lift off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on July
26.
Indian Commerce Secretary is visiting U.K. for free trade discussions.
Union Minister Amit Shah chairs Regional Conference on Drugs Smuggling &
National Security in New Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India and UAE sign MoU on linking of India’s UPI with Instant Payment Platform of
UAE.
ISRO and BARC join hands to develop nuclear engines for rockets.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announces pilot project in South Asia region
for tax and financial crime investigation under India’s G20 Presidency.
WORLD
Dangerous heatwaves were felt across the world as wildfires rage on July 16.
Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani began an official visit to Syria.
U.K. signs accession protocol for the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for
Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).
SPORTS
Spain’s Carlos Alcaraz defeated seven-time champion Novak Djokovic to claim his
first Wimbledon title.
Keerthana Pandian defeated fellow Indian Anupama Ramachandran in the final to
emerge as the IBSF World under-21 women’s snooker champion.
U.S. Open badminton: Lakshya Sen loses to reigning All England champion Li Shi
Feng of China in the semifinals.
July 18, 2023

INDIA
Union Minister Piyush Goyal launches sale of subsidized Chana Dal at Rs60 per kg
under ‘Bharat Dal’ brand.

NITI Aayog releases Export Preparedness Index 2022 report. Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Gujarat are the top performers.
Former Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy passes away.
Over 1.40 Lakh kg of narcotics worth Rs 2,378 crore destroyed in different parts of
the country
Arunachal Pradesh Tourism Secretary Swapnil Naik launches ‘Yuva Tourism Club’ in
Itanagar.
U.S. hands over 105 antiquities to India following agreement.
ISRO successfully performed the second orbit-raising manoeuvre of Chandrayaan-3.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
More than 20 lakh new employees were enrolled in ESI Scheme in May.
Over 13 crore people lifted out of poverty in 5 years between 2015-16 and 2019-21:
NITI Aayog.
RBI to issue SOP for banks to help expedite rupee trade.
Ashok Leyland bags Rs 800 crore contract from Indian Army.
WORLD
Russia exits UN-brokered deal to export Ukrainian grain via Black Sea.
Pakistan and Iran agree to work together to stop border attacks by militants.
Dubai records 23% rise in visitor arrivals from India
SPORTS
Australia’s state of Victoria not to host 2026 Commonwealth Games due to projected
exceeding expenditures.
Tennis: Spain’s Carlos Alcaraz ended Novak Djokovic’s long reign to win his first
Wimbledon 2023 title and his second Grand Slam title.
India shooter Prithviraj Tondaiman bags Bronze medal at ISSF Shotgun World Cup in
Italy.
July 19, 2023
INDIA
26-party alliance I.N.D.I.A. has been formed to challenge BJP-led NDA in 2024 Lok
Sabha elections.
India reports a record 93% DPT3 immunisation coverage in 2022: WHO.
ISRO: Chandrayaan completes third orbit-raising manoeuvre.
India and France will develop new-gen military equipment: French Envoy.
Chennai Metro inks ₹1,205-crore contract agreement with Tata Projects for stations.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Textiles ministry reopens performance-linked incentive (PLI) scheme portal till
August 31 for man-made fibre (MMF) apparel.
Food price rise shows fight against inflation far from over: RBI.
Targeting 1 million CBDC transactions per day by end 2023: RBI Deputy Governor T
Rabi Sankar.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) retains India’s growth forecast at 6.4% for current
fiscal.
WORLD
DR Congo’s state company signs USD 1.9-billion mining deal with UAE.
The U.K. House of Lords passed the Illegal Migration Bill.
Pakistan gets another USD 600 million loan from China.
UK Inflation rate to 15-month low at 7.9%, Bank of England may hike interest rate.
SPORTS
India’s R. Satwiksairaj set the Guinness World Record for the fastest hit by a male
player in badminton at 565kmph.
ICC Test rankings: Rohit back in top 10 list of batters; Ashwin retains Number 1 spot
in the list of Test bowler.
July 20, 2023

INDIA
Monsoon session of Parliament begins today; 31 bills to be taken up during the
session.
President Droupadi Murmu presents Bhoomi Samman to 9 State Secretaries AND 68
District Collectors.
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates integrated terminal building of Veer Savarkar
International Airport, Port Blair.
Union government is to launch an online repository of books accessible at all
libraries across the country, including the high-profile Libraries and Museums.
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya to inaugurate Global Food Regulators
Summit 2023 in New Delhi.
The President appointed new Chief Justices to four High Courts.
Sixteen people were killed, and eleven others were injured after they were
electrocuted at a Namami Gange project site in Chamoli, Uttarakhand.
President Droupadi Murmu to inaugurate two-day Festival of Libraries 2023 in New
Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Home Minister launches ‘CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal’ for claims by depositors of
cooperative societies of Sahara Group.
Rajasthan introduced ‘The Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill, 2023’ in the
Assembly.
Tata to invest £4 billion for building JLR battery cell gigafactory in U.K.
WORLD
India voiced support for the UN’s efforts in continuing the Black Sea Grain initiative.
India climbs seven points to 80 on Henley Passport Index 2023; Singapore at top
position.
105 trafficked antiquities of India are returning home to India from USA.
Turkey’s Erdogan signs $50 bn in deals during visit to Arab nations.
SPORTS
Women’s Football: FIFA World Cup kicks-off today.
ISSF Junior World C’ships: Harmehar Singh Lally, Sanjana Sood win silver medal in
skeet mixed team event.
Indian Surf Team wins bronze medal at Asian Surfing Championship in Maldives
Badminton: H.S. Prannoy and Priyanshu Rajawat advance to second round of Korea
Open tournament
July 21, 2023

INDIA
Department of Telecommunications (DoT) to conduct Cell Broadcast Alert System
testing to enhance emergency communication during disasters.
DPIIT and state government of Gujarat jointly launch ‘One District One Product’ Wall.
Coal Ministry bags Best Engagement Award for Procurement through GeM Portal.
Rajya Sabha Chairman nominates fifty percent women members to the panel of Vice-
Chairpersons.
Labour & Employment Ministers of G20 Countries to meet in Madhya Pradesh.
NITI Aayog convenes India’s Electric Mobility Enablers under G20 Presidency.
NITI Aayog releases Analytical Tools for managing Climate Change and exploring Net
Zero Pathways.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
MoU signed between Ministry of Culture and Canara Bank to facilitate provision of
financial assistance to Veteran Artists.
First ever ‘Credit Guarantee Scheme for Livestock Sector has been launched.
Centre amends Export Policy of Non-Basmati White Rice to ensure adequate
domestic availability at reasonable prices.
WORLD
Indo-Japan bilateral held for cooperation in the steel sector and decarbonisation
issues.
U.S. plans second summit with Pacific Island leaders in September.
UK elections: Rishi Sunak’s Conservatives suffer big defeats.
Thousands of UK hospital doctors walk out in the pay dispute.
Iraq orders the expulsion of Sweden’s ambassador, after desecration of a copy of the
Quran.
SPORTS
Korea Open Badminton: Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty to play men’s
doubles quarterfinal.
India breaks into top-100 in FIFA ranking for first time since 2018 at rank 99.
India claims bronze medal in Asian surfing championship.
July 22, 2023

INDIA
Health Ministry launches an online portal to facilitate reporting of violations of ban
on e-cigarettes.
CBSE asks schools to use any Indian language as optional medium of instruction, in
addition to the other options.
Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal informed that of 604 judges appointed since 2018
to High Courts, 454 belong to the general category.
Varanasi court orders Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) survey of Gyanvapi
mosque.
National Commission for Women (NCW) was informed of 6 incidents of violence in
Manipur on June 12.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Aviation industry regulator DGCA granted Go First conditional approval to resume
flights.
ONDC starts learning academy for merchants called the ONDC Academy.
Union Minister For Jal Shakti Gajendra Singh Shekhawat released Manual For
Disaster Management Plan.
WORLD
U.K. Conservative Party suffers severe losses in parliamentary byelections.
Saudi Aramco completed its purchase of 10 % stake in China petrochemicals firm.
U.S. President Joe Biden has chosen Admiral Lisa Franchetti to lead the Navy.
SPORTS
Kohli becomes fifth highest run-scorer in international cricket.
Indian team bags rapid fire pistol silver at Junior Worlds Championship in Changwon,
Korea.
Badminton: Satwik-Chirag pair enters semifinals of Korea Open.
July 23, 2023
INDIA
Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik equals Jyoti Basu’s record as the second longest-serving
Chief Minister in India.
Tele MANAS helpline run by government has received two lakh distress calls.
Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated a centralised aviation security control
centre.
Indian Navy decommissioned INS Kirpan and handed over the indigenously built
missile corvette to Vietnam.

Invasion of aquatic weed threatens elephant habitats in Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu Cabinet clears investment proposals worth ₹6,000 crore.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Sri Lanka is considering the possibility of allowing the usage of the Indian rupee for
local transactions.
Go Airlines has received claims worth ₹240 billion ($2.9 billion) from creditors.
WORLD
International Seabed Authority (ISA) member nations aim to ink deep-sea mining
rules by 2025.
North Korea fires ‘several cruise missiles’ into the Yellow Sea between China and the
Korean peninsula.
SPORTS
Esther Vergeer and Rick Draney will be inducted into the International Tennis Hall of
Fame.
Indian compound archers Sarita and Rakesh Kumar bag the country’s first-ever gold
medal in the World Archery Para Championships.
Badminton: R. Satwiksairaj and Chirag Shetty enter Korea Open final.
July 24, 2023

INDIA
Over 13,000 detained in Manipur; more suspects have been identified in May 4 case.
The redeveloped India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) complex, G-20 venue in
Delhi to be inaugurated on July 26.
Gujarat government unveils Semiconductor Policy (2022-2027).
India’s federal cybersecurity agency- CERT-In cautions against ransomware ‘Akira’
attack.
PM Narendra Modi to inaugurate ‘Semicon India 2023’ in Gandhinagar.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
NRIs who invest in India through AIFs set up in Gift City get tax exemption
Foreign investors pump in nearly Rs 44,000 crores into Indian equities so far in July.
PFRDA proposes easing of Points of Presence norms and reduces registration time.
Banks write off bad loans worth Rs 2.09 lakh crore in 2022-23: RBI.
WORLD
19 thousand people evacuate from Greek island of Rhodes after huge wild fires.
Conservative Popular Party wins Spain elections.
Joe Biden will establish a national monument honouring Emmett Till, the Black teen
lynched in Mississippi.
SPORTS
Golf: Shubhankar Sharma finishes tied-eighth, the best by an Indian golfer at the
British Open.
Tennis: Novak Djokovic withdraws from Toronto tournament.
Verstappen delivered his Red Bull team a record-breaking 12th consecutive Formula
One win as he wins Hungarian Grand Prix.
July 25, 2023
INDIA
ISRO to launch PSLV-C56 carrying Singapore’s new imaging satellite.
Rajasthan Assembly passed a Bill extending social security to gig workers and
creating a regulatory framework.
Centre notifies appointment of Chief Justices of Bombay, Andhra High Courts.
Bill introduced in Lok Sabha to add in Chhattisgarh Scheduled Castes list.
Radio collars of six cheetahs at Kuno National Park have been removed.
Every citizen has the right to hold a passport, says Delhi High Court.
First Goods Train carrying essential items operated in the state of Manipur.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Twitter website replaces bird logo with X in a recent rebranding exercise.
SEBI is working to implement instant settlement for market trades next year.
TVS Supply Chain Solutions (TVS SCS) bags ₹2,000-crore deal from U.K.’s Centrica Plc.
WORLD
Bangladesh hands Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus USD 1.1mn tax bill
NSA Ajit Doval meets with his Chinese counterpart on the sidelines of BRICS NSAs’
Meeting in Johannesburg.
UAE Minister for Foreign Trade Dr Thani Al Zeyoudi elected as chair of WTO’s 13th
Ministerial Conference
Israeli parliament passes bill to limit powers of judiciary amid mass protests.
SPORTS
Kamaljeet bagged the individual and team honours in the 50m free pistol event in
the Junior World Championship.
Third seed Karman Kaur Thandi wins ITF women’s tennis tournament at Evansville,
USA.
July 26, 2023
INDIA
Mizoram Chief Minister joins solidarity march in Aizawl for Kuki-Zo people.
ISRO successfully completed the fifth and final orbit-raising manoeuvre of the
Chandrayaan-3 mission.
“Anu Awareness Yatra – 2023” with the theme of ‘Atoms in the service of the nation’
was launched at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam.
Lok Sabha passed the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021; to amend the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) got 5,772 complaints on

overcharging during 2018-19 to 2022-23.
Rajya Sabha passes Bill to expand Scheduled Tribes list from Chhattisgarh.
Lok Sabha passes Multi-State Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Bill, 2023.
5 crore names out of MGNREGS list in 2022-23, says Rural Development Minister
Giriraj Singh.
President of India opens tribal arts gallery at Rashtrapati Bhavan as she finishes one
year in office.
Age limit for Mukhyamantri Ladli Behna Yojana in Madhya Pradesh lowered.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
CBIC detects 9,300 fake GST accounts, ₹11,000 crore Evasion; registrations
suspended for 5,775 firms.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) on Tuesday raised its growth forecast for India to
6.1 %.
WORLD
China removes Qin Gang as Finance Minister and brings back Wang Yi.
Over 700 refugees yet to be repatriated to Myanmar; after they entered Manipur to
escape the ongoing violence in their country.
Thousands of Israeli doctors walked out of work and labour leaders threatened a
general strike.
U.S. first lady Jill Biden attended a flag-raising ceremony at UNESCO in Paris, marking
Washington’s official re-entry into the U.N. agency.
Pedro Sanchez was formally named Spain’s caretaker Prime Minister of an interim
government.
SPORTS
International Cricket Council (ICC) handed a two-match suspension to India women’s
team skipper Harmanpreet Kaur.
Organisers unveil torch design for 2024 Paris Olympics; 2,000 torches are being
produced from recycled steel.
Sports Ministry accords recognition to Handball Association of India (HAI) as the
official body to run the game in the country.
July 27, 2023
INDIA
No-trust motion against Union government was admitted by Lok Sabha Speaker Om
Birla.
Fisheries Survey of India (FSI) surveys reveal good number of dolphins, whales on
the East Coast.
Kerala Cabinet approved the State’s liquor policy for 2023-24.
Centre moves Bill to nominate 2 Kashmiri migrants to Jammu and Kashmir Assembly.
530 districts reported as free of manual scavenging: Social Justice Ministry.
West Bengal government announces a ‘Mangrove cell’, on the occasion of the

International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem.
UGC approved the Guidelines for Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs).
PM Modi inaugurates International Convention Centre-Bharat Mandapam in New
Delhi.
Integration of child helpline with ERSS -112 completed in nine States in first phase.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
U.S. Federal Reserve raises interest rates to highest level since 2001.
Centre proposes to sell up to 5.36% in Rail Vikas Nigam.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurates 3rd edition Summit on ‘Global
Chemicals & Petrochemicals Manufacturing Hubs in India’.
WORLD
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) endorses
banning smartphones in schools.
Britain opens UK-India Young Professional Scheme offering opportunity to live, work
or study in the country for up to two years.
Indian-origin former Minister in Singapore opens presidential bid.
Taiwan holds its first Army drill, as part of Taiwan’s week-long massive wargames-
the annual “Han Kuang” (Han Glory) drills.
Second Edition of Global Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Conclave
conducted at Dubai.
SPORTS
Indian football teams, both men’s and women’s, are set to participate in the
upcoming Asian Games.
Russia and Belarus were omitted from Paris Olympics invitees.
Aditya Samant became India’s 83rd chess Grandmaster.
Japan Open: Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty move to the second round.
July 28, 2023
INDIA
The Supreme Court extended Enforcement Directorate (ED) Director Sanjay Kumar
Mishra’s tenure till September 15.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been asked to take over the probe into the
May 4 violence incident in Manipur.
Resource Efficiency Circular Economy Industry Coalition (RECEIC) was launched on
the sidelines of the 4th G-20 Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group
(ECSWG).
Cinematograph Bill aimed at curbing piracy passed by the Rajya Sabha.
As many as 120 people died in Kerala from heatwaves till June-end, which is the
highest in the country.
Delhi saw the highest number of deaths due to rabies in the country in 2022,
followed by West Bengal.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India set to be third-largest economy by FY28: SBI Research.
The Government sets up a working group to decriminalise legislations for ease of
doing business.
Banks recovered bad loans worth Rs 10.16 trillion in 9 years: Finance Ministry.
Digital payments rise 13% year on year at March-end 2023, shows RBI data
WORLD
Mutinous soldiers claim to have ousted President in Nigeria.
China has granted Pakistan a two-year rollover on a USD 2.4-billion loan.
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned that the era of global warming has
ended and “the era of global boiling has arrived”.
Singapore executes first woman in nearly 20 years after the 45-year-old was caught
with heroin.
SPORTS
Lakshya enters semifinals of Japan Open Super 750 badminton tournament.
Ireland secures a spot in the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup.
July 29, 2023

INDIA
Indian Institutes of Management (Amendment) Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha
which proposes to make the President the Visitor to all IIMs.
The Lok Sabha passed the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill, 2023 and
the National Dental Commission Bill, 2023 without debate.
The death toll from flash floods triggered by rains in Telangana has risen to 14;
several people rescued from flash floods in Andhra Pradesh.
Supreme Court asks Centre and six States to respond to plea on lynchings.
Tamil Nadu: Over 20,000 government college faculty trained under Naan Mudhalvan
scheme.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Government allows Indian companies to list on foreign exchanges through IFSC.
U.S. chipmaker AMD to invest USD 400 million in India: AMD Chief Technology Officer
(CTO).
Micron to create ‘ready-to- ship’ semiconductor chips’ from India’s first
semiconductor plant in Gujarat.
WORLD
A Hong Kong court rejected a government-requested ban on broadcasting or
distributing the protest song Glory to Hong Kong.
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un oversaw a military parade with new attack drones
and nuclear-capable ICBMs.

Former U.S. President Donald Trump faced new charges in a case accusing him of
illegally possessing classified documents.
SPORTS
Papua New Guinea has become the latest team to qualify for the 2024 ICC Men’s T20
World Cup.
Jake Dennis became the first British driver to win the all-electric Formula E world
championship
July 30, 2023

INDIA
ISRO successfully launches 7 Singaporean satellites on board PSLV-C56 rocket from
Sriharikota.
Kerala to roll out scheme to provide financial support to overseas emigrants from
the State.
J&K Lieutenant-Governor Manoj Sinha takes part in Muharram event in Srinagar for
first time.
India’s tiger population increased to 3,682 in 2022, up from 2,967 in 2018; Madhya
Pradesh has most tigers.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi: ‘Meri Mati Mera Desh’ campaign to honour martyred
heroes, will be announced soon.
Ministry of Education and Skill Development and Entrepreneurship signs 106 MoUs
with various organizations and institutions.
Union Minister Amit Shah unveils book ‘Memories Never Die,’ tribute to former
President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman urges Japanese investors to expedite their
plans for investment in the country.
ICRISAT and BARI launch improved groundnut variety- BARI Chinabadam-12 (ICGV
07219).
Meghalaya exports over 1.3 tonnes of Pineapples to the Middle East.
WORLD
Norway and Germany reported the detection of H5N1 virus in mammals.
Indian-American policy expert Nisha Biswal becomes Deputy Chief Executive Officer
of US finance agency.
India and Bhutan review bilateral cooperation and discussed ways to further
strengthen it.
United States unveils a Taiwan weapons aid package worth 345 million US Dollars.
SPORTS
World University Games: India wins gold in mixed team compound archery.
Badminton: Viktor Axelsen and An Se-Young win Japan Open finals.
July 31, 2023

INDIA
ISRO successfully launched the PSLV-C56 carrying Singapore’s DS-SAR and six other
satellites.
Data on Swachhata Abhiyaan, a mobile app of the Social Justice and Empowerment
Ministry, identifies 6,253 cases of manual scavenging in the country.
Maharashtra seeks World Bank’s assistance for upgrading infrastructure and
capacity building.
Power Ministry notifies rules for streamlining accounting, billing and subsidy
payments by States
ADB and Union Government sign USD 200 million loan for expanding urban services
in Rajasthan
IAF choppers drop 600-kg food packets in flood-hit areas in Telangana.
National Moth Week (July 22 and July 28) was observed in the Nilgiris.
13.13 lakh girls and women went missing between 2019 and 2021: Government data.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Over six crore taxpayers had filed their income tax returns (ITRs): IT Department.
India to become middle-income country with GDP of USD 6 trillion by 2030: Report
PFRDA bars intermediaries for annuities business.
India’s per capita income to grow nearly 70% to USD 4,000 by FY30 from USD 2,450 in
FY23.
Foxconn subsidiary inks ₹1,600 crore deal with T.N. to set up electronic components
manufacturing facility.
WORLD
Two Indian military aircraft visit Australia’s strategic Cocos Islands.
African leaders are leaving two days of meetings with Russian President Vladimir
Putin without grain deal.
Central African Republic began voting in a referendum on a new Constitution.
Death toll rises to at least 10 in Thailand warehouse explosion.
SPORTS
Tennis: Iga Swiatek beats Laura Siegemund to win Warsaw Open.
2023 F1 Belgium Grand Prix: Verstappen secures eighth consecutive win.
Indian women beat Spain 3-0 to win Spanish Federation hockey tournament.
July 1, 2023
Tomato Grand Challenge Hackathon
The government’s recent announcement of the Tomato Grand Challenge (TGC) hackathon
has sparked excitement and enthusiasm within the agricultural and innovation sectors.
Led by the Department of Consumer Affairs and in collaboration with the Ministry of
Education (Innovation Cell), the TGC aims to revolutionize the tomato value chain in India.
Purpose of the TGC

The primary objective of the TGC hackathon is to promote innovation and affordability
throughout the tomato value chain. By inviting creative ideas and interventions, the
government aims to ensure the availability of tomatoes at reasonable prices for
consumers and facilitate increased value for tomato farmers.
Participation and Application
Interested participants can take part in the TGC through two distinct tracks. The first track
welcomes students, research scholars, and faculty members, encouraging the young
minds of the country to contribute their ideas. The second track invites industry
individuals, start-ups, MSMEs, LLPs, and professionals with valuable insights and
experience in the field. Applications for the TGC can be submitted through the dedicated
portal.
Focus Areas for Interventions
The TGC emphasizes comprehensive and focused interventions within the tomato value
chain. These interventions include cropping and market insights, identification of
appropriate cultivars for fresh and processing purposes, improvements in shelf-life,
transportation enhancements, innovative packaging, and advanced storage solutions.
Potential Impact and Evaluation
Winning ideas generated through the TGC will undergo rigorous evaluation by experts.
Promising concepts will then be developed into prototypes and implemented on a large
scale, with careful consideration given to usability, scalability, and pricing. This process
ensures that innovative solutions have a practical impact on the tomato value chain.
132nd Edition of Durand Cup
The Durand Cup, known as Asia’s oldest and the world’s third-oldest football tournament,
is set to captivate football enthusiasts once again as the 132nd edition commences on
August 3rd, 2023. Organized by the Indian Armed Forces, this prestigious event embodies
excellence, sportsmanship, and fierce competitiveness.
Flagging off the Trophy Tour
General Manoj Pande, along with Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari and Mr. Kalyan Chaubey,
President of the All India Football Federation (AIFF), ceremoniously flagged off the
“Trophy Tour” of the Durand Cup. This signifies the beginning of a captivating journey
leading up to the highly anticipated tournament.
The Durand Cup’s Rich Legacy
Originating as an Army Cup in 1888, the Durand Cup has emerged as a remarkable event
in the world of football. With its esteemed history, it holds the distinction of being Asia’s
oldest football tournament and the world’s third-oldest. The tournament has witnessed
the evolution of the sport and has been a breeding ground for India’s best footballing
talents.
The Three Coveted Trophies
The winning team in the Durand Cup receives three prestigious trophies. The Durand Cup
itself, a rolling trophy and the original prize, symbolizes the pinnacle of achievement. The
Shimla Trophy, also a rolling trophy, was first presented by the residents of Shimla in 1904,
adding a touch of regional pride. Lastly, the President’s Cup, presented by India’s first
President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, in 1956, is awarded for permanent possession.
Trophy Tour Across India
Prior to the grand event, the three trophies embark on an extensive Trophy Tour,
traversing numerous cities across the country. These include Shimla, Udhampur, Jaipur,
Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Kokrajhar, Guwahati, and Shillong. This tour
serves to build excitement and anticipation among football enthusiasts nationwide.
Foreign Teams and Participants
The 132nd edition of the Durand Cup promises to be truly international, with the
participation of foreign teams from Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. This marks a
significant return of foreign teams after a gap of 27 years, adding a new level of
competition and fostering regional collaborations.
Tejas Mk-1 Completes 7 Years of Service
The Tejas Mk-1, India’s indigenously developed fighter aircraft, has marked a significant
milestone as it completes seven years of service with the Indian Air Force (IAF). Since its
induction in 2016, the Tejas Mk-1 has showcased its capabilities in various missions,
reflecting India’s prowess in the aviation industry.
Origins and Maiden Flight
The Tejas program was initiated in the early 1980s, with the aim of replacing the Mig-21
fighters. Years of research and development culminated in January 2001 when the first
prototype of Tejas took its maiden flight. This momentous event laid the foundation for a
homegrown marvel in the aviation domain.
Induction and Squadrons
In 2016, the Indian Air Force officially inducted the Tejas Mk-1, with the No. 45 squadron
‘Flying Daggers’ becoming the first squadron to operate this indigenous fighter aircraft.
Since then, the Tejas Mk-1 has been tirelessly serving the nation’s defense needs,
accumulating over 4,000 hours of incident-free flying.
Versatility in Missions
The Tejas Mk-1 boasts an impressive array of capabilities, making it a versatile multirole
aircraft. It excels in air-defense, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), air-
interdiction, as well as maritime strike and reconnaissance missions. This versatility
ensures its effectiveness in safeguarding India’s airspace and providing strategic support.
Advanced Features of the Tejas Mk-1A
The upcoming Tejas Mk-1A variant showcases numerous advancements that further
enhance its capabilities. Equipped with an active electronically-scanned array radar, the
aircraft can detect enemy aircraft at greater ranges while resisting jamming attempts.
Additionally, the Tejas Mk-1A features an advanced self-protection jamming suite, a digital
flying control computer, and faster turnaround times for increased operational efficiency.
Forty Major Improvements
Compared to the Tejas Mk-1, the Tejas Mk-1A incorporates 40 major improvements that
elevate its performance and functionality. These enhancements contribute to its overall
effectiveness on the battlefield, demonstrating India’s commitment to continuously
enhance its indigenous defense capabilities.
IAF’s Order and Future Prospects
The Indian Air Force has placed an order for 83 Tejas Mk-1A aircraft from Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited (HAL), reflecting the confidence in this homegrown fighter jet. This
significant order worth Rs 48,000 crore signifies the IAF’s commitment to indigenous
defense production and paves the way for further advancements in the Indian aviation
industry.
July 4, 2023
Akshar River Cruise
Ahmedabad, the vibrant city in Gujarat, India, has recently unveiled its newest pride, the
Akshar River Cruise. This remarkable venture, developed collaboratively by the
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) and the Sabarmati Riverfront Development
Corporation Limited, stands as a testament to India’s Make in India initiative.
A Marvel Within Reach
Built at a cost of Rs 15 crore, the Akshar River Cruise showcases impeccable craftsmanship
and attention to detail. This masterpiece is designed to comfortably accommodate up to
165 passengers, ensuring an unforgettable experience for all who embark on this
journey.
Exploring the Scenic Riverfront
The cruise voyage along the Sabarmati Riverfront offers an enchanting experience that
lasts approximately one-and-a-half hours. Passengers are treated to breathtaking views,
serene surroundings, and glimpses of architectural wonders that line the riverbanks.
Sabarmati Riverfront Project
The Sabarmati Riverfront project was conceptualized by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
During his tenure as the Chief Minister of Gujarat, he envisaged this initiative with the aim
of transforming the Sabarmati River into a thriving hub of cultural and tourist activities.
Ahmedabad’s Thriving Tourism Hub
The Sabarmati Riverfront has transformed Ahmedabad into a major center of tourism.
This iconic destination has gained popularity not only among locals but also attracts
visitors from all over India and the world. The riverfront encapsulates the rich cultural
heritage and vibrant atmosphere of Ahmedabad.
Ensuring Passenger Safety
Passenger safety remains paramount on the Akshar River Cruise. Equipped with 180 life
safety jackets, the cruise prioritizes the well-being of its passengers. Additionally, fire
safety measures and an emergency rescue boat are available on board, ensuring a secure
and enjoyable voyage.
A Testament to Make in India
The development of the Akshar River Cruise aligns with the Make in India initiative,
promoting domestic manufacturing and fostering innovation within the country. This
cruise exemplifies the prowess of Indian craftsmanship and technological capabilities.
Dark Patterns
In the world of digital interfaces, the term “dark patterns” has gained significant
attention. Coined by Harry Brignull, a renowned user experience designer, dark patterns
refer to deceptive tactics employed by websites and apps to manipulate user behavior.
Understanding Dark Patterns
Dark patterns are user interface design choices deliberately created to mislead or trick
users into making decisions they may not have intended to make. They exploit
psychological biases and play on users’ emotions to achieve the desired outcome. An
example of a dark pattern is encountered when users struggle to close annoying
advertisements due to the intentionally small ‘X’ mark.
Exploring Manipulative Techniques
Confirm shaming is a dark pattern that employs guilt to pressure users into conforming to
a particular belief or viewpoint. Subscription traps make it easy for users to sign up for a
service but deliberately difficult to cancel or quit. These patterns exploit users’ inertia and
reluctance to go through complicated processes.
Legislation to Combat Dark Patterns
To protect consumers from the manipulative effects of dark patterns, several countries
have implemented regulations. The United States and the United Kingdom have passed
legislation to curb dark pattern practices. California, for instance, banned dark patterns
that hinder consumers from exercising their data privacy rights. In the UK, guidelines
were issued to prohibit companies from using “nudges” to influence underage users’
privacy settings.
Notable Actions and Fines
Companies engaging in dark patterns have faced legal consequences. Trivago, a part of
the US-based online travel firm Expedia Group, was fined AUD44.7 million by an Australian
court for falsely presenting hotel rooms as the cheapest available. Such actions
demonstrate the increasing scrutiny of authorities towards companies using deceptive
tactics.
Deep Sea Mining
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) plays a crucial role in regulating deep sea mining
and safeguarding marine ecosystems. As interest in mining the ocean floor grows,
concerns are being raised about the potential impacts on fragile habitats and biodiversity.
Regulating the Ocean Floor

The International Seabed Authority is tasked with the responsibility of overseeing mining
activities on the world’s ocean floor. Its primary role is to establish regulations that
balance the exploitation of resources with the protection of marine environments and the
interests of humanity.
Materials of Interest
Deep sea deposits hold valuable resources, including nickel, rare earths, cobalt, and more.
These materials are vital for renewable energy technologies, everyday technology like
cellphones and computers, and the green energy transition.
Current Regulatory Landscape
Countries retain authority over their maritime territories, while the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Seas governs the high seas and international ocean floor.
This framework emphasizes the “common heritage of mankind” and the need to manage
mineral resources in a way that supports marine scientific research, protects the
environment, and shares economic benefits.
Pressure to Establish Regulations
The ISA faces mounting pressure to establish comprehensive regulations due to an
application for deep sea mining. A clause triggered by this application requires the
completion of regulations by July 2023. Failure to finalize these regulations may lead to
individual countries conducting mining activities without appropriate governing rules.
Environmental Concerns
Deep sea mining raises significant environmental concerns. Mining activities can cause
damage to marine ecosystems, including noise pollution, chemical leaks, and sediment
plumes. These activities can disrupt delicate habitats and harm marine life, raising
concerns about irreversible biodiversity loss.
Stance of Companies and Countries
Companies such as Google, Samsung, BMW, and others have pledged to avoid using
minerals mined from the ocean. They support the World Wildlife Fund’s call to prioritize
sustainable sourcing. Additionally, several countries, including France, Germany, and
certain Pacific Island nations, have officially called for a ban or moratorium on deep sea
mining until robust environmental safeguards are in place. In contrast, Norway is
considering opening its waters to mining, reflecting divergent opinions on this issue.
Horizontal Reservations for Transgender Persons
The issue of providing additional reservations for transgender persons in education and
public employment has come under scrutiny in the Bombay High Court. The Maharashtra
government has responded that it would be challenging to implement additional
reservations due to the existing reservation system for various communities in India.
Understanding Vertical and Horizontal Reservations
Vertical reservations target social asymmetry and backwardness based on caste hierarchy,
benefiting Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. On the other
hand, horizontal reservations cut across all vertical groups to ensure affirmative measures
for disadvantaged groups within categories, such as disabled persons.
The Right to Reservation for Transgender Persons
The Supreme Court ruling in the NALSA case recognized transgender persons as a socially
and educationally backward class, affirming their right to reservation. However, the ruling
did not specify the nature of reservations, whether vertical or horizontal.

Demand for Horizontal Reservation
Transgender persons have been advocating for horizontal reservation, emphasizing the
need for provisions that address their marginalized status and ensure equal opportunities
in education and employment. They argue that existing reservations based solely on caste
or tribal identity may limit their options.
Implementation Status and Legal Proceedings
The Central government has not provided specific direction regarding the implementation
of reservations for transgender persons. However, Karnataka has emerged as a pioneer
by offering one percent horizontal reservation to transgender persons in 2021.
Transgender individuals have filed petitions in courts such as the Delhi HC, Madras HC,
and Rajasthan HC, seeking horizontal reservation in education and employment.
$3 Billion Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) between Pakistan and IMF
The Pakistan government has reached a staff-level agreement with the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) for a funding of $3 billion. The agreement is part of a nine-month
stand-by arrangement (SBA) between the two parties. Pakistan was previously part of a
$6.5 billion IMF bailout under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), which expired at the end of
June this year.
Understanding the Staff-Level Agreement
A staff-level agreement is a preliminary agreement between the IMF staff and the
government of Pakistan. It serves as the basis for seeking approval from the IMF’s
executive board. Nathan Porter, the IMF mission chief to Pakistan, announced the
agreement, stating that it builds on the country’s previous efforts under the 2019 EFF-
supported program. The agreement is subject to approval by the IMF’s executive board,
which is expected to consider the request by mid-July.
Reasons for Pakistan’s Economic Crisis
Pakistan’s economy has been facing various challenges, including external shocks such as
catastrophic floods in 2022 and a spike in international commodity prices due to Russia’s
war in Ukraine. The nation’s inflation rate reached a reported record-high of 38 percent in
May, according to the State Bank of Pakistan. Additionally, the devaluation of the Pakistani
rupee, which fell to 285.99 against the US dollar on June 27, has added further pressure to
the economy, particularly due to Pakistan’s heavy imports of crude oil and petroleum
products.
Debt Burden and Financial Situation
According to a report by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Pakistan held an
external debt burden of $126.3 billion in December 2022. The debt is primarily owed by
the government of Pakistan to various creditors, including multilateral institutions such as
the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the IMF. The recent staff-level
agreement with the IMF will contribute to strengthening Pakistan’s foreign exchange
reserves and achieving economic stability.
Regional Symposium on Child Protection, Safety and Child Welfare

The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Government of India, recently
organized a one-day Regional Symposium on Child Protection, Safety, and Child Welfare.
The symposium aimed to raise awareness and outreach about child protection, safety, and
welfare issues.
Participation of Nine States and UTs
The symposium witnessed the participation of nine states and union territories (UTs).
Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh,
Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh were among the states and UTs that actively took part in
the event.
Launch of Online Training Module on the Juvenile Justice Act
The MWCD, in collaboration with LBSNAA, Mussoorie, inaugurated and launched an online
Training Module on the Juvenile Justice Act. This module, available on the Karmayogi Igot
platform, aims to sensitize and build the capacity of all stakeholders involved in child
safety, protection, and welfare. It will serve as a vital resource for enhancing their
understanding of the provisions concerning child safety.
Focus on “Mission Vatsalya” and Increased Support
“Mission Vatsalya” aims to provide a security net and service delivery structure to children
in difficult circumstances. Under this initiative, the MWCD has increased the monthly
support for non-institutional childcare from Rs 2000 to Rs 4000 per month, ensuring better
care and support for vulnerable children.
Fast Track Special Courts for Child Protection
The symposium highlighted the establishment of 1023 Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs) to
protect children from offenses of sexual assault and harassment. Among them, 389
Exclusive POCSO Courts have been set up to ensure expeditious trial and disposal of cases
related to rape and the POCSO Act, 2012. These specialized courts play a crucial role in
delivering justice and safeguarding the rights of children.
NIMHANS’ Role in Providing Mental Health Support
NIMHANS, the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, has been actively
involved in providing psycho-social care and mental health interventions for children in
distress. Their contribution is instrumental in addressing the psychological well-being of
children and offering the necessary support they require.
Burden of Disease Attributable to Unsafe Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2019 Update
A new report, titled “Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation
and hygiene: 2019 update” was released recently by the WHO. It sheds light on the
alarming number of deaths and the lack of access to basic WASH services worldwide.
WASH-Related Child Mortality
Unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene practices are responsible for a devastating
toll, causing approximately 395,000 deaths among children under five years of age. The
two leading infectious causes of death in this vulnerable age group are diarrhoea and
acute respiratory infections.
Global Water and Sanitation Disparities
A staggering 771 million people worldwide lack access to safe water, while 1.7 billion
people lack access to adequate sanitation facilities. These disparities contribute to the
substantial health burden faced by communities worldwide.
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases (STH)
An estimated 1.5 billion people, constituting 24% of the global population, are affected by
soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). These diseases, transmitted through poor sanitation
practices, disproportionately impact low- and lower-middle-income countries.
Undernutrition and Unsafe WASH
Unsafe WASH conditions contribute to undernutrition, with 10% of the burden among
children under five being attributed to these factors. This represents a total of 8,000
deaths and 825,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) within this age group.
Regional Disparities
Most WASH-attributable deaths were reported in the WHO African and South-East Asia
regions. In LMICs, over 505,000 deaths in 2019 were attributable to unsafe drinking water,
and in the Americas region, diarrheal diseases claimed the lives of 33,200 people.
Progress and Challenges
Despite the challenges, several countries have made progress in improving WASH access.
For example, Jordan saw an 11 percentage point increase in coverage for drinking-water
services from 2015 to 2020. However, substantial efforts are still required to address the
global disparities.
India’s First Pig Schools
Pigs are taking the spotlight in Assam’s Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) as the Bodoland
Territorial Council (BTC) plans to establish India’s first pig schools. This groundbreaking
initiative aims to boost the region’s economy and enhance pig farming practices. The BTC
has partnered with the Danish Consortium of Academic Craftmanship (DCAC) and Dalum
Landbrugsskole, an academy of agricultural business, to implement this transformative
project.
Focusing on Local Conditions and Biosecurity
The BTC authorities recognize the importance of tailoring the courses to suit local
conditions and incorporating traditional knowledge about pig-rearing. Furthermore, given
the outbreak of African swine fever in Assam and the northeast, the training courses
emphasize biosecurity measures. Experts in animal husbandry and piggery are designing
shorter courses to equip local farmers with technical know-how and knowledge about
biosecurity practices.
Learning from Danish Expertise
To kickstart the initiative, a team from BTC visited Denmark to study the Danish model,
and the DCAC team reciprocated by visiting BTR to assess the feasibility of pig schools. As
part of the collaboration, 50 farmers will be sent to Denmark to learn various aspects of
piggery, including rearing and pork product manufacturing. This exchange of knowledge
and expertise will enable the farmers to implement best practices in their pig farming
endeavors.
Bodoland Pig Mission: Unlocking Market Potential
The Bodoland Pig Mission, launched less than a year ago, aims to leverage the vast
markets in the northeast and neighboring Bhutan. Assam boasts the highest population
of pigs in India, making it an ideal location for expanding the piggery industry.
Establishing the pig schools is a crucial component of the mission, as it focuses on
training, technology demonstration, and skilling based on the Folk School concept.
Meeting the Demand and Going Commercial
The demand for pork in the northeast region is significant, with an annual requirement of
3 lakh metric tonnes. Currently, the region produces less than 1 lakh metric tonnes,
leaving a substantial gap to be filled. The pig schools aim to address this shortfall by
transforming pig farming from backyard operations to scientific and commercial farming.
The BTC’s long-term goal is to position Bodoland as the hub of piggery in the country.
Investing in the Pig Schools and Biosecurity
To ensure the success of the mission, the BTC authorities have allocated ₹17 crore to
equip pig farmers with biosecurity kits, disinfectants, spray machines, and boots. These
investments will contribute to maintaining the health and safety of the pigs and farmers
alike. By prioritizing biosecurity and providing necessary resources, the BTC’s flagship
mission is on track to achieve sustainable growth.
Tamper-proof Signalling System
The Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, is making significant strides in ensuring
the safety and efficiency of train operations for the Indian Railways. By leveraging the
power of blockchain technology, researchers from the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (EEE) stream are developing a tamper-proof signalling system.
Enhancing Safety and Security with Blockchain
The tamper-proof signalling system being developed by IIT Kharagpur is based on
blockchain technology. Blockchain is a decentralized system that ensures the integrity,
security, and immutability of recorded information. This technology, widely known for its
use in cryptocurrency and banking transactions, is capable of recording information that
cannot be tampered with, hacked, or manipulated.
Differentiating from the Data Logger
The existing Data Logger, often referred to as the ‘Black Box’ of rolling stock, has
limitations in terms of centralization, data integrity, and limited access control. The new
tamper-proof signalling system aims to address these limitations by providing enhanced
data integrity, transparency, and security. By utilizing blockchain’s distributed ledger,
cryptography, and smart contracts, the system enables secure data sharing among
stakeholders and creates tamper-evident audit trails.
Benefits and Significance
The proposed blockchain-enabled signalling system offers several notable benefits. It
enhances accountability, ensuring that all events occurring in trains and control rooms are
securely recorded without the possibility of tampering or bypassing. Moreover, the system
increases safety by providing a mechanism for robust communication, control, and

monitoring of train operations. The efficiency of the Indian Railways is expected to be
boosted through automated processes facilitated by smart contracts.
Context of the Project
The request for the proposal came in the wake of a tragic train accident at Bahanaga
Bazar railway station in the Kharagpur Division of South Eastern Railway on June 2, 2023.
The tragic event resulted in the loss of 291 passengers’ lives and caused injuries to more
than 900 individuals. This incident highlights the crucial need for improved safety
measures in train operations.
INS Kirpan
In a historic move, India has embarked on a significant journey by gifting its in-service
missile corvette, INS Kirpan, to Vietnam. This marks the first time that India has bestowed
a fully operational corvette upon a ‘Friendly Foreign Country.’ The transfer of INS Kirpan
aligns with India’s visions of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (the world is one family) and
‘Security and Growth for all in the Region (SAGAR).’
A Symbol of Friendship and Strength
The gifting of INS Kirpan carries immense significance. As India’s first fully operational
corvette gifted to another country, it represents a testament to the strong friendship and
trust between India and Vietnam. This gesture strengthens the Comprehensive Strategic
Partnership established in September 2016 and fosters closer defense ties between the
two nations.
INS Kirpan: A Khukri Class Missile Corvette
INS Kirpan is a formidable missile corvette belonging to the indigenously built Khukri
class. Currently serving in the Indian Navy, this vessel is equipped with advanced weapons
and sensors. Its participation in various operational and humanitarian assistance missions
exemplifies its capabilities and reliability.
A Farewell and Transfer
The Eastern Naval Command (ENC) bid a ceremonial farewell to INS Kirpan at the Naval
Dockyard. After its arrival, INS Kirpan will be received by the Vietnam People’s Navy,
further strengthening naval capabilities and cooperation in the region.
Towards a Visionary Defense Partnership
The joint vision statement signed by the Defence Ministers of India and Vietnam in June
2022, titled ‘Joint Vision Statement on India – Vietnam Defence Partnership towards 2030,’
reflects the shared commitment to deepening defense collaboration and setting strategic
goals for future cooperation. The gifting of INS Kirpan aligns with this vision and enhances
the defense capabilities of Vietnam.
Santa Fe Frog
Argentinian scientists have embarked on a crucial mission to study and protect the elusive
Santa Fe frog, known for its striking “leopard-print” appearance. This unique amphibian is
found in the regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. However, its existence is
threatened by habitat loss caused by deforestation in the Dry Chaco. By delving into the
reproduction and behavior of the Santa Fe frog, scientists aim to contribute to its
conservation.
Exploring Reproduction
The primary focus of the Argentinian scientists’ research is to unravel the mysteries of
Santa Fe frog reproduction. These scientists have tracked down the frog in the depths of
caves, where it seeks refuge. The male frogs emerge at nightfall and entice interested
females by hopping back down into their burrows. This unique mating behavior sets the
Santa Fe frog apart from other frog species.
Discovering Eggs and Tadpoles
During their extensive study, scientists made a groundbreaking discovery. For the first
time, they were able to locate eggs and tadpoles of the Santa Fe frog. This finding offers
valuable insights into the life cycle of this little-known species. It underscores the
importance of protecting the frog’s habitat in the Dry Chaco.
Conservation Efforts and Collaboration
Recognizing the significance of safeguarding the Santa Fe frog, the scientists have
extended their efforts beyond research. Led by Isis Ibañez, they collaborate closely with
local community leaders, hunters, and farmers to gain a better understanding of the frog
and implement effective conservation measures. This collaboration allows for a
comprehensive approach that integrates scientific knowledge and local expertise.
The Need to Protect the Santa Fe Frog
The Santa Fe frog serves as a poignant symbol of the urgent need to defend the
remaining forests in the Dry Chaco. As deforestation rates continue to escalate, the
unique habitat that supports this extraordinary amphibian is being rapidly depleted. By
protecting the Santa Fe frog, we safeguard the delicate balance of biodiversity within the
region.
Solar Radiation Management
The United States is considering a controversial tool called Solar Radiation Management
(SRM) to address global warming. In a recent White House report, various activities were
proposed to implement SRM, including injecting aerosols and brightening marine clouds
to reflect sunlight into space. While the concept of SRM has gained interest, scientists have
raised concerns about the environmental, social, and geopolitical risks associated with its
deployment. To ensure responsible research and decision-making, a research governance
framework for solar geoengineering research is expected to be established.
Understanding SRM and Research Governance
SRM involves reflecting a small fraction of sunlight back into space as a means to
counteract global warming. The proposed research governance framework aims to
provide guidance on transparency, engagement, and risk management for publicly
funded solar geoengineering research. This framework will contribute to informed
decision-making and responsible practices in this emerging field.
Biden Administration’s Stance and Scientific Dimensions
The Biden administration maintains its primary focus on reducing emissions, increasing
resilience, advancing environmental justice, and achieving energy security. However, the
administration recognizes the growing interest and investment in SRM research. Scientific
dimensions of SRM involve ground-based, airborne, and space-based observations,
improving global modeling, and enhancing understanding of the physical processes and
outcomes associated with SRM.
Socio-economic Factors and Potential Risks
Assessing the socio-economic benefits and risks of SRM relative to climate change is a
crucial aspect of evaluating this tool. In addition, cultural, moral, and ethical
considerations are essential but often overlooked in model-based evaluations. The report
highlights several potential risks of SRM, such as changes in precipitation patterns,
stratospheric temperatures, ozone amounts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification,
productivity, terrestrial vegetation, coral reefs, biodiversity, crop production, and
ecosystems.
Collaboration and Key Contributors
The development of the White House report involved close collaboration with the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other key US federal agencies. This
collaboration ensures that expertise from various sectors is incorporated into the research
and decision-making processes.
Bharat 6G Alliance
The Telecom sector is a dynamic and rapidly evolving industry with continuous
technological advancements. To spearhead the development of indigenous technology
and take the lead in 6G technology, the Bharat 6G Alliance (B6GA) has emerged as a
crucial collaborative platform.
Focus on Indigenous Technology and 6G Leadership
The primary objective of the Bharat 6G Alliance is to foster the development of indigenous
technology and secure a prominent position in the realm of 6G technology. By bringing
together public and private companies, academia, research institutions, and standards
development organizations, the alliance aims to drive innovation and propel India’s
growth in this futuristic field.
A Collaborative Platform for Advancement
The Bharat 6G Alliance website serves as a collaborative platform, facilitating knowledge
exchange and synergy among stakeholders. It fosters partnerships and collaborations
with global 6G alliances, promoting international collaboration and sharing of expertise.
Grants and Initiatives Supporting Innovation
Under the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF), a significant grant of 240.51
crores has been provided to advance research and development in the telecom sector.
This funding plays a pivotal role in promoting innovation and indigenous technological
solutions.
Innovative Consortia Projects
The 6G THz Testbed project involves the collaboration of SAMEER, IIT Madras, IIT
Guwahati, and IIT Patna. Together, these esteemed institutions are working on the
development of a testbed that integrates orbital angular momentum and multiplexing,

paving the way for cutting-edge advancements.
The Advance Optical Communication Test Bed consortium comprises prominent
organizations such as IIT Madras, IIT Delhi, Indraprastha Institute of Information
Technology (IIIT) Delhi, Signalchip Innovations, Signaltron Systems Pvt Ltd, Sasmos het
Technologies Ltd, SFO Technologies Pvt. Ltd, ERNET India, Quanfluence Private Ltd, Sterlite
Technologies Limited, Nav tech, and Tejas network. This consortium is dedicated to
advancing optical communication technology.
Empowering Startups and Recognizing Innovators
Through the Digital Communication Innovation Square (DCIS), the government has
granted 48 crores to support the growth of 66 startups and MSMEs in the telecom sector.
This initiative nurtures innovation and fosters a thriving ecosystem for entrepreneurial
endeavors.
In recognition of outstanding contributions to the field, the Department of
Telecommunications felicitated 75 innovators. Their remarkable achievements
demonstrate the talent and dedication present in the Indian telecom industry.
India’s Impressive Telecom Landscape
India currently boasts a remarkable 4G footprint, covering 99% of the nation.
Furthermore, over 2.7 lakh 5G towers have been installed, positioning India among the
top three 5G ecosystems globally. This extensive infrastructure demonstrates the
country’s commitment to embracing advanced telecommunications technology.
Pioneering 6G Research and Development
With over 200 patents filed in 6G technology, India showcases its prowess in pioneering
research and development. This signifies the country’s commitment to remaining at the
forefront of technological advancements and shaping the future of telecommunications.
Joint Ocean Expedition Aboard 'Sagar Nidhi'
A collaborative initiative among nations in the Indian Ocean Region, known as the
Colombo Security Conclave (CSC), has brought together scientists from Bangladesh and
Mauritius for a joint ocean expedition. Embarking on the research vessel ‘Sagar Nidhi’,
these scientists have embarked on a voyage to conduct research and exploration in the
vast oceanic expanse. The cruise is being conducted by the Indian National Centre for
Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. This expedition
is a direct outcome of the maiden CSC Oceanographers and Hydrographers conference
held in Goa and Hyderabad in November 2022.
Undertaking Research for Ocean Data and Management
During this collaborative venture, the participating scientists will focus on researching
ocean data to predict and manage changes in the marine environment and ocean
parameters. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the oceans and
their ecosystems, enabling effective management and conservation efforts. By studying
ocean data, scientists can gain insights into the impacts of climate change, pollution, and
other factors affecting marine life.
Training Provided by Narcotics Control Bureau
In parallel to the ocean expedition, the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) is conducting a
five-day training program for the countries involved in the Colombo Security Conclave. Sri
Lanka, Maldives, and other participating nations are partaking in this initiative alongside
India. The training focuses on key areas such as maritime drug trafficking, narco-
terrorism, financial investigations, and darknet and cryptocurrency investigations.
Through this program, the NCB aims to enhance the capabilities of the participating
countries in combating illicit activities and promoting regional security.
eSARAS Mobile App
In a significant move towards empowering rural artisans and promoting authentic
handicrafts and handlooms, the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana, a part of the National Rural
Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), has recently launched a mobile app called eSARAS. This
innovative app aims to provide better marketing support and e-commerce opportunities
for products made by women in self-help groups (SHGs).
Responsibilities of the Fulfillment Center
The eSARAS Fulfillment Centre plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth functioning of
the e-commerce platform. It handles various responsibilities, including processing,
packaging, and shipping of products purchased through the eSARAS Portal and mobile
app. This center acts as a reliable intermediary, ensuring that customers receive their
purchases promptly and in excellent condition.
Marketing Initiatives by DAY-NRLM
DAY-NRLM adopts a multifaceted approach to marketing initiatives. Besides the eSARAS
app and portal, which serve as online platforms, the program also organizes physical
events such as SARAS Melas and Saras Food Festivals. These events provide artisans with
opportunities to showcase their skills and interact directly with potential customers.
Cross-Promotion for Maximum Reach
To maximize the reach and impact of their marketing initiatives, DAY-NRLM employs both
online and offline cross-promotion strategies. This means that the marketing campaigns,
events, and the eSARAS mobile app are promoted through various online platforms,
including social media, websites, and digital advertisements. Simultaneously, offline
platforms such as print media, local community gatherings, and exhibitions are leveraged
to create awareness and drive participation.
‘Trade in Services for Development’ Report
India has witnessed a remarkable growth in its share of global commercial services
exports over the years. As a testament to its economic progress, the World Bank and
World Trade Organization (WTO) released a report titled ‘Trade in services for
development,’ shedding light on India’s expanding role in the global services sector.
India’s Share of Global Commercial Services Exports
In 2005, India’s share of global commercial services exports stood at 2%. However, by
2022, this figure had doubled to 4.4%. This remarkable growth indicates India’s increasing
participation and competitiveness in the international services market.
Leading Services Exporters and Importers
The report identifies four economies as leading services exporters and importers: China,
Hong Kong (China), Singapore, and India. These nations have demonstrated their prowess
in service-oriented industries, contributing significantly to global trade.
Cross-Border Services and Job Opportunities
In India, South Africa, and Türkiye, cross-border services exports have played a crucial role
in job creation. More than 10% of total services sector jobs in these countries are directly
linked to cross-border services exports. This highlights the importance of international
trade in driving employment opportunities and economic growth.
Medical Tourism in India
India has emerged as a popular destination for medical travel, attracting foreign patients
from various countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. Seeking
affordable yet high-quality treatment, patients from developed and developing nations
alike opt for India’s healthcare services.
Services Value-Added and Exports
Services value-added accounted for over 51% of India’s total exports in 2018. This
emphasizes the significance of the services sector in contributing to India’s overall
economic growth. The report suggests that investments in research and development
(R&D) are crucial for India to remain competitive and progress up the value chain.
The Digital Transformation
The advent of information and communications technologies (ICT) has revolutionized the
services sector. Between 2005 and 2022, global commercial services exports nearly tripled,
with digitally delivered services experiencing a four-fold increase. In 2022, digitally
delivered services exports were valued at a staggering $3.82 trillion, constituting 54% of
total global services exports.
Trade in Intermediate Services
The report highlights the value of trade in intermediate services, which are inputs in the
production of other goods and services. This segment accounts for an impressive $3.95
trillion, more than double the worth of final services exports. The significance of
intermediate services underscores their crucial role in global value chains and economic
integration.
July 5, 2023
Mo Jungle Jami Yojana
The Odisha government has recently introduced a groundbreaking scheme named Mo
Jungle Jami Yojana, aimed at bolstering forest rights among tribal communities and forest
dwellers across the state. With this initiative, Odisha is set to become the first state in
India to recognize both individual and community forest rights. The Mo Jungle Jami Yojana
scheme operates in conjunction with the 2006 Recognition of Forest Rights Act (FRA),
which focuses on acknowledging the rights of scheduled tribes and other traditional
forest dwellers.
Empowering Forest Communities
Mo Jungle Jami Yojana focuses on bridging gaps and addressing critical issues that were
previously untargeted under the central scheme (FRA) during the past 15 years. The
scheme is expected to provide significant benefits and recognition to the forest
communities of Odisha.
Key Statistics
Odisha boasts an impressive number of 32,562 villages with potential for FRA recognition.
The state is home to a diverse range of 62 tribes, out of which 13 tribes are officially
recognized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). With an estimated tribal
population of 9,590,756, constituting 22.85% of the state’s overall population, the
significance of empowering these communities cannot be overstated.
Objectives and Benefits
Mo Jungle Jami Yojana aims to ensure livelihood and food security for Scheduled Tribes
and forest dwelling populations. Eligible claimants, especially single women and PVTGs,
will receive land titles, enabling them to gain ownership of land and access forest
resources as per their entitlement. The scheme also aims to integrate these communities
into mainstream development programs initiated by the government.
Allocation and Implementation
The Odisha government has allocated Rs 26 crore for the implementation of Mo Jungle
Jami Yojana during the 2023-24 finance budget. The scheme will be entirely funded by the
state government, showcasing its commitment to the welfare and empowerment of forest
communities. To ensure smooth functioning, Forest Rights Cells will be established across
districts for periodic assessment, monitoring, and review of the scheme.
One Health Priority Research Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance
The release of the One Health Priority Research Agenda on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
by key organizations, including FAO, UNEP, WHO, and WOAH, signifies a significant step
towards addressing the critical issue of AMR. This collaborative effort aims to optimize the
health of people, animals, and ecosystems through a comprehensive approach known as
One Health.
The Global Research Agenda for AMR
On June 22, 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a global research
agenda for AMR in human health. This comprehensive agenda prioritizes 40 research
topics, providing a roadmap for generating evidence to inform policies and interventions
by 2030. By focusing on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this agenda aims to
reduce the burden of AMR on a global scale.
Cross-Cutting Themes
The One Health Priority Research Agenda identifies three crucial cross-cutting themes:
gender, vulnerable populations, and sustainability. Recognizing the interconnectedness of
these factors with AMR, the agenda emphasizes the need for research that addresses
these themes comprehensively.
Pillars of the Research Agenda
1. Transmission: The transmission pillar focuses on understanding the transmission,
circulation, and spread of AMR across various sectors, including the environment,
plants, animals, and humans. By identifying the drivers of transmission and the
impact on different sectors, this pillar aims to develop strategies to mitigate AMR
spread effectively.
1. Integrated Surveillance: The goal of the integrated surveillance pillar is to enhance
technical understanding and information exchange among stakeholders involved in
One Health. By harmonizing surveillance efforts and prioritizing LMICs, this pillar
aims to improve the effectiveness and implementation of integrated surveillance
systems for AMR.
1. Interventions: The interventions pillar concentrates on programs, practices, tools,
and activities aimed at preventing, containing, or reducing the incidence, prevalence,
and spread of AMR. It highlights the importance of utilizing existing vaccines and
other One Health-related measures to effectively combat AMR.
1. Behavioral Insights and Change: Understanding human behavior and its impact on
AMR development and spread is the key focus of this pillar. It aims to explore and
address behavioral aspects across various groups and actors involved in combating
AMR. Insights gained through this research will contribute to targeted interventions
and behavioral change strategies.
1. Economics and Policy: The economics and policy pillar addresses investment and
action required for AMR prevention and control from a One Health perspective. It
examines the cost-effectiveness of AMR investments, financial sustainability, and
long-term impacts. This pillar emphasizes the need for financial planning to support
AMR-related initiatives effectively.
India Leads Worldwide in Childhood Diabetes and Fatalities
A recent study published in the journal JAMA Network revealed that India recorded the
highest number of childhood diabetes cases and deaths in 2019, underlining the urgency
of addressing this growing health concern. The research also highlighted important
findings regarding disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and global trends in childhood
diabetes.
India’s Childhood Diabetes Burden
According to the study, India faced the highest number of childhood diabetes cases and
deaths in 2019. This statistic emphasizes the pressing need to address the prevention,
management, and treatment of diabetes among children in the country. By understanding
the factors contributing to this burden, healthcare professionals and policymakers can
devise targeted strategies to mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality.
DALYs and Global Trends
DALYs, which represent the loss of one year of full health, were significantly affected by
childhood diabetes. Globally, the study reported 227,580 cases of childhood diabetes,
5,390 deaths, and 519,117 DALYs in 2019. Notably, there was a substantial 39.4% increase
in incident cases since 1990, highlighting the growing impact of childhood diabetes on
global health.
Types of Childhood Diabetes
Traditionally, childhood diabetes primarily constituted type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune
reaction where the body attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. However, the
study revealed a concerning trend of increasing type 2 diabetes prevalence among
children. This rise in type 2 diabetes is closely linked to the global epidemic of childhood
obesity, indicating the significance of addressing obesity and promoting healthy lifestyles.
Regional Variances
The study examined regional variations in childhood diabetes burden. The low-middle
Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region witnessed the highest increase in diabetes
incidence in 2019, suggesting the need for targeted interventions in these areas.
Additionally, the low SDI region experienced the highest number of diabetes-associated
deaths and DALYs, highlighting the urgent need for effective healthcare measures in
these regions.
Environmental and Occupational Risks
The research also shed light on the impact of environmental and occupational risks on
childhood diabetes. In 2019, approximately 6% of childhood diabetes-associated deaths
were attributed to such risks. These findings underscore the importance of addressing
environmental factors and ensuring safe occupational conditions to reduce the burden of
childhood diabetes.
Link Between Air Pollution and Lung Disease
A recent study conducted in Delhi has shed light on the concerning health implications
faced by outdoor workers due to their daily exposure to unclean air. The research focused
on various occupational groups, including wastepickers, safai karamcharis (municipal
sweepers), and security guards. The findings highlighted the prevalence of abnormal
pulmonary function and severe lung illnesses among these workers, underscoring the
need for interventions to protect their respiratory health.
High Prevalence of Abnormal Lung Function
The study revealed that a significant percentage of outdoor workers in Delhi experienced
abnormal pulmonary function. Among wastepickers, 75% were found to have abnormal
lung function. Similarly, 86% of safai karamcharis and 86% of security guards exhibited
abnormal pulmonary function. In contrast, the control group had a lower prevalence, with
only 45% demonstrating abnormal lung function.
Concerns over Severe Lung Illnesses
The study also highlighted the prevalence of severe lung illnesses among the studied
occupational groups. Approximately 17% of wastepickers, 27% of safai karamcharis, and
10% of security guards were found to be suffering from severe lung illnesses. Notably,
none of the participants in the control group reported such conditions. These findings
underscore the detrimental impact of occupational exposures on the respiratory health of
outdoor workers.
Gender Disparities in Lung Function
The study revealed that women participants across all occupational groups exhibited
lower lung function compared to their male counterparts. This observation suggests
potential gender-related vulnerabilities to the detrimental effects of occupational
exposures on lung health. Understanding these disparities is crucial for developing
targeted interventions to protect the respiratory well-being of female workers.
Occupational Exposures and Health Risks
The outdoor workers studied are regularly exposed to various occupational hazards,
including dust, waste, particulate matter, and toxic gases. These exposures contribute to
the deterioration of lung function and the development of severe lung illnesses. The
study’s findings highlight the urgent need for measures to minimize exposure and protect
the health of these workers.
Lack of Awareness and Protective Measures
More than half of the wastepickers studied were unaware of personal protective gear that
could reduce their exposure to harmful pollutants. This knowledge gap raises concerns
about the inadequate implementation of safety measures in these occupational settings.
Initiatives must be taken to raise awareness among workers and provide them with the
necessary protective equipment to mitigate the adverse effects of occupational
exposures.
Recommendations for Protecting Respiratory Health
Based on the study’s findings, the researchers proposed several recommendations. These
included providing personal protective equipment and educating workers on their proper
usage. Additionally, they emphasized the need for washing facilities near work sites and
distributing warm kits during winters to minimize exposure risks. A comprehensive
approach that addresses systemic issues and promotes pollution control is crucial for
safeguarding the respiratory health of outdoor workers.
July 6, 2023
Scheme for Expansion and Modernization of Fire Services in the States
The Ministry of Home Affairs recently launched the “Scheme for Expansion and
Modernization of Fire Services in the States” to enhance fire safety infrastructure across
the country. With a substantial budget of Rs. 5,000 crore, this scheme aims to address the
critical need for improved fire services.
Expanding and Modernizing Fire Services
The main goal of the scheme is to enhance and update fire services at the state level,
guaranteeing strong measures for preparedness and capacity building. By strengthening
fire services, the scheme aims to enhance the overall fire safety infrastructure across the
country. This initiative was announced by Amit Shah, the Union Home Minister and
Minister of Cooperation, during a meeting held in New Delhi.
Financial Allocation and Incentives
The scheme received a significant financial allocation of Rs. 5,000 crore. Out of this
amount, Rs. 500 crore has been specifically reserved for incentivizing states based on their
legal and infrastructure-related reforms. This provision encourages states to actively

participate in the scheme and implement necessary reforms to improve fire safety.
Contributions and Recommendations
State governments are required to contribute 25% of the total project cost from their own
budgetary resources, except for the North-Eastern and Himalayan (NEH) states, which
contribute 10%. The scheme is derived from the recommendation of the fifteenth finance
commission (XV-FC). The commission allows an allocation of 12.5% from both the National
Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) for the Funding
Window of Preparedness and Capacity Building.
Designation of Funds
An impressive amount of Rs. 5,000 crore from the total NDRF corpus has been designated
for the priority area of “Expanding and Modernization of Fire Services.” This substantial
financial allocation underscores the importance of addressing fire safety concerns and
improving the overall response capabilities of fire services.
What is FireDrone?
Imperial College London and Empa have collaborated to develop an innovative prototype
drone known as FireDrone. This cutting-edge technology aims to address the limitations
of current drones used in firefighting and provide crucial first-hand data from danger
zones in burning buildings or woodland.
Assessing Hazards and Providing Crucial Data
The primary purpose of FireDrone is to assess hazards and gather vital information from
dangerous areas during firefighting operations. It can provide invaluable insights to first
responders, including details about trapped individuals, building layouts, and unexpected
hazards. This real-time data can significantly enhance emergency response strategies and
help keep firefighters and civilians safe.
Inspired by Nature
Researchers drew inspiration from nature, particularly animals that have adapted to
extreme temperatures, to develop a fire-resistant drone. Animals like penguins, arctic
foxes, and spittlebugs have natural mechanisms to endure extreme conditions. This led to
the use of lightweight, thermally super-insulating materials like glass fibers and polyimide
aerogel in creating a protective shell for FireDrone. The addition of a super-reflecting
aluminum coating further enhances its heat resistance.
Overcoming Limitations
One major limitation of current firefighting drones is their inability to fly close to burning
material due to the risk of frame melting and electronic failure. FireDrone aims to
overcome this challenge by utilizing advanced materials and design techniques. The
protective shell, combined with temperature-sensitive components, allows FireDrone to
withstand temperatures of up to 200 degrees Celsius for a remarkable duration of 10
minutes.
Testing Performance in Extreme Conditions
To ensure FireDrone’s reliability, it underwent rigorous testing in various environments.
Temperature-controlled chambers simulated the intense heat of flames, replicating the

conditions of a fire or disaster scenario. Additionally, the drone was tested in an icy
environment within a glacier tunnel in Switzerland, successfully demonstrating its
capability to perform in extremely cold conditions.
Future Prospects
FireDrone is currently in its prototype stage, with the goal of improving its versatility and
expanding its sensor capabilities. The ultimate objective is to unleash its full potential for
extreme environments. By equipping FireDrone with additional sensors and enhancing its
functionality, emergency responders can rely on this advanced technology to gather
critical information and make informed decisions, ultimately saving more lives and
reducing risks to human lives.
Taylor Glacier
The stunning phenomenon of the ‘Blood Falls’ on Taylor Glacier in Antarctica has
intrigued scientists for over a century. Discovered in 1911, the crimson red drool flowing
from the glacier has long puzzled researchers. However, recent breakthroughs have shed
light on the mysterious red hue and the underlying causes behind this captivating natural
phenomenon.
Discovery
The glacier responsible for the mesmerizing ‘Blood Falls’ is known as Taylor Glacier. Its
bleeding phenomenon was first observed and documented back in 1911 during a British
expedition to Antarctica. Scientists have since dedicated their efforts to unravel the secrets
of this captivating natural wonder.
Unveiling the Iron-rich Nanospheres
Through meticulous research, materials scientists from John Hopkins University made a
groundbreaking discovery. The red hue in the Blood Falls is caused by the presence of
iron-rich nanospheres within the glacier. These tiny particles were previously undetected
due to their non-mineral nature, leading to the confusion surrounding the source of the
red drool.
Analytical Equipment and Location
To solve the enigma, powerful transmission electron microscopes were required.
Unfortunately, the spectroscopic equipment necessary for detailed analysis could not be
taken to the remote reaches of Antarctica. Instead, samples were carefully collected and
transported to overseas labs for thorough examination.
Implications for Mars Exploration
The study’s findings have far-reaching implications, extending beyond the boundaries of
our planet. Similar to the undisclosed lifeforms hidden beneath Taylor Glacier, Mars might
harbor its own secrets beneath icy bodies. Inadequate detection methods employed by
rover vehicles might hinder our ability to identify non-crystalline nanosized materials and
potential signs of life.
Unlocking the Secrets of Icy Environments
The discoveries surrounding Taylor Glacier’s Blood Falls have opened new avenues of
research and understanding. They emphasize the importance of utilizing advanced

technologies and analysis techniques to comprehend the complexities of extreme
environments. By enhancing our knowledge of such icy environments, we can gain
valuable insights into Earth’s history and potentially unravel the mysteries of
extraterrestrial landscapes.
Consolidated Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience Framework (CSCRF) for Sebi Regulated Entities
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has taken a significant step towards
enhancing cyber security measures by releasing a consultation paper titled ‘Consolidated
Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience Framework (CSCRF) for SEBI Regulated Entities.’ This
framework aims to provide a common structure for multiple approaches to cyber security,
ensuring the prevention of cyber risks and incidents.
The Five Functions of Cyber Security
At the core of SEBI’s framework lies the five concurrent and continuous functions of cyber
security, as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Identify,
Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. These functions serve as the pillars upon which the
framework is built, guiding regulated entities in establishing robust cyber security
protocols.
Formulating a Cyber Crisis Management Plan
SEBI emphasizes the importance of regulated entities formulating an up-to-date Cyber
Crisis Management Plan (CCMP). This plan serves as a comprehensive blueprint to
manage cyber crises effectively. Additionally, regulated entities are required to establish a
comprehensive incident response management plan and respective Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs). These measures ensure a proactive and organized response in the
event of a cyber incident.
Investigating Alerts and Root Cause Analysis
To maintain the integrity of cyber security systems, the consultation paper highlights the
need for suitable investigation of alerts generated from monitoring and detection
systems. Regulated entities must conduct Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to identify the
underlying causes of cyber incidents, enabling them to implement necessary preventive
measures.
Enhancing Cyber Resilience
The primary objective of SEBI’s consultation paper is to enhance cyber security and cyber
resilience for entities regulated by the organization. By implementing the framework,
regulated entities can establish a standardized approach to cyber security, minimizing
vulnerabilities, and reducing the risks associated with cyber threats.
World Investment Report 2023
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) recently released its
World Investment Report 2023, providing valuable insights into foreign direct investment
(FDI) trends in developing countries.
FDI in Developing Countries in Asia
In 2022, FDI in developing countries in Asia reached a total of $662 billion, representing no
change compared to the previous year. Despite maintaining a flat growth rate, these
countries remained significant recipients of FDI, with India and ASEAN highlighted as the
most buoyant regions.
Global FDI Decline
The report also highlighted a global decline in FDI, with a 12% drop to $1.3 trillion in 2022.
However, it is worth noting that the decline followed a strong rebound in 2021 after the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. China was an exception to this decline, as it
experienced a 5% increase in FDI.
Renewable Energy Investment Gap
One pressing concern emphasized by the report is the substantial investment gap in
renewable energy in developing countries. The annual investment required to support
clean energy transitions amounts to $1.7 trillion, while developing countries attracted only
$544 billion in FDI for clean energy in 2022. This highlights the need for significant efforts
to bridge the investment gap and attract more sustainable energy investments.
Investment Gaps in Sustainable Development Goals
The report further reveals a substantial investment gap across all sectors of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which has increased to over $4 trillion per year
from $2.5 trillion in 2015. Particularly, sectors such as energy, water, and transport
infrastructure face the largest investment gaps. Addressing these gaps is crucial for
achieving sustainable development targets and fostering inclusive growth.
Solar Shooting Stars
The Sun, with its mesmerizing features and celestial phenomena, continues to fascinate
scientists. Among these captivating phenomena are solar shooting stars, which differ
significantly from the shooting stars observed on Earth.
Composition of Solar Shooting Stars
Solar shooting stars are composed of plasma, a unique state of matter in which electrons
and ions exist separately. Unlike shooting stars on Earth, which consist of space dust or
rocks burning up in our atmosphere, solar shooting stars are massive clumps of plasma.
These plasma formations hurtle towards the Sun’s surface at incredible speeds,
resembling a rain of fireballs.
Observing Solar Shooting Stars
To study these extraordinary celestial events, scientists utilized the Solar Orbiter
spacecraft, developed by the European Space Agency. The Solar Orbiter, equipped with
advanced cameras and remote-sensing instruments, provided researchers with an
unprecedented close-up view of the Sun. This mission marked the first direct observation
of solar shooting stars, unveiling crucial insights into their behavior and characteristics.
The Enigmatic Corona
The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere is known as the corona. It presents a
baffling mystery as it is hotter than the layers beneath it, contrary to traditional solar
models predicting temperature increase towards the Sun’s core. The discovery of solar
shooting stars brings hope in unraveling the secrets behind this temperature anomaly.
Formation of Coronal Rains
Coronal rains, another mesmerizing phenomenon observed on the Sun, occur through
plasma condensation. These captivating events manifest when localized temperature
drops cause solar plasma to condense into dense lumps. These plasma lumps, heated to
temperatures exceeding two million degrees Fahrenheit, descend to the Sun’s cooler
surface, known as the photosphere, at speeds reaching 220,000 miles per hour.
Proximity of the Solar Orbiter
The Solar Orbiter achieved remarkable proximity to the Sun, approaching within a
distance of only 30 million miles, closer than the orbit of Mercury. This close proximity
facilitated detailed observations of the heating and compression of gas associated with
coronal rains, enhancing our understanding of these awe-inspiring phenomena.
Role of Magnetic Fields
Observing solar shooting stars presents a unique challenge as they lack the bright tails
typically seen in shooting stars on Earth. This peculiarity stems from the Sun’s powerful
magnetic fields, which strip gas from the falling plasma clumps, hindering tail formation.
The absence of tails has made the observation of solar meteors a demanding task until
recent advancements.
Bird Divorce
Birds are known for their fascinating behaviors and intricate social dynamics. While
divorce is commonly associated with humans, it turns out that birds, too, go through
divorce. Recent research has shed light on this intriguing aspect of avian life, revealing the
factors that contribute to divorce in birds, the patterns observed in divorce rates, and the
potential impact of climate change on these rates.
Factors Contributing to Divorce in Birds
Several factors have been identified as contributing to divorce in birds. One significant
factor is male promiscuity. In species where males engage in multiple mating
partnerships, divorce rates tend to be higher. This is because male birds may invest less
time and effort in maintaining a single breeding partnership, leading to increased
instability.
Another contributing factor is long-distance migrations. Birds that undertake extensive
migration journeys face unique challenges. The prolonged separation from their mates
during migration can strain their bond, potentially leading to higher divorce rates upon
their return.
Analyzing Bird Divorces
Researchers have conducted extensive analyses to understand bird divorces. They
examined divorce rates, mortality data, and migration distances for 232 bird species
across various habitats and geographic locations. By comparing these factors, they were
able to uncover intriguing patterns and correlations.
Patterns Revealed by Analysis
The analysis revealed that bird species with high divorce rates were closely related to each
other, just as species with low divorce rates were related. This suggests that divorce
behavior has a genetic basis and is influenced by evolutionary factors.

Bird Species with High Divorce Rates and Male Promiscuity
Certain bird species exhibited both high divorce rates and male promiscuity. Plovers,
swallows, martins, orioles, and blackbirds were among the species that displayed this
combination. The correlation between male promiscuity and divorce rates suggests that
increased mating opportunities may diminish a male bird’s commitment to a single
partner.
Effect of Male Promiscuity on Attractiveness as a Partner
Male promiscuity negatively impacts a male bird’s attractiveness as a partner. By
engaging in multiple mating partnerships, a male bird demonstrates reduced
commitment, making him less attractive to potential mates during the next breeding
season. This further contributes to the instability of breeding partnerships and higher
divorce rates.
Migration Distances and Divorce Rates
The study found a relationship between migration distances and divorce rates in birds.
Birds with longer migration distances tended to have higher divorce rates. The prolonged
separation during migration likely creates additional challenges, leading to increased
relationship instability and ultimately divorce.
Asynchronous Arrival at Breeding Destinations
Another factor contributing to divorce in birds is asynchronous arrival at breeding
destinations. When birds arrive at their breeding grounds at different times, early-arriving
individuals may establish new partnerships, leading to the dissolution of previous
breeding pairs. This behavior contributes to higher divorce rates among bird species.
Climate Change and Divorce Rates
Climate change may have an impact on divorce rates in birds. With climate change
causing shifts in weather patterns and altering the timing of migration, birds may
experience increased variability in migration timings. This variability can disrupt the
synchronization of breeding pairs, potentially leading to higher divorce rates across
species.
Impact of CMV and ToMV on Tomato Crops
Tomato growers in regions like Maharashtra and Karnataka have been facing significant
challenges due to the impact of two viruses – Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato
mosaic virus (ToMV). These viruses have been causing substantial losses in tomato yields,
affecting farmers and the agricultural industry.
The Culprits: CMV and ToMV
CMV and ToMV are the two primary viruses responsible for the loss of tomato yields.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) affects crops in Maharashtra, while Tomato mosaic virus
(ToMV) affects crops in Karnataka and other South Indian states. Both viruses belong to
different viral families but share similarities in terms of the damage they cause to crops.
How Do CMV and ToMV Spread?
ToMV primarily spreads through infected seeds, saplings, agricultural tools, and human
touch. It only takes a few infected saplings to spread the virus rapidly across an entire
field. On the other hand, CMV spreads through sap-sucking insects called aphids. While
human touch can also contribute to CMV transmission, the chances of this happening are
quite low.
Symptoms of Infection
When tomato plants are infected with ToMV, they exhibit symptoms such as alternating
yellowish and dark green areas on the foliage, blister-like appearances on the leaves, leaf
distortion, twisting of younger leaves, necrotic spots on the fruit, and affected fruit setting.
In the case of CMV, cucumber plants are often affected, showing distortion of leaves
primarily at the top and bottom, creating a mosaic-like pattern of alternating yellow and
green spots.
Controlling the Spread of CMV and ToMV
Controlling the spread of these viruses is crucial to mitigate the significant crop losses
they cause. For ToMV, it is important to enforce biosafety standards in nurseries, treat
seeds to prevent future spread, discard visibly infected materials, and closely monitor
signs of infection throughout the cropping cycle, promptly removing infected plants to
prevent further contamination.
Controlling CMV is more challenging due to its wide host range, which includes cucumber,
melon, eggplant, tomato, carrot, lettuce, celery, cucurbits, and some ornamentals. To
manage CMV, farmers need to employ preventive measures such as spraying quick-acting
insecticides or mineral oils to deter aphids, clearing fields of weeds and plant material,
and monitoring aphid migration.
Consequences for Tomato Crops
Both CMV and ToMV can have devastating consequences for tomato crops. If left
untreated, these viruses can lead to almost 100% crop loss, stunted growth, lower
production, and distortion of fruits. The impact extends beyond yield loss and affects the
livelihoods of farmers, the availability of tomatoes in the market, and the overall economy
of the region.
China’s Newly Amended Anti-Espionage Law
China’s newly amended security law, which came into effect on July 1, has raised concerns
regarding its potential impact on businesses operating in the country. The counter-
espionage law, passed by the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee,
aims to safeguard national security by addressing espionage and spying activities.
However, the broad scope and ambiguities of the law have raised uncertainties and
potential risks for foreign companies, journalists, academics, and researchers.
Understanding the Amended Law
The amended law specifies acts of espionage, including carrying out cyber attacks against
state organs, confidential organs, or crucial information infrastructure. It broadens the
definition of targets of espionage to include all documents, data, materials, and articles
related to national security and interests. This expansion has led to concerns about the
government’s authority to demand access to private information and the classification of
research work or due diligence as espionage.

Risks and Uncertainties for Businesses
The US National Counterintelligence and Security Centre (NCSC) has highlighted potential
legal risks and uncertainties for foreign businesses operating in China. Ambiguities within
the law can subject any documents, data, materials, or items to be considered relevant to
China’s national security, creating challenges for companies conducting research or due
diligence. The lack of a clear definition of espionage further adds to the concerns, leaving
businesses vulnerable to potential legal consequences.
Incidents Involving Foreign Businesses
Recent incidents involving foreign businesses have heightened concerns regarding the
impact of the law. The raid on consultancy firm Bain & Co.’s Shanghai office, detention of
Chinese staff from the Mintz Group, and the arrest of a Japanese employee of Astellas
Pharma Inc. on alleged spying charges exemplify the risks faced by businesses operating
in China.
Expert Committee's Report on Market Yard of National Importance Platform
The National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) in India has emerged as a game-changer in the
agricultural sector, connecting farmers and traders across the country. With 1361 Mandis
integrated into the e-NAM platform, this digital marketplace has transformed the way
agricultural trade operates. Moreover, the introduction of the Market Yard of National
Importance (MNI) further aims to enhance inter-mandi and inter-State trade, empowering
farmers and promoting price competitiveness.
e-NAM: Empowering Farmers and Traders
e-NAM has witnessed remarkable growth since its launch in April 2016. As of July 3, 2023,
more than 1.75 crore farmers and 2.45 lakh traders have registered on the e-NAM portal.
The platform has facilitated a total trade volume of 7.97 crore MT and 25.82 crore
numbers, encompassing commodities such as bamboo, betel leaves, coconut, lemon, and
sweet corn. The cumulative trade value has reached an impressive Rs. 2.79 lakh crore. This
digital ecosystem has improved transparency, efficiency, and access to markets for
farmers across 23 states and 4 Union Territories.
The Significance of Inter-Mandi and Inter-State Trade
One of the primary objectives of promoting inter-mandi and inter-State trade is to obtain
competitive prices for surplus farmer produce. Recognizing this need, the Government of
India constituted a high-level Expert Committee on April 21, 2023, to further advance
agricultural trade through the concept and implementation of the Market Yard of National
Importance (MNI). Dr. Manoj Rajan, the Special Secretary (Agriculture) of the Government
of Karnataka, chaired this committee, which included members from various state
agriculture marketing boards.
The Role of the Market Yard of National Importance (MNI)
The Market Yard of National Importance (MNI) aims to enhance the share of producers in
the end consumer price and facilitate seamless inter-mandi and inter-State trade. The
expert committee has recommended the implementation framework of the MNI-P
platform, which encompasses the legal framework, inter-state reciprocity of license and
movement, dispute resolution mechanisms, and rollout strategies. By creating a digital
ecosystem that leverages the expertise of different segments of the agriculture value
chain, the MNI platform will enable farmers to sell their surplus produce beyond state
boundaries.
Empowering Farmers and Creating New Opportunities
The integration of e-NAM and the introduction of the Market Yard of National Importance
(MNI) provide significant opportunities for farmers. It enables them to access a larger
market and sell their surplus produce, thereby expanding their reach and boosting their
incomes. Additionally, the digital ecosystem facilitates quality-based trading, transparent
price discovery, and efficient marketing systems. This collaborative approach between the
government, farmers, and traders fosters a competitive and sustainable agricultural
sector.
DGCA-EASA MoU for Cooperation in Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Innovative Air Mobility
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) India and the European Union Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA) have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to foster
cooperation in the field of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Innovative Air Mobility.
This collaboration aims to strengthen the civil aviation authorities’ efforts in promoting
safe and efficient operations of unmanned aircraft and fostering innovation in the air
mobility sector.
Focus on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Innovative Air Mobility
The primary focus of the MoU between DGCA and EASA is the mutual cooperation in
Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Innovative Air Mobility. Both organizations recognize the
importance of these emerging technologies and their potential to transform the aviation
industry. By joining forces, DGCA and EASA aim to facilitate the development and
implementation of regulations, standards, and best practices in this domain.
Areas of Collaboration
The collaboration between DGCA and EASA will encompass various areas related to
unmanned aircraft systems and innovative air mobility. These include the development of
certification standards, environmental standards, licensing of personnel, training, air
traffic management, and infrastructure. Additionally, both organizations will work
together to establish Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) standards
and services. This comprehensive approach ensures a holistic development and
integration of unmanned aircraft systems and innovative air mobility into the existing
aviation framework.
Information Sharing and Capacity Building
The MoU between DGCA and EASA will facilitate regular information sharing on
technological advancements, research findings, and outreach strategies in the field of
unmanned aircraft systems and innovative air mobility. This exchange of knowledge and
expertise will enable both authorities to stay updated with the latest developments and
align their approaches to support the growth of the sector. Furthermore, the collaboration
will include organizing conferences, workshops, and training programs to enhance the
capabilities of stakeholders involved in unmanned aircraft systems and innovative air
mobility.
Factors Driving the Soaring Indian Stock Markets
The Indian stock markets have witnessed a remarkable surge in recent times, capturing
the attention of investors and economists alike.
Optimism in the US and Increased Investment
One of the primary factors contributing to the surge in Indian stock markets is the
optimism prevailing in the United States and its stock markets. The US stock indices,
namely the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100, have been performing exceptionally well. The
positive sentiment in the US has had a spillover effect on global markets, including India,
leading to increased investor confidence and participation.
Expectations Defied
The surprising aspect of the rise in US stock indices is that it comes at a time when a
global recession was anticipated due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Economists
projected that the US and other developed economies would face a significant downturn.
However, the resilience of the US stock markets has defied these expectations, generating
a ripple effect in markets worldwide, including India.
Central Banks’ Response to Inflation
In response to historic levels of inflation, central banks worldwide have taken decisive
actions. Rapid increases in interest rates have been implemented to curb inflationary
pressures. This strategy aims to cool down the economy and stabilize price levels.
Impact of Rising Interest Rates on Stock Markets
Rising interest rates typically have a significant impact on stock markets. As interest rates
increase, investors tend to become more cautious and less inclined to invest in riskier
assets, such as stocks. Instead, they may choose safer options, such as keeping their
money in banks or investing in fixed-income instruments. This shift in investor preference
can have a dampening effect on stock market performance.
Understanding Growth Recession
The term “growth recession” refers to a situation where the growth rate of the gross
domestic product (GDP) slows down significantly but remains positive. It implies a
deceleration in economic growth, albeit not to the extent of a full-blown recession. The
concept was coined by the renowned American economist Solomon Fabricant.
India’s Potential GDP Growth Rate and Economic Trends
India’s potential GDP growth rate has experienced a decline since the Global Financial
Crisis of 2009. The decelerating growth rates, stress in the labor market, and muted
consumption levels are notable trends observed in India’s economy. These factors have
influenced investor sentiments and shaped the performance of the Indian stock markets.
New Scheme to Support Minor Victims of Rape
The Women and Child Development Ministry has recently introduced a scheme aimed at
offering comprehensive support to minor victims of sexual assault. This scheme operates
under the Nirbhaya Fund and has been allocated a significant amount of ₹74.1 crore.
Supporting Minor Victims
To provide necessary assistance to minor victims, the administrative structure of Mission
Vatsalya is being utilized in collaboration with state governments and Child Care
Institutions (CCIs). This administrative framework, launched in 2021, focuses on
safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children.
Enhancing Access to Justice
In an effort to expedite justice for minor victims of rape, the government has established
415 fast-track courts under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
These courts are specifically designed to address cases involving minors and facilitate
swift legal proceedings.
Integrated Support and Assistance
The newly introduced scheme aims to provide integrated support and assistance to girl
child victims under one roof. It encompasses various services, including access to
education, police assistance, healthcare (including maternity, neo-natal, and infant care),
psychological support, and legal aid. This holistic approach ensures that victims receive
immediate, emergency, and non-emergency support to aid their recovery and
rehabilitation.
Eligibility Criteria
The scheme targets minor girl victims below the age of 18 who have become pregnant
due to rape or assault as defined by the POCSO Act. To qualify for assistance, these victims
must be either orphans or abandoned by their families. Importantly, victims are not
required to possess a copy of the First Information Report (FIR) to access the benefits
provided by the scheme.
Meta's Threads App
Meta, formerly known as Facebook, has recently developed a new app called Threads to
compete with Twitter. However, the launch of the app in the European Union (EU) has
been postponed due to regulatory concerns.
Regulatory Concerns and Delayed Launch
Meta’s Threads app, designed to provide a platform for discussions and community
engagement, is currently not being launched in the EU. The company’s decision stems
from regulatory concerns regarding compliance with the DMA, a framework introduced to
address the dominance of large digital platforms and ensure fair competition within the
digital market.
Understanding the Digital Markets Act
The DMA is a regulatory initiative that aims to regulate the behavior of “gatekeeper”
platforms, which possess substantial market power. It establishes stringent regulations
for major internet companies operating in Europe, including Meta. One key regulation
prohibits platforms from sharing data across different services, ensuring fair competition
and data privacy.
Data Privacy Concerns and Compliance Efforts
Meta has faced scrutiny from European regulators in the past due to concerns over data
usage. The company’s attempt to leverage data from WhatsApp to strengthen Instagram
and Facebook, which violated EU rules, raised data privacy concerns. As a result, Meta is
actively working towards compliance with EU regulations to avoid further conflicts.
Second Thomas Shoal
Second Thomas Shoal, located in the north-eastern part of the Spratly Islands, has
emerged as a contentious area in the South China Sea. The recent incident near Second
Thomas Shoal escalated tensions between China and the Philippines. The Philippine Coast
Guard accused China’s coast guard of harassment and dangerous maneuvers. China, on
the other hand, claims that the Philippine coast guard intruded into its waters without
permission. This ongoing diplomatic standoff underscores the complex nature of
territorial disputes in the South China Sea.
Geographical Features and Territorial Claims
Second Thomas Shoal is a tear-drop shaped atoll, characterized by coral reefs and a
surrounding lagoon with depths of up to 27 meters (89 ft). The shoal is situated in an area
where China, Brunei, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam assert territorial claims over
parts of the Spratly group of islands. The presence of the US-built Philippine Navy landing
craft, BRP Sierre Madre (LT-57), deliberately grounded in 1999, represents the Philippines’
claim to sovereignty.
China’s Claims and the “Nine-Dash Line”
China claims sovereignty over nearly the entire South China Sea through its depiction of
the “nine-dash line” on its maps. This line extends into the exclusive economic zones of
neighboring countries. However, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2016 declared that
China’s “nine-dash line” claim has no legal basis, challenging China’s expansive territorial
assertions.
Assam Cabinet Approves Key Initiatives for Development
The Assam state cabinet recently made significant decisions aimed at promoting the
growth and welfare of its residents. This article highlights the key approvals granted by
the cabinet, including the exemption of MSMEs from certain approvals and inspections,
amendments to the Assam Food Security Rules, incentives for students, and a request to
host the National Games.
Boosting MSMEs
The Assam state cabinet approved the Assam Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(Facilitation of Establishment & Operation) Rules, 2023. Under these rules, MSMEs in the
state will be exempted from specific approvals and inspections for a period of three years.
This move is intended to simplify the establishment and operation processes for MSMEs
and encourage their growth.
Simplified Operations for MSMEs
To facilitate the smooth start of operations for MSMEs, an ‘Acknowledgement Certificate’
from the state nodal agency, obtained by submitting a Declaration of Intent, will be
sufficient. This streamlining of processes will help MSMEs in Assam commence their
operations more efficiently.
Enhanced Food Security
The cabinet also approved amendments to the Assam Food Security Rules, 2022, which fall
under the National Food Security Act, 2013. The income criteria for eligibility to apply for
new ration cards under the National Food Security Act have been raised from 2.5 lakh to 4
lakhs. This enhancement will allow more deserving families to access essential food
supplies and contribute to improved food security in the state.
Incentives for Students
In a bid to encourage academic excellence, the cabinet decided to provide scooters to
deserving students. Girl students who secured 60% and above in the Higher Secondary
exams will be eligible, while boy students will need to achieve a minimum of 75% or above.
Furthermore, the distribution of 3.78 lakh bicycles among Class 9 students in government
and provincialized schools was approved, with a budget of Rs 167 Crore allocated for this
initiative.
Expansion of the Orunodoi Scheme
The cabinet extended the coverage of the Orunodoi scheme by including around 7 lakh
additional beneficiaries. Under this scheme, eligible individuals will receive Rs 1,250 per
month starting from September 10, 2023. The extension of the scheme aims to provide
financial support to a larger segment of the population, promoting social welfare and
economic empowerment.
National Games Hosting Request
The Assam cabinet approved a request to the Indian Olympic Association to host the
National Games in either 2025 or 2027. This presents an opportunity for Assam to
showcase its capabilities and infrastructure in hosting a major sporting event, potentially
attracting significant attention and boosting the state’s tourism and sports sectors.
July 7, 2023
Indian Tri-Services Contingent in French Bastille Day Parade
Every year on 14th July, France commemorates an important event known as Bastille Day.
This day holds great significance in French history and marks the anniversary of the
Storming of the Bastille in 1789 during the French Revolution. In recent times, the Bastille
Day Parade in France has gained international attention, and this year, India’s Prime
Minister, Narendra Modi, has been invited as the Guest of Honour. The Indian Armed
Forces will be proudly represented by a tri-services contingent during the parade.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi: Guest of Honour
As a mark of the growing partnership between India and France, Shri Narendra Modi, the
Prime Minister of India, has been invited as the Guest of Honour at the Bastille Day
Parade. This invitation reflects the strengthening ties between the two nations and
acknowledges India’s significant presence on the global stage.
Tri-Services Contingent: Showcasing Indian Pride
A contingent of 269 members from the Indian Armed Forces will march alongside their
French counterparts during the Bastille Day Parade. This tri-services contingent
represents the unity and valor of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. Their participation
demonstrates the prowess and professionalism of the Indian Armed Forces to the
international community.
India’s Contribution in World War I
During World War I, over 1.3 million Indian soldiers valiantly participated in the conflict.
However, the trenches of war took a heavy toll, with 74,000 Indian soldiers fighting bravely
but never returning home. Their sacrifice and dedication in the face of adversity
contributed significantly to the war effort and solidified India’s role as a key participant in
global conflicts.
The Punjab Regiment: Proud Representatives
The Indian Army contingent marching in the Bastille Day Parade is represented by the
esteemed Punjab Regiment. Known for its rich history and glorious contributions, the
Punjab Regiment has earned widespread respect and recognition. In World War II alone,
the regiment earned an impressive 16 Battle Honours, highlighting their bravery and valor
on the battlefield.
Rajputana Rifles Regiment Band: A Melodic Tribute
Accompanying the Indian Army contingent is the renowned Rajputana Rifles Regiment
Band. This band has a remarkable legacy and was raised in Nasirabad, Rajasthan. The
band members showcase their musical talents and pay tribute to the soldiers who have
served their nation with distinction.
A Rich Legacy: Victoria Crosses and Recognition
Prior to India’s independence, the Rajputana Rifles Regiment was bestowed with the
prestigious Victoria Cross, the highest military decoration for valor. Their gallantry and
dedication in various theaters of war during both World Wars earned them six Victoria
Crosses, showcasing their unwavering commitment to duty and honor.
SALVEX 2023
In a remarkable display of collaboration, the Indian Navy and the US Navy recently joined
forces for the seventh edition of the IN-USN Salvage and Explosive Ordnance Disposal
(EOD) exercise, known as SALVEX. Held from June 26th to July 6th, 2023, the vibrant city of
Kochi served as the backdrop for this highly anticipated event. SALVEX 2023 marked an
important chapter in the history of naval cooperation between India and the US, fostering
enhanced interoperability and operational capabilities.
INS Nireekshak: Leading the Way
The Indian naval vessel INS Nireekshak led the SALVEX 2023 exercise, symbolizing the
commitment of the Indian Navy to collaborative training and cooperation. As a
sophisticated diving and EOD support vessel, INS Nireekshak played a crucial role in
facilitating joint exercises and knowledge exchange between the two navies.
USNS Salvor: A Formidable Presence
Participating alongside INS Nireekshak was the US naval vessel USNS Salvor. With its
advanced salvage capabilities, USNS Salvor brought immense expertise to the exercise.
The collaboration between INS Nireekshak and USNS Salvor showcased the synergy
between the Indian and US navies, emphasizing the shared commitment to maritime
security and cooperation.
Showcasing Expertise: Specialist Diving and EOD Teams
The SALVEX exercise witnessed an awe-inspiring display of expertise from Specialist Diving
and EOD teams representing both the Indian Navy and the US Navy. These highly skilled
teams showcased their proficiency in diverse disciplines, including precise mine detection,
neutralization, wreck location, and salvage. Their exemplary skills and professionalism
further strengthened the bond between the participating nations.
Exchanging Knowledge: Maritime Salvage
During SALVEX, valuable knowledge and experiences were exchanged between the Indian
Navy and the US Navy. The exercise provided a platform for the teams to learn from each
other’s rich maritime traditions and best practices in maritime salvage. This knowledge
exchange contributed to the professional growth of the participants and further
deepened the cooperation between the two navies.
Enhanced Interoperability and Operational Capabilities
Through the joint training exercises conducted during SALVEX 2023, the participating
teams achieved enhanced interoperability and operational capabilities. The collaborative
efforts focused on refining techniques, improving coordination, and strengthening
communication between the Indian and US navies. This shared experience and training
fostered a stronger partnership in addressing maritime challenges.
A Landmark in Naval Cooperation History
SALVEX 2023 will be remembered as an important chapter in the history of naval
cooperation between India and the US. The exercise showcased the commitment of both
nations to fostering collaboration, sharing expertise, and strengthening their capabilities
in salvage operations and EOD expertise. The success of SALVEX 2023 sets the stage for
future joint exercises and underscores the significance of bilateral naval cooperation
between India and the US.
July 10, 2023
Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D) - Current Updates (July, 2023)
The Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSE&L) has taken a significant step
towards improving the education system with the release of the Performance Grading
Index for Districts (PGI-D). This comprehensive report, conducted by the Ministry of
Education, aims to assess and enhance the performance of schools at the district level.
Understanding PGI-D
The Performance Grading Index for Districts (PGI-D) is a groundbreaking report that
evaluates the effectiveness of the education system in different districts across the
country.
Insights from the PGI-D
1. Scale of Education: The Indian Education System boasts an impressive network,
with approximately 14.9 lakh (or 1,490,000) schools catering to around 26.5 crore (or
265 million) students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds.

1. Educators’ Strength: To support this vast educational landscape, there are
approximately 95 lakh (or 9.5 million) dedicated teachers working tirelessly to impart
knowledge and shape young minds.
1. PGI-D Structure: The PGI-D utilizes an 83-indicator-based grading system that falls
under six categories and 12 domains. These categories include Outcomes, Effective
Classroom Transaction, Infrastructure Facilities & Student’s Entitlements, School
Safety & Child Protection, Digital Learning, and Governance Process.
1. Grading System: The PGI-D grades districts on a scale of ten. The highest grade,
Daksh, is achieved by districts scoring over 90% of the total points, while the lowest
grade, Akanshi-3, represents scores up to 10% of the total points.
Objective and Impact
The ultimate objective of the PGI-D is to empower districts to identify and prioritize areas
requiring intervention to enhance their performance. By focusing on the identified
domains and categories, districts can take proactive measures to improve educational
outcomes, ensuring a holistic and quality learning experience for students.
Anomalocaris canadensis
In the world of paleontology, fascinating discoveries shed light on prehistoric creatures
that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. One such creature is Anomalocaris
canadensis, an ancient shrimplike creature that existed during the Cambrian period.
Unveiling Anomalocaris canadensis
Anomalocaris canadensis was a notable inhabitant of the ancient seas. Measuring
approximately 2 feet (0.6 meters) in length, this creature was a fascinating mix between a
shrimp and a cuttlefish. Its unique characteristics and behavior have intrigued
paleontologists for years.
The Apex Predator
Anomalocaris canadensis held a prominent role in the ecosystem as an apex predator.
Researchers believed that this ancient creature had a fearsome reputation due to its
hunting habits and physical attributes.
Feeding on Trilobites
Paleontologists theorized that Anomalocaris canadensis primarily preyed upon trilobites.
Trilobites were early hard-shelled invertebrates that inhabited the seafloor. The creature’s
hunting prowess and physical structure led scientists to attribute the scarring and
crushing of fossilized trilobite skeletons to Anomalocaris canadensis.
Challenging Assumptions
Recent research has challenged some long-held assumptions about Anomalocaris
canadensis. Studies conducted by a team of international researchers focused on better
understanding the creature’s feeding capabilities.
Mouth Parts and Appendages
One notable discovery was that Anomalocaris canadensis had mouth parts ill-suited for
processing hard food. Instead, its long and spiny appendages were found to be more
instrumental in capturing and grasping prey.

Hunting Techniques
Scientists concluded that Anomalocaris canadensis was a swift and agile predator. It most
likely darted through well-lit open water, pursuing soft prey rather than focusing on hard-
shelled creatures on the ocean floor. This finding sheds new light on the dynamics of the
Cambrian food webs.
Complexity of Cambrian Food Webs
The study’s results have led researchers to reevaluate their understanding of Cambrian
food webs. Previously, it was believed that creatures like Anomalocaris canadensis would
devour any available prey. However, the study suggests a more intricate and nuanced
interplay of species within the ancient ecosystem.
Wilson's Little Penguin
Scientists have made an extraordinary discovery in the southern Taranaki region of New
Zealand’s North Island. They have uncovered the remains of the smallest extinct penguin
species ever found, shedding light on the fascinating world of these flightless birds and
providing valuable insights into the past.
Unveiling the Remains
Researchers have unearthed fossilized remains that belong to a newly discovered penguin
species. Named Wilson’s little penguin (Eudyptula wilsonae), these remains offer a
glimpse into the history of these fascinating creatures. The fossilized skulls found in the
southern Taranaki region are remarkably similar in size and shape to the little penguins
that inhabit our world today.
Significance of the Discovery
This discovery holds great significance as it confirms the Zealandian origin of little
penguins and their presence during the Neogene period. By studying these fossils,
scientists are able to fill gaps in the ecosystem’s history, gaining insights into the
evolution and dynamics of species in changing environments.
Current Distribution
Little penguins, including their subspecies, currently reside across New Zealand, Australia,
and Tasmania. Understanding their origins and historical presence enhances our
comprehension of these regions’ unique biodiversity.
Climate Change and Penguin Mortality
Speculation arises regarding the unfortunate deaths of little penguins found washed up
on New Zealand’s beaches. Researchers suggest that climate change may have played a
role in these incidents. Rising ocean surface temperatures, influenced by climate change,
can cause prey species to migrate further from penguins’ reach, leading to
malnourishment and mortality.
Phosphine in Venus' Atmosphere
The quest for signs of extraterrestrial life has captivated scientists and space enthusiasts
for decades. In an intriguing development, a team of scientists made an astonishing
discovery in the atmosphere of Venus.
Phosphine: A Surprising Revelation
In a groundbreaking revelation, the research team uncovered the presence of phosphine
gas in the atmosphere of Venus. Previously, phosphine had been detected in the clouds of
Venus, but the new study delved deeper, using the James Clark Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
located at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.
Microorganisms and the Generation of Phosphine
On Earth, microorganisms residing in low-oxygen environments generate phosphine. The
new study drew a fascinating parallel, suggesting that the emergence of phosphine in the
lower levels of Venus’ atmosphere may be attributed to similar microorganisms. This
discovery has sparked intrigue and led to the notion that phosphine could serve as a
potential biosignature in other worlds.
The Significance of Phosphine in Other Worlds
The presence of phosphine in other worlds offers tantalizing possibilities. Its detection
could signify the existence of life forms capable of generating this gas through unique
biological processes. While phosphine alone does not confirm the presence of life, its
identification raises intriguing questions and warrants further investigation.
Exploring Alternative Sources
Some scientists propose an alternative hypothesis, suggesting that phosphine could be
created through the erosion of phosphorus-bearing rocks in Venus’ high atmosphere.
This process, involving water and acid, could release phosphine gas, mimicking a potential
biological origin. However, the extent of this mechanism and its contribution to the
phosphine levels remains uncertain.
The Search for Life on Venus
The initial detection of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus provided the first hint of the
possibility of life on the planet. This discovery ignited scientific curiosity and initiated
further exploration into the nature of Venus’ atmosphere. While additional research is
needed, this breakthrough emphasizes the need for continued investigation of the
potential habitability of other celestial bodies.
July 11, 2023
Granite on Moon
Scientists have made a remarkable discovery beneath the surface of the Moon,
uncovering a massive chunk of granite that sheds light on a unique form of lunar
volcanism.
Unveiling the Hidden Granite
The chunk of rock was discovered through the efforts of an orbiting satellite, which
captured evidence of granite beneath the Moon’s surface. This breakthrough has
provided scientists with invaluable information about the Moon’s geological composition.
The Compton-Belkovich Volcanic Complex
The granitic system was found below a far-side feature known as the Compton-Belkovich
Volcanic Complex. This complex, measuring approximately 50 kilometers in diameter, has
presented planetary scientists with a unique opportunity to study volcanic activity on the
Moon.
A Glimpse into Lunar Volcanism
The volcanic activity responsible for the formation of the granitic system is estimated to
have occurred around 3.5 billion years ago. This timeline offers valuable insights into the
Moon’s geological past and the processes that shaped its surface.
The Radioactive Element Connection
The discovery of extra heat emanating from the location on the Moon where the granitic
system was found has sparked curiosity among scientists. This phenomenon can be
attributed to the high concentrations of radioactive elements present in the granite.
Elements such as uranium and thorium contribute to the heating observed at the lunar
surface.
Formation of Granite
Granite forms through igneous activity and the cooling of magma. The presence of
granite beneath the Moon’s surface indicates past volcanic events and underscores the
dynamic geological processes that have shaped our celestial neighbor.
Granite Rarity in the Solar System
Granites are relatively uncommon outside of Earth in the Solar System. The scarcity of
granitic formations in other celestial bodies adds to the significance of the Moon’s granitic
discovery, as it provides a unique opportunity to study this type of rock formation beyond
our home planet.
Previous Findings and Remote Sensing Studies
Before this discovery, only a few grains of granite were detected in the rocks brought back
by NASA’s Apollo missions. Since then, remote sensing studies have identified a handful of
small granite or granite-like features on the Moon, making the current finding even more
significant.
Guinness World Record Created for Lambani Art
India’s G20 Presidency recently achieved a remarkable feat by setting a new Guinness
World Record. The record-breaking event involved the largest display of Lambani items,
showcasing the rich cultural heritage of India. The exhibition, aptly titled “Threads of
Unity,” was inaugurated in the historic city of Hampi.
Setting a Record: Largest Display of Lambani Items
India’s G20 Presidency left an indelible mark by showcasing a staggering total of 1755
Lambani items, securing the coveted title for the “largest display of Lambani items” in the
Guinness World Records. This achievement not only highlights the diversity of Indian art
but also sheds light on the talent and craftsmanship of Lambani artisans.
Empowering Lambani Artisans
The success of this record-breaking endeavor owes much to the dedication and skills of
Lambani women artisans and cultural practitioners. More than 450 talented individuals
associated with the Sandur Kushala Kala Kendra Kendra (SKKK) came together to create
these exquisite Lambani items. Their involvement highlights the significant role of
Lambani embroidery in providing livelihoods and economic empowerment to these skilled
artisans.
Preserving Cultural Heritage: Lambani Embroidery
Lambani embroidery is a vibrant and intricate textile embellishment characterized by
colorful threads, mirror work, and exquisite stitch patterns. Predominantly practiced in the
state of Karnataka, Lambani embroidery is a living testament to the cultural heritage of
India. The interconnectedness of Lambani craft with textile traditions across Eastern
Europe, West Asia, and Central Asia underlines the shared artistic culture and historical
migration of nomadic communities.
Aligning with Sustainable Initiatives
The Guinness World Record achievement is aligned with the Prime Minister’s campaign of
Mission ‘LiFe’ (Lifestyle for environment) and the Culture Working Group’s initiative for
‘Culture for LiFe,’ promoting an environmentally conscious lifestyle and sustainability. By
embracing Lambani embroidery, which involves the sustainable practice of patchworking,
this record-breaking event exemplifies the fusion of art and environmental
consciousness.
Recognizing Sandur Kushala Kala Kendra (SKKK)
Sandur Kushala Kala Kendra (SKKK), a society registered in 1988, has played a pivotal role
in reviving traditional crafts and uplifting the livelihoods of Lambani craftswomen. SKKK’s
Lambani craft has achieved acclaim at both national and international levels, being
honored with the prestigious UNESCO Seal of Excellence for Handicrafts in South Asia in
both 2004 and 2012. Furthermore, SKKK obtained the Geographical Indication (GI) tag for
‘Sandur Lambani hand embroidery’ in 2008, further cementing the significance of this art
form.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a disease caused by a tick-borne virus of the
Bunyaviridae family. It is currently spreading across regions such as Europe, Africa, and
the Middle East.
Primary Hosts and Transmission
Cattle, sheep, and goats serve as the primary hosts of the CCHF virus. Humans can
contract the virus through two main modes of transmission: tick bites and contact with
the blood of infected animals. These modes of transmission explain why a majority of
CCHF cases occur in individuals associated with the livestock industry.
Recognition by a Prominent Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the severity of CCHF and includes it on
its list of pathogens that have the potential to cause outbreaks and pandemics. This
distinction highlights the public health risk associated with CCHF due to its epidemic
potential and the insufficient countermeasures available.
Symptoms and Fatality Rate
One prominent symptom of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is the presence of fever.
However, as the illness progresses, individuals may experience dizziness, headache,
backache, muscle pain, sore eyes, and photophobia. Advanced stages of the disease can
lead to confusion, mood swings, abdominal pain, rashes, increased heart rate, and
enlarged lymph nodes. In severe cases, hepatitis, rapid kidney deterioration, liver failure,
or pulmonary failure may occur.
The fatality rate of CCHF ranges from 10% to 40%. Typically, deaths occur during the
second week of illness, emphasizing the seriousness of the disease.
Duration and Vaccine Availability
The illness caused by CCHF typically lasts for approximately two weeks. Patients who
recover generally exhibit signs of improvement after nine to ten days. Unfortunately,
there is currently no known vaccine available for CCHF. Treatment primarily focuses on
symptom management, including fluid balance monitoring, oxygenation, hemodynamic
support, and correcting electrolyte abnormalities.
Risk of Pholcodine
The drug regulatory authority of India is issuing a warning regarding the cautious use of
cough and cold remedies containing Pholcodine.
Allergic Reactions and Global Alert
The World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned regulators worldwide about the
potential dangers of Pholcodine use. The primary concern highlighted by the WHO is the
possibility of life-threatening allergic reactions in individuals using these medications. This
alert emphasizes the importance of closely monitoring and addressing the associated
risks.
Withdrawals from Markets
Several countries have already taken regulatory actions regarding Pholcodine-containing
preparations. Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has withdrawn both
prescription and over-the-counter medications containing Pholcodine from their markets.
Similarly, the United Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
(MHRA) has also taken steps to remove these preparations from circulation. Malaysia’s
National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) is another regulatory body that has
withdrawn Pholcodine-containing preparations.
Function and Usage of Pholcodine
Pholcodine serves as an opioid cough suppressant commonly found in cough
medications. It works by mildly sedating patients and effectively suppressing dry coughs.
The function of Pholcodine is to provide relief from persistent coughing symptoms.
What is PBW RS1?
Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) has developed a new wheat variety known as PBW
RS1.
PBW RS1: The Wheat Variety with Health Advantages
PBW RS1, the result of PAU’s dedicated efforts, is making waves in the agricultural world.
This wheat variety stands out for its ability to release glucose more slowly into the
bloodstream. By avoiding an immediate and rapid rise in glucose levels, PBW RS1 provides
potential health benefits, particularly for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases.
Resistant Starch and Amylose Content
PBW RS1 possesses a remarkable resistant starch content of 30.3%, significantly higher
than the 7.5-10% found in other wheat varieties. This higher resistant starch content
indicates that glucose is released more slowly, ensuring better control over blood sugar
levels. Moreover, PBW RS1 exhibits an impressive amylose content of 56.63%, surpassing
the 21-22% found in other wheat varieties. These characteristics make PBW RS1 a
promising dietary option for individuals concerned about their glycemic response.
Potential Benefits for Diet-Related Diseases
Consuming PBW RS1 may hold potential benefits for diet-related diseases, such as obesity
and type 2 diabetes. The slower digestion of the resistant starch, combined with the
increased amylose content, contributes to lower glycemic index values and enhanced
satiety. With PBW RS1, individuals can experience a feeling of fullness with fewer chapatis
or biscuits made from this wheat variety.
Contributing Department and Research Team
The success of PBW RS1 is the result of a decade-long effort led by the Department of
Plant Breeding and Genetics at PAU. Their dedication and expertise in wheat breeding
have culminated in the development of this innovative variety that prioritizes both
nutritional quality and taste.
Challenges in Cultivation
Despite its numerous advantages, PBW RS1 presents a challenge for farmers in terms of
productivity. The average grain yield recorded in PAU’s field trials for PBW RS1 is 43.18
quintals per hectare, slightly below the average yield of 48 quintals in Punjab. Farmers are
accustomed to higher yields, making the adoption of PBW RS1 a careful consideration.
Additional Advantages for Food Processors
Beyond its nutritional attributes, PBW RS1 offers benefits to bakers and food processors.
Products made from its flour, such as chapatis and biscuits, retain the taste and texture of
those made from normal wheat. Moreover, the increased total dietary fiber resulting from
the higher amylose and resistant starch content allows for the production of fiber-rich
products without the need for additional additives.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Peru has recently declared a state of national emergency in response to a significant
increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases. GBS is a rare neurological disorder in
which the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to
potential paralysis. This alarming increase in cases necessitated immediate action to
safeguard public health.
Duration of the Sanitary Emergency
Peru’s state of national emergency for GBS lasts for a period of 90 days. This timeframe
allows authorities to implement and execute measures to control the spread of the
syndrome, mitigate its impact, and protect the well-being of the population.
Reported Cases Across Departments
At least 18 departments in Peru have reported one or more cases of Guillain-Barré
syndrome. This widespread occurrence underscores the urgency of the situation and the
need for a coordinated response to address the syndrome’s impact on public health.
Concerns for Health Services
The surge in GBS cases has raised concerns about the strain it places on health services.
The increased caseload negatively affects the continuity of healthcare services due to
insufficient resources to handle the volume and complexity of cases. This strain on the
healthcare system necessitates proactive measures to ensure adequate care for affected
individuals.
Allocated Budget and Action Plan
Peru has outlined an action plan to address the surge in GBS cases, accompanied by a
budget of 12.12 million soles. The plan aims to enhance patient care in healthcare
facilities, reinforce case control measures, and develop informative materials for the
population and health personnel. This allocation underscores the commitment to
combatting the syndrome and mitigating its impact on public health.
Challenges and Therapy Options
While there is no known cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome, various therapies can help
alleviate its severity and expedite recovery. Treatment focuses on managing the
complications associated with the syndrome. Prompt diagnosis, proper medical
interventions, and supportive care contribute to improved outcomes for affected
individuals.
Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023
India has achieved a significant milestone in poverty reduction, with a remarkable number
of people moving out of poverty within just 15 years. The latest update of the global
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) released by the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)
sheds light on this extraordinary achievement.
415 Million People Lifted Out of Poverty
In a span of 15 years, a staggering 415 million people in India have escaped the clutches of
poverty. This achievement highlights the tremendous progress the country has made in
improving the living conditions of its citizens.
25 Countries Halved Their MPI Values
India is not alone in its success. The report reveals that 25 countries, including Cambodia,
Peru, and Nigeria, have successfully halved their global MPI values within the same 15-
year period. This demonstrates that rapid progress in poverty reduction is attainable and
serves as an inspiration for other nations.
India’s Journey: From High Poverty Incidence to Impressive Decline
In 2005/2006, India faced a poverty incidence of 55.1%. During this time, approximately
645 million people were living in poverty. However, through concerted efforts and
effective policies, India has witnessed a significant decline in poverty rates. The latest
figures show that the poverty incidence has dropped to 16.4% in 2019/2021. This
demonstrates a substantial improvement in the living conditions of millions of individuals
and families.
Children and Rural Areas: Key Factors in Poverty Reduction
Children under the age of 18 play a crucial role in poverty statistics, accounting for half of
the MPI-poor people. This highlights the importance of addressing child poverty through
comprehensive programs that ensure their well-being, education, and access to essential
services.
Furthermore, poverty predominantly affects rural areas, with 84% of the country’s poor
residing in these regions. It underscores the significance of implementing targeted
measures to uplift rural communities and bridge the urban-rural divide.
The Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Holistic Approach
The MPI goes beyond monetary measures of poverty and assesses poverty in various
aspects of daily life. It takes into account education, health, living standards, and access to
basic necessities. This comprehensive approach provides a more nuanced understanding
of poverty and enables policymakers to formulate targeted strategies.
EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework
The European Union has given its approval for a new data deal with the United States,
marking an important milestone for tech giants like Facebook and Google. This decision
comes after three years of uncertainty caused by the invalidation of the previous data
agreement, Privacy Shield, by the EU’s top court.
Recognition of Adequate Data Protection
The European Commission has formally recognized the U.S. as a country providing
sufficient protection for Europeans’ personal data. This recognition, known as an
adequacy decision, is made under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – a
landmark privacy law.
EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework
The new deal, known as the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, paves the way for lucrative
transatlantic data exchanges. It addresses the concerns raised by the previous
agreement’s invalidation, which centered around the extensive access of U.S. intelligence
agencies to Europeans’ personal data.
Significance for Transatlantic Economic Activities
Transatlantic data flows play a crucial role in supporting economic activities, amounting to
an estimated $7.1 trillion. The approval of the new data deal is expected to strengthen
economic ties between the EU and the U.S., benefiting businesses and individuals on both
sides of the Atlantic.
Ongoing Scrutiny and Review Mechanism
The European Commission will review the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework within a year
and subsequently every four years. This periodic assessment aims to ensure the
effectiveness of privacy safeguards provided by the U.S. for European citizens.
Continued Debate and Opposition
While the deal has gained formal backing from the majority of EU countries, it still faces
opposition from the European Parliament. Critics argue that the new pact allows some
bulk-collection of personal data and lacks sufficient privacy protections.

Balancing Surveillance and Privacy
The new framework requires U.S. intelligence agencies to balance factors that align with
the case law of the EU Court of Justice when accessing data. This emphasizes the need for
surveillance practices to be proportionate and necessary for national security.
Draft of Comprehensive Guidelines for Exhibition of Public Service Awareness (PSA) Films
The Information & Broadcasting Ministry has recently released a draft of comprehensive
guidelines for the exhibition of Public Service Awareness (PSA) films produced by the
Central Government in cinema theatres. The aim of these guidelines is to streamline the
screening of PSA films and ensure maximum viewership during prime screen time.
Rationalizing the Screening of PSA Films
The draft guidelines intend to rationalize the screening process of PSA films in cinema
theatres. Stakeholders have been invited to provide their suggestions and comments on
the proposal, with the deadline for submissions set for July 22.
Exemption from Certification
PSA films, which are produced by central ministries, departments, public sector
undertakings, and autonomous bodies, have been granted an exception from certification
under Section 9 of the Cinematograph Act. This recognition allows the films to be
exhibited in cinema theatres.
Change in Screening Duration
Previously, PSA films were screened for 15 to 20 minutes or 1/5th of the total film
duration. However, as of November 17, 2021, the screening duration has been reduced to
two minutes. The films are now expected to be screened for a period of 15 days or as per
the Ministry’s instructions, specifically during Prime Screen Time (PST).
Incorporating Government Films during PST
To ensure maximum viewership, government films, including PSA films, should be
exhibited during the PST period. Cinema exhibitors and digital cinema service providers
need to obtain an ‘Approved Film/PSA Film Exhibition Certificate’ for the issue or renewal
of their cinema licenses. This responsibility has now been transferred to the Central Board
of Film Certification (CBFC) from the Films Division.
Verification Mechanism and IT Portal
Cinema exhibitors will establish a verification mechanism to monitor the screening of PSA
films during the pre-show and interval periods. The CBFC will maintain ledger records of
distribution and retrieve logs through digital content providers. Additionally, the CBFC will
develop a comprehensive IT portal within one year for online distribution, compliance
monitoring, and certificate issuance.
Monitoring and Information Sharing
The CBFC may implement a monitoring mechanism for inspections and obtain detailed log
information from cinema exhibitors and other relevant parties on a state, union territory,
and theatre-wise basis. This information will be shared with the Information &
Broadcasting Ministry.
Candida auris
A new study has shed light on the presence of Candida auris, an emerging fungus that
poses a significant global health threat. The study, conducted by scientists from Delhi
University and McMaster University, has identified live cultures of Candida auris in the ear
canals of hospitalized stray dogs in the capital. This finding raises concerns about
potential transmission and the role of animals in the spread of this multidrug-resistant
fungus.
The Emergence of Candida Auris
Candida auris is a species of fungus that grows as yeast and causes candidiasis, a serious
infection in humans. It is often acquired in hospitals, primarily by patients with weakened
immune systems. Since its first reported appearance in 2009, Candida auris has become a
global concern due to its multidrug resistance, making treatment challenging. The World
Health Organization (WHO) has classified it as a critical priority group.
Study Findings
The study examined 87 dogs in the in-patient department of Delhi’s Sanjay Gandhi Animal
Care Centre. Remarkably, four dogs (4.5% of the sample) were found to have evidence of
Candida auris infection or colonization in their ear canals and on the surface of their skin.
This discovery is the first documented isolation of live Candida auris cultures from an
animal source.
Potential Transmission and Implications
While the study highlights the presence of Candida auris in dogs, the exact routes of
transmission and the clinical significance of transmission between dogs and humans
remain unclear. However, the study suggests that pets, including stray dogs, could act as
reservoirs for superbugs, potentially transmitting infections to humans. Further
investigations are required to fully understand the implications and modes of
transmission.
Challenges in Treatment and Identification
Candida auris strains have shown resistance to all three available classes of antifungals,
making treatment difficult. Moreover, the fungus is challenging to identify using standard
laboratory methods, leading to potential misidentification in labs without specific
technology. Misidentification can result in inappropriate management and outbreaks in
healthcare settings, highlighting the importance of accurate detection and treatment.
Broader Environmental Presence
Beyond hospitals, Candida auris has been isolated from various environments, including
the surface of stored apples, tidal marshes, hypersaline environments, and wastewater.
These findings suggest that the yeast can survive in diverse and harsh conditions, raising
concerns about its widespread presence and potential impact.
'Ama Odisha, Naveen Odisha' Scheme
The Odisha Cabinet recently approved the ‘Ama Odisha Nabin Odisha’ scheme, allocating
a budget of Rs 4,000 crore. The scheme aims to enhance rural infrastructure and preserve
the rich cultural heritage of the state, particularly the Jagannath culture.
Augmenting Rural Infrastructure
Under the ‘Ama Odisha Nabin Odisha’ scheme, Gram Panchayats have been empowered
to undertake various works worth up to Rs 10 lakh. This includes the preservation and
protection of local places of worship, historical sites, and other essential infrastructure
needs. The objective is to bridge the gap in education infrastructure, provide internet
connectivity, establish playgrounds, science parks, and training facilities. The scheme also
aims to develop work hubs, skill centers, and banking facilities to support rural
entrepreneurs, with a special focus on women.
Promoting the Jagannath Culture
Odisha has a rich cultural heritage rooted in the Jagannath culture, which encompasses
universal love, service, and equality, transcending caste and community. The ‘Ama Odisha
Nabin Odisha’ scheme seeks to preserve and protect this cultural heritage, ensuring its
continuity for future generations. It recognizes the significance of local places of worship,
historical sites, and the promotion of the Jagannath tradition. The scheme aligns with
Odisha’s commitment to preserving its cultural identity and showcasing it to the world.
Implementation through Panchayati Raj Institutions
At the grassroots level, the implementation of the ‘Ama Odisha Nabin Odisha’ scheme will
be carried out by the Panchayati Raj Institutions. These institutions will play a pivotal role
in executing the various works identified under the scheme. Their involvement ensures
community participation, local governance, and effective utilization of resources, making
the scheme more inclusive and impactful.
Navantia and L&T Collaborate for Indian Navy's P75 (I) Submarine Program Bid
Spain’s Navantia and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) have entered into a Teaming Agreement (TA)
for the Indian Navy’s prestigious P75 (India) submarine program. The signing of the
agreement took place in the presence of SN Subrahmanyan, CEO & MD of L&T, and
Augustin Alvarez Blanco, Naval Construction Vice President and Member of the Board at
Navantia. This collaboration marks an important milestone in India’s defense acquisition.
The Value of the P75 (I) Submarine Program
The P75 (I) submarine program is of great significance, with a value of over Euro 4.8
billion. Under this program, the aim is to deliver six conventional submarines equipped
with Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) while emphasizing the achievement of targeted
Indigenous Content. The project is the largest defense acquisition initiative undertaken by
India and is set to strengthen the country’s naval capabilities.
Strategic Partnership Model
The P75 (I) program falls under the ambit of the Strategic Partnership (SP) model, which is
the Ministry of Defence’s preferred method for defense acquisitions. This model ensures a
structured and streamlined approach to procurement and promotes collaboration
between Indian companies and foreign collaborators.
Designing the P75 (I) Submarines
Navantia, renowned for its expertise in naval construction, will be responsible for the
design of the P75 (I) submarines. The submarines will be based on Navantia’s S80 class,
which has already proven its capabilities with the launch of the first submarine in 2021.
Navantia has an extensive track record, including the design and construction of the
Scorpene class of submarines in collaboration with DCNS (Now Naval Group) of France.
Navantia’s Advanced AIP Solution
One of the key features of the P75 (I) program is the integration of an advanced Air-
Independent Propulsion (AIP) system. The AIP solution developed by Navantia, known as
the 3rd Generation AIP solution, is recognized as the foremost advanced and effective
system globally. This innovative solution utilizes bioethanol as a hydrogen source,
providing several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, easy accessibility, and the
elimination of requirements for specialized infrastructure. The system’s high density of
hydrogen in ethanol improves its efficiency, and the wide availability of ethanol enables
easy refueling worldwide.
Seeking Collaboration in Other Areas
Apart from the submarine program, L&T and Navantia are exploring opportunities for
collaboration in other military programs. Additionally, they are keen to cooperate in green
energy initiatives, including offshore wind projects, through Navantia’s Seanergies
division. This partnership signifies the mutual interest of both companies in expanding
their cooperation beyond the submarine program.
Osteo HRNet
Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati have developed an AI-
based framework called Osteo HRNet. This framework aims to revolutionize the
assessment of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) severity through the automatic analysis of X-ray
images.
Addressing a prevalent condition
Knee osteoarthritis affects a significant portion of the population in India, with a
prevalence rate of 28 percent. The condition poses challenges as there is no known cure,
except for total joint replacement in advanced stages. Early diagnosis becomes crucial for
effective pain management and corrective measures.
Overcoming limitations of traditional methods
While MRI and CT scans offer a 3D view of knee joints for accurate diagnosis, their limited
availability and high cost hinder their widespread use. X-ray imaging, on the other hand,
emerges as a more economically feasible option for routine diagnosis.
Introducing the Osteo HRNet framework
The Osteo HRNet framework developed by the researchers at IIT Guwahati utilizes deep
learning techniques to assess the severity of Knee OA. It incorporates the Kellgren and
Lawrence (KL) grading scale, a widely accepted standard for classifying the disease
severity. The framework harnesses the power of the High-Resolution Network (HRNet) to
capture multi-scale features of knee X-rays, enhancing the accuracy of the analysis.
Advancing diagnosis and treatment
The Osteo HRNet framework is poised to bring about significant advancements in
diagnosing Knee OA. By automatically assessing the severity level of the disease, medical
practitioners can make more informed decisions remotely, leading to more accurate
diagnoses and tailored treatment plans. The framework’s ability to pinpoint the medically
crucial areas further enhances its utility.
Future prospects
The researchers are committed to further refining the AI-based model to accommodate
inexpensive radiographic modalities, such as low-resolution images or photos captured
using smartphones. This would enable efficient deployment of the model in resource-
constrained environments, empowering medical professionals to obtain initial and
accurate diagnoses. The potential of this work extends to addressing the shortage of
skilled personnel, particularly in rural India.
July 12, 2023

Quality Control Orders for ‘Potable Water Bottles’ and ‘Flame-Producing Lighter’
The Indian government has taken a significant step towards enhancing the quality and
safety standards of consumer products with the recent notification of new quality control
orders (QCOs). These QCOs, covering potable water bottles and flame producing lighters,
aim to strengthen the quality ecosystem in India and prioritize public health and safety.
QCOs Coverage and Certifications
The QCO pertaining to potable water bottles requires compulsory certification according
to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) for the manufacturing and importation processes.
The certifications will apply to potable water bottles made of copper, stainless steel, or
aluminum. By introducing these certifications, the government aims to ensure the safety
and quality of water bottles consumed by the public.
In the case of flame producing lighters, the QCO mandates compulsory certification under
IS standards for both “Safety Specification for Lighters” and “Safety Specifications for
Utility Lighters.” This regulation applies to flame lighters manufactured for the domestic
market or imported into India. The objective is to enhance safety measures associated
with lighters and prevent any potential hazards.
Relaxations for Micro and Small Industries
Recognizing the importance of supporting domestic micro and small industries, the
government has provided relaxations in the timeline for implementing the QCOs. This
step ensures that these industries can adapt to the new requirements effectively while
fostering an environment conducive to ease of doing business.
Penalties for Violation
To enforce compliance, the violation of QCO provisions falls under the purview of the
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Act, 2016. Violators can face penalties, including
imprisonment of up to two years or a minimum fine of Rs 2 lakh for the first offense.
Subsequent offenses can result in a higher fine, extending up to ten times the value of the
goods or articles.
Telangana Eunuchs Act
The Telangana High Court recently made a significant ruling on July 6, striking down the
Telangana Eunuchs Act of 1919. The court found the Act to be unconstitutional, infringing
upon the rights of transgender individuals and undermining their equality, privacy, and
dignity.
Unconstitutional and Violating Transgender Rights
The Telangana High Court cited multiple constitutional violations in their decision to
declare the Telangana Eunuchs Act unconstitutional. Specifically, the Act was found to
contravene Article 14, which guarantees the right to equality, and Article 21, which
protects the right to privacy and dignity. By imposing mandatory registration
requirements on eunuchs and imposing restrictive measures on their attire and activities,
the Act impinged upon their fundamental rights.
Origins and Provisions of the Telangana Eunuchs Act
Originally known as the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana Area) Eunuchs Act, the legislation was
enacted in 1919 within the Hyderabad Nizam’s dominions. It primarily targeted individuals
defined as “eunuchs,” encompassing those who self-identified as impotent or displayed
impotence on medical inspection. The Act compelled eunuchs to register with authorities
and provided provisions for their monitoring.
Transgender Activists’ Contentions
Activists challenging the Act argued that it perpetuated discrimination against the
transgender community and relied on IPC Section 377, which criminalized homosexuality.
With the Supreme Court’s landmark decision to read down Section 377 in 2018, the Act’s
reference to unnatural offenses became outdated and inconsistent with evolving societal
norms.
V.Vasanta Mogli vs. The State of Telangana
The Telangana High Court consolidated three related public interest litigations (PILs) into
one case known as V. Vasanta Mogli vs. The State of Telangana. The initial PIL filed by
transgender activist Vyjayanti Vasanta Mogli and others challenged the Act’s
constitutionality and stigmatization of the eunuch and transgender community.
Comprehensive Policy and Transgender Welfare Boards
The second petition urged the Telangana Government to formulate a comprehensive
policy safeguarding transgender people’s rights. This policy sought to ensure reservations
in education and employment opportunities while advocating for the establishment of
Transgender Welfare Boards, mirroring similar bodies in other states.
State’s Responsibility and Aasara Pension Scheme
Addressing the plight of transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, the third
petition focused on securing welfare benefits and access to healthcare facilities. In
response, the Telangana High Court directed the state government to provide pensions
under the Aasara Pension Scheme to eligible transgender individuals, recognizing their
vulnerability and disadvantaged status.
Role of Telangana State Legal Services Authority
To ensure effective implementation of transgender rights, the court suggested involving
the Telangana State Legal Services Authority in the functioning of the State Welfare Board
for transgender persons. This collaborative approach would enhance oversight,

monitoring, and adherence to court directives and relevant schemes.
Indian Government Mandates Air-Conditioned Truck Cabins
The Indian government has taken a significant step towards improving working conditions
for truck drivers by issuing a draft notification mandating the installation of air-
conditioning systems in truck cabins. This move aims to address concerns related to driver
fatigue and enhance road safety.
Mandating Air-Conditioned Truck Cabins
The draft notification specifies that the installation of air-conditioning systems will be
mandatory for motor vehicles belonging to categories N2 and N3. Effective from January 1,
2025 onwards, this requirement aims to provide a comfortable working environment for
truck drivers during their long journeys.
Performance Testing and Stakeholder Input
The notification emphasizes that the cabin fitted with an air-conditioning system must
undergo performance testing as per the IS 14618: 2022 standard. This ensures compliance
with the prescribed quality and safety standards.
The Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways has also invited comments and suggestions
from stakeholders for a period of 30 days from the date of notification. This inclusive
approach allows for the engagement of relevant parties to provide valuable insights and
contribute to the effective implementation of the mandate.
Addressing Driver Fatigue
The installation of air-conditioning systems in truck cabins aims to address the issue of
driver fatigue. Working in extreme heat conditions can have adverse effects on the well-
being and alertness of truck drivers. By providing a comfortable environment, the
mandate seeks to enhance driver focus and reduce the risks associated with fatigue-
related accidents.
India-Tanzania Defence Cooperation
During the recent visit of External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to Tanzania, significant
developments took place in the defence cooperation between India and Tanzania. These
engagements highlight India’s commitment to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s doctrine
of SAGAR (Security and Growth for all in the Region).
INS Trishul’s Visit and Joint EEZ Surveillance
As part of the visit, the guided missile frigate INS Trishul visited the ports of Zanzibar and
Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Notably, INS Trishul conducted India’s first-ever Joint Exclusive
Economic Zone (EEZ) surveillance with the Tanzanian Navy. This joint surveillance
strengthens maritime security and cooperation between the two countries.
India-Mozambique-Tanzania Trilateral Exercise
Last year witnessed the inaugural edition of the India-Mozambique-Tanzania Trilateral
Exercise (IMT TRILAT). This joint maritime exercise involved India, Mozambique, and
Tanzania. The Indian Navy actively participated in the exercise with INS Tarkash, a Chetak
helicopter, and MARCOS (Special forces). Such trilateral exercises enhance interoperability
and cooperation among the naval forces.

Growing Defence Cooperation
The defence cooperation between India and Tanzania has been expanding steadily.
Tanzania has emerged as a critical partner in India’s defence outreach and Indo-Pacific
Policy. This growing partnership signifies the deepening bond between the two nations.
High-level Visits
Defence Ministers of Tanzania have visited India twice in the last year. Dr. Stergomena
Tax’s visit included meetings with Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh and visits to various units
of Indian defence companies. Defence Minister Innocent Bashungwa attended the Aero
India show in Bengaluru during his second visit in 2023. These visits aim to enhance
mutual understanding and explore opportunities for collaboration.
Second Edition of JDCC
The second edition of the Joint Defence Cooperation Committee (JDCC) between India and
Tanzania concluded in Arusha, Tanzania. The discussions resulted in a comprehensive five-
year roadmap for defence cooperation. This roadmap covers various initiatives, including
customised training, capacity building, maritime cooperation, infrastructure building, and
collaboration in defence equipment and technology.
Future Prospects
The defence cooperation between India and Tanzania is expected to grow from strength
to strength in the coming years. Given Tanzania’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean
Region and its historical relationship with India, this partnership holds significant potential
for mutual benefit and regional security.
Most Reflective Exoplanet
Exploring the vast expanse of space has always been an intriguing endeavor for
astronomers and scientists alike. Over the years, numerous planets outside our Solar
System, known as exoplanets, have been discovered, each presenting its own set of
unique characteristics. Among these discoveries, one planet has captured the attention of
researchers due to its remarkable reflective properties: LTT9779b.
Reflectivity Beyond Expectations
LTT9779b stands out as the most reflective planet observed outside of our Solar System.
Reflectivity refers to the amount of light a planet reflects from its host star. Astonishingly,
LTT9779b reflects approximately 80% of the light it receives, making it remarkably shiny
compared to other exoplanets.
Unveiling the Mystery with Cheops
The observations of LTT9779b were made possible by the Cheops space telescope. This
space telescope played a crucial role in providing new insights into the enigmatic
properties of this distant world.
Comparable to Venus
In terms of reflectivity, LTT9779b can be compared to our very own Venus, the second
planet in our Solar System. Both planets possess a remarkably shiny appearance,
reflecting a significant portion of the light they receive.
A Recent Discovery
LTT9779b was first discovered in 2020. Since then, astronomers have been studying its
unique characteristics, striving to unravel the mysteries it holds.
The Swift Orbit of LTT9779b
One striking feature of LTT9779b is its swift orbit around its host star. It completes a full
orbit in just 19 hours, resulting in an incredibly short year on this distant planet.
The Scorching Side
The temperature on the side of LTT9779b facing its star reaches a scorching 2,000 degrees
Celsius. This extreme heat presents a fascinating challenge for researchers trying to
understand the planet’s atmospheric conditions.
The Puzzling Presence of Clouds
One puzzling aspect of LTT9779b is the presence of clouds. Given the scorching
temperatures, the formation of clouds was initially considered unlikely. However, the
discovery of these clouds has left scientists puzzled, as the prevailing understanding
suggests that the temperature is too hot for cloud formation.
The Bathroom Analogy
To explain this intriguing phenomenon, researchers have drawn an analogy to
condensation forming in a bathroom after a hot shower. Just as the steam in a bathroom
can create visible clouds, the presence of certain materials in LTT9779b’s atmosphere may
lead to cloud formation despite the extreme temperatures.
Metallic Cloud Formation
The oversaturation of metal and silicate materials in LTT9779b’s atmosphere is believed to
be the key factor contributing to the formation of metallic clouds. These clouds add to the
planet’s enigmatic nature, raising further questions about its composition and
atmospheric processes.
July 14, 2023
ASEAN Countries Conference on Traditional Medicines
The upcoming Conference on Traditional Medicines for ASEAN Countries is set to be a
significant event fostering cooperation and knowledge exchange between India and
ASEAN nations. The conference aims to bring together international delegates and
promote collaboration in the field of traditional medicines.
Ministry of Ayush Takes the Lead
The Conference on Traditional Medicines for ASEAN Countries is being hosted by the
Ministry of Ayush, emphasizing India’s commitment to promoting traditional healing
practices. Ayush, an independent ministry, has been at the forefront of elevating the
Ayush sector and establishing international collaborations.
Scheduled Date and Location
The conference will take place on July 20, 2023. The venue for this significant event is
Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi, a location that holds symbolic importance as the capital of
India.
Expected Physical Participants
A total of 75 participants are expected to attend the conference physically. These
delegates will include representatives from eight ASEAN countries. By gathering
professionals and experts from diverse backgrounds, the conference aims to facilitate the
exchange of best practices in traditional medicine.
Indian Mission to ASEAN
The Indian Mission to ASEAN is actively supporting the conference, further emphasizing
the government’s focus on bilateral partnerships and regional cooperation. By engaging
with ASEAN nations, India aims to create a platform for sharing knowledge and enhancing
collaboration in traditional medicine.
Act East Policy
During the 12th ASEAN India Summit in Myanmar, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
enunciated the “Act East Policy.” This policy initiative aims to strengthen India’s strategic
partnership with ASEAN nations, emphasizing the shared cultural, historical, and
civilizational links between them. The Conference on Traditional Medicines aligns with this
policy by fostering cooperation and mutual growth.
Op Southern Readiness 2023
INS Sunayna, an Indian naval ship, recently visited Seychelles as part of the multinational
maritime security exercise known as Op Southern Readiness 2023. This exercise,
conducted by the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), aimed to enhance cooperation and
counter piracy while ensuring the safety and freedom of navigation in the region.
INS Sunayna’s Visit to Seychelles
INS Sunayna embarked on its visit to Seychelles from July 10 to July 12, 2023. The primary
purpose of this visit was to participate in Op Southern Readiness 2023, a significant
exercise that brings together naval forces from various nations to strengthen multilateral
ties.
Multinational Maritime Security Exercise
Op Southern Readiness 2023 focuses on enhancing maritime security and countering
piracy. This exercise serves as a platform for participating countries to collaborate,
exchange knowledge, and develop strategies to ensure the safety and freedom of
navigation in the region.
Professional Interactions and Subject Matter Expert Exchanges
During the visit, naval personnel from participating countries engaged in a wide range of
professional interactions. Personnel from the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom,
Seychelles Defence Forces, Marine Police, and member nations of EUNAVFOR actively
participated in subject matter expert exchanges. These exchanges covered various topics,
including navigation, VBSS (Basic and Advanced training), Maritime Domain Awareness,
and mass casualty evacuation drills.
CMF Delegation from Bahrain
A notable event during INS Sunayna’s visit was the presence of a CMF delegation from
Bahrain. The delegation was headed by Cmde Oliver, the Commander of CTF56. Their
presence onboard allowed for firsthand observation of the training exercises conducted
by INS Sunayna.
Promoting Cultural Exchange: Yoga Session
In addition to the professional interactions, INS Sunayna organized a combined yoga
session onboard. Personnel from Seychelles Defence Forces and CMF, along with the
ship’s crew, participated in this session. This initiative aimed to foster cultural exchange
and camaraderie among the participants.
Rafale Marine Aircraft
During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Paris, significant proposals were put forth
by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). These proposals aimed to strengthen the Indian
Navy through the procurement of Rafale Marine fighter jets and Scorpene submarines.
Prime Minister Modi’s Visit Sets the Stage
As Prime Minister Narendra Modi embarked on his visit to Paris, the DAC convened a
crucial meeting to discuss and clear proposals for the acquisition of naval assets. The
proposal includes the purchase of 26 Rafale Marine fighter jets, reinforcing the Navy’s
aerial capabilities. Additionally, the force is set to acquire three Scorpene submarines,
which will bolster its underwater strength. These acquisitions signify a significant step
towards enhancing India’s maritime preparedness and strategic reach.
Leadership at the Helm
The DAC, responsible for clearing major capital procurements, operates under the
guidance of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. This apex body plays a crucial role in
ensuring transparency, efficiency, and strategic decision-making in defence acquisitions.
Acceptance of Necessity (AoN)
The first step in the defence procurement process is the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN).
The DAC has granted AoN for the procurement of 26 Rafale Marine fighter jets. This initial
approval lays the foundation for further negotiations with the French government to
determine pricing and other terms of purchase through an Inter-Governmental
Agreement (IGA).
French Excellence: Rafale Fighter Jets
Manufactured by France’s Dassault Aviation, the Rafale fighter jets are renowned for their
advanced capabilities. Equipped with cutting-edge weapon systems, such as Meteor
beyond visual range air-to-air missiles, Hammer air-to-surface smart weapon systems, and
Scalp cruise missiles, these aircraft provide a formidable edge to the Indian Navy.
Differentiating the Marine Version
The Rafale Marine fighter jets are specifically designed for naval operations. Key
differences include foldable wings, a longer airframe suitable for carrier landings, and a
tail hook for arrested landing on carriers. These adaptations enable the aircraft to operate
effectively from aircraft carriers at sea.
Naval Aviation: MiG-29K
Currently, the Indian Navy operates the MiG-29K, a carrier-based multirole fighter aircraft,
from INS Vikramaditya. However, the need for additional deck-based fighters prompted
the proposals discussed during Prime Minister Modi’s visit. The procurement of Rafale
Marine aircraft will complement the existing fleet until the indigenous Twin Engine Deck-
Based Fighter (TEDBF) is developed.
France’s Rafale Legacy
France’s commitment to the Rafale aircraft is evident in its comprehensive orders. To date,
France has ordered a total of 192 Rafales, including those procured to compensate for
sales to other nations. These aircraft, which serve as a key component of France’s nuclear
deterrence, boast impressive operational hours and demonstrate their reliability and
advanced capabilities.
Millet-based Menu for Armed Forces
In a progressive move, the Ministry of Defence has taken a significant step towards
promoting healthy food practices among the defence personnel. The ministry has signed
a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India (FSSAI) to introduce a millet-based menu in the messes, canteens, and other food
outlets of the armed forces.
Training for Food Safety and Hygiene
The collaboration between the Ministry of Defence and FSSAI goes beyond menu
inclusion. It ensures the training of food handlers and chefs in the messes, canteens, and
other food outlets of the armed forces. This training aligns with the Food Safety and
Standards Act, 2006, and emphasizes the importance of food safety and hygiene in
catering to the dietary needs of the defence personnel.
Shared Commitment to Health and Well-being
The joint efforts between the Ministry of Defence and FSSAI signify a shared commitment
to the health and well-being of the armed forces. By enabling the personnel to maintain
strength and resilience, the collaboration serves the nation’s interests. Furthermore, it
extends to promoting nutritious diets among the families of armed forces personnel,
fostering healthier lifestyles in the community.
The Significance of Millets for Defence Personnel
According to the defence ministry, the inclusion of millets in the armed forces’ diet holds
great importance, considering the challenging terrains and varied climatic conditions
faced by the defence personnel. Millets, known for their nutritional value, contribute to a
well-balanced and diverse diet, supporting the physical demands and performance
requirements of the armed forces.
Promoting Healthy Recipes
To further reinforce the consumption of millets and highlight their health benefits, Union
Ministers unveiled a book titled ‘Healthy Recipes for Defence.’ Developed by FSSAI, the
book features a range of millet-based dishes. It will serve as a valuable resource for the
food outlets of the defence ministry, ensuring the availability of nutritious and delicious
meal options for the armed forces.
Low-energy Consuming Switchable Smart Windows
The Ministry of Science and Technology has unveiled a groundbreaking technique for
confining liquid crystals using hierarchical double networks of polymers. This innovative
method holds immense potential in the development of low-energy consumption on-
demand switchable smart windows.
Understanding Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs)
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are renowned for their ability to optimize
different functionalities in engineering and biomedical applications. These networks
combine rigid and soft networks, leading to enhanced mechanical, optical, and electrical
properties. Within this class of architectures, the focus has shifted towards hierarchical
double networks due to their synergistic combination of properties.
Realizing Double Networks: Light and Temperature
Researchers have taken hierarchical double networks to new heights by superimposing
them atop liquid crystals. This achievement is made possible by utilizing two distinct
stimuli: light and temperature. The first network is created through orientationally self-
assembled polymer networks driven by light. Simultaneously, the organogelation of the
second active component, triggered by temperature, forms the second network,
effectively trapping the first one.
The Power of a Well-Controlled Porous Hierarchical Network
The outcome of this technique is a meticulously controlled porous hierarchical network
that confines the liquid crystal while allowing for electrical switching between direction-
dependent states. The virtual surfaces created by the polymeric and gel nature of the
network govern the dynamics of the liquid crystal, leading to versatile functionality.
Advancing Privacy Windows with High Spatial Resolution
One of the remarkable applications of hierarchical physical networks is the realization of
low-energy consuming on-demand switchable privacy windows. These windows offer the
ability to switch between high and low haze states, achieving high spatial resolution
through present-day lithography techniques. With such windows, privacy can be easily
controlled while ensuring optimal energy consumption.
Future Prospects and Implications
The development of hierarchical double networks opens up new avenues for the
advancement of smart window technology. The technique’s ability to confine liquid
crystals, coupled with its electrical switching capabilities and efficient energy consumption,
holds promise for various fields, including architecture, automotive, and aerospace
industries. As researchers continue to explore and refine these networks, we can
anticipate further breakthroughs in the realm of smart windows and related applications.
Kaas Plateau
The Kaas Plateau, nestled in Maharashtra, has gained recognition for its unique
environmental characteristics and cultural significance. A recent study conducted by the
Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, sheds light on significant shifts in the Indian
Summer Monsoons, providing valuable insights into the region’s climatic past.
Exploring the Kaas Plateau
The Kaas Plateau, locally known as Kaas Pathar, is a captivating location situated in
Maharashtra. It earned its place in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in 2012, owing
to its natural beauty and biodiversity. Located approximately 140 km from Pune, the
plateau showcases a stunning floral carpet during August and September, attracting
nature enthusiasts from far and wide.
Understanding Monsoon Shifts
The study conducted by the ARI focused on sediments from a seasonal lake within the
Kaas Plateau. It revealed a significant shift in the Indian Summer Monsoons, indicating a
transition towards dry and stressed conditions with reduced rainfall. This shift occurred
during the Early-Mid-Holocene, approximately 8664 years ago, as indicated by the
sediment profile dating.
The Role of Agharkar Research Institute (ARI)
The ARI, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, along
with the National Centre for Earth Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, conducted an in-depth
analysis of the sediments to decipher the past climate of the Kaas Plateau. The study
involved dating sediment profiles that spanned 8000 years, offering insights into the
changing climatic signatures over time.
Late Holocene Observations
During the late Holocene, around 2827 years ago, the study revealed a decline in rainfall
and a weakened southwest monsoon. These findings indicate that the Kaas Plateau
experienced relatively reduced rainfall during this period. This understanding adds to our
knowledge of the region’s climatic history and its impact on the local environment.
Hero Asian Champions Trophy 2023
The Hero Asian Champions Trophy 2023, one of the most anticipated hockey tournaments,
is set to take place in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Recently, the prestigious trophy was unveiled
by Anurag Thakur, the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, in a grand ceremony held in
New Delhi. Alongside the trophy, Thakur also launched the ‘Pass the Ball Trophy Tour’
campaign, which aims to ignite excitement and passion among hockey fans across India.
Unveiling the Trophy and the Campaign
Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports unveiled the magnificent trophy for the Hero
Asian Champions Trophy 2023. The event also marked the launch of the ‘Pass the Ball
Trophy Tour’ campaign, which seeks to engage and inspire young athletes to dream of
representing Team India in the future. Thakur expressed his belief that India would make
history if it wins the tournament for the fourth time.
The Trophy Tour
The Hero Asian Champions Trophy will embark on a grand tour, visiting several cities
across India. From Delhi to Chennai, the trophy will journey through Chandigarh,
Guwahati, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ranchi, Bangalore, and Trivandrum. This extensive tour
aims to connect with hockey enthusiasts from different regions, creating a vibrant and
enthusiastic atmosphere ahead of the tournament.
The Participating Teams
The Hero Asian Champions Trophy 2023 will witness fierce competition between six top-
notch teams. India, Korea, Malaysia, Japan, Pakistan, and China will battle it out for the
coveted title.
The Trophy’s Symbolic Value
The Asian Champions Trophy, crafted by renowned trophy maker Sanjay Sharma, is a
symbol of excellence and victory. Constructed using a combination of brass, aluminum,
and copper, the trophy exhibits a unique flair. The intricate design and the use of precious
materials reflect the essence of the tournament and its significance in the field of hockey.
ATR Module of AuditOnline
In a significant move towards promoting transparency and accountability in Panchayat
audits, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) has launched the Action Taken Report (ATR)
Module of AuditOnline. This module, introduced through video conferencing at a virtual
event, aims to provide a structured approach to the audit process and ensure clarity on
the actions taken in response to audit findings.
Streamlining the Audit Process
The ATR Module of AuditOnline was launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj serves the
purpose of providing clarity on actions taken in response to audit findings. With this
system in place, the online audit process will be streamlined, ensuring greater
transparency and accountability at the grassroots level.
Impressive Audit Reports
Over the last two audit periods, the efforts of the states have borne fruit, with over
200,000 Audit Reports generated. This commendable achievement showcases the
commitment of the states and Panchayats towards financial management and
transparency. Moreover, with 256,795 registered Panchayats, the scope of audits and
accountability has expanded significantly.
Documentation of Observations
The ATR Module aims to address the numerous observations made during audits. To date,
a staggering 2,103,058 observations have been documented, reflecting the comprehensive
nature of the audit process. This documentation ensures that the necessary actions are
taken to rectify any discrepancies and improve financial management practices.
PRI Audit Reports and Accountability
Approximately 80% of PRI Audit Reports have been generated for the audit period
2021-22, highlighting the commitment towards accountability. As per the operational
guidelines of the XV Finance Commission, starting from the fiscal year 2023-24, all tiers of
Panchayats must have audited accounts. The ATR module will play a crucial role in
ensuring holistic audits of all Panchayat accounts, meeting the criteria set by the
Commission for subsequent grants.
Future Outlook
Looking ahead, the ATR Module of AuditOnline holds immense potential in enhancing the
transparency and accountability of Panchayat accounts. By prioritizing the audit of all
Panchayat accounts, states and Union Territories (UTs) can meet the criteria of the
Fifteenth Finance Commission, enabling higher allocation of funds for Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRIs) and Rural Local Bodies (RLBs). Strengthening the District Level Financial
Advisors (DLFAs) and Audit Departments will be pivotal in achieving timely completion of
audit activities.
‘SAGAR SAMPARK’ Differential Global Navigation Satellite System
The Indian maritime sector is undergoing a significant digital transformation, bolstered by
the recent inauguration of the indigenously developed Differential Global Navigation
Satellite System (DGNSS). This state-of-the-art system, named ‘Sagar Sampark,’ is a crucial
component of the Digital India campaign, aimed at enhancing efficiency and efficacy in
marine operations.
Strengthening Digital Transformation
The primary purpose of the DGNSS system is to further strengthen the ongoing digital
transformation of the Indian maritime sector. By addressing the limitations of the GNSS,
the DGNSS system offers more accurate positioning information, enabling mariners to
navigate with increased precision and confidence.
Ministry Responsible
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways takes the lead in overseeing the
development and implementation of the DGNSS system. This ministry recognizes the
importance of technological advancements in the maritime sector and actively supports
initiatives aimed at enhancing navigation and safety.
Improving Navigation and Safety
The DGNSS system significantly enhances navigation safety by reducing the risk of
collisions, groundings, and accidents. By providing mariners with accurate information for
safe navigation, it ensures the smooth movement of vessels in port and harbor areas.
Fulfilling International Obligations
The DGNSS system aligns with the international obligations set by prominent
organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS), and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse
Authorities (IALA). The DGNSS system functions as a crucial radio navigation aid,
guaranteeing adherence to global benchmarks and regulations.
Enhanced Positioning Accuracy
With the implementation of the DGNSS system, positioning accuracy has significantly
improved. Mariners can now benefit from positioning accuracy within five meters for 100
Nautical Miles from Indian coastlines. This remarkable advancement aids in precise
navigation and reduces potential risks in the challenging maritime environment.
Michele Bullock
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) has recently witnessed a significant change in
leadership as Michele Bullock takes the helm as the first female head of the institution.
This historic appointment has generated great interest and marks a significant milestone
in the country’s financial sector. Additionally, the RBA is undergoing a major
reorganization following an independent review of its operations, reflecting a
commitment to enhancing efficiency and effectiveness.
Michele Bullock: Pioneering Change
Michele Bullock has made history by becoming the first woman to lead the Reserve Bank
in Australia. Appointed by Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers and Prime Minister Anthony,
Bullock’s extensive experience and expertise in finance make her well-suited for the role.
Previously serving as the Deputy Governor of the RBA, she has displayed exceptional
leadership and a deep understanding of monetary policy. Bullock’s appointment
highlights the RBA’s commitment to fostering diversity and inclusivity within its ranks.
Philip Lowe’s Tenure and Departure
Philip Lowe has been the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, holding the position
for several years. However, he will be stepping down from his role on September 17.
Lowe’s departure comes as a result of public backlash over the sharp increase in interest
rates, which occurred under his leadership. The decision not to reappoint him for a second
term was influenced by the need for renewed public trust and confidence in the RBA’s
policies.
Reorganization for Enhanced Efficiency
The RBA is currently undergoing a major reorganization following an independent review
of its operations. This review aimed to identify areas of improvement and streamline
processes to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. By implementing the
recommendations from the review, the RBA aims to align its operations with the changing
dynamics of the financial landscape. These changes will enable the RBA to better navigate
economic challenges and fulfill its role as the country’s central bank.
5-Year Work Visa For Indian Students Pursuing Masters In France
In a significant development, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced an extended
post study work visa for Indian students pursuing a master’s degree in France. The new
visa duration has been increased to five years, providing ample time for students to
explore job opportunities and gain valuable work experience in their field of study. This
announcement was made by Prime Minister Modi during his address to the Indian
community at La Seine Musicale in Paris, further strengthening the ties between India and
France.
The Purpose and Benefits of a Post Study Work Visa
A post study work visa, also known as the Graduate Route in some countries, serves
as a crucial bridge between education and professional life for international
students.
Its primary purpose is to allow students to remain in the host country after
completing their studies, providing them with the opportunity to gain practical
experience and apply their acquired knowledge in a real-world setting. This
experience not only enhances their employability but also contributes to their
personal and professional growth.
The extended post study work visa empowers Indian students to explore diverse
career options, establish networks, and develop a global perspective, thereby
boosting their job prospects and future prospects.
OVL Considers Resuming Operations in Block 20 in Iraq

In recent years, Iraq has solidified its position as a major supplier of crude oil to India,
strengthening bilateral ties between the two nations. The state-run company, ONGC
Videsh Ltd (OVL), is now considering the resumption of operations in its hydrocarbon
exploration block in Iraq, which has been under force majeure since 2003. This
development comes as India looks to expand its energy partnerships and explore
investment opportunities in Iraq’s oil and gas sector.
Iraq: A Major Crude Oil Supplier to India
Iraq has emerged as a significant supplier of crude oil to India in recent times. With its
abundant oil reserves and favorable trade relations, Iraq has become a vital source of
energy for India’s growing demands. In the fiscal year FY23, Iraq stood as the second-
largest exporter of crude oil to India, providing a total of 50.31 million tonnes worth $33.37
billion. This demonstrates the importance of Iraq’s oil supply to India’s energy security
and economic growth.
Resuming Operations: OVL’s Exploration Block in Iraq
ONGC Videsh Ltd’s hydrocarbon exploration block in Iraq, known as Block 20 (formerly
Block 8), has been under force majeure since 2003 due to security concerns. However,
there are now discussions about the possibility of resuming operations in the block. The
decision to resume operations will depend on several factors, including the security
situation and other aspects that require clarity. OVL’s potential return to the exploration
block indicates India’s commitment to expanding its energy investments and
strengthening ties with Iraq.
Exploring Investment Opportunities
During the India-Iraq Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) held last month, investment
opportunities in Iraq’s oil and gas sector were discussed. The JCM highlighted the mutual
desire to enhance cooperation and explore avenues for investment. India expressed its
readiness to invest in Iraq’s rehabilitation projects and emphasized the potential for
increased quantities of crude oil imports based on appropriate pricing regimes. These
discussions reflect India’s intent to deepen its energy engagement with Iraq and pave the
way for long-term collaboration.
LNG Terminal Plans and Future Prospects
India is also planning to construct a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in Iraq. The
terminal aims to harness Iraq’s gas resources by liquefying the currently flared gas and
transporting it to India for various sectors such as city gas distribution, power, fertilizer,
and steel. This venture not only contributes to energy diversification but also strengthens
the trade and economic cooperation between the two countries.
India Approves Amendments to Promote Mineral Exploration
On July 12, the Indian government approved amendments to the Mines and Minerals
(Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. These amendments aim to incentivize mineral
exploration and development in the country, with a specific focus on minerals such as
lithium, gold, silver, copper, and zinc. The changes mark the fifth amendment to the Act
since 2014, demonstrating India’s commitment to tapping into its mineral resources.
Boosting Lithium and Deep-Seated Minerals
One of the key outcomes of the amended Act is the boost expected in the exploration and
mining of lithium, which plays a crucial role in the electric vehicle (EV) era. Alongside
lithium, the government aims to encourage exploration of deep-seated minerals such as
gold, silver, copper, and zinc. These minerals hold significant economic and strategic
importance, and their exploration and extraction will contribute to India’s resource
independence and industrial growth.
Exploration License Through Auction
The amendments propose the granting of exploration licenses through auction for
reconnaissance and prospecting operations. Unlike the conventional practice of the
government defining exploration areas for auction, companies will now have the
opportunity to suggest areas they want to explore. This move encourages private sector
participation and enables companies to leverage their expertise and knowledge in
identifying potential mineral-rich regions.
Specified Minerals in the New Schedule
The amended Act includes a new schedule that specifies minerals eligible for exploration
and extraction. This includes copper, tellurium, selenium, lead, zinc, cadmium, indium,
gold, silver, diamond, rock phosphate, apatite, potash, and elements of the rare earth
group. The addition of these minerals in the schedule creates a transparent framework
and provides clarity to potential investors and exploration companies.
Promoting Private Sector Participation
The amendments aim to incentivize private sector participation in mineral exploration,
particularly in precious and critical minerals. Junior mining companies will have the
opportunity to secure exploration rights based on available baseline survey data. They can
then explore the designated area from the reconnaissance stage and progress towards
full-scale mining operations. The changes also allow companies to transfer mineral
concessions during the exploration period or upon the conclusion of exploration.
Attracting Global Investment
India’s mineral-rich potential is attracting attention on a global scale. Despite this, only 1%
of the global budget for mineral exploration is spent in India. The recent amendments,
along with their focus on precious and critical minerals, are expected to create an
enabling environment for increased investment. This will not only boost the country’s
mineral exploration activities but also contribute to job creation, technological
advancements, and sustainable economic growth.
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made history as the first Indian Prime Minister to
receive the prestigious Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, France’s highest civilian and
military honor. French President Emmanuel Macron conferred this esteemed award upon
Prime Minister Modi during a ceremony held at the Elysee Palace on July 13, 2023.
Prime Minister Modi Receives the Grand Cross
In a momentous occasion, Prime Minister Modi was bestowed with the Grand Cross of the
Legion of Honour, elevating his stature among international leaders. The honor
recognizes his significant contributions to promoting bilateral relations between India and
France and his commitment to upholding shared values.
An Esteemed Recognition
The Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour represents the highest level of distinction
bestowed by France. It is a symbol of exceptional merit and recognizes individuals who
have made remarkable contributions to society, diplomacy, arts, or the military. Prime
Minister Modi joins the ranks of prominent world leaders who have received this
prestigious award, including Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, and
Angela Merkel, former Chancellor of Germany.
The Legion of Honour
Established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802, the Legion of Honour is a distinguished order
divided into five classes. The ribbon of the Legion is red, and the badge features a five-
armed Maltese asterisk suspended on an oak and laurel wreath. While membership is
primarily reserved for French nationals, foreign nationals who have served France or
promoted its ideals may also receive this distinction.
Prime Minister Modi’s International Accolades
The Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour is one of several top international awards and
honors bestowed upon Prime Minister Modi. He has been recognized by various
countries, including Russia, Maldives, UAE, and Afghanistan, for his significant
contributions to strengthening bilateral ties and promoting peace, diplomacy, and
development.
July 17, 2023
Nomadic Elephant – 2023
The Indian Army contingent embarked on a significant journey to Mongolia to participate
in the 15th edition of the joint military exercise called ‘Nomadic Elephant 2023.’ This
annual training event serves as a platform for India and Mongolia to enhance their
military cooperation, foster bilateral relations, and strengthen regional security. The
exercise, scheduled to take place in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia from July 17-31, aims to focus
on counter-terrorism operations in mountainous terrain under a United Nations mandate.
Indian Army Contingent

The contingent from the Indian Army consists of 43 personnel who have embarked on a
mission to Mongolia. These dedicated soldiers represent the commitment of the Indian
Army towards promoting international cooperation and building positive military
relations.
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: The Host City
The exercise is set to take place in the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. Renowned for
its rich history and breathtaking landscapes, Ulaanbaatar provides an ideal backdrop for
the training activities conducted by the Indian and Mongolian troops. This location offers
diverse terrains that challenge soldiers to adapt their tactics and skills accordingly.
Counter-terrorism Operations and UN Mandate
The primary focus of the Nomadic Elephant 2023 exercise is to enhance the capabilities of
the participating troops in counter-terrorism operations. With a specific emphasis on
mountainous terrains, soldiers will receive comprehensive training to tackle complex
scenarios. The exercise operates under a United Nations mandate, further emphasizing
the commitment of both nations to global peace and security.
Participating Regiment
The Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army will be actively
participating in the Nomadic Elephant 2023 exercise. This regiment has a rich history and
expertise in operating in challenging terrains, making them valuable contributors to the
training activities.
Platoon Level Field Training Exercise
The exercise involves a platoon level Field Training Exercise (FTX). This level of training
allows for a focused and intensive approach, ensuring that participating troops can refine
their skills and techniques effectively.
Training Activities
During Nomadic Elephant 2023, Indian and Mongolian troops will engage in various
training activities to enhance their capabilities. The training program encompasses a
range of activities such as stamina building exercises, quick response shooting drills,
close-quarters combat simulations, strategic maneuvers in small groups, and specialized
training in rock climbing techniques. By learning from each other’s experiences, soldiers
from both sides will develop a deeper understanding of different operational strategies.
India – Indonesia Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD Dialogue)
The recently launched India – Indonesia Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) marks a
significant step towards strengthening cooperation and fostering a shared understanding
on global issues between the two nations. Unveiled during the G20 Finance Ministers and
Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) meeting, this platform offers a unique opportunity for
India and Indonesia to collaborate on economic and financial matters.
Enhancing Bilateral Relations
India’s Look East Policy, introduced in 1991, and subsequent Act East Policy have played
pivotal roles in facilitating the rapid development of bilateral relations between India and
Indonesia. In the ASEAN region, Indonesia has become India’s primary trading partner,
experiencing a remarkable eightfold surge in trade since 2005. The trade volume has
reached an impressive $38 billion in the fiscal year 2022-23.
Objectives of the Dialogue
The primary purpose of the India – Indonesia Economic and Financial Dialogue is to
strengthen cooperation and collaboration between the two nations. By bringing together
economic policymakers and financial regulators from both countries, the dialogue aims to
address macroeconomic challenges, assess global economic prospects, promote bilateral
investment relations, and facilitate cooperation on G20 and ASEAN matters. The dialogue
also recognizes the potential of the digital economy and highlights the scope for
collaboration in the field of fintech for financial inclusion.
Expected Outcomes
The EFD Dialogue is expected to enhance collaboration on various economic and financial
matters of mutual interest. By exchanging knowledge, best practices, and policy insights,
both countries can benefit from each other’s experiences. The dialogue provides a
platform for India and Indonesia, as fast-growing economies actively engaged in
multilateral organizations such as G20, WTO, and East Asia Summit, to learn from one
another and coordinate their policies effectively.
“Bhoomi Samman” 2023
The “Bhoomi Samman” 2023 is set to be presented by the President of India on 18th July
2023 at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi. This prestigious award ceremony aims to
acknowledge the outstanding performance of individuals and teams in the
implementation of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP).
Celebrating Excellence
A total of 9 State Secretaries and 68 District Collectors, along with their dedicated teams,
will receive the esteemed “Bhoomi Samman” in recognition of their exceptional
achievements. These individuals have excelled in achieving saturation of the core
components of the DILRMP, making significant contributions to the digitization and
computerization of land records.
Empowering DILRMP
The “Bhoomi Samman” Scheme primarily aims to acknowledge and encourage
outstanding performance in the implementation of the DILRMP. This program is
instrumental in modernizing land records and registration processes, streamlining
administrative procedures, and ensuring transparency and efficiency in governance.
Path to 100% Digitization
The Department of Land Resources has set an ambitious target of achieving 100%
saturation in the digitization of land records across all districts of the country by 31st
March 2024. The “Bhoomi Samman” serves as an inspiration and testament to the
dedicated efforts made by these individuals and teams in realizing this goal.
Platinum Grading for Excellence
Districts that successfully achieve 100% targets in the core components of the DILRMP
receive the prestigious Platinum Grading. This recognition signifies their exceptional
performance and commitment to embracing digital transformation and modernization in
the land records domain.
Building Trust and Partnership
The “Bhoomi Samman” Scheme exemplifies the principles of cooperative federalism and
trust between the central and state governments. The grading system for the awards is
based on the performance reports and inputs provided by the states and union territories,
fostering a strong partnership in the computerization and digitization of land records.
AI for India 2.0

The Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship has launched an innovative AI
training program called AI for India 2.0. This free online training program aims to equip
the youth with essential skills in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The launch of this program on
World Youth Skills’ Day (15th July) marks a significant step towards empowering the youth
and fostering technological advancement.
Collaboration for Skill Development
The AI for India 2.0 program is a joint initiative between Skill India and GUVI, an incubated
company of IIT Madras and IIM Ahmedabad. This collaboration brings together expertise
in skill development and technology to provide comprehensive training in AI.
Breaking Language Barriers
Recognizing the importance of inclusivity, the program has been curated in 9 Indian
languages. The goal is to ensure that language does not limit the access to knowledge
and skill development, especially for youth in rural areas.
Envisioning Accessibility and Inclusion
AI for India 2.0 initiative aims to reach every part of the country, ensuring that youth from
all backgrounds have the opportunity to acquire frontier skills in AI. By providing
technology courses in Indian languages, language barriers in technology education can be
dismantled, empowering the youth and future-proofing their skills.
Hwasong-18 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
North Korea recently conducted a missile test, unveiling its latest weapon, the
Hwasong-18. This intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) holds significance as it is the
first North Korean missile to utilize solid propellants.
Understanding ICBMs
ICBMs are long-range ballistic missiles with the capability to carry nuclear warheads.
Possessing a range of over 5,500 km, they are designed for intercontinental missions.
Eight countries, including North Korea, Russia, the United States, France, the United
Kingdom, China, India, and Israel, are documented to possess land-based ICBMs.
North Korea’s Motivation
The latest ICBM test by North Korea aimed to strengthen its self-defense capabilities and
deter potential military threats. The country’s state media emphasized the need to
safeguard regional peace and defend against hostile forces. This test is seen as a strategic
move to solidify North Korea’s position in the face of growing tensions.
Test Flight and Impact
The Hwasong-18 missile’s test flight lasted a remarkable 74 minutes, making it the
longest-ever recorded for a North Korean missile test. It landed approximately 250 km
west of Okushiri island in northern Japan. This trajectory heightened concerns and led to
emergency national security council meetings between South Korea and Japan,
emphasizing the need for closer cooperation with the United States.
The Goal of Denuclearization
South Korea, Japan, and the United States share a joint goal of achieving complete
denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula. The recent missile test by North Korea
underscores the urgency of addressing the escalating tensions and finding diplomatic
solutions to mitigate risks and maintain regional stability.
July 18, 2023
DGFT’s Advance Authorisation Scheme
In a bid to enhance trade facilitation and streamline processes for exporters, the
Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has introduced new measures under the
advance authorization scheme. This scheme aims to enable duty-free import of inputs for
export purposes, ultimately boosting India’s exports. Alongside this initiative, the DGFT
has developed a user-friendly and searchable database of ad-hoc norms fixed in previous
years, hosted on their official website.
Streamlining Eligibility with Sector-Specific Norms
Under the advance authorization scheme, the eligibility of inputs is determined by sector-
specific norms committees. These committees utilize input-output norms as the basis for
evaluating the eligibility of inputs. By aligning with industry-specific requirements, the
scheme ensures that exporters have access to the necessary inputs without unnecessary
burdens or delays.
A User-Friendly Norms Database
The DGFT has taken a step further to simplify the norms fixation process by creating a
comprehensive database. This database allows exporters and the public to search for ad-
hoc norms based on three key criteria:
1. Export or import item descriptions
1. Technical characteristics
1. Indian tariff classification codes
By providing easy access to information, exporters can swiftly determine the applicable
norms without approaching the norms committee.
Benefits of Trade Facilitation Measures
These trade facilitation measures introduced by DGFT yield several significant benefits:
Exporters experience shorter turnaround times, as they can swiftly access the norms
database and apply for the advance authorization scheme without approaching the
norms committee again.
This reduction in bureaucratic hurdles leads to improved ease of doing business and
enhances the overall efficiency of export processes.
By simplifying the norms fixation process, the measures reduce the compliance
burden on exporters, enabling them to focus more on their core business activities.
India’s Exports in June: Decline and Factors
Unfortunately, India witnessed a decline of 22% in its exports during June, attributed to
the global demand slowdown, particularly in western markets like the US and Europe. This
decline can be partially explained by the prevailing economic conditions and fluctuations
in international trade dynamics.
G20 Global Food Regulators Summit

Delhi is all set to host the Global Food Regulators Summit 2023, marking the first time this
prestigious event will take place in the Indian capital. The Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI) is at the helm of organizing this significant gathering. Scheduled
for July 20-21, 2023, the summit aims to bring together food regulators from over 40
countries and representatives from 30 international organizations.
A Platform for Collaboration and Exchange
The Global Food Regulators Summit 2023 will serve as a platform for food regulators from
various countries to come together, share knowledge, and exchange best practices. With
participation from over 40 countries, the summit promises to foster collaborative efforts in
enhancing food safety standards worldwide.
A Global Theme
The theme of the summit, “One Earth, One Family, One Future,” aligns perfectly with
India’s G20 Presidency. This theme highlights the importance of global unity and
cooperation in addressing the challenges and opportunities surrounding food safety.
Revolutionizing Food Safety Information Sharing
The summit will witness the launch of several groundbreaking initiatives aimed at
revolutionizing the accessibility and sharing of food safety information. One such initiative
is the release of Food-o-Copoeia, a comprehensive collection of food category-wise
monographs. This valuable resource will serve as a single-point reference for applicable
standards pertaining to specific product categories, facilitating streamlined regulatory
processes.
Introducing SaNGRAH: Empowering Global Food Regulatory Authorities
A noteworthy initiative that will be introduced at the summit is the SaNGRAH platform
(Safe food for Nations: Global Food Regulatory Authorities Handbook). This platform is set
to present an extensive database of Food Regulatory Authorities from 76 countries across
the globe, delivering valuable information regarding their responsibilities, food safety
systems, contact information, and details related to SPS/TBT/Codex/ WAHO. SaNGRAH will
be available in multiple languages, including Hindi, English, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil,
Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam.
Enhancing Information Accessibility: Common Digital Dashboard
The summit will also witness the launch of a Common Digital Dashboard, a unified IT
portal that will provide comprehensive information on food safety standards, regulations,
notifications, advisories, guidelines, contamination limits, and the latest developments by
Food Regulators in India. This digital platform will play a crucial role in disseminating
critical information to stakeholders, promoting transparency, and facilitating compliance
with food safety regulations.
CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal
The launch of the CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal by Union Minister Amit Shah brings hope to
the depositors associated with the Sahara Group. This portal aims to facilitate the process
of claiming their money back. With an allocation of up to Rs 5000 crore in the initial phase,
this initiative will provide much-needed relief to the depositors.

Assisting Sahara Group Depositors
The primary purpose of the CRCS-Sahara Refund Portal is to assist depositors who have
invested their money in Sahara Group’s cooperative societies. These societies include
Sahara Credit Cooperative Society Ltd., Saharayan Universal Multipurpose Society Ltd.,
Humara India Credit Cooperative Society Ltd., and Stars Multipurpose Cooperative Society
Ltd. By addressing the genuine claims of these depositors, the portal aims to ensure that
they can retrieve their legitimate dues.
Refund Amount and Claim Process
In the initial phase, a total of Rs 5000 crore will be disbursed through the refund portal.
Each depositor is eligible to claim a maximum amount of Rs 10,000 during this phase. To
make a successful claim, depositors must fulfill two conditions. Firstly, their Aadhaar
should be linked to their mobile numbers and bank accounts. Secondly, they need to
provide their deposit receipts and complete a designated form. Once the form is filled and
uploaded on the portal, the further processing of the refund will take place.
Timelines and Assurance
Depositors can expect their refunds to be deposited into their bank accounts within 45
days from the date of filing the claim on the portal. Amit Shah has expressed his
commitment to ensuring timely disbursement of funds. The launch of the CRCS-Sahara
Refund Portal serves as a stepping stone for addressing the concerns of depositors who
have placed their trust in Sahara Group’s cooperative societies.
Future Prospects
After the successful completion of the initial phase, subsequent actions will be taken to
resolve the issues of depositors who have larger amounts of money held in Sahara
Group’s cooperative societies. The entire refund process is conducted online, streamlining
the proceedings and expediting the disbursement of funds.
Oil 2023 (Analysis & forecast to 2028) Medium-term Market Report
The collaboration between the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Petroleum
Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) has resulted in the launch of the IEA Oil 2023 medium-
term market report. This report, titled “IEA Oil 2023 – Supply and demand dynamics to
2028,” sheds light on the evolving landscape of global oil demand and supply. By
examining the projected trends and key factors influencing the industry, the report
provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.
The Shift Towards Cleaner Energy Technologies
According to the report, global oil demand is expected to witness a slowdown, nearly
halting by 2028. This deceleration is primarily attributed to the accelerated adoption of
cleaner energy technologies, driven by energy security concerns. As the world embraces
sustainable alternatives, the demand growth for oil is projected to decline significantly.
Robust Demand from Petrochemical and Aviation Sectors
Despite the overall slowdown, the petrochemical and aviation sectors are expected to
contribute to robust oil demand. These sectors, driven by industrial and transportation
needs, continue to rely on oil for their operations. However, their growth alone is not
sufficient to offset the declining demand in other areas.
Decline in Oil Demand for Transport
The report highlights that the decline in oil consumption for transport is anticipated after
2026. Factors such as the expansion of electric vehicles, the growth of biofuels, and
improving fuel economy are leading to a reduction in oil dependency within the
transportation sector. This shift indicates a changing landscape in the way people
commute and transport goods.
Continued Growth in Oil Demand from China and India
Despite the global slowdown, the report suggests that countries like China and India will
continue to register growth in oil demand. These nations, experiencing economic
expansion and increasing urbanization, are expected to sustain their need for oil to
support their growing populations and industries.
Biofuels as an Alternative
Biofuels are projected to play a significant role in the future energy mix. The report
indicates that biofuels will contribute to 10% of new liquid fuel supply growth by 2028.
With Brazil, Indonesia, and India leading the way, the expansion of biofuels production
offers a sustainable and cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
Increased Global Supply Capacity
The report reveals that oil-producing countries outside the OPEC+ alliance, including the
United States, Brazil, and Guyana, dominate plans for increasing global supply capacity in
the medium term. These nations are expected to drive an estimated rise of 5.1 million
barrels per day (mb/d) by 2028. However, it is worth noting that this level of investment,
while meeting the forecasted demand, exceeds the requirements for a world moving
towards net-zero emissions.
3rd Edition of ‘Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2022’ for States/UTs
The recently released Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2022 report by NITI Aayog has
garnered significant attention as it provides valuable insights to empower state
governments in India. With the objective of assisting decision-making, identifying
strengths, addressing weaknesses, and fostering comprehensive growth, the report aims
to enhance the export potential of states and Union Territories (UTs) across the country.
Four Pillars of Analysis
The EPI 2022 report assesses the progress of states and UTs by considering four key
aspects: Policy, Business Environment, Export Infrastructure, and Export Achievement. By
examining these pillars, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the export
preparedness of each region.
Top Performers
The report highlights that Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Gujarat emerged as
the top-performing states in the Export Preparedness Index. These states have
demonstrated remarkable performance across all categories, reflecting their robust
export ecosystems and policies.
Empowering State Governments
The significance of the EPI report lies in its ability to empower state governments. It
encourages them to develop context-specific solutions to challenges, promote unique
products, invest in research and development, and explore new markets for exports. By
leveraging their comparative advantages, states can foster competitiveness in service and
agriculture exports, alongside manufacturing, paving the way for India’s economic
growth.
Contribution to Economic Growth and Productivity
The EPI report emphasizes the importance of exporting firms, noting that they are more
productive than domestic firms. Their presence stimulates the demand for skilled labor,
which positively impacts overall productivity, revenue, job quality, and industrial
infrastructure within a state. By focusing on enhancing export performance, states can
drive economic growth and elevate productivity levels.
Eunice Newton Foote
Eunice Newton Foote, an American scientist and advocate for women’s rights, made a
groundbreaking discovery in climate science by being the first to recognize and
understand the greenhouse effect and its impact on the Earth’s climate. Her 204th birth
anniversary was observed recently.
The Greenhouse Effect and John Tyndall
While many credit John Tyndall with the discovery of the greenhouse effect, it is important
to recognize Foote’s significant contributions. Tyndall’s experiments in the mid-19th
century revealed that certain gases can trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to a
warming effect. However, it was Foote who conducted similar experiments independently
and published her findings around the same time.
Foote’s Research and Findings
In 1856, Foote presented her work at the annual meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science. Her experiments involved studying the warming effect of
different gases, including oxygen, air, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Foote observed that
carbon dioxide had the highest warming effect among the gases she tested. This finding
was particularly significant, as it highlighted the role of carbon dioxide in regulating the
Earth’s temperature.
Foote’s Speculation on the Earth’s Temperature
Based on her experiments, Foote speculated about the potential impact of an atmosphere
rich in carbon dioxide on the Earth’s temperature. She suggested that if the atmosphere
contained a substantial amount of carbon dioxide, the Earth would experience a
significantly higher temperature. Foote’s foresight and understanding of the relationship
between greenhouse gases and global warming were remarkably ahead of her time.
Recognition and Advocacy
Foote’s work was presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Science
by Joseph Henry, further acknowledging her contributions to the field. However, Foote’s
impact extended beyond her scientific research. She was actively involved in the women’s
rights movement and participated in the first women-organized women’s rights

convention in 1848. Foote advocated for the universal right to vote and even signed the
Declaration of Sentiments, solidifying her commitment to gender equality.
Beyond Science: Foote’s Versatility
Foote’s interests and talents were not limited to scientific pursuits alone. Apart from her
research, she also engaged in other activities. Foote filed patents for various inventions,
including a thermostatically controlled cooking stove. This versatility and her ability to
excel in different domains demonstrate the breadth of her intellect and the scope of her
contributions.
Gambusia Fish Released in Andhra Pradesh's Water Bodies
The Andhra Pradesh government has recently taken a unique approach to combat
mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue by releasing Gambusia fish, commonly
known as mosquitofish, into the state’s water bodies. While this method has been
implemented with good intentions, concerns have been raised regarding its potential
impact on native species and the overall ecosystem.
The Release of Gambusia Fish
To address the alarming number of dengue cases in Andhra Pradesh, approximately 10
million Gambusia fish have been introduced into the state’s water bodies. Gambusia
affinis (G affinis), a fish native to the southeastern United States, has been selected due to
its ability to consume mosquito larvae, effectively controlling their population.
Concerns and Potential Harm
Despite the intended purpose, the release of Gambusia fish has raised concerns about
potential harm to native species in freshwater bodies. The invasive nature of Gambusia
fish poses a threat to the existing ecosystem, as they may outcompete and prey upon
native species. Studies have observed aggressive behavior in Gambusia fish, such as
eating the eggs of competing fishes and tadpoles of frogs. Furthermore, their adaptability
and high breeding capacity make them a formidable force in the environment, leading to
their classification as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature.
Alternative Approaches
While mosquitofish has been a part of malaria control programs in India for many years,
alternative approaches are being suggested by experts. A World Health Organization
publication warns against the release of exotic fish species into natural environments,
highlighting the potential negative effects on local species and aquatic animals. Instead,
experts recommend focusing on native fish species that naturally control mosquito larvae
and encouraging their release into the natural environment.
New Guidelines for the Designation of Senior Advocates in SC
The Supreme Court of India has recently released new guidelines regarding the
designation of senior advocates. These guidelines aim to streamline the process of
conferring the prestigious ‘senior advocate’ designation to practicing advocates. Led by
Justice SK Kaul, a three-judge bench delivered the ruling on May 12, 2023, which brought
forth significant changes to the existing guidelines.

Minimum Age Requirement and Committee Composition
Under the new guidelines, the minimum age requirement to apply for the ‘senior
advocate’ designation is set at 45 years. This age limit may be relaxed by the Committee,
Chief Justice of India, or a Supreme Court judge if they recommend an advocate’s name.
In contrast, the previous guidelines, including those from 2017, did not prescribe a specific
minimum age for designation.
The Committee for Designation of Senior Advocates, as outlined in the 2018 guidelines,
plays a crucial role in the process. According to the 2018 guidelines, the Committee
consists of two senior-most Supreme Court judges, the Attorney General of India, and a
member of the Bar nominated by the chair and other members. This composition ensures
a balanced evaluation of advocates’ qualifications for senior designation.
Publication Marks and Other Criteria
One significant change in the new guidelines pertains to the allocation of marks for
publications. Previously, 15 marks were set aside for publications, but the new guidelines
reduce it to 5 marks. The shift aims to align with the May 12 ruling, which emphasized the
need for a more holistic approach to assessing an advocate’s qualifications. The revised
guidelines now consider factors beyond academic articles, such as teaching assignments
in the field of law and guest lectures delivered in law schools and professional institutions
connected with law.
Changes Sought by the Central Government
The Central Government sought modifications to the 2017 order on the designation
guidelines for lawyers. They argued that the existing point-based system, which awarded
marks based on publications, personality, and suitability gauged through interviews, was
subjective and diluted the honor traditionally associated with the designation. The
government also highlighted concerns about the circulation of “bogus” and “sham”
journals that allowed individuals to publish articles without rigorous academic evaluation.
The Supreme Court’s Response
In its ruling on May 12, the Supreme Court upheld the interview criteria followed by High
Courts and the Supreme Court for designating lawyers as senior advocates. However, the
court reduced the weightage given to publications to 5 marks, considering the concerns
raised about the authenticity and quality of publications. The court also clarified that the
secret ballot voting method should only be used in exceptional circumstances, and
reasons for resorting to it should be recorded.
Namda Project
On World Youth Skills Day, the Minister of State for Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, flagged off the first batch of Namda Art
products for export. This initiative is part of the Namda Project, implemented under the
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).
Training Candidates in Namda Craft
Under the Namda Project, nearly 2,200 candidates from six districts of Kashmir, namely
Srinagar, Baramulla, Ganderbal, Bandipora, Budgam, and Anantnag, have received

training in the art of Namda craft. This project represents a significant milestone in
preserving the endangered craft and empowering local weavers and artisans.
Crafting Namda with Sheep Wool and Felting Technique
Namda craft involves creating rugs using sheep wool. Unlike the traditional weaving
process, the felting technique is employed to produce these intricate rugs. However, the
export of Namda craft had experienced a decline of almost 100 percent between 1998 and
2008 due to various challenges such as the low availability of raw materials, lack of skilled
manpower, and limited marketing techniques.
Public-Private Partnership for Skill Development
The Namda Project showcases the successful implementation of a public-private
partnership (PPP) model in skill development. Local industry partners, including Mir
Handicrafts and Srinagar Carpet Training and Market Centre, collaborated with the
government to train individuals in the art of Namda craft. This partnership highlights the
collective effort to revive the craft and attract investments for economic development in
the region.
Duration and Objectives of the Training Program
Each training program under the Namda Project lasts approximately three and a half
months. The project has been implemented in 25 batches across three cycles of training.
The primary objective of the project is to preserve and revive the rich heritage associated
with Namda craft in Kashmir. By equipping artisans with the necessary skills, the project
aims to improve their access to opportunities and enhance their employability prospects.
India-France Cooperation on Advance Aeronautical Technologies
India and France have embarked on a ground-breaking collaboration to advance
aeronautical technologies. This joint development aims to enhance the defense
capabilities of both countries, particularly in the areas of combat aircraft engines and
engines for the Indian Multi Role Helicopter (IMRH). The announcement was made during
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Paris, and it marks a significant milestone in the
defense partnership between the two nations.
GE Aerospace Agreement for F414 Engines
In a major development, General Electric (GE) Aerospace has signed an agreement with
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to produce F414 engines. These engines will be
utilized in the Indian Air Force’s Light Combat Aircraft Mk2 jets, and the agreement
includes an 80% technology transfer. The F414 engines boast a thrust of 98 kN, making
them a valuable addition to India’s defense capabilities.
Talks with Safran SA for AMCA Mk II Engines
India has been in discussions with Safran SA, a renowned French aircraft engine
manufacturer, for the development of engines for the AMCA Mk II. The AMCA (Advanced
Medium Combat Aircraft) is India’s futuristic fifth-generation fighter aircraft. The
discussions focus on achieving full technology transfer for the engines, as the AMCA
requires a thrust of 110 kN. This collaboration reflects India’s commitment to building a
self-reliant defense industrial base.

Industrial Cooperation for IMRH Program
Under the Indian Multi Role Helicopter (IMRH) program, France’s Safran Helicopter Engine
is playing a vital role in industrial cooperation. The collaboration aims to support the
motorization of heavy-lift helicopters. HAL and Safran Helicopter Engine have finalized a
shareholders’ agreement pertaining to the development of engines. This cooperation will
contribute to the revival and preservation of the indigenous Namda craft in Kashmir.
Future Prospects and Collaborations
The joint statement highlights the trust and commitment between India and France in
sharing and jointly developing critical defense components and technology building
blocks. It also emphasizes the success of previous collaborations, such as the transfer of
technology for the Shakti Engine, which powers helicopters built by HAL. Furthermore, the
delivery of 36 Rafale aircraft and the construction of Scorpene submarines are celebrated
as significant achievements in military aviation.
Exploring Ambitious Projects for Defense Cooperation
India and France are committed to pursuing more ambitious endeavors in order to
enhance the growth of the Indian submarine fleet. Collaboration between Garden Reach
Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE) and Naval Group France is underway to fulfill the
requirements of India and international naval forces. This collaboration in the field of
surface ships underscores the commitment to defense industrial cooperation.
India-UAE Agreement on Use of Local Currencies for Cross-Border Transactions
India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) with the aim of establishing a framework for trade settlement in their respective
national currencies and linking their fast payment systems. This development marks a
significant milestone in enhancing financial interactions between the two countries.
Promoting Local Currency Settlement System
The MoU, signed by Shaktikanta Das, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor, and
Khaled Mohamed Balama, the Central Bank of UAE (CBUAE) counterpart, seeks to
promote the use of the Indian Rupee (INR) and the UAE Dirham (AED) for cross-border
transactions. It establishes a Local Currency Settlement System (LCSS) that covers current
account transactions and permitted capital account transactions.
Benefits of Using Local Currencies
By utilizing local currencies for transactions, both countries aim to optimize transaction
costs and settlement time. This move is expected to promote investments and remittances
between India and the UAE. It also offers advantages to Indians residing in the UAE,
enabling them to conduct transactions more efficiently.
Linking Payments and Messaging Systems
The MoU also encompasses the linking of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) of India
with the Instant Payment Platform (IPP) of the UAE. Additionally, it facilitates the
connection of the respective Card Switches, namely RuPay switch and UAESWITCH. This
linkage allows for fast, convenient, safe, and cost-effective cross-border funds transfers
between users in both countries.

Progress Towards Trade Target
India and the UAE have set a target of $100 billion for bilateral trade. Encouragingly, the
trade volume has already reached $85 billion, showcasing the strong economic ties
between the two nations. The MoU on trade settlement and fast payment systems is
expected to further enhance trade cooperation and facilitate smoother financial
transactions.
First Users of the Local Currency Settlement System
Peekay Intermark Ltd. and YES BANK were the first users of the newly established LCSS.
They successfully settled a gold transaction worth Rs 12.84 crore for 25 kgs of gold,
marking a significant milestone in utilizing the system for commercial transactions.
What is Donanemab?
Alzheimer’s disease, a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, has long posed challenges
for medical professionals and researchers. However, recent developments have brought
hope with the approval of a new drug called Donanemab.
A Monoclonal Antibody for Alzheimer’s
Donanemab, a monoclonal antibody, has gained attention as a recently approved drug for
Alzheimer’s disease. Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific molecules in
the body, and in the case of Alzheimer’s, Donanemab specifically targets amyloid beta
protein plaques, which are considered a defining feature of the disease.
Slowing Cognitive Decline
Early Alzheimer’s patients who received Donanemab experienced a remarkable slowdown
in cognitive decline. Clinical trials revealed that Donanemab reduced cognitive decline by
35.1%. The effectiveness of the therapy is measured not only through cognitive decline
but also by assessing memory and motor skills, which are vital aspects of daily activities.
Adverse Effects and Considerations
While Donanemab shows promise, it is essential to consider the potential adverse effects
associated with drugs that clear out amyloid beta proteins. One notable adverse effect is
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), which may involve brain swelling or
bleeding. Approximately 24% of participants given Donanemab experienced ARIA-related
brain swelling. It is crucial to closely monitor and manage these adverse effects during
treatment.
Administration and Treatment Schedule
Donanemab’s administration requires an infusion every four weeks. This less frequent
schedule distinguishes it from another drug, Lecanemab, which requires infusions every
two weeks. The reduced frequency of infusions can alleviate the burden on patients and
reduce long-term treatment costs.
Investigating Other Modalities
While Donanemab has shown significant efficacy, it is important to acknowledge that
Alzheimer’s disease encompasses multiple mechanisms that necessitate exploring various
treatment modalities. Currently, researchers are focusing on investigating iron build-up
and oxidative stress in the brain, triggered by declining levels of the antioxidant
glutathione. This highlights the need for comprehensive research and alternative
approaches to address the complexity of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Importance of Diverse Treatment Approaches
Alzheimer’s disease demands a multifaceted approach to treatment. While Donanemab
represents a significant breakthrough, it is crucial to continue exploring other targets and
mechanisms involved in the disease. By diversifying treatment modalities, researchers can
develop more effective therapies that target different aspects of Alzheimer’s pathology.
Chachin Grazing Festival
The Chachin Grazing Festival recently took place in the Tawang region with great fervor
and enthusiasm. This two-day event held at Chachin brought together local graziers from
all over the region to celebrate their traditional occupation and honor their cultural
heritage.
Traditional Occupation and Livelihood
The Monpa lifestyle, deeply rooted in the region, revolves around nomadic herding. The
graziers depend on this primitive form of subsistence farming to sustain their livelihoods.
Throughout history, the Chachin and adjacent grazing regions in close proximity to Bumla
Pass have played a crucial role in supporting and sustaining the traditional way of life of
the local Monpa community.
Initiatives to Support Graziers
During the festival, several initiatives were undertaken to support the local graziers. A
medical camp was set up to provide essential healthcare services to the graziers, who
often reside in remote areas lacking access to urban medical facilities. Additionally, a
veterinary camp was organized to ensure the well-being of the yaks, the livestock of the
graziers. A lecture on animal health aimed to equip the graziers with knowledge for better
livestock care.
Significance of Grazing Grounds
The traditional grazing grounds hold immense significance in the Tawang region. Not only
do they provide a contemporary source of livelihood for the local community, but they
also represent a vital fragment of the Monpa historical heritage. These grounds have
witnessed generations of Monpa graziers herding their livestock through challenging
terrains and harsh weather conditions to reach their traditional grazing grounds.
Preserving Culture and Heritage
The grazing grounds, beyond their economic importance, represent a historical relic for
the graziers. They symbolize their cultural roots and emotional connection to their land.
The Chachin Grazing Festival serves as a platform to preserve and celebrate the rich
cultural heritage associated with the traditional occupation of graziers in the Tawang
region.
Madhya Pradesh’s 'CM Rise' Schools
The Madhya Pradesh government has taken a significant step towards improving the
quality of education by introducing an educational initiative called CM Rise Schools. The
announcement was made by Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan during his visit to
Shajapur district. This initiative aims to establish 9,000 CM Rise Schools across the state,
emphasizing the importance of accessible and quality education for all.
Honoring the Legacy of Babasaheb Ambedkar: Naming a CM Rise School
During the visit, Chief Minister Chouhan inaugurated a CM Rise School in Gulana village
and dedicated it to the esteemed jurist and social reformer, Babasaheb Ambedkar. This
gesture serves as a tribute to his invaluable contributions to society and his tireless efforts
in advocating for educational rights.
Reviving the School Chale Hum Campaign: Promoting Education and Enrollment
In conjunction with the inauguration, Chief Minister Chouhan relaunched the “School
Chale Hum” campaign, which was initially initiated 23 years ago under the prime
ministership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The campaign aims to promote education and
encourage increased school enrollment throughout the state. By reviving this campaign,
the government reaffirms its commitment to ensuring that every child has access to
education.
Smart Classes and Top-Notch Educational Resources: Delivering Quality Education
The CM Rise schools will prioritize the delivery of quality education by incorporating
“smart classes” into their curriculum. These innovative classrooms will provide students
with the opportunity to learn from experienced teachers from Delhi and Mumbai,
ensuring access to top-notch educational resources. Furthermore, the schools will be
equipped with modern labs, sports grounds, and other essential facilities, creating an
optimal learning environment for students.
Fostering Innovation and Creativity: Atal Tinkering Labs
To empower students and nurture their innovative potential, the government will
establish Atal Tinkering Labs in CM Rise schools. These labs will encourage students to
explore and develop their skills, fostering a spirit of innovation and creativity. By providing
such platforms, the government aims to instill an entrepreneurial mindset and prepare
students for the challenges of the future.
2nd Edition of National Multidimensional Poverty Index
In a significant achievement, India has witnessed a remarkable decline in
multidimensional poverty, lifting millions of people out of deprivation. The latest report by
NITI Aayog, titled ‘National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023,’
sheds light on India’s progress in reducing multidimensional poverty between 2015-16
and 2019-21.
Key Highlights of the Report
13.5 Crore People Escaped Multidimensional Poverty: During the aforementioned
period, a staggering 13.5 crore individuals in India successfully moved out of
multidimensional poverty, marking a significant positive shift in the country’s socio-
economic landscape.
9.89 Percentage Points Decline: India witnessed an impressive decline of 9.89
percentage points in multidimensional poverty, showcasing a substantial
improvement in the well-being and living conditions of its citizens.

Rural Areas Spearhead Poverty Reduction: Among different regions, rural areas
emerged as the frontrunners in the battle against poverty. The report highlights a
rapid decline in poverty from 32.59% to 19.28% in rural regions, showcasing the
effectiveness of targeted efforts in uplifting marginalized communities.
Uttar Pradesh Leads the Way: Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India,
registered the largest decline in the number of poor individuals. A remarkable 3.43
crore people in Uttar Pradesh successfully escaped multidimensional poverty,
demonstrating the effectiveness of government initiatives in reaching the most
vulnerable sections of society.
Extensive Coverage: The report covers a comprehensive analysis of poverty across
707 administrative districts, providing valuable insights into regional disparities and
progress in poverty reduction efforts.
Dimensions Considered: The National Multidimensional Poverty Index takes into
account three critical dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. These
dimensions provide a comprehensive assessment of poverty, reflecting the holistic
nature of development and well-being.
SDG-Aligned Indicators: To measure multidimensional poverty, the report utilizes
12 SDG-aligned indicators. These indicators encompass crucial aspects such as
nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, maternal health, years of schooling, school
attendance, access to amenities like cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water,
electricity, housing, assets, and bank accounts.
MPI Value: The MPI value for India between 2015-16 and 2019-21 witnessed a
significant decline from 0.117 to 0.066. This reduction demonstrates the country’s
substantial progress in improving living conditions and eradicating multidimensional
poverty.
Intensity of Poverty: During the same period, the intensity of poverty decreased
from 47% to 44%, highlighting the positive impact of government policies and
initiatives in reducing deprivation across multiple indicators.
Flagship Programs Contributing to Poverty Reduction: Government-led flagship
programs have played a pivotal role in alleviating deprivations and accelerating
poverty reduction. Initiatives such as Poshan Abhiyan, Anaemia Mukt Bharat, Swachh
Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Saubhagya,
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, and Samagra Shiksha
have significantly contributed to addressing key challenges and providing essential
resources to marginalized communities.
July 19, 2023
TCRM Matrix Framework
The NITI Aayog, a policy think tank of the Indian Government, recently unveiled a
groundbreaking framework called the Techno-Commercial Readiness and Market Maturity
Matrix (TCRM Matrix). This framework aims to transform technology assessment and
stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship across the country.
TCRM Matrix: Unveiling a New Paradigm
The TCRM Matrix framework serves a vital purpose in revolutionizing technology
assessment. By combining the core principles of existing frameworks, such as the
Technology Readiness Level (TRL), Commercialization Readiness Level (CRL), and Market
Readiness Level (MRL) scales, it offers stakeholders an integrated assessment model. This
model provides in-depth insights and actionable intelligence at every stage of the
technology development cycle.
Unlocking Potential: Who Benefits?
The TCRM Matrix framework empowers a wide range of stakeholders. Policymakers can
make informed decisions based on comprehensive analysis and contextualization within
the unique national and sectoral innovation landscapes. Strategists gain valuable
guidance to enhance technology commercialization prospects. Academicians can leverage
the framework to augment their research and teaching efforts, while investors can assess
the potential of technology-driven ventures more effectively.
Driving Innovation: Goals and Significance
The framework aims to propel India towards becoming a global leader in innovation. By
providing a robust assessment tool, it enables stakeholders across the nation to make
informed decisions, foster technological advancements, and drive meaningful change.
Tri-Services ‘Nari Sashaktikaran Women Motorcycle Rally’
In a remarkable tribute to commemorate 24 years of victory over Pakistan in the Kargil
War of 1999, the Indian Army launched the Tri-Services ‘Nari Sashaktikaran Women
Motorcycle Rally.’ This rally not only celebrates the historic triumph but also shines a light
on the indomitable spirit of women.
Launching the Rally: A Symbol of Strength
On 18th July 23, the all-women Motorcycle Rally was flagged off by General Manoj Pande,
the Chief of the Army Staff. The significance of this gesture reflects the acknowledgment
of women’s crucial role in the armed forces and their immense contribution to the nation.
Team Strength and Participants
The tri-services team participating in the Rally consists of 25 individuals who are ready to
take on this unique challenge. Among them, two Veer Naris, including one serving officer,
symbolize the valor and sacrifice displayed by the Armed Forces. Additionally, 10 serving
Indian Army Women officers, one woman officer each from the Indian Air Force and
Indian Navy, three women soldiers of the Indian Army, and eight Armed Forces spouses
comprise this inspiring team.
Strategic Partnership: Indian Army and TVS Motor Company
The Indian Army has partnered with TVS Motor Company, a renowned motorcycle
manufacturer, for this groundbreaking Rally. The participants will ride on TVS Ronin
motorcycles, showcasing the collaborative effort to empower women in various domains,
including the military.
The Journey Ahead: Distance and Destination
Covering an impressive total distance of approximately 1000 kilometers, the team
embarks on a challenging expedition. The route takes them through the plains of Haryana
and Punjab, as well as the treacherous high mountain passes of Jammu & Kashmir and
Ladakh. Their ultimate destination is the Kargil War Memorial in Dras, where they will pay
tribute to the brave soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice for the nation’s honor.
July 20, 2023
Festival of Libraries 2023
The Festival of Libraries 2023 is set to captivate bibliophiles and knowledge enthusiasts
alike. Held on August 5th and 6th, this event promises an immersive experience,
showcasing the diverse world of books, ideas, and cultural heritage. With free entry, the
Ministry of Culture aims to create an inclusive platform that fosters a love for reading,
celebrates libraries, and promotes intellectual exchange.
A Multitude of Activities
The Festival of Libraries 2023 offers an array of captivating activities that cater to different
interests and age groups. Attendees can indulge in thought-provoking exhibitions,
engaging book-author sessions, and enlightening workshops for children. These activities
serve as a testament to the festival’s commitment to nurturing curiosity and imagination.
Creating Community “Drawing Rooms”
The long-term vision of the Ministry of Culture is to transform libraries into vibrant
community spaces. By considering libraries as the “drawing rooms of community,” the
ministry aims to emphasize their role in fostering intellectual and social connections. The
festival serves as a stepping stone towards this goal, reinforcing the significance of
physical libraries in an increasingly digital age.
Four Captivating “Drawing Rooms”
At the Festival of Libraries 2023, participants will have the opportunity to explore four
unique zones, each offering a distinct experience. The book-author sessions zone will
enable visitors to interact with renowned authors, gaining insights into their creative
processes. In the digital displays zone, cutting-edge technology will bring books to life
through immersive digital experiences. The podcasts zone will feature captivating audio
narratives, showcasing the power of storytelling. Lastly, the Human Library Project will
present living books, allowing attendees to engage in meaningful conversations with
individuals from diverse backgrounds.
Enriching Experiences for Children
The festival recognizes the importance of nurturing a love for reading from an early age.
In the dedicated children’s zone, little ones will be captivated by storytelling sessions,
indulge in the art of origami, create their own zines, and embark on exciting read-along
adventures. These activities are designed to spark their imagination and instill a lifelong
passion for reading.
Celebrating Heritage and Knowledge
The significance of the Rampur Raza library, renowned for its Indo-Islamic cultural
heritage, will be highlighted during the festival. This year marks its 250th anniversary,
offering a momentous occasion to commemorate its rich history and contributions to
preserving cultural treasures.
Tankai Method
The Tankai method, also known as the stitched shipbuilding method, is a remarkable
2000-year-old technique of constructing ships by stitching wooden planks together. This
technique offers numerous advantages, such as flexibility and durability, making the ships
less susceptible to damage from shoals and sandbars.
The Tankai Method: An Ingenious Shipbuilding Technique
The Tankai method involves the intricate process of stitching wooden planks together
instead of relying on nails. This craftsmanship has survived for centuries in coastal regions
of India, particularly in the construction of small local fishing boats. The flexibility and
durability offered by this method have been instrumental in ensuring the longevity of
these vessels, even in challenging maritime conditions.
European Influence and the Need for Revival
With the arrival of European ships, there was a gradual shift in shipbuilding techniques,
leading to a decline in the practice of the Tankai method. However, recognizing the
cultural and historical significance of this traditional craftsmanship, the Ministry of Culture
and the Indian Navy have joined hands through an MoU to revive and preserve this
ancient shipbuilding technique.
Reviving Maritime Memory and Cultural Pride
The significance of the stitched ship project goes beyond its construction. It aims to revive
the collective maritime memory of India and instill a sense of pride in the nation’s rich
maritime heritage among its citizens. By preserving and showcasing the Tankai method,
the project serves as a testament to India’s seafaring traditions and the extraordinary
craftsmanship of its shipbuilders.
A Roadmap for the Future
The MoU sets forth a plan to construct an ocean-going wooden stitched sail ship,
honoring the ancient Tankai method. This remarkable undertaking aims to revive
traditional shipbuilding practices and promote cultural memories not only within India but
also among Indian Ocean littoral countries. The project seeks to create connections, foster
cultural exchange, and showcase the shared heritage of seafaring communities.
Benefiting Indian Ocean Littoral Countries
The project’s impact extends to Indian Ocean littoral countries, as it aims to promote
cultural memories and strengthen bonds among these nations. By reviving the Tankai
method, the project facilitates the celebration and preservation of shared seafaring
traditions, enhancing cultural understanding and cooperation.
25th Director General of Indian Coast Guard
DG Rakesh Pal has assumed the position of the 25th Director General of the Indian Coast
Guard (ICG), bringing along a vast reservoir of knowledge and proficiency.
Education and Early Career
DG Rakesh Pal received his education from the prestigious Indian Naval Academy, laying
the foundation for his future in the Indian Coast Guard. In January 1989, he joined the
Coast Guard, embarking on a journey dedicated to safeguarding India’s coastal areas and
maritime interests.
Specializations and Recognition
DG Rakesh Pal has undergone specialized training in Gunnery & Weapons Systems and
Electro-Optics Fire Control Solution. His dedication to honing his skills and knowledge has
earned him the recognition of being the First Gunner of the ICG, a testament to his
expertise in the field.
Key Appointments and Command
Throughout his distinguished career, DG Rakesh Pal has held several pivotal positions
within the Indian Coast Guard. Notable among them are his appointments as Commander
Coast Guard Region (North West), Deputy Director General (Policy & Plans), and Additional
Director General Coast Guard. These key roles highlight his leadership and strategic vision
in shaping the operations of the ICG.
Commanding ICG Ships
DG Rakesh Pal’s vast sea experience includes commanding various classes of ICG ships.
He has successfully led missions aboard ICGS Samarth, ICGS Vijit, ICGS Sucheta Kriplani,
ICGS Ahalyabai, and ICGS C-03. His command of these vessels demonstrates his ability to
navigate and manage complex maritime situations.
Accomplishments and Contributions
During his tenure, DG Rakesh Pal has achieved significant milestones in ensuring maritime
security and safety. These accomplishments include successful seizures of drugs and
narcotic substances, executing rescue operations amidst severe cyclonic storms,
conducting joint exercises with foreign coast guards, combating illegal poaching activities,
providing humanitarian assistance during calamities, and overseeing coastal security
exercises. His leadership and expertise have played a crucial role in safeguarding India’s
coastal regions.
Recognitions and Awards
DG Rakesh Pal’s illustrious service has been honored with prestigious awards. In 2013, he
was conferred with the Tatrakshak Medal, followed by the President Tatrakshak Medal in
2018. These accolades reflect his outstanding contributions and commitment to the Indian
Coast Guard.
NIF-India and Indian Genomix Collaboration on Eco-friendly Herbal Tech
NIF-India, the National Innovation Foundation, and Indian Genomix have joined forces in a
collaborative effort to scale up eco-friendly herbal technologies. The primary objectives of
this partnership are to control mastitis in dairy animals and improve the growth
performance of broiler chicks.
Collaborative Aim: Scaling up Indigenous Herbal Technologies
The technology transfer arrangement between NIF-India and Indian Genomix aims to
scale up indigenous herbal technologies for end users. By harnessing traditional

knowledge and sustainable practices, this collaboration seeks to address critical
challenges in livestock production.
Certification: W.H.O.G.M.P. Certification
Indian Genomix, a Hyderabad-based company partnering with NIF-India, holds the
prestigious W.H.O.G.M.P. certification. This certification ensures the quality assurance of
medicinal products, highlighting the commitment to delivering safe and effective
solutions.
Controlling Mastitis: The Bacterial Challenge
Mastitis, a prevalent ailment among dairy animals, is primarily caused by bacteria. Early
diagnosis, availability of onsite treatment, and drug resistance are the key challenges
faced by the Indian farming system in combating this debilitating condition.
Targeting Bacterial Organisms: Indigenous Herbal Formulation
The indigenous herbal formulation developed through this collaboration targets major
bacterial organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its
unique composition, evaluated for efficacy in clinical bacterial mastitis, offers a promising
solution to this persistent issue.
Improving Broiler Chick Growth: Positive Influence of Herbal Supplement
A remarkable herbal supplement derived from indigenous sources has shown a beneficial
impact on the growth performance of broiler chicks. This supplement enhances nutrient
absorption and improves the feed efficiency of the birds, resulting in higher body weight
gain.
Adding Value: Scientific Evidence and Patent Protection
NIF-India has played a pivotal role in adding value to the herbal knowledge practices.
Through scientific evidence and patent protection, NIF ensures the preservation and
recognition of traditional knowledge systems while facilitating their integration into
modern practices.
Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill, 2023
The state government in Rajasthan has introduced a landmark legislation called the
Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill, 2023. This progressive bill aims to provide
guaranteed wages or pensions to the entire adult population of the state.
Provision 1: Guaranteeing Minimum Income and Employment
Under the bill, every family in the state is entitled to guaranteed employment for 125 days
each year. This encompasses the flagship Indira Gandhi Shahri Rozgar Guarantee Yojana
for urban areas and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) for rural regions. Additionally, the bill ensures a minimum monthly pension of
Rs 1,000 for specific categories such as the aged, disabled, widows, and single women.
Provision 2: Three Broad Categories
The Rajasthan Minimum Guaranteed Income Bill encompasses three key categories: the
right to minimum guaranteed income, the right to guaranteed employment, and the right
to guaranteed social security pension. These provisions collectively aim to uplift the socio-
economic conditions of the people of Rajasthan.

Provision 3: Sustainable Financial Plan
To implement this comprehensive social welfare scheme, the government has estimated
an additional expenditure of Rs 2,500 crore annually. However, the financial allocation may
increase over time to cater to the expanding coverage and evolving needs of the
population.
Implementation: Program Officers and Enhanced Pension
To ensure effective implementation of the bill, designated Program Officers will oversee
its execution at the local level. These officers, located in rural and urban areas, will be
responsible for providing employment within 15 days of application receipt. In cases of
non-employment, applicants will receive an unemployment allowance on a weekly basis.
Furthermore, the bill guarantees an annual increment in the pension amount. Starting
from 2024-2025, the pension will increase by 5 percent in July and 10 percent in January,
promoting financial security and keeping up with the rising cost of living.
UP's Subsidy Portal for EVs
The Uttar Pradesh government has taken a significant step towards promoting the
adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the state by launching a dedicated subsidy portal.
This initiative aims to encourage customers who have purchased e-vehicles after October
14, 2022, to claim financial support for their environmentally friendly choice. The portal,
named upevsubsidy.in, serves as a convenient platform for individuals to apply for the
subsidy.
Four-Level Verification Process Ensures Transparency
To ensure transparency and streamline the subsidy application process, a four-level
verification system has been implemented. The verification process commences at the
dealer level, followed by registration and departmental verification. The final verification is
conducted by a Transport Inspector (TI). This thorough verification process aims to
authenticate the eligibility of the applicants and prevent any misuse of the subsidy
scheme.
Development and Maintenance Entrusted to UPDESCO
The responsibility for the development and upkeep of the subsidy portal has been
assigned to the Uttar Pradesh Development Systems Corporation Ltd (UPDESCO). As a
reputable organization, UPDESCO is responsible for ensuring the smooth operation and
functionality of the portal. Their expertise in managing such technological platforms
ensures a seamless experience for users.
Subsidy Amounts and Eligibility Criteria
Under the subsidy scheme, individual beneficiaries who purchase any single vehicle across
different segments are eligible for the subsidy. A subsidy of Rs 5,000 per vehicle is
available for the initial two lakh purchases of two-wheeler electric vehicles, with the
subsidy amount not exceeding 15 percent of the ex-factory cost. Similarly, for four-
wheeler electric vehicles, a subsidy of Rs 1 lakh per vehicle is available for 25,000 earlier
purchases, also not exceeding 15 percent of the ex-factory cost. Additionally, non-
government e-buses receive a substantial subsidy of Rs 20 lakh per vehicle, up to 15

percent of the ex-factory cost.
Efficient Subsidy Disbursement Process
Upon successful completion of the verification process, the subsidy amount is transferred
directly to the customer’s bank account. This streamlined approach ensures the prompt
delivery of financial support to the eligible individuals.
Promoting Electric Vehicles for a Sustainable Future
The subsidy portal and the accompanying subsidy scheme are essential components of
the Uttar Pradesh Electric Vehicle Manufacturing and Mobility Policy 2022. By providing
financial incentives, the state government aims to encourage the adoption of electric
vehicles and contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future.
The subsidy scheme is currently effective until October 13, 2023, and aims to accelerate
the transition to electric vehicles by making them more accessible and affordable to
individuals and fleet operators alike. Through these initiatives, the Uttar Pradesh
government is taking proactive steps to reduce carbon emissions, combat pollution, and
pave the way for a greener transportation landscape.
All India Services (Death-cum-Retirement Benefits) Amendment Rules, 2023
The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) has recently introduced the All India
Services (Death-cum-Retirement Benefits) Amendment Rules, 2023. These amended rules,
which came into effect on 6th July 2023, bring significant changes to the existing
regulations governing the retirement benefits of central government employees.
Change in Rule 2: Inclusion of Earned Increment in Emoluments
One of the notable changes in the amended rules is found in Rule 2. Previously, if a
member of service earned an increment before retirement or death, it was not included in
their emoluments. However, the amendment now states that such increments, even if not
actually drawn, will be considered part of their emoluments or average emoluments.
Conditions for Grant and Continuation of Pension
Under the amended rules, future good conduct is an implied condition for the grant and
continuation of pension. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining exemplary
conduct throughout the service period and after retirement.
Withholding or Withdrawal of Pension
The Central Government has the authority to withhold or withdraw a pension, either for a
specified period or indefinitely, under certain circumstances. These situations arise when a
pensioner is sentenced for a severe offense or when they are proven to have committed
serious misconduct. Importantly, the Union Public Service Commission must be consulted
before passing such an order.
Restrictions on Publishing After Retirement
Members of specific organizations listed in the Second Schedule to the Right to
Information Act, 2005, face restrictions on publishing certain materials after retirement.
These materials include any information related to the organization’s domain, personnel
details, expertise gained, and sensitive information that could jeopardize India’s
sovereignty, security, or international relations. Prior clearance from the organization’s

head is required before publishing such material.
Appeals and Provisions for Family Pension
If an individual wishes to appeal against an order passed by the Central Government, the
appeal must be made to the President in consultation with the Union Public Service
Commission.
The amended rules also address provisions for family pension. For divorced daughters,
the family pension will be payable from the date of divorce if the divorce proceedings
were initiated during the lifetime of the member of service or pensioner. Additionally, a
child or sibling with a mental or physical disability will be deemed as not earning their
livelihood if their income from sources other than family pension is below the entitled
amount.
C295 Military Transport Aircraft
India’s aerospace industry is set to receive a significant boost with the establishment of a
fully operational factory in Vadodara, Gujarat, by November 2024. This factory will play a
pivotal role in the production of the first Indian-made military transport aircraft, the C295.
Under the ambitious ‘Make in India’ Aerospace program, the aim is to strengthen India’s
manufacturing capabilities in the private sector.
The Arrival of the C295
In September 2021, India finalized the acquisition of 56 Airbus C295 aircraft, marking a
significant milestone in the country’s defense capabilities. The first 16 aircraft will be
delivered from the final assembly line in Seville, Spain. An industrial collaboration between
Tata Advanced Systems (TASL) and the Indian government will oversee the manufacturing
and assembly of the remaining 40 aircraft within the country.
Empowering Indian Manufacturing
For many years, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) held a monopoly over military
aircraft production in India. However, the ‘Make in India’ program seeks to diversify and
enhance the country’s manufacturing capabilities. The establishment of a fully operational
factory in Vadodara signifies a significant step toward achieving this goal.
Technical Specifications and Role
The C295 aircraft boasts an extensive airframe, comprising over 14,000 parts and
components. Designed to operate on short and unpaved runways, the C295 will play a
vital role in the IAF’s transport duties. With its ability to carry troops, material, and even
paratroopers, the C295 will provide enhanced capabilities for the swift and efficient
movement of resources across the country.
Future Prospects
The successful implementation of the ‘Make in India’ program for the C295 aircraft
demonstrates India’s commitment to fostering indigenous manufacturing capabilities.
The program is expected to create approximately 15,000 high-skilled jobs and an
additional 10,000 indirect jobs within the next decade, bolstering India’s aerospace sector.
Promotion of Research and Development and Innovation in the pharma-medtech sector

The Union government is taking significant steps to boost research and development
(R&D) in the pharma-medtech sector through its scheme called “Promotion of Research
and Development and Innovation in the pharma-medtech sector.”
Approval Process and Budget Allocation
The proposal for the scheme has been sent to the Minister of Chemical and Fertilizer,
Mansukh Mandaviya, following a thorough evaluation by the Empowered Technical Group
(ETG) meeting. Once approved by the minister, it will be forwarded to the Cabinet
Secretariat for further consideration. The Union government has set aside a substantial
budget of ₹5,000 crore for a period of 5 years, spanning from 2023-24 to 2027-28.
Addressing the R&D Gap
India has gained recognition for its supply of affordable generic drugs worldwide.
However, the expenditure on research and development in the pharma sector remains
relatively low. Currently, the R&D sector only accounts for 7% of the overall expenditure in
the Indian pharma industry, while developed countries allocate over 35% to R&D activities.
Recognizing this gap, the government aims to encourage pharma giants to prioritize
investment in R&D, facilitating breakthroughs in both communicable and non-
communicable diseases.
Establishing R&D Facilities
As part of the scheme, the government plans to establish dedicated R&D facilities in select
Indian Council of Medical Research labs. These facilities will be made available for
research by public and private medical college faculty, as well as private sector research
teams. The objective is to foster collaboration and innovation in the medical research field,
ultimately contributing to the growth of the pharma-medtech sector.
Importance of R&D in the Pharma Industry
With around two-thirds of the industry falling under the innovation category, the R&D
scheme will strengthen the value chain and enhance the overall competitiveness of the
pharma sector.
Centers of Excellence for Product Research and Innovation
The government’s focus on R&D also extends to the establishment of centers of
excellence. These centers will facilitate product research and innovation, aiming to bring
about new advancements and discoveries. By investing in research, the government
intends to address the challenges faced by the healthcare industry and drive
advancements in medical technology and treatments.
Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023 and the Mediation Bill
The Union Cabinet has recently cleared two significant bills, namely the Press and
Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023 and the Mediation Bill. These bills aim to address
important aspects of press regulation and the resolution of civil or commercial disputes
through mediation.
Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023: Regulating the Media Landscape
The Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023 is a legislative measure aimed at
providing a framework for the registration and regulation of periodicals. Its primary
objective is to streamline the functioning of the press industry and ensure responsible
journalism. This bill seeks to establish guidelines and procedures for press registration,
thereby enhancing transparency and accountability within the media sector.
Mediation Bill: Resolving Disputes Amicably
Introduced in Rajya Sabha in December 2021, the Mediation Bill emphasizes the
importance of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. It mandates individuals to
attempt settlement of civil or commercial disputes through mediation before approaching
a court or tribunal. This approach encourages parties to engage in constructive dialogue
and explore mutually agreeable solutions, potentially reducing the burden on the judiciary
system.
Key Provisions of the Mediation Bill
Under the Mediation Bill, a party is permitted to withdraw from the mediation process
after two sessions. The bill also sets a timeframe for completing the mediation process,
with a maximum duration of 180 days, extendable for an additional 180 days if required.
This allows parties sufficient time to negotiate and reach a resolution through mediation.
Role of the Mediation Council of India
The establishment of the Mediation Council of India is a crucial aspect of the bill. This
council will play a significant role in facilitating effective mediation by registering
mediators and recognizing mediation service providers and institutes. It aims to maintain
a high standard of mediation practice and ensure the availability of qualified mediators for
dispute resolution.
Enforceability of Mediation Agreements
Agreements resulting from mediation will be treated as legally binding and enforceable,
akin to court judgments. This provision adds credibility to the mediation process, instilling
confidence in parties that their settlements will have the force of law.
July 21, 2023
Jharkhand’s Vision Document to Achieve 2070 Net Zero Target
Jharkhand, a state known for its rich mineral resources and significant contribution to
India’s industrial development, is now gearing up for a remarkable transition towards
sustainability and a low-carbon economy. The state’s Department of Forest, Environment,
and Climate Change recently released a vision document outlining a comprehensive plan
to achieve the net-zero target by 2070.
Eight Thematic Areas for Achieving Net-Zero Target
The document outlines eight thematic areas that are crucial for Jharkhand to achieve its
net-zero target by 2070. These areas encompass a wide spectrum of measures, ranging
from renewable energy adoption to environmental preservation.
Emphasizing Coal Transition
One of the pivotal thematic areas identified is “Coal Transition.” Being a major source of
energy in India, Jharkhand has played a significant role in coal production, contributing
more than 16% of the country’s total output. The vision document recognizes the
importance of transitioning away from non-renewable resources to mitigate greenhouse

gas emissions.
‘Centre of Excellence’: Navigating Economic Diversification
A key component of the plan is the establishment of a ‘centre of excellence’ on
sustainable transition. This center will play a vital role in helping Jharkhand diversify its
economy, moving away from dependence on non-renewable resources and fostering
innovation in sustainable practices.
Tackling Challenges in Livelihood Transition
The document identifies the rising unemployment in urban areas as a primary challenge
during the livelihood transition process. With 42% of the population falling under the
multidimensional poverty index, the unplanned transition poses risks to vulnerable
sections of society.
Jharkhand’s Role in Steel Production
Jharkhand boasts vast reserves of ‘high quality’ coking coal, constituting a whopping 89%
of India’s reserves. This critical resource plays a significant role in steel production, which
has driven the nation’s infrastructural growth and overall industrial development.
Green Hydrogen Mission for Decarbonization
To address its energy requirements, predominantly met through coal-fired power plants,
Jharkhand has formed the ‘Green Hydrogen Task Force.’ This task force aims to
implement a green hydrogen mission, thus mitigating a significant portion of the state’s
greenhouse gas emissions.
Rajasthan Honour of Dead Body Bill, 2023
The Rajasthan Assembly recently passed a significant bill, known as the Rajasthan Honour
of Dead Body Bill, 2023. This bill aims to penalize protests involving dead bodies and has
raised several discussions and debates.
Rising Cases of Protests
The bill comes as a response to the alarming increase in cases of protests with dead
bodies. During the previous BJP government (2014-2018), 82 such cases were recorded.
However, under the current government (2019-2023), this number has risen significantly
to 306 cases. The surge in such incidents prompted the need for a specific legislation to
address the issue.
Provision 1: Seizure of Dead Body
Under the Rajasthan Honour of Dead Body Bill, 2023, the district administration is
authorized to take action if the deceased person’s family resorts to protests with the dead
body. In such cases, the district administration can lawfully seize the body and conduct the
last rites, thereby preventing prolonged public demonstrations.
Provision 2: Imprisonment for Protestors
To deter individuals from participating in protests with dead bodies, the bill imposes strict
penalties. Those involved in such protests may face imprisonment for up to five years. This
provision is aimed at discouraging acts that disrupt public order and harmony.
Provision 3: Demands of Families
In many instances, families protesting with dead bodies have demanded jobs or financial
compensation (money). Such demands can lead to prolonged protests, affecting public life
and causing distress to the communities involved.
Provision 4: Victim Compensation Scheme
The existing Victim Compensation Scheme covers compensation in cases of unjust deaths.
However, the bill aims to address protests involving dead bodies specifically and
establishes a separate framework for handling such situations.
Provision 5: Non-Possession of Dead Body
The bill also addresses the issue of unclaimed dead bodies. It stipulates that family
members who do not take possession of a dead body can face imprisonment for up to one
year or be subject to a fine, or both. This provision intends to ensure proper and timely
disposal of deceased bodies.
Criticism and Opposition
The bill has faced criticism from various quarters. It was likened the legislation to the
notorious Defence of India Act (DIR) and Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA)
implemented during the emergency. The comparison has raised concerns about potential
misuse of power and infringement on individual rights.
HLA-B*15:01 Gene
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact millions of lives globally, scientists and
researchers are diligently working to uncover the mysteries behind the varying severity of
the disease. One intriguing aspect that has captured the attention of experts is the
presence of asymptomatic cases, where infected individuals show no symptoms of the
virus. Recent studies, including one published in the renowned journal Nature, have shed
light on the potential role of a specific gene in explaining why some people experience
asymptomatic COVID-19 cases.
The Gene Behind Asymptomatic Cases
The gene that has emerged as a potential explanation for asymptomatic COVID-19 cases is
known as HLA-B*15:01. This gene is linked to the immune system and plays a crucial role
in enabling the body to differentiate between its own cells and foreign invaders.
Identifying the Percentage of Asymptomatic Patients
According to the study published in Nature, at least 20% of COVID-19 patients remain
asymptomatic. This significant percentage highlights the need to understand the
underlying factors that contribute to the absence of symptoms in these cases.
The Role of HLA-B*15:01 in Recognizing and Attacking the Virus
HLA-B*15:01 has been found to aid a specific type of immune cell known as T cells in
quickly recognizing and attacking SARS-CoV2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This
enhanced immune response may be a key factor in preventing the development of
noticeable symptoms.
The Role of COVID-19 Citizen Science Study App
To conduct their research, scientists used the COVID-19 Citizen Science Study app to
recruit infected individuals. This mobile app served as a valuable tool in collecting data on
HLA gene variants from a large pool of participants.
Increased Resilience in Double Variant Carriers
The study revealed that individuals possessing two copies of the HLA-B*15:01 variant were
over eight times more likely to never develop COVID-19 symptoms. This finding suggests
that the presence of double variants might confer increased resilience against the virus.
NQK-Q8 Peptide and Prior Exposure
Interestingly, even those who contracted COVID-19 for the first time still reacted to a
specific part of the SARS-CoV2 called the NQK-Q8 peptide. This finding suggests that prior
exposure to related coronaviruses might be contributing to a rapid and effective T cell
response against SARS-CoV2.
A Strong Link Found
The study established a strong and significant link between the mutated HLA gene, HLA-
B*15:01, and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2. While the results are promising,
researchers also acknowledge the need for further investigation and caution that the data
primarily focused on individuals who self-identified as white.
July 22, 2023
SEBI’s Six New Mutual Fund Strategies Under ESG Theme
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has broadened the Environmental,
Social, and Governance (ESG) thematic category’s scope, enabling asset management
companies to introduce funds under six new strategies.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Funds
ESG stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance. These factors are used to evaluate
a company’s sustainability and ethical practices. Environmental criteria assess a
company’s impact on nature, such as its carbon footprint and resource usage. Social
criteria focus on the company’s relationships with employees, customers, and
communities. Governance criteria evaluate a company’s leadership, transparency, and
accountability.
Diverse Strategies for ESG Funds
SEBI permitted six new strategies for ESG funds, providing investors with various options
to align their investments with their sustainability preferences. One of these strategies is
the “Best-in-class & Positive Screening,” where the focus is on investing in companies that
outperform their peers in ESG matters. This approach empowers investors to support
businesses that demonstrate superior ESG practices.
Minimum Allocation to Equity Instruments
For an ESG scheme to qualify as such, it must adhere to specific guidelines set by SEBI. At
least 80% of the assets under management (AUM) in ESG schemes must be allocated to
equity instruments associated with the selected sustainable strategy. This ensures that a
significant portion of the fund’s investments directly contributes to sustainable initiatives.
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR)
BRSR, short for Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting, plays a vital role in
promoting corporate transparency and accountability. Companies are encouraged to

disclose their efforts towards sustainability through BRSR, providing investors with
valuable insights into their ESG practices.
ESG Scheme Investment in Companies with BRSR Disclosures
SEBI requires ESG schemes to invest at least 65% of their AUM in companies that have
comprehensive BRSR disclosures. This stipulation incentivizes companies to actively report
on their sustainability efforts and ensures that ESG funds invest in businesses committed
to transparency and responsible practices.
Impact Investing Funds
Impact investing funds are a specific type of sustainable investment that seeks to
generate positive social or environmental impact alongside financial returns. These funds
offer investors an opportunity to contribute to meaningful change while still achieving
their financial objectives.
Global Efforts towards Sustainable Investing
Sustainable investing is not limited to India; policymakers and investors worldwide are
recognizing the importance of incorporating ESG factors into investment decisions.
Governments, institutions, and individuals from different countries are increasingly
encouraging sustainable practices in the financial sector to address pressing global
challenges.
Admiral Lisa Franchetti
In a groundbreaking move, President Joe Biden has selected Admiral Lisa Franchetti as the
Navy’s highest-ranking officer, marking a historic moment for gender equality and
diversity in the armed forces. If confirmed, Admiral Franchetti will make history as the first
woman to hold this prestigious position in the Navy.
A Historic Nomination
Admiral Lisa Franchetti’s nomination is a significant milestone in the U.S. Navy’s history.
As the highest-ranking officer, also known as the Chief of Naval Operations, she will play a
crucial role in guiding the Navy’s strategic vision and decision-making processes.
Meet Admiral Lisa Franchetti
Currently serving as the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Lisa Franchetti has a
distinguished career as a surface warfare officer with extensive experience in both
operational and policy roles. Her impressive track record includes commanding positions
such as the U.S. Sixth Fleet and Carrier Strike Group 9 and 15. She has also served as the
commander of U.S. Naval Forces Korea, showcasing her expertise in various operational
environments.
Education and Career Path
In 1985, Admiral Franchetti commenced her military career by obtaining her commission
through the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps Program at Northwestern University,
where she completed her studies and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Journalism.
As she progressed in her career, she furthered her education at the Naval War College and
obtained a master’s degree in organizational management from the University of
Phoenix.
Paving the Way for Diversity
Admiral Lisa Franchetti’s leadership and extensive experience at sea and ashore have
played a pivotal role in her selection for this esteemed position. Her nomination
underscores the Navy’s commitment to recognizing and promoting talent regardless of
gender, inspiring future generations of women to pursue careers in the armed forces with
confidence.
Surat Diamond Bourse
The Surat Diamond Bourse, touted as the world’s largest office space in a single project, is
all set to make history as Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to inaugurate it on
November 21. This grand project is not only a testament to India’s entrepreneurial spirit
but also a significant milestone for Surat’s diamond industry.
Changing the Landscape of Diamond Trading
Presently, Surat’s diamond trading market is situated in Mahidharpra Hira bazaar and
Varachha Hira Bazaar, where traders conduct transactions on the streets, with minimal
security measures in place. However, with the inauguration of the Surat Diamond Bourse,
this scenario is expected to undergo a dramatic transformation.
Reducing Travel Time and Enhancing Convenience
One of the major advantages of the Surat Diamond Bourse is that it will significantly
reduce travel time for local angadias who carry diamonds from Surat to Mumbai.
Currently taking over 4.5 hours to travel to Mumbai, the new centralized location will
streamline operations and expedite the process.
A Hub for Diamond Businesses
The Surat Diamond Bourse will house over 4,200 offices, ranging from 300 to 7,5000
square feet each, offering a plethora of diamond-related activities and infrastructure. This
includes the sale of rough and polished diamonds, diamond manufacturing machinery,
software for diamond planning, diamond certificate firms, lab-grown diamonds, and much
more. Furthermore, the bourse will accommodate 27 diamond jewelry retail stores that
cater to both domestic and international customers.
Design and Construction
Designed by Morphogenesis, a renowned architectural firm based in Delhi, the Surat
Diamond Bourse stands as an architectural marvel. The construction began in December
2017 and was completed within five years, even amidst the challenges posed by the
pandemic. The total project cost for this ambitious venture is estimated to be Rs 3,200
crore.
The Visionary Core Committee
The Surat Diamond Bourse’s success is attributed to the vision and leadership of its core
committee, led by chairman Vallabhbhai Lakhani, the owner of Kiran Gems, one of Surat’s
largest diamond firms. The committee comprises other prominent names in the diamond
industry, who played pivotal roles in shaping this extraordinary project.
Rajasthan Platform Based GIG Workers (Registration and Welfare) Bill, 2023
In a landmark move, the state of Rajasthan has taken a significant step towards
safeguarding the welfare of gig workers by introducing the Rajasthan Platform Based GIG
Workers Bill, 2023. This progressive legislation aims to provide social security to gig
workers and establish a comprehensive registration system through ‘The Rajasthan
Platform Based Gig Workers Welfare Board.’
Empowering Gig Workers: The Unique Identification
Under this bill, gig workers will receive a unique identification, a uniform ID that will
facilitate their access to a range of social security programs. This identification will
empower gig workers to avail themselves of both broad and targeted welfare initiatives,
providing them with the necessary safety nets in times of need.
Establishing the Gig Workers Welfare Board
A crucial component of this legislation is the establishment of ‘The Rajasthan Platform
Based Gig Workers Welfare Board.’ This board will serve as a central registration authority
where gig workers from across the state will register themselves with all the aggregators.
The board will streamline the process of welfare fee deduction, integrating it with the
aggregator app for seamless implementation.
Penalties for Non-Compliance
The bill emphasizes the importance of aggregator compliance with its provisions. In cases
of non-compliance, heavy monetary penalties will be imposed on the aggregators. The
penalties amount to ₹5 lakh for the first offense and ₹50 lakh for subsequent offenses,
incentivizing aggregators to uphold the welfare of gig workers.
The Gig Economy’s Potential in India
According to projections, the gig economy in India is poised to witness substantial growth,
with an estimated 23.5 million gig workers by 2030. This makes it crucial for the
government to ensure that gig workers have access to social security benefits and are
protected in their work environment.
Representation and Decision-Making
Apart from guaranteeing social security, the bill also prioritizes gig workers’
representation and decision-making processes concerning their well-being. By having a
voice on the Gig Workers Welfare Board, they will play an active role in shaping policies
and initiatives that directly impact their lives.
Odisha’s ‘Interest Subsidy-Subvention’ Scheme
The Odisha Cabinet recently made a significant decision to bolster the agricultural sector
by approving a provision of Rs. 5700 crore for the implementation of the ‘Interest Subsidy-
Subvention’ scheme. This scheme aims to provide much-needed financial support to
farmers, ensuring easy access to crop loans and promoting their well-being.
Interest Subsidy-Subvention: Empowering Farmers
The ‘Interest Subsidy-Subvention’ scheme is a groundbreaking initiative taken by the
Odisha government to support farmers by providing them with access to affordable and
interest-free crop loans. Under this scheme, farmers will be able to avail of interest-free
crop loans of up to Rs. 1 lakh.

Incentive for Cooperative Banks
In a bid to compensate cooperative banks and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies
(PACS) for issuing crop loans stipulated by the government, the Odisha Cabinet decided to
provide interest subsidy or subvention to these financial institutions. This move is aimed
at encouraging cooperative banks to actively participate in disbursing crop loans to
farmers.
Incremental Interest for Higher Loan Amounts
For crop loans exceeding Rs. 1 lakh and up to Rs. 3 lakh, a nominal interest rate of 2% will
be charged. This decision aims to strike a balance between incentivizing small and
marginal farmers while also encouraging larger investments in agriculture.
A Boon for Small and Marginal Farmers
The Odisha government recognizes that the majority of farmers in the state belong to the
small and marginal category, with limited financial resources for agricultural operations.
By providing hassle-free crop loans, the government seeks to empower these farmers and
enable them to invest in their agricultural activities.
Boosting Agricultural Production and Productivity
Odisha’s economy is predominantly agrarian, and growth in agricultural production and
productivity is vital for overall economic development. Through the ‘Interest Subsidy-
Subvention’ scheme, the government aims to enhance the flow of funds for agricultural
operations, enabling farmers to adopt modern farming techniques and achieve higher
yields.
Transformative Impact on Forest Dwellers
In addition to supporting farmers, the Odisha Cabinet also approved the construction of
buildings for Vana Surakshya Samitis (VSS), which play a crucial role in forest conservation.
With around 10,000 buildings planned across the state, forest dwellers will have a
common facility center to engage in various activities, furthering the cause of forest
conservation.
ASCI's Guidelines for Charitable Advertisements
The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) introduced comprehensive guidelines to
ensure responsible and sensitive charitable advertisements. These guidelines, set to take
effect on 1st August, are aimed at safeguarding viewers from undue distress and
upholding the dignity of those represented in such campaigns.
Understanding ASCI – The Guardian of Advertising Standards
The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) serves as an authoritative industry body
responsible for regulating advertising practices within India. Its core mission is to uphold
the integrity and credibility of advertisements while protecting consumers from
misleading, offensive, or harmful content. By enforcing a code of conduct, ASCI ensures
that advertising remains ethical and accountable.
The Implementation of Responsible Guidelines
Effective from 1st August, ASCI’s guidelines for charitable advertisements intend to
provide a structured framework for charitable organizations and advertisers to create

impactful campaigns without causing unnecessary distress to viewers. The guidelines seek
to strike a balance between raising awareness and funds for important causes while
protecting the emotional well-being of the audience.
Charitable Advertisements and the Dominance of Digital Media
In recent times, charitable organizations have been actively using digital media platforms
for their advertising efforts. The rise of social media, crowdfunding initiatives, and online
fundraising campaigns has made digital media a preferred avenue for charities to reach
potential donors and supporters. ASCI’s guidelines take this shift into account while
ensuring that responsible practices are followed on these platforms.
Safeguarding Viewers from Undue Distress
According to the guidelines, charitable advertisements should avoid causing undue
distress to viewers. While it is essential to elicit empathy and support, ads must be
sensitive in their approach to protect the emotional well-being of the audience. The aim is
to educate and inspire without overwhelming viewers with graphic or distressing imagery.
Responsible Image Usage
Advertisements, particularly those involving children and minors, must refrain from using
graphic images of victims in distress. While such images may have a powerful impact, they
can cause significant distress to viewers. Advertisers are encouraged to use images
responsibly and with utmost consideration for the potential emotional impact on the
audience.
Obtaining Express Consent for Image Usage
Advertisers must be prepared to provide evidence of express consent for the use of
images of beneficiaries if requested. This ensures that the individuals featured in the
advertisements have willingly given permission to be associated with the campaign.
Ensuring Privacy and Consent in Digital Advertising
Digital advertisements that could potentially cause distress to ordinary consumers must
be blurred or made visible only to interested individuals. This ensures that those who
choose to engage with the content are prepared for potentially sensitive imagery.
Transparency in Fund Usage
Charitable advertisements should disclose if the funds raised for a specific beneficiary or
case could potentially be used for other purposes or other beneficiaries. Transparency is
crucial in fostering trust and credibility among potential donors.
Clarity on Crowdsourcing Platform Fees
If a crowdsourcing platform charges a percentage or fee for handling donor funds, the
advertisement should explicitly disclose the specific monetary values associated with the
charges. Transparency about the fees ensures that donors are fully aware of how their
contributions will be utilized.
European Peace Facility
Recently, the European Council adopted a significant assistance measure under the
European Peace Facility (EPF). With a worth of €20 million, this initiative aims to provide
vital support to the 31st Rapid Reaction Brigade of the Armed Forces of the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in Eastern DRC.
An Overview of European Peace Facility (EPF)
The European Peace Facility (EPF) is an off-budget funding mechanism for EU actions
with military and defence implications.
It has a total budget of over EUR 12 billion for 2021-2027 and comprises two pillars –
one for military operations and one for assistance measures.
The EPF is managed under the direction of a Facility Committee and provides military
equipment and training to enhance partners’ security and defence capacity while
ensuring compliance with human rights and international law.
The EPF plays a crucial role in supporting the capabilities of the Ukrainian Armed
Forces against Russian aggression.
The European Commission serves as the administrator for assistance measures
through its Service for Foreign Policy Instruments.
Supporting the Armed Forces: European Peace Facility
The European Peace Facility (EPF) stands as a critical mechanism designed to finance
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) actions in military and defence areas. It was
established to foster international security and stability while preventing conflicts and
preserving peace across regions facing armed conflicts and instability.
Empowering the FARDC: €20 Million Assistance Measure
The Council’s adoption of the assistance measure as part of the EPF will strengthen the
capacities of the 31st Rapid Reaction Brigade of the FARDC. This support is set to bolster
the brigade’s capabilities and resilience in their endeavors to address security challenges
and maintain peace in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Implementing the Support: Belgium’s Ministry of Defence
Belgium’s Ministry of Defence has been entrusted with the crucial responsibility of
implementing the support provided by the European Peace Facility. Leveraging its own
armed forces, Belgium is already actively involved in training the brigade, and this
additional assistance will further elevate the brigade’s operational readiness.
Provision of Essential Equipment
The EU’s assistance measure will encompass the provision of non-lethal individual
equipment and collective equipment to the 31st Rapid Reaction Brigade. The non-lethal
individual equipment will include commando kits, first aid materials, and clothing, while
collective equipment will consist of counter-IED kits, vehicles, and radios. These essential
supplies will bolster the brigade’s capacity to respond effectively to security challenges in
the region.
Promoting Responsible Usage: Monitoring Measures
To ensure the effective use of the assistance and respect for human rights and
international humanitarian law, the EPF’s assistance measure encompasses a set of
stringent monitoring measures. These measures include controls, safeguards, and a
rigorous monitoring framework to guarantee the appropriate utilization of the equipment
and aid provided.

MoRTH's Signage Guidelines
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has taken a significant step
towards improving road safety by unveiling a comprehensive set of guidelines for
signages on national highways and expressways. Led by Minister Nitin Gadkari, these new
guidelines aim to enhance visibility and provide intuitive guidance to drivers, ultimately
reducing accidents and improving traffic flow.
Improving Road Safety and Visibility
The primary purpose of the new guidelines for signages is to improve road safety and
visibility for drivers. By adopting large lettering, symbols, and short legends, these
signages will provide essential information to drivers more effectively. With better
visibility, drivers can react promptly to road conditions, reducing the likelihood of
accidents and ensuring smoother traffic flow.
Evaluation Process for Effective Implementation
Setting up these comprehensive guidelines involved a meticulous evaluation process.
MoRTH conducted assessments in line with Indian Road Congress (IRC) codes &
guidelines, as well as international practices. This thorough evaluation ensures that the
signages adhere to the best global standards, promoting safety and coherence in road
communication.
Catering to Diverse Road Users
Recognizing the diversity of road users, especially those with limited literacy, the new
signages will include pictorial depictions alongside text. This approach aims to cater to a
wider set of road users, ensuring better comprehension of traffic rules and regulations. By
adopting a more inclusive approach, the guidelines strive to promote safer roads for
everyone.
Multilingual Signages for Better Communication
India’s linguistic diversity presents a unique challenge in road communication. MoRTH
proposes multilingual road signages, incorporating both English and regional languages.
This innovative approach ensures better communication with road users from various
linguistic backgrounds, enhancing their understanding of the signages’ messages.
Implementation Across Major Highways
The impact of these guidelines will be widespread, as the new signages are set to be
implemented across all upcoming highways, expressways, and greenfield corridors. This
extensive coverage aims to create uniformity and consistency in signages, streamlining
road communication for drivers across the country.
Prioritizing High Traffic Volumes
To tackle road safety challenges in areas with high traffic volumes, MoRTH will prioritize
the implementation of the new guidelines on highways witnessing more than 20,000
passenger cars on the road. This strategic approach aims to address congestion issues
and promote better road discipline in areas that experience heavy traffic flow.
MAHSR Corridor Project

India’s transportation infrastructure is set to witness a major transformation with the
development of the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) corridor project. This
ambitious endeavor promises to revolutionize rail travel between the two major cities,
enhancing connectivity and efficiency.
Connecting Mega Cities: The MAHSR Corridor
The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail corridor project aims to establish a high-speed
rail link between the bustling cities of Mumbai and Ahmedabad. Covering a total distance
of 508 km, this corridor seeks to significantly reduce travel time between the two mega
cities, fostering improved connectivity and accessibility for passengers.
Speeding Ahead: 320 km/hour Trains
One of the defining features of the MAHSR corridor is the impressive speed at which trains
will operate. With speeds reaching up to 320 km/hour, this high-speed rail connection is
poised to be one of the fastest in India. The enhanced speed will drastically cut down
travel duration and make rail travel a more attractive option for commuters.
Multi-faceted Project: 11 Civil Packages
The MAHSR corridor project is a multi-faceted endeavor that encompasses various civil
packages. A total of 11 civil packages are involved in the construction and development of
the corridor. Each package addresses different aspects, including the construction of
viaducts, rolling stock depots, bridges, and tunnels.
An Engineering Marvel: The Undersea Tunnel
One of the most impressive feats of engineering within the MAHSR corridor is the
construction of India’s first undersea tunnel, spanning an astounding 7 km. This tunnel
showcases the nation’s technological prowess and adds another dimension of complexity
to the project.
Enormous Consumption of Resources
The realization of such a colossal project demands significant resources. The MAHSR
corridor is estimated to consume a staggering 17 lakh metric tonnes of steel and 1.6 crore
cubic meters of cement. This not only drives the economy by generating demand for
construction materials but also provides a boost to the cement and steel industries.
Training for Excellence: Engineers and Technicians
As part of the project’s success strategy, around 1,000 engineers and technicians will
undergo comprehensive training at the Surat depot. This training aims to equip them with
the necessary skills and expertise to effectively contribute to the construction and
operation of the high-speed rail corridor.
Price Stabilisation Fund
To address the current surge in tomato prices and ensure affordability for consumers, the
government has initiated the procurement of tomatoes through the Price Stabilisation
Fund (PSF). These tomatoes are being provided to consumers at significantly subsidized
rates.
Establishment and Purpose
The PSF came into existence in the fiscal year 2014-15. Its primary purpose is to absorb
and mitigate extreme price fluctuations in essential food commodities and selected
goods. This measure helps shield consumers from sudden price surges and provides
support to farmers by ensuring a fair price for their produce.
Procurement Process
Under the PSF scheme, the procurement of goods takes place directly from farmers or
farmers’ organizations at the farm gate or mandis (marketplaces). By procuring goods
directly from the primary producers, the PSF reduces intermediary costs and ensures that
the benefits reach the farmers more effectively.
Role of the Price Stabilisation Fund Management Committee (PSFMC)
The PSF is centrally managed by the Price Stabilisation Fund Management Committee
(PSFMC). This committee plays a vital role in overseeing the implementation of the fund. It
reviews and approves proposals from State Governments and Central Agencies related to
the procurement and distribution of commodities.
Interest-Free Loans
The PSF scheme provides interest-free loans to State Governments/Union Territories (UTs)
and Central Agencies. These loans are aimed at financing their working capital and other
expenses incurred during the procurement and distribution of commodities. This financial
support enables them to stabilize prices and ensure that essential goods are available to
consumers at affordable rates.
Transfer to the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution
On 1st April 2016, the PSF scheme was transferred from the Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers’ Welfare to the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution. This
move aimed to streamline the operations and enhance the effectiveness of the fund in
stabilizing commodity prices.
Procurement of Tomatoes under the PSF
Recently, the government initiated the procurement of tomatoes under the PSF scheme to
counter the current increase in prices. The National Cooperative Consumers Federation
(NCCF) and National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation (NAFED) are actively
involved in procuring tomatoes from mandis in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and
Maharashtra. These tomatoes are then made available at highly subsidized rates to
consumers in major consuming centers across Delhi-NCR, Bihar, Rajasthan, and other
regions.
Forest Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 - Current Updates (July, 2023)
The Forest Conservation (Amendment) Bill of 2023 is scheduled for introduction in the
upcoming Monsoon session of Parliament. This proposed legislation, introduced by the
Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and Labour and Employment, seeks
to bring about changes in the existing Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
Understanding the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 was enacted with the primary objective of conserving
forests by restricting de-reservation of forest and forest land for non-forest purposes. It
mandated that any de-reservation of forest and forest land must have the prior approval
of the central government under the advice of an advisory committee. The aim was to
prevent large-scale deforestation and the conversion of forest land for non-forest
activities.
The 2006 Act and Exemptions for Forest Dwelling Communities
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights
Act), 2006, provided an exemption to the above forest clearance rules for forest dwelling
communities. Under this Act, the central government recognized and vested forest rights,
and certain exemptions to forest clearance were granted for scheduled tribes and other
forest dwelling communities. However, the process of obtaining these rights involved an
elaborate procedure, with resolutions passed by Gram Sabhas and monitored by various
committees at different levels.
The Forest Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 – Proposed Changes
The 2023 Amendment aims to introduce exemptions to forest clearance in the guise of
facilitating social, economic, and environmental needs. These exemptions include forest
lands situated alongside railways or public roads maintained by the government, projects
of national importance related to national security, construction of defense-related
infrastructure, and public utility projects. Additionally, the amendment allows forest land
to be used for non-forest activities such as wireless communications, fencing, bridges,
culverts, and various other facilities.
Implications and Concerns
The proposed amendments have raised several concerns. Firstly, the amendment seems
to contradict the original intent of the 1980 Act, which was designed to prevent de-
reservation of forest land and large-scale deforestation. Secondly, the exemptions granted
by the 2023 Amendment might infringe upon the rights of forest dwelling communities
protected under the 2006 Act, potentially weakening the latter’s purpose. Thirdly, the
exemptions are provided without the consent or clearance of the authorities involved in
the resolution process, as required by the 2006 Act.
Narrow Interpretation of “Forest Land”
The 2023 Amendment also introduces a narrower interpretation of the term “forest land,”
contrary to a broader definition provided by the Supreme Court in the case of T.N.
Godavarman Thirumulkpad v. Union of India (AIR 1997 SC 1228). While the apex court
defined forest land to include any area recorded as forest in government records, the
amendment narrows it down to specific land declared or notified as forest under the
Indian Forest Act, 1927, or other laws, and land recorded in government records after
October 25, 1980.
Lack of Clarity and Consideration
The 2023 Amendment raises concerns about the lack of clarity in its objectives and the
potential consequences of clearing forest land for non-forest uses. It fails to address
compensatory afforestation and the creation of new forest and tree cover after clearing
natural forest land. Additionally, the amendment does not mention how it aims to provide
livelihoods for forest-dependent communities or how it aligns with the 2006 Act, which
was specifically enacted to protect the rights of forest dwelling scheduled tribes and other
forest communities.
Fruit Flies' Defences Against Common Bacteria
In a recent groundbreaking study, researchers have delved into the intricate immune
systems of fruit flies, shedding light on their ability to combat common bacteria found in
their food.
Understanding the Study Focus: Fruit Flies
The research primarily focused on the immune systems of fruit flies. Fruit flies,
scientifically known as Drosophila melanogaster, have long been used as model
organisms in scientific research due to their short lifespan and easy maintenance in
laboratory settings. These tiny insects have now become crucial subjects for studying their
immune responses.
Genes: Fruit Flies’ Weapon Against Bacteria
One of the most significant findings of the study is how fruit flies develop specific genes to
combat common bacteria found in their food. These genes play a pivotal role in the flies’
immune defense mechanism against harmful microbes, including bacteria.
The Culprit: Acetobacter and Its Harmful Effects
Among the bacterial species found in fruits, Acetobacter poses a threat to fruit flies once it
enters their bloodstream. The study highlights how this particular bacterium can harm the
flies once it exits their gut, emphasizing the importance of effective immune responses.
Unraveling the Power of Peptides
Fruit flies employ a unique defense mechanism through the use of “peptides.” Peptides
are strings of compounds that combine to form proteins. These small yet powerful
molecules play a significant role in countering bacteria and other pathogens in fruit flies.
Implications for Human Health
The researchers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of
Exeter emphasize that fruit flies’ evolutionary process can offer insights into human
susceptibility to certain diseases. By understanding how fruit flies cope with harmful
bacteria, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of similar mechanisms in humans.
The Diptericin B: Fruit Flies’ Silver Bullet
The study revealed that fruit flies have developed a specific peptide called “Diptericin B” to
control the growth of acetobacter, acting as a silver bullet against this particular
bacterium. This discovery underscores the importance of peptides in fruit flies’ immune
defense.
July 24, 2023
5th Helicopter & Small Aircraft Summit
The 5th Helicopter and Small Aircraft Summit, scheduled for July 25, is set to be a
significant event for India’s civil aviation industry. The summit will take place in the
historical city of Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, and has been announced by the Union
Ministry of Civil Aviation.

Unveiling the Summit
The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation has taken the initiative to organize the 5th Helicopter
and Small Aircraft Summit, bringing together industry stakeholders and policymakers
under one roof. The event aims to foster collaboration and efficient decision-making to
advance India’s civil aviation sector.
Exploring the Theme
The theme of the summit, “Reaching the Last Mile,” highlights the crucial aspect of
enhancing regional connectivity through helicopters and small aircraft. With the goal of
ensuring accessibility to even the remotest areas, the event focuses on bridging the gap
between urban and rural regions.
Objectives of the Summit
The summit encompasses broad objectives to steer the growth story of India’s
Helicopter and Small Aircraft industry.
One of the primary aims is to establish a common platform for all industry
stakeholders and policymakers.
By fostering discussions and collaboration, the summit intends to find solutions to
challenges faced by the aviation sector.
The event also emphasizes enhancing the scope of the UDAN Scheme, which aims to
make air travel more affordable and accessible for all citizens.
Specifically, the summit targets the expansion of helicopter and small aircraft
connectivity to existing and potential tourism hotspots.
This move is set to open up new opportunities for the tourism industry and promote
economic growth in the region.
Roles of Helicopters in India’s Transportation Ecosystem
Helicopters play a multifaceted role in India’s transportation ecosystem:
They enable improved accessibility to remote areas, where traditional means of
transportation are often limited.
They have significant potential in the tourism sector, offering travelers a unique and
scenic perspective of landscapes and cultural destinations.
They are instrumental in emergency medical services and disaster management.
During floods, rescue operations, and other crises, helicopters can swiftly transport
medical supplies and personnel to affected areas.
Advantages of Small Aircrafts
Small aircrafts present a range of benefits for business and leisure travelers alike. They
offer efficient and convenient transportation options, reducing travel time and enhancing
regional air connectivity. As a result, travelers can explore lesser-known destinations with
ease, contributing to the growth of tourism in those areas.
The Two Multipliers of the Civil Aviation Industry
The civil aviation industry holds two crucial multipliers – the economic multiplier and the
employment multiplier. With advancements in this sector, it has the potential to drive
economic growth and create numerous employment opportunities, making it vital for
India’s overall development.
JJM Digital Academy
The JJM Digital Academy is a groundbreaking initiative that aims to revolutionize the water
supply sector in India by harnessing the power of digital technology. This innovative
project was established through the exchange of a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) between the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Echo India during a
two-day national conference in New Delhi on July 21 and 22.
Targeted Stakeholders
The primary focus of the JJM Digital Academy is to build the capacity of various
stakeholders involved in water supply programs. The academy aims to equip
administrators, engineers, Panchayat functionaries, technicians, sanitation workers, and
foot soldiers with the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of water supply initiatives across the nation.
Digital Technology for Training
One of the core elements of the JJM Digital Academy is leveraging digital technology to
deliver comprehensive training to stakeholders. By utilizing cutting-edge tools and
platforms, the academy ensures that water supply professionals stay updated with the
latest practices and innovations in the field. This technology-driven approach enables
participants to enhance their expertise and contribute to the sustainable management of
water resources.
Building a Knowledge Repository
The academy serves as more than just a training platform. It also functions as a repository
of knowledge and information related to water supply programs. The accumulated
resources will be invaluable for future reference, allowing learners to access relevant data
and best practices for informed decision-making and problem-solving.
Knowledge Content Providers
A multitude of reputed organizations and agencies have joined hands to provide
knowledge content for the JJM Digital Academy. Notable contributors include UN and
bilateral agencies, RWPF partners, trusts, foundations, institutions, and civil society
organizations. Their involvement ensures that the content delivered through the program
is diverse, comprehensive, and aligned with global best practices.
Collaborative Learning Opportunities
Key Resource Centres (KRCs) and Implementing Support Agencies (ISAs) are integral to
the success of the JJM Digital Academy. These entities will be actively involved in training
stakeholders, fostering a collaborative learning environment. Additionally, National and
State governments will play a crucial role by sharing their best practices during sessions,
enriching the learning experience for participants.
Who is Leon Marchand?
In a thrilling turn of events at the world swimming championships in Japan, 21-year-old
Leon Marchand achieved a remarkable feat, shattering legendary American swimmer
Michael Phelps’ final individual world record in the 400m Individual Medley (IM).
Marchand’s Remarkable Feat
Under the guidance of renowned coach Bob Bowman, who played a pivotal role in Michael
Phelps’ illustrious career, Leon Marchand secured a stunning time of 4 minutes and 2.50
seconds in the 400m IM, setting a new world record. This outstanding performance
surpassed Phelps’ previous record of 4:03.84, which had remained unbeaten since the
2008 Beijing Olympics.
Phelps’ Legacy and Reign
Michael Phelps, widely regarded as the most decorated athlete in the history of the
Summer Olympics, achieved an extraordinary feat by securing a total of 28 medals across
five Olympics. Out of these achievements, an impressive 23 were gold medals, marking
the highest number of Olympic golds ever achieved. Phelps also held world records in
multiple events, such as the 200m freestyle, 100m and 200m butterfly, and 200m and
400m Individual Medley (IM).
Marchand’s Previous Near Miss
Notably, during the previous year’s world championships, Leon Marchand came
tantalizingly close to Phelps’ record, missing it by a mere 44 hundredths of a second. This
near-miss showcased his immense potential and laid the groundwork for his eventual
record-breaking achievement.
Future Challenges and Choices
In the future, Marchand has upcoming competitions in the 200m butterfly, where he
secured a silver medal last year, the 200m breaststroke (currently holding the title of the
fourth-fastest man in history), and the 200m IM (the current reigning world champion).
However, he may face a scheduling conflict and choose to withdraw from the 200m
breaststroke event due to its semifinals coinciding with the 200m IM final.
Phelps’ Enduring Legacy
Although Phelps retired in 2016, his legacy lives on through his contributions to relay
events. His world records in the 4x100m freestyle and 4x200m freestyle remain unbroken,
with the former being the longest-standing world record and the last remaining one from
the 2008 Olympics.
'Akira' Ransomware Attack
In recent times, a dangerous Internet ransomware virus called Akira has been making
headlines due to its malicious activities. This sophisticated malware is designed to encrypt
vital personal information and data on victims’ systems, rendering them inaccessible.
Stealing Vital Personal Information
The primary objective of Akira ransomware is to steal vital personal information from its
victims. This sensitive data can include financial records, personal identification details,
and confidential documents. The attackers then leverage this information to extort money
from the victims.
Targeting Windows and Linux-Based Systems
Akira ransomware is not limited to a specific operating system. It targets both Windows
and Linux-based systems, making it a potent threat for a wide range of users.
Double Extortion Tactics
One of the most alarming aspects of Akira ransomware is its utilization of double
extortion tactics. The ransomware group first encrypts the victim’s data, rendering it
inaccessible. They then threaten to release this stolen data on their dark web blog if the
victim does not pay the ransom.
Accessing Victim Environments through VPN Services
The ransomware group behind Akira is known to access victim environments through
Virtual Private Network (VPN) services. This is particularly effective in cases where users
have not enabled multi-factor authentication, making them vulnerable to attacks.
The Motive behind Akira Ransomware
The primary purpose of Akira ransomware is financial gain. By encrypting data and
holding it hostage, the attackers aim to extort money from their victims in exchange for
restoring access to their systems and sensitive information.
Consequences of Non-Payment
If the victim does not comply with the ransom demands, the ransomware group proceeds
with their threat and releases the stolen data on their dark web blog. This exposes the
victim to the risk of privacy breaches and potential further harm.
Defining Ransomware
In essence, ransomware is a form of malicious software that infects and blocks users from
accessing their data and systems until they pay a ransom to the attackers. It preys on
individuals and organizations, causing disruptions and financial losses.
Why is Elon Musk Rebranding Twitter as X?
Elon Musk, the owner of Twitter, has recently undertaken a significant rebranding effort
for the social media platform, replacing its iconic blue bird logo with an “X.” This move
comes as part of a broader strategy to transform Twitter into a “super app” similar to
China’s WeChat.
The Motivation behind the Rebranding
Vision for a Super App: Musk’s vision for Twitter extends beyond being a
conventional social media platform. He aims to create a comprehensive “super app”
that encompasses various functionalities and services, similar to WeChat’s approach
in China. This rebranding is a step towards aligning Twitter’s identity with this
ambitious vision.
Distancing from Past Controversies: Since acquiring Twitter, Musk has faced
challenges such as technical failures, staff layoffs, and controversies surrounding
content moderation. By rebranding as X, he seeks to create a fresh image and
distance the platform from its tumultuous past.
Twitter’s Transformation under Musk
Business Name Change: Under Musk’s ownership, Twitter changed its business
name to X Corp, signaling a shift towards a broader corporate identity and a
departure from the traditional social media platform.
Ad Revenue Struggles: Twitter has experienced significant losses in advertising

revenue since Musk took control. This rebranding might be an attempt to attract new
advertisers and regain lost revenue by presenting a revamped and appealing
identity.
Rival Competition: The launch of Threads by Meta (Facebook’s parent company)
posed a challenge to Twitter’s user base and advertising support. The rebranding
could be a strategic move to respond to this competition and revitalize user
engagement.
Musk’s Approach to Free Speech and Content Moderation
“Free Speech Absolutist” Stance: Elon Musk has publicly referred to himself as a
“free speech absolutist” and wants to prioritize users’ ability to express themselves
freely on the platform. This approach aligns with his philosophy of minimal content
deletion.
Potential Risks: While emphasizing free speech, there are concerns that this
leniency might lead to an increase in hate speech and other harmful content on the
platform. Twitter/X will need to strike a balance between free speech and content
moderation to maintain a healthy and inclusive environment.
Challenges and Future Outlook
Negative Cash Flow: Despite the rebranding efforts, Twitter/X still faces financial
challenges with negative cash flow due to reduced advertising revenue and
significant debt. Addressing these financial issues will be crucial for the platform’s
sustainability.
User-Friendly Features: Twitter/X will need to continue improving its user
experience and offer features that set it apart from competitors like Threads. The
platform’s success will depend on its ability to attract and retain users.
Advertising Support: The success of the rebranding will depend on Twitter/X’s
ability to attract advertisers and regain lost revenue. Demonstrating the platform’s
appeal to advertisers and proving its value as an advertising medium will be vital.
In summary, Elon Musk’s decision to rebrand Twitter as X is a strategic move aimed at
aligning the platform with his vision of creating a super app and distancing it from past
controversies. By adopting a “free speech absolutist” approach, Musk aims to
differentiate Twitter/X from competitors while also facing challenges related to content
moderation. The success of this rebranding effort will hinge on the platform’s ability to
address financial issues, offer user-friendly features, and attract advertisers to support its
new identity as X.
Semicon India 2023
‘Semicon India 2023’ is all set to emerge as a prestigious platform, celebrating India’s
prowess in the semiconductor domain. Scheduled to be held in Gandhinagar on July 28,
the event promises to bring together leading companies, policymakers, and industry
stalwarts to showcase India’s remarkable progress in the semiconductor sector.
Leading Companies Participating
Foxconn, Micron, AMD, IBM, Marvell, Vedanta, LAM Research, NXP Semiconductors, and
STMicroelectronics are some of the distinguished participants who will grace ‘Semicon
India 2023.’ Their attendance underscores the importance of the summit, as it puts a
spotlight on India’s rapid progress in nurturing a worldwide semiconductor
manufacturing and design ecosystem.
An Exclusive Exhibition
Before the main event, an exclusive exhibition will be inaugurated on July 25 by Gujarat
Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel. This exhibition will offer aspiring students a gateway to
in-depth knowledge about semiconductor manufacturing, providing a valuable pathway
towards a rewarding career in this dynamic industry.
Focus on Investment Opportunities
The inaugural programme of ‘Semicon India 2023’ will place a strong emphasis on
exploring investment opportunities within India’s semiconductor sector. With an aim to
revolutionize the semiconductor landscape, this initiative holds immense potential to
foster accelerated and inclusive growth within the domestic semiconductor chip
manufacturing sector.
Micron’s Investment
One of the major highlights of ‘Semicon India 2023’ is the announcement by Micron, a
computer storage chip maker, to establish a semiconductor assembly and test plant in
Gujarat. This ambitious venture entails a total investment of USD 2.75 billion
(approximately Rs 22,540 crore), signifying a significant milestone in India’s
semiconductor journey.
Ayushman Bhav Programme
The Union health ministry is preparing to introduce a comprehensive health initiative
named ‘Ayushman Bhav,’ with the goal of ensuring effective implementation of all state-
run health schemes to reach each intended recipient. With a focus on comprehensive
coverage and inclusion, the program is set to revolutionize healthcare access in the
country.
Ayushman Bhav Program Activities
Under the Ayushman Bhav program, several activities have been planned to enhance
healthcare accessibility and awareness. These activities include:
1. Ayushman Apke Dwar 3.0 An intensive drive scheduled to commence on August 1,
Ayushman Apke Dwar 3.0 aims to ensure full saturation of health schemes, leaving
no eligible beneficiary deprived of essential benefits.
2. Ayushman Sabha At the village level, Ayushman Sabha will be spearheaded by the
village health, sanitation, and nutrition committee. This campaign will actively work
towards extending the benefits of central and state government health schemes to
their intended recipients. Moreover, it will focus on generating awareness about the
significance of Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna (PMJAY) health insurance scheme
cards and Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) numbers.
3. Ayushman Mela Taking place at Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (AB-
HWCs), Ayushman Mela will involve organizing medical camps and facilitating early
diagnosis through screenings. These medical camps will cater to various health
services, teleconsultation with specialists, and appropriate referrals. The objective is
to provide comprehensive primary healthcare services to marginalized individuals,
ensuring continuity of care.
4. Ayushman Gram The fourth pillar of Ayushman Bhav, Ayushman Gram, aims to
achieve 100% coverage of PMJAY card distribution, ABHA ID generation,
immunization, and screening for non-communicable diseases (NCD). Villages
successfully covering all health schemes will be honored with the title of an
“Ayushman Gram” and receive a certificate of recognition.
Objectives of Ayushman Bhav Campaign
The overarching aim of the Ayushman Bhav campaign is to ensure comprehensive and
saturation coverage of all health schemes, leaving no eligible beneficiary without access to
vital healthcare services. By combining awareness campaigns, medical camps, and
inclusive strategies, the initiative seeks to bridge the gap and extend healthcare benefits
to the last mile.
Talisman Sabre Exercises 2023
Australia and the United States have initiated the Talisman Sabre joint military exercises, a
large-scale show of force and unity involving more than 30,000 troops and participants
from 11 other countries. Held every two years, this year’s drills mark the largest gathering
of military personnel yet. The exercises come at a crucial time when China’s assertive
influence in the Indo-Pacific region is on the rise.
Enhancing Collaboration and Unity
The Talisman Sabre exercises, which first began in 2005, are designed to strengthen
military collaboration and enhance readiness among allied nations. Through these joint
maneuvers, participating countries aim to demonstrate their shared commitment to core
values and principles, emphasizing unity in the face of regional challenges.
Diverse Participation and Training Scenarios
The multinational exercises will include various land and air combat simulations, as well as
amphibious landings, showcasing the capabilities and cooperation among the
participating armed forces. This year, Germany joins for the first time, sending 210
paratroopers and marines to bolster its presence in the Indo-Pacific. Additionally, India,
the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand will attend as observers, enhancing the regional
perspective on the exercises.
Regional Security and Cooperation
The Talisman Sabre exercises serve as a demonstration of Australia’s dedication to
working closely with its international partners to maintain regional security and stability.
As Australia strengthens security cooperation with the US and regional allies like Japan
and India, it also faces the task of improving trade ties with China amid ongoing disputes
related to trade, investment, and security issues.
Monitoring China’s Response
During the exercises, Australia is closely monitoring a Chinese ship off the east coast,
which is reportedly shadowing the drills. This presence underscores the importance and
sensitivity of the region’s security dynamics and highlights the significance of the joint
military exercises as a display of collective readiness and determination.
BRICS Urbanisation Forum
The BRICS Urbanisation Forum, an essential platform for addressing urban development
challenges, was inaugurated in New Delhi in February 2013. This year, the forum is set to
have its first in-person follow-up in the vibrant South African city of Durban, commencing
on July 26. With participation from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the forum
aims to delve into key urban developmental issues and explore how cities globally are
enhancing their resilience to meet emerging challenges.
Advancing Urban Resilience for Sustainable Cities and Towns
Thembi Nkadimeng, the South African Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional
Affairs (CoGTA) and the current chair of BRICS, will preside over the forum centered
around the theme of “Advancing urban resilience for sustainable cities and towns for
future generations.”. This theme underscores the significance of creating resilient cities
capable of overcoming rapid urbanization, climate change, rural-urban migration, and
resource constraints.
Inclusive Gathering and Agenda
The forum convenes ministerial delegations, representatives from local governments,
policymakers, and various stakeholders to give precedence to crucial urbanization
matters. It also provides valuable policy advice to BRICS leaders for action during the
upcoming 15th BRICS Summit scheduled for August 22 in Johannesburg.
Key Areas of Discussion
The two-day gathering in Durban will involve comprehensive discussions on building
productive and sustainable urban economies, survival strategies in urban environments,
and the localization of the UN sustainable development goals. Digital transformation,
sustainable human settlements, climate change, and urban water resilience will also come
under the spotlight.
Russian President’s Participation
While the heads of state from Brazil, India, China, and South Africa will attend the 15th
BRICS Summit in person, Russian President Vladimir Putin will participate online to avoid
potential legal complications.
Durban’s Resilience Showcase
Durban, situated within the eThekwini Metro, is the chosen host for the forum. The city
will demonstrate its response to the devastating floods of 2022, highlighting successful
projects contributing to sustainable development and inclusive growth. Efforts to address
infrastructure damage and collaborate towards common goals during crises will be
showcased during the event.
Ludwigia peruviana
Tamil Nadu is facing a significant threat to its precious elephant habitats due to the
invasive aquatic weed, Ludwigia peruviana.
Ludwigia peruviana: A Growing Threat
Ludwigia peruviana, an aquatic plant native to South America, has become a menace for
Tamil Nadu’s elephant habitats. The weed has invaded the swamps and grass covers in
the Valparai region, which serves as a key habitat for elephants within the Annamalai Tiger
Reserve.
The Spread and Challenge
The plant’s aggressive growth in swamps poses a unique challenge in its removal. The
dense and waterlogged nature of swamps makes the usage of machinery difficult,
requiring alternative strategies for effective control.
State’s Efforts in Combating Invasive Species
Tamil Nadu has launched a drive to remove exotic species from its forests to protect the
native ecosystems. Some of the targeted invasive species include Lantana camara, Senna
spectabilis, and Acacia mearnsii. However, Ludwigia peruviana presents a unique
challenge, given its preference for swamps, making conventional removal methods less
effective.
Containment Strategies for Ludwigia peruviana
To contain the spread of Ludwigia peruviana in Valparai, experts recommend a strategic
approach. The first step involves mapping all the swamps in the region. With this
information, authorities can then focus on preventing the invasion of the weed in smaller
numbers, which may help control its growth and spread.
Marine Heat Waves
Marine heat waves (MHWs) have become a pressing concern as global temperatures
continue to rise, leading to significant changes in ocean ecosystems. The occurrence of
the hottest June ever on record and recent forecasts by Mercator Ocean International
highlight the severity of the situation.
Regions Experiencing Marine Heat Waves
According to Mercator Ocean International’s recent forecast, several regions are currently
experiencing MHWs. These regions include the north-east Pacific, the southern
hemisphere in the southern Indian Ocean and the Pacific, the north-east Atlantic, the
tropical North Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. The extended duration and intensity of
these MHWs are a growing concern for marine life and coastal communities.
Defining Marine Heat Waves
MHWs are extreme weather events in the ocean characterized by a substantial increase in
sea surface temperatures. To be classified as an MHW, the surface temperature needs to
rise 3 or 4 degrees Celsius above the average temperature for at least five consecutive
days. These prolonged periods of elevated temperatures can last for weeks, months, or
even years.
Impact on Marine Ecosystems
Marine heat waves have devastating effects on marine ecosystems. They have been linked
to the deaths of marine species, altering migration patterns, and even coral bleaching.
High ocean temperatures during MHWs can lead to massive coral bleaching events,
causing corals to expel the algae known as zooxanthellae living in their tissues, turning
them entirely white. This phenomenon results in the debilitation of corals, rendering them
more susceptible to life-threatening illnesses, thereby disturbing the fragile equilibrium of
marine ecosystems.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Ocean Absorption
As the global air temperature increases due to greenhouse gas emissions, the oceans
absorb a significant portion of the additional heat. Over the last few decades, the oceans
have absorbed about 90% of the heat caused by the release of greenhouse gases from
human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This absorption has led to
a considerable increase in the global mean sea surface temperature.
Projected Increase in Marine Heat Wave Days
Research suggests that MHWs have become more frequent and intense in recent decades
due to global warming. With a global warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to
preindustrial levels, there is a projected increase of a factor of 16 in MHW days. This
alarming trend indicates that MHWs are likely to become more prolonged and severe in
the future, exacerbating their impact on marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
The Return of El Nino
Adding to the concern, El Nino, an abnormal warming of surface waters in the equatorial
Pacific Ocean, has set in for the first time in seven years. This weather pattern is likely to
trigger extreme heat and contribute to breaking more temperature records in various
regions of the world, intensifying the impact of MHWs.
Batagaika Crater
Deep within Russia’s Far East lies the Batagaika crater, an alarming testament to the
consequences of global warming. As the world’s largest permafrost crater, its expansion
serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing impacts of climate change.
The Batagaika Crater’s Location
The Batagaika crater is situated in Russia’s Far East, specifically in the Sakha Republic. This
remote region has become a focal point for studying the effects of climate change on
permafrost.
Unveiling the Main Cause of Expansion
The expansion of the Batagaika crater can be attributed to the thawing of permafrost, a
phenomenon triggered by global warming. As temperatures rise, the once-frozen ground
undergoes a process of degradation, leading to the formation of this colossal crater.
Understanding Permafrost
Permafrost refers to ground or soil that remains frozen at or below the freezing point (0
degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more consecutive years. It is typically
found in high-latitude regions near the poles, such as the Arctic and subarctic areas.
The Local Nickname: ‘The Cave-in’
Among the locals of the Sakha Republic, the Batagaika crater is affectionately referred to
as ‘The cave-in.’ This name reflects the massive one-kilometre-long gash that reaches
depths of up to 100 meters, created by the continuous expansion of the crater.
Impact on Russia’s Landmass
Approximately 65% of Russia’s landmass is covered by the long-frozen tundra, which has
been experiencing rapid warming. The thawing permafrost in these regions is releasing
greenhouse gases stored in the soil, exacerbating global warming and climate change.
Devastating Effects on Northern and Northeastern Russia
The thawing permafrost has had severe consequences on northern and northeastern
Russia, leading to infrastructure damage. Buckling roadways, splitting houses, and
disrupting pipelines are just a few examples of the destruction caused by the retreating
permafrost.
Russia’s Rapid Warming in Comparison
Russia is experiencing warming rates that are 2.5 times higher than the global average,
rendering it among the most susceptible areas to the impacts of climate change. This
rapid warming has led to the acceleration of permafrost thawing and subsequent crater
expansion.
The Release of Organic Carbon
As the permafrost thaws, enormous quantities of organic carbon are released into the
atmosphere. This further contributes to the intensification of global warming, posing a
significant challenge to climate change mitigation efforts.
Urgent Need for Action
Experts warn that the continuous growth of the Batagaika crater is a dire sign of the
urgency to address climate change. Immediate action is required to mitigate its impacts
and preserve the delicate balance of Earth’s ecosystems.
July 25, 2023
TRAI’s Draft Telecommunication Consumers Education and Protection Fund (Sixth Amendment)
Regulation, 2023
In India, the telecommunications sector is regulated by the Telecom Regulatory Authority
of India (Trai), an autonomous body responsible for safeguarding consumer interests,
promoting fair competition, and fostering growth in the industry. One of Trai’s notable
initiatives is the establishment of the Telecommunication Consumers Education &
Protection Fund (TCEPF) in June 2007. The fund’s primary purpose is to support activities
related to consumer education and protection in the telecommunications domain.
Recently, Trai has proposed amendments to the TCEPF Regulations, aiming to enhance
fund utilization and overall consumer protection.
Understanding the TCEPF Regulations
In June 2007, Trai introduced the TCEPF Regulations, which set the foundation for the
Telecommunication Consumers Education & Protection Fund. The objective was clear – to
establish a dedicated fund to conduct various initiatives focused on consumer education
and protection within the telecommunications industry.

Proposed Amendments for Enhanced Efficiency
Recognizing the importance of continuous improvement, Trai has initiated the process of
amending the existing TCEPF Regulations. These draft rules aim to address specific
expenses incurred from the fund, such as preparation, maintenance, audit of accounts,
and the participation of consumer group representatives in committee meetings. By
explicitly outlining these provisions in the regulations, Trai seeks to enhance transparency
and ensure that the fund’s resources are effectively utilized to benefit consumers.
Focusing on Consumer Education and Protection
Consumer education and protection lie at the heart of the TCEPF’s initiatives. Through this
fund, Trai undertakes various outreach programs, seminars, and workshops to create
awareness among consumers about their rights and responsibilities in the
telecommunications domain. Additionally, the fund is used to develop educational and
awareness materials, empowering consumers to make informed decisions and seek
redressal in case of grievances.
Future Implications and Stakeholder Engagement
While Trai has proposed amendments to the TCEPF Regulations, the timeline for the
amended regulations to come into force has not been specified. Nevertheless, the
regulatory body is currently soliciting feedback from stakeholders regarding the draft
Telecommunication Consumers Education & Protection Fund (Sixth Amendment)
Regulations, 2023, until August 14th. This approach reflects Trai’s commitment to
ensuring that the amended regulations align with the best interests of both consumers
and industry stakeholders.
CUTCEF – Empowering Consumer Outreach
The Committee for Utilisation of Telecommunication Consumers Education & Protection
Fund (CUTCEF) plays a pivotal role in handling the activities related to consumer outreach
programs and seminars. This committee is responsible for implementing various
initiatives and projects aimed at educating and protecting consumers in the
telecommunications sector.
“Depositor Education and Awareness” (DEA) Fund
Unclaimed deposits in the banking sector have been a persistent concern, prompting
regulatory bodies to take proactive steps to protect consumer interests. The Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) established the Depositor Education and Awareness (DEA) Fund Scheme in
2014 to address this issue. Over the past five years, significant funds have been
transferred from the DEA Fund to banks for refunding unclaimed deposits, ensuring
rightful claimants receive their dues.
The DEA Fund: Safeguarding Consumer Rights
The Depositor Education and Awareness Fund Scheme, initiated by the RBI in 2014, serves
as a crucial mechanism to tackle unclaimed deposits. Its main objective is to create
awareness among depositors and protect their interests in the financial realm. By
notifying the fund scheme, the RBI laid the foundation for promoting financial literacy and
safeguarding consumers’ rightful claims.

Public and Private Sector Contributions
Public sector banks have made significant contributions to the DEA Fund, transferring a
staggering Rs 36,185 crores of unclaimed deposits until March 31, 2023. Private banks
have also shown responsibility by transferring Rs 6,087 crores to the DEA Fund during the
same period. These contributions demonstrate the collective effort to address unclaimed
deposits and prioritize consumer welfare.
RBI’s “100 Days 100 Pays” Campaign
The RBI has taken proactive measures to expedite the process of locating and paying
unclaimed deposits. The “100 Days 100 Pays” campaign challenges banks to locate and
settle the top 100 unclaimed deposits in each bank and district within 100 days,
commencing on January 6, 2023, and concluding on September 8, 2023. This campaign
fosters a sense of urgency and dedication in facilitating rightful claimants to access their
unclaimed funds.
Promoting Transparency and Accessibility
To further enhance consumer accessibility, the RBI plans to establish a centralized web
facility. This web facility will allow the public to locate unclaimed deposits across various
financial institutions, facilitating the resolution process and ensuring unclaimed funds
reach their rightful owners.
Banks’ Obligations for Unclaimed Deposits
The banks are required to take specific actions regarding unclaimed deposits. These
actions include displaying the list of inactive/inoperative unclaimed deposits on their
websites. Moreover, banks must diligently seek the whereabouts of customers and their
legal heirs to facilitate the return of unclaimed deposits. Additionally, formulating a board-
approved policy on unclaimed deposit classification and implementing a grievance
redressal mechanism for complaints and periodic review of unclaimed deposit accounts
are essential measures to ensure transparency and accountability in the system.
National Dental Commission Bill, 2023 and the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill,
2023
The Indian government has taken significant strides in the healthcare sector by
introducing two crucial Bills in Parliament – the National Dental Commission Bill, 2023, and
the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill, 2023. These Bills aim to bring about
sweeping reforms in the dental and nursing professions, focusing on regulation,
education, and practice.
Repealing Outdated Acts
Both Bills aim to repeal outdated Acts that have governed the dental and nursing
professions for decades. The Dentists Act, 1948, and the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947,
will be replaced with new regulatory bodies, aligning with the changing dynamics of the
healthcare landscape.
Autonomous Regulatory Bodies
In line with the National Medical Commission (NMC), the Bills propose the establishment
of autonomous regulatory bodies for dentists and nurses. These bodies will consist of
separate boards responsible for undergraduate and postgraduate education, an
assessment and rating board, and an ethics and registration board. This segmentation will
streamline the functioning of each profession and enhance their efficiency.
Creating Live National Registers
One of the significant provisions in both Bills is the creation of live national registers for
medical professionals. These registers will maintain real-time data on the qualifications
and credentials of dentists and nurses, automatically synchronizing with the state
registers.
Purpose of the Exit Test
The National Dental Commission Bill aims to introduce an exit test for dentists, similar to
the National Exit Test for MBBS graduates. This standardized test will assess the
competency of dentists upon completion of their education, ensuring their proficiency in
delivering quality healthcare services.
Defining the Scope of Practice
The National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill has a crucial objective of defining the
scope of practice for nurses and midwives. This provision seeks to provide legal backing
for specific procedures and medicines within different specialties. By doing so, the Bill
aims to establish consistency and unity in the role of nurses across healthcare institutions.
July 26, 2023
Rio Grande River Barrier
In a recent legal development, the US Justice Department has taken legal action against
the state of Texas and its Governor, Greg Abbott, over the installation of floating barriers
in the Rio Grande River.
Understanding the Rio Grande River Barrier
The Rio Grande River, spanning an impressive 3,051 kilometers, serves as a natural border
between the United States and Mexico, predominantly in Texas. In response to a
significant influx of migrants attempting to cross the river into the US, Texas authorities
embarked on a contentious initiative – installing floating barriers to prevent illegal
crossings.
The Lawsuit and Allegations
The US Justice Department contends that Texas violated federal law by constructing
structures in the Rio Grande River without proper authorization, which has led to
obstruction in US waters. In response to this alleged violation, the Justice Department filed
a lawsuit against the state, demanding the removal of the barriers at Texas’ expense.
Operation Lone Star
Governor Abbott’s immigration policy is embodied in Operation Lone Star, a joint
operation aimed at securing the southern border between Texas and Mexico. This
operation has seen the fortification of riverbanks with additional concertina wire and
other stringent measures to deter illegal crossings.
Scrutiny and Condemnation
Abbott’s stringent actions under Operation Lone Star have invited public scrutiny and
condemnation from the Biden administration. President Biden’s team maintains that the
measures taken by Texas are unnecessary, citing a significant drop in the number of
border crossings since introducing new asylum rules.
Concerns Raised by Immigration Advocates
While Texas claims the floating barriers are necessary to curb illegal immigration,
immigration advocates remain skeptical. They argue that the barriers are unlikely to have
a substantial impact on migration and may, in fact, make crossing the border even more
dangerous for vulnerable migrants.
Badgirs and Qanats
Yazd, a mesmerizing ancient city in central Iran, boasts fascinating architectural wonders
that have stood the test of time. Among these are the renowned wind catchers, called
“badgirs” in Persian, and the traditional water system known as “qanats.”
The Enchanting Badgirs of Yazd
Badgirs, the iconic wind catchers of Yazd, play a pivotal role in providing thermal comfort
to the city’s inhabitants amidst soaring temperatures that often exceed 40 degrees Celsius
(104 Fahrenheit) during summer. These ingeniously designed structures have fascinated
historians and architects for centuries.
1. The Significance of Badgirs: For centuries, before the advent of electricity, badgirs
offered a cooling solution for dwellings in Yazd. They pull fresh air into buildings
while facilitating the ventilation of hot air through large vertical slots, creating a
natural cooling effect that brings comfort to the residents.
2. An Ancient Heritage: The city boasts a staggering number of 700 wind catchers,
with the oldest one dating back to the 14th century. It is believed that these
architectural wonders originated over 2,500 years ago during the rule of the Persian
Empire, showcasing their enduring legacy.
3. The Tallest Badgir in the World: Dowlatabad garden proudly houses one of the
world’s tallest wind catchers, towering at an impressive height of 33 meters (100
feet). These remarkable structures serve as a testament to the ingenious bioclimatic
architecture of Yazd.
Unearthing the Secrets of Qanats
In addition to badgirs, Yazd’s remarkable water system of underground aqueducts, known
as qanats, has been vital for the city’s survival in the arid desert climate.
1. Water Source and Cooling Method: Qanats transport water from underground
wells, aquifers, or mountains, providing a crucial water supply and cooling dwellings
to maintain an ideal temperature. The traditional system has played a significant role
in supporting life in Yazd for thousands of years.
2. Decline in Qanats: Despite their historical importance, qanats have experienced a
decline in recent times, with approximately 33,000 operational qanats estimated to
be in use today, compared to 50,000 in the mid-20th century. The primary reason for
this decline is the drying up of underground water sources due to overconsumption.

Gulf Stream System
A new study has sounded the alarm, revealing that the Gulf Stream system, known as
Amoc (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation), could face collapse as early as 2025.
Amoc plays a vital role in the Earth’s climate system, carrying warm ocean water
northwards and driving the Atlantic’s currents.
Understanding Amoc and Its Vulnerability
Amoc refers to the crucial ocean currents that transport warm water towards the pole,
where it cools and sinks, affecting the entire Atlantic’s circulation. Researchers have noted
that Amoc is currently at its weakest in 1,600 years, mainly due to global heating. The
weakening of these currents raises concerns about a tipping point, leading to potential
collapse.
The Estimated Timescale for Amoc’s Collapse
The study estimates a critical timescale for the collapse of Amoc, ranging from 2025 to
2095. The central estimate points to a dire scenario by 2050, should global carbon
emissions continue unabated. During previous collapses, temperature fluctuations of
approximately 10 degrees Celsius were observed over a span of a few decades, but it is
essential to note that these occurrences took place during ice ages.
Consequences of Amoc’s Collapse
The potential collapse of Amoc carries devastating implications for the global climate.
Disruptions in rainfall patterns are likely to occur in regions like India, South America, and
West Africa, impacting billions of people who depend on these rains for their food supply.
Moreover, Europe would experience increased storms and colder temperatures, while the
eastern coast of North America faces rising sea levels. The Amazon rainforest and
Antarctic ice sheets would also face heightened threats.
The Climate Crisis and Dangerous Tipping Points
Amoc’s potential collapse adds to the list of dangerous tipping points that have been
triggered by global heating. Research in 2022 indicated that five tipping points, including
the shutdown of Amoc, the collapse of Greenland’s ice cap, and abrupt melting of carbon-
rich permafrost, may already have been passed.
Estimating the Tipping Point
To estimate the potential tipping point, researchers used sea surface temperature data
dating back to 1870. This data was mapped onto the path of systems approaching a
“saddle-node bifurcation,” providing insights into the likelihood of Amoc’s collapse.
IPCC’s Assessment
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has previously assessed Amoc’s
risk of collapse and concluded that it would not occur this century. However, researchers
caution that these models may be conservative and call for further investigation.
DS-SAR Satellite Mission
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently announced the scheduled
launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C56 (PSLV-C56), carrying Singapore’s DS-SAR
satellite on July 30, 2023.

The Date and Venue
The PSLV-C56 launch, with the DS-SAR satellite and six co-passengers, is set to take place
on July 30, 2023, at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre located in Sriharikota. This highly
anticipated event marks a significant milestone in space exploration and satellite
technology.
Orbit Specifications
The DS-SAR satellite is destined for a Near-equatorial Orbit (NEO) with an inclination angle
of 5 degrees. This strategic positioning will enable the satellite to efficiently execute its
designated tasks and capture critical data and imagery.
Development Partners
The DS-SAR satellite has been developed through a successful collaboration between the
Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), acting on behalf of the Government of
Singapore, and ST Engineering. The collaboration showcases the combined expertise of
these entities, aiming to leverage advanced technology for sustainable satellite solutions.
Payload Features
The DS-SAR satellite is equipped with a cutting-edge Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
payload, developed by the renowned Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). This advanced
radar technology enables the satellite to conduct all-weather, day and night imaging with
remarkable precision at an impressive resolution of 1 meter in full polarimetry.
Previous Satellite Launch
On April 19, ISRO achieved another milestone by successfully launching two satellites,
TeLEOS-2 and Lumelite-4, belonging to Singapore onboard the PSLV. This demonstrated
ISRO’s capability and expertise in handling complex missions involving multiple payloads.
Co-Passengers on the Mission
The PSLV-C56 mission features six co-passengers, each with unique objectives and
contributions to space research. Among them are VELOX-AM, ARCADE, SCOOB-II, NuLIoN,
Galassia-2, and ORB-12 STRIDER, developed under international collaborations and
technology demonstration programs.
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
Recently, the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court instructed the Goa government to
declare the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary and other regions mentioned in the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA) communications and plans prepared by the Goa forest
department as a tiger reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act within a period of three
months.
About the Sanctuary
Located in the Indian state of Goa, the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature lover’s
paradise, known for its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes. Spanning over an area
of 208.5 square kilometers, this sanctuary is a precious gem in the Western Ghats of South
India. It is situated in North Goa District, Sattari taluka, near the town of Valpoi. With its
diverse range of flora and fauna, the sanctuary has gained recognition for its ecological
significance.
Biodiversity and Geography
The sanctuary is nestled within the Western Ghats, an ecologically sensitive region. It is
characterized by elevations ranging from 200 meters in the west to 560 meters in the
center, encompassing the majestic Vagheri Hills, including Vagheri peak at an elevation of
560 meters – the highest point in North Goa. These hills are a natural habitat for a variety
of wildlife species, and the sanctuary’s unique discovery of a flowing lake or waterbody
shaped like the map of India adds to its charm.
The Mhadei River, also known as the Mandovi River downstream, flows through the
sanctuary, playing a crucial role as the lifeline of Goa. Originating in Karnataka, it travels
through 9.4 kilometers of the sanctuary’s territory before meeting the Arabian Sea at
Panaji after a total journey of 81.2 kilometers in Goa.
Potential Tiger Reserve Status
The sanctuary’s incredible biodiversity and the presence of Bengal tigers have prompted
considerations to designate Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary as a Project Tiger reserve. The
Bombay High Court directed the Goa government to notify the sanctuary and certain
contiguous areas as a tiger reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act. The National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA) has been actively pushing for the creation of this reserve
to safeguard the resident tiger population.
Gabon's Debt-for-Nature Swap Initiative
In a significant move towards environmental conservation, the central African nation of
Gabon has recently made headlines by launching a debt-for-nature swap initiative. This
innovative approach has gained popularity in recent times, with Gabon following the
footsteps of countries like Ecuador, which previously struck a massive deal of its own.
Understanding Debt-for-Nature Swaps
A debt-for-nature swap is a financial mechanism where creditors extend debt relief to
developing countries in exchange for their commitment to take significant steps towards
preserving the environment. These steps can include initiatives such as decarbonizing the
economy, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, or safeguarding biodiverse
ecosystems like forests and reefs. The main goal is to channel the saved resources from
debt relief towards conservation efforts.
The Visionary behind Debt-for-Nature Swaps
The concept of debt-for-nature swaps was first conceived by the late “godfather of
biodiversity,” Thomas Lovejoy, in the 1980s. His visionary idea proposed a win-win
situation for both countries and conservationists, ensuring that financing supports
environmental preservation without compromising economic development.
Boosting Gabon’s Conservation Efforts
Gabon’s decision to embrace a debt-for-nature swap comes as a testament to its
commitment to protecting its precious natural resources. Almost one-third of the world’s
endangered leatherback turtles find their habitat in the nation’s beaches and coastal
waters. By opting for a debt-for-nature swap, Gabon aims to secure a sustainable financial
stream that will aid in the conservation of these vital ecosystems.

The Role of Blue Bonds
As part of the debt-for-nature swap, Gabon will receive an eco-friendly blue bond in
exchange for at least $450 million of its government debt. These blue bonds are an
innovative financial instrument that aligns with sustainable development objectives,
making them an ideal fit for conservation-oriented initiatives.
Learning from Ecuador’s Success
Before Gabon, Ecuador set a remarkable precedent with the largest debt-for-nature swap
deal to date, amounting to a staggering $1.6 billion. This visionary deal has freed up
substantial financial resources, around $18 million annually for two decades, supporting
the conservation efforts of the renowned Galapagos Islands.
Impact and Future Prospects
Gabon’s debt-for-nature swap has the potential to significantly enhance the nation’s
environmental resilience while fostering a more sustainable future. By freeing up fiscal
resources through debt relief, the government can prioritize conservation projects
without compromising on other development priorities.
Son of Concorde
July 25, 2000, was a somber day in aviation history as the iconic Concorde Air France Flight
4590 crashed, marking the end of commercial supersonic flights. However, hopes for a
supersonic comeback have recently been fueled by NASA’s latest experimental aircraft,
the X-59, also known as “Son of Concorde.”
The Concorde Crash and the End of an Era
Tragically, the Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crash claimed 113 lives, including 109 on
board and 4 on the ground. The accident dealt a severe blow to commercial supersonic
flights, leading to the retirement of supersonic airplanes like Concorde and Tupolev
Tu-144 from civilian service in November 2003.
Understanding the Sonic Boom Challenge
Supersonic flights face a significant hurdle in the form of the “sonic boom” or “sonic
thump.” As an aircraft breaks the sound barrier, it generates a loud noise known as the
sonic boom, which can be disruptive and cause disturbances on the ground. This
challenge has deterred the practicality of supersonic air travel for years.
NASA’s X-59: A Beacon of Hope
Amidst the challenges, NASA’s X-59 experimental aircraft has emerged as a beacon of
hope for supersonic travel enthusiasts. The X-59 is designed to fly at speeds exceeding
Mach 1, which is the technical term for the speed of a supersonic aircraft flying faster than
the speed of sound.
Key Specifications of the X-59
The X-59 boasts impressive specifications, with an estimated top speed of approximately
1,500 kilometers per hour. It is relatively compact, with a wingspan of 9 meters and a
length of 30.5 meters. The aircraft’s potential to travel between any two points on Earth
within 2 hours has sparked excitement for a possible revival of supersonic flights.
Addressing the Sonic Boom with Quiet Supersonic Technology
The most promising aspect of NASA’s X-59 is its revolutionary “Quiet Supersonic
Technology.” This innovative approach aims to address the issue of the sonic boom by
converting it into a less loud “sonic thump.” If successful, this technology could pave the
way for environmentally friendly and less disruptive supersonic air travel.
The Future of Supersonic Travel
As NASA prepares for the X-59’s first test flight, expectations run high for the future of
supersonic travel. While inherent challenges remain, including the niche market and fuel
consumption concerns, advancements like the Quiet Supersonic Technology hold the key
to unlocking the true potential of supersonic flight.
Worldcoin Project
The Worldcoin project, spearheaded by OpenAI’s chief Sam Altman, has garnered
significant attention since its launch on July 24, 2023. The project revolves around the
innovative concept of “Proof of Personhood,” aiming to verify digital identity.
The Core Concept: Proof of Personhood
The Worldcoin project revolves around the groundbreaking concept of “Proof of
Personhood.” It seeks to establish a robust and decentralized system for verifying digital
identities, ensuring a more inclusive and secure future for individuals across the globe.
The Parent Company: Tools for Humanity (TFH)
Worldcoin is owned by “Tools for Humanity” (TFH), a technology company dedicated to
leveraging innovative solutions to address societal challenges. The Worldcoin project
aligns perfectly with TFH’s mission of creating a positive impact on a global scale.
The Ecosystem Elements: A Trifecta of Solutions
The Worldcoin project comprises three key elements that form the backbone of its
ecosystem:
1. World ID: A unique digital identity assigned to each individual, making identity
verification more reliable and secure.
2. Worldcoin Token (WLD): The native cryptocurrency of the Worldcoin ecosystem,
facilitating seamless transactions and incentivizing user participation.
3. World App: A user-friendly application enabling individuals to access and manage
their Worldcoin identities and transactions.
The ‘Orb’: Unlocking Identity Verification
Central to the Worldcoin project is the ‘Orb,’ a cutting-edge device leveraging eyeball
scanning technology for seamless identity verification. This futuristic approach ensures
accurate identification, enhancing the overall security of the platform.
Initial Rollout: Global Expansion
The Worldcoin project aims to have its services available in 35 cities across 20 countries
during its initial rollout phase. This extensive global expansion demonstrates the project’s
commitment to providing accessible digital identities to diverse populations.
Orb in India: Pioneering the Way
India takes the lead in adopting Worldcoin’s identity verification technology. With 18
locations currently equipped with the Orb device for sign-up, the country serves as a
prominent testing ground for this groundbreaking initiative.
Beta Testing Milestone
Approximately 18 months ago, the Worldcoin project embarked on its beta testing phase.
This crucial period allowed the team to refine and optimize the platform’s features,
ensuring a seamless user experience upon the official launch.
Limited Token Supply: Ensuring Value
To maintain the value and scarcity of the WLD token, the Worldcoin project has capped its
total supply at 10 million tokens for the next 15 years. This strategic decision is aimed at
promoting a sustainable and thriving token economy.
July 27, 2023
Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar
On 27th July, India’s Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah
inaugurated a significant initiative known as ‘Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar’ (MGMD). The
project is initiated by the Ministry of Culture and aims to culturally map India’s 6.5 lakh
villages across 29 states and 7 union territories.
Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar (MGMD) Initiative
The ‘Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar’ initiative, also known as MGMD, is a pan-India project
spearheaded by the Ministry of Culture under the National Mission on Cultural Mapping.
The project seeks to create a comprehensive virtual platform that connects people with
the diverse cultural heritage of India’s villages.
Objectives of MGMD
The primary objective of the MGMD project is to culturally map India’s vast network of
villages, encompassing 6.5 lakh villages across the country. By doing so, it aims to
showcase and preserve the rich cultural diversity and vibrant traditions present in these
rural communities. The project aspires to bring to the forefront the hidden treasures of
Indian culture and heritage, encouraging people to take pride in their roots.
Encouraging Appreciation for India’s Culture and Traditions
The core idea behind ‘Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar’ is to instill a sense of appreciation and
pride for India’s cultural heritage. By showcasing the diverse cultural wonders each village
has to offer, the initiative hopes to foster a deeper understanding and respect for the
traditions that have been passed down through generations.
Coordinating Efforts with IGNCA
To execute this ambitious project successfully, the Ministry of Culture is working in
coordination with the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA). The IGNCA’s
expertise in cultural mapping and preservation plays a crucial role in ensuring the
accuracy and authenticity of the information presented on the virtual platform.
Samvaad Program: Connecting People and Cultures
As part of the launch event, the ‘Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar’ initiative will feature a
“Samvaad” program. This unique opportunity allows people from different villages to
interact with each other and engage in meaningful conversations with the minister. The
Samvaad program aims to bridge the gap between urban and rural communities,
fostering unity and understanding among India’s diverse populace.
Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill 2023 - Current Updates 2 (July, 2023)
Amidst protests against Manipur violence, the Lok Sabha recently passed the Forest
(Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023. The bill aims to amend certain provisions under the
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, with the objective of increasing India’s forest cover by
creating a carbon sink of 2.5 to 3.0 billion tons of CO equivalent by 2030.
Clarifying the Scope of Applicability
One of the primary objectives of the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023, is to
provide clarity on the Act’s applicability to different types of lands. It proposes the new
short title of the Act to be known as the Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam,
1980. The bill extends the Act’s applicability to certain types of land, including those
notified as a forest under the Indian Forest Act, 1927, or recorded in government records
after the 1980 Act came into effect.
Exemption of Specific Categories of Lands
The bill also brings about exemptions for certain categories of lands from the purview of
the Act. These exemptions are aimed at facilitating development projects without
compromising the environment excessively. The exempted categories include:
1. Forest land alongside a rail line or a public road maintained by the government,
providing access to habitation or rail, and roadside amenities up to a maximum size
of 0.10 hectare.
2. Forest land located within a distance of one hundred kilometers along international
borders or Line of Control or Line of Actual Control, proposed for the construction of
strategic linear projects of national importance concerning national security.
3. Land up to ten hectares proposed for the construction of security-related
infrastructure.
4. Land intended for the construction of defense-related projects, camps for
paramilitary forces, or public utility projects, within Left Wing Extremism affected
areas specified by the Central Government, not exceeding five hectares.
5. Trees or tree plantations raised on lands not declared or notified as a forest as per
the provisions of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, or under any other existing law as of
October 25, 1980.
Guidelines and Concerns
While the bill presents a comprehensive approach to balancing conservation and
development, some concerns have been raised during its passage. Critics argue that
exempting forest land near border areas for national security projects might negatively
impact biodiversity and forest coverage in regions like Jammu & Kashmir and the north-
eastern states.
Additionally, the bill’s exclusion of lands recorded as forests before October 25, 1980, but
not officially notified as forests, may be seen as contradicting a Supreme Court judgment
focused on preventing deforestation.
National Conference on ‘Moving Mental Health Beyond Institutions’

On July 26, the National Conference on ‘Moving Mental Health Beyond Institutions’
commenced with the objective of addressing the challenges in the implementation of the
Mental Healthcare Act, 2017.
Inauguration and Objectives
On July 26, the National Conference on ‘Moving Mental Health Beyond Institutions’
commenced, aiming to primarily address the implementation challenges encountered
during the execution of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017. The conference is designed to
have four thematic sessions covering various aspects of mental health, including
infrastructural and human resource challenges in mental health establishments, rights of
persons with mental illness, and the latest trends in critical care of mental health with an
international perspective.
National Tele-Mental Health Service
The National Tele-Mental Health service has been instrumental in enhancing mental
healthcare accessibility. To date, 42 Tele-Manas cells have been established, recording
over 2 lakh calls. This service has proven crucial, particularly during the Covid-19
pandemic, recognizing the impact of the health crisis on people’s psychological and
emotional well-being.
Magnitude of Mental Health Issues in India
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 7.5% of the Indian
population, which translates to over 90 million individuals, is affected by mental health
issues. The National Mental Health Survey 2015-16 further revealed that an estimated 150
million people across India require mental health care interventions. The Indian
government’s National Health Mission approximates that six to seven percent of the
population suffers from mental disorders.
Government Initiatives for Mental Health
Recognizing the significance of mental health, the Indian government has taken several
initiatives to address mental health challenges. The ‘National Tele Mental Health’ program
was announced in the Budget for the year 2022-23. Additionally, the government set up a
24/7 helpline to provide psycho-social support by mental health professionals to various
target groups, including children, adults, the elderly, women, and healthcare workers.
Guidelines and advisories on managing mental health issues were also issued, catering to
different segments of society.
International Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre - ‘Bharat Mandapam’
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the International Exhibition-cum-
Convention Centre (IECC) complex, which has been christened Bharat Mandapam. This
monumental project, developed as a national endeavor at an estimated cost of
approximately Rs 2,700 crore, aims to showcase and promote India as a global business
destination.
Unveiling Ceremonies
During the grand opening ceremony, Prime Minister Modi unveiled two remarkable items
– the G-20 coin and G-20 stamp. The significance of these unveilings reinforces India’s
growing role in international affairs, solidifying its position as a key player in global
economic and diplomatic arenas.
Magnitude and Infrastructure
The IECC complex sprawls across an extensive campus area of approximately 123 acres,
making it India’s largest Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE)
destination. The convention centre is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, including
multiple meeting rooms, lounges, auditoriums, and an amphitheater, designed to host
large-scale international exhibitions, trade fairs, conferences, and prestigious events.
Seating Capacity and Design
The multi-purpose hall and plenary hall of the convention centre together boast a
staggering seating capacity of seven thousand people, surpassing even the renowned
Sydney Opera House in Australia. However, it is not just the grandeur of the complex that
sets it apart, but also its architectural design inspired by India’s rich traditions.
Inspired by Indian Heritage
The design of the convention centre building draws inspiration from India’s diverse
cultural heritage. Its shape is derived from the Shankha (conch shell), a symbol of
auspiciousness and spirituality in Indian culture. Additionally, the walls and facades of the
centre are adorned with elements depicting India’s traditional art and culture.
Symbolic Depictions
Among the various elements adorning the walls and facades, the ‘Surya Shakti’ highlights
India’s endeavors in harnessing solar energy, underlining the nation’s commitment to
sustainable practices. ‘Zero to ISRO’ signifies India’s significant achievements in space
exploration and technology, while ‘Pancha Mahabhuta’ celebrates the building blocks of
the universe – Aakash (Sky), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire), Jal (Water), and Prithvi (Earth).
Historical Inspiration
The name Bharat Mandapam draws its roots from the idea of Anubhav Mandapam,
advocated by the revered Indian historical figure, Lord Basaveshwara. This concept refers
to a pavilion for public ceremonies, signifying the complex’s inclusive nature, available for
all to experience and utilize.
Jharkhand’s PESA Draft Rules
The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, commonly known as
PESA, plays a crucial role in ensuring self-governance and empowerment for tribal
communities residing in Scheduled Areas. Recently, the Jharkhand government published
draft rules for public consultation to implement PESA in the state.
Understanding PESA and Its Recognition of Tribal Rights
PESA, enacted in 1996, aims to empower tribal communities living in Scheduled Areas
through their own systems of self-government. It recognizes their traditional rights over
natural resources, providing them with a platform to govern themselves.
Rights and Responsibilities of Gram Sabhas
The draft rules for Jharkhand Panchayat Provisions (Extension to the Scheduled Areas)
highlight several rights and responsibilities of gram sabhas, which are essential
institutions for local self-governance:
1. Resolving Disputes: Gram sabhas have the authority to resolve traditional and
family disputes within the community, fostering a sense of unity and harmony.
2. Legal Hearings: The gram sabhas can hear specific cases under the Indian Penal
Code (IPC), enabling local justice delivery systems.
3. Ensuring Peace and Order: Gram sabhas hold fundamental responsibility for
maintaining peace and order within their jurisdiction, aligning with the principles of
the Constitution.
Mandated Standing Committees for Empowerment
To ensure equitable representation and inclusivity, the draft rules have mandated eight
standing committees to operate under the gram sabhas. Among these, the Education and
Social Justice Committee will work towards the economic upliftment of Scheduled Castes,
Scheduled Tribes, and weaker sections, including specially-abled and primitive tribes.
Gender and Tribal Representation
The draft rules emphasize gender and tribal representation within the gram sabhas. At
least 50% of the members in the gram sabhas must be women, promoting women’s
participation in decision-making processes. Additionally, a minimum of 40% of the
members must belong to Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities, ensuring adequate
representation and participation of tribal communities.
Preserving Traditions and Customs
The draft rules recognize the importance of preserving tribal traditions and customs. The
gram sabhas are responsible for maintaining customary law, social practices, and religious
practices of Scheduled Tribe communities, protecting their cultural heritage.
UGC Guidelines for Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
The University Grants Commission (UGC) recently approved the Guidelines for
Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). These
guidelines have been designed with specific aims and objectives in mind to enhance the
overall quality and effectiveness of higher education in India.
Achieving Academic and Research Excellence
One of the primary aims of the IDP is to promote academic and research excellence
among Higher Education Institutions. The guidelines emphasize the importance of
creating an environment that fosters cutting-edge research, encourages innovation, and
facilitates the dissemination of knowledge. By aligning courses with the latest
developments in their respective fields, HEIs can ensure that students receive the most
relevant and up-to-date education.
Improving Teaching-Learning Standards
The IDP also seeks to elevate the teaching-learning standards in HEIs. It encourages
institutions to adopt modern and effective teaching methodologies, leverage technology
for enhanced learning experiences, and create a supportive and engaging learning
environment. The focus is on empowering faculty to deliver high-quality education and
equipping students with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in their chosen
fields.
Enabling Autonomy with Accountability
The guidelines highlight the importance of autonomy for HEIs in decision-making
processes, academic pursuits, and administrative matters. However, this autonomy is to
be accompanied by accountability. HEIs are encouraged to develop a clear governance
structure and effective mechanisms for transparency and accountability to ensure that the
autonomy is utilized responsibly and for the greater benefit of all stakeholders.
Diversifying Funding Sources for Financial Infrastructure
To support the development of financial infrastructure, the IDP recommends HEIs to
explore various funding sources. Possible funding sources encompass government
grants, contributions from alumni, collaborations with the private sector, and initiatives
for fundraising. By diversifying funding, HEIs can reduce dependency on a single source
and ensure sustainable financial growth.
Recommended Revenue Sources for Fully Developed HEIs
For a fully developed HEI, the IDP suggests that revenue should be generated from
multiple sources. These include tuition fees, government grants and subsidies, sponsored
research and development projects, endowments, philanthropic contributions, Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, and royalties on intellectual property (IP)/patents.
Aligning Existing Courses with National Frameworks
HEIs are advised to align their existing courses with key national frameworks such as the
National Education Policy, National Credit Framework, National Higher Education
Qualifications Framework, and National Skills Qualifications Framework. This alignment
ensures that courses are in sync with the evolving educational landscape and cater to the
needs of the students and industries.
Focus on Faculty Development, Capacity Building, and Training
To enhance the quality of education, the IDP emphasizes faculty development, capacity
building, and training. By providing opportunities for professional growth and continuous
learning, HEIs can ensure that their faculty remains well-equipped and updated with the
latest pedagogical practices and advancements in their respective fields.
Preparing Students for New-Age Skills
The guidelines also address the need to prepare students for the demands of the future
job market. This involves upskilling and reskilling the existing workforce in the economy,
offering multi-disciplinary skills, and introducing micro-credentials and new-age
certificate, diploma, and degree programs. By providing holistic and relevant education,
HEIs can produce industry-ready graduates.
Emphasizing Integrated Skilling for Improved Enrolment
Integrated skilling is a significant aspect of the IDP for improving enrolment in all courses.
By offering skilling components alongside academic programs, HEIs can attract a broader
range of students and cater to diverse interests and career aspirations.
What is JUPITER-3?
SpaceX, led by visionary entrepreneur Elon Musk, is set to make history once again by
launching the world’s largest private satellite to space on July 27. The satellite, named
JUPITER-3 and developed by Maxar Technologies, is a breakthrough in the field of
communications satellites, boasting impressive size and cutting-edge technology.
SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy Rocket
SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rocket, known for its triple-booster design, will carry the JUPITER-3
satellite into space. This upcoming launch will signify the Falcon Heavy’s seventh mission,
gaining widespread attention since its inaugural flight in 2018. The rocket has proven to
be a reliable workhorse in the aerospace industry.
Meet JUPITER-3: The Largest Commercial Communications Satellite
JUPITER-3 is not just any ordinary satellite; it is the largest commercial communications
satellite ever built. Developed by Maxar Technologies in Palo Alto, California, this satellite
represents a major leap in satellite technology.
Impressive Size and Capabilities
Upon complete deployment, the JUPITER-3 satellite’s dimensions will resemble the
wingspan of a commercial airliner, ranging from 130 to 160 feet (approximately 40 to 50
meters). Beyond its size, what sets JUPITER-3 apart are its advanced technological features
and capabilities.
Enhancing Satellite Fleet Capacity
One of the primary aims of JUPITER-3 is to double the capacity of Maxar Technologies’
satellite fleet with an additional 500 Gbps. This substantial increase in capacity will enable
the company to better serve customers, especially in regions where cable and fiber
connectivity are unavailable or unreliable, such as in remote areas.
Wide-Ranging Applications
The JUPITER-3 satellite will cater to various communication needs. Its applications include
supporting in-flight Wi-Fi, maritime connections, enterprise networks, backhaul for Mobile
Network Operators (MNOs), and Community Wi-Fi solutions across North and South
America.
Technological Advances and Testing
JUPITER-3 features an updated technological architecture that allows for the
miniaturization of electronics. It includes solid-state amplifiers and enhanced antenna
efficiency. The satellite underwent rigorous vibration and temperature testing, including
Thermal Vacuum Testing, to ensure its resilience in the extreme conditions of space.
What is RoboMapper?
In a groundbreaking development, scientists have introduced RoboMapper, a cutting-
edge robot designed for material testing. This innovative technology promises to
revolutionize the process of identifying materials for solar cells, offering greater efficiency
and sustainability. The robot has already shown remarkable results, identifying perovskite
materials with enhanced stability and efficiency in solar cells.
Identifying Perovskite Materials
RoboMapper’s primary focus is on identifying perovskite materials, known for their
superior light absorption compared to traditional silicon, making solar cells lighter and
more efficient. The robot has successfully pinpointed 150 different compositions of these
materials in an impressively short time, significantly outperforming manual efforts.
Key Testing Parameters
The robot rigorously tests the materials for three crucial characteristics: the crystalline
structure of a perovskite, the optical characteristics represented by the band gap, and the
stability when exposed to intense light. This comprehensive testing process ensures the
identification of optimal materials for solar cell applications.
Advancements Over Conventional Methods
Before the introduction of RoboMapper, the conventional material testing process was
considerably lengthier and energy-consuming. Scientists had to test each sample
individually using multiple instruments. However, RoboMapper streamlines this process
by conducting parallel testing on multiple materials simultaneously, significantly reducing
time and energy consumption.
Overcoming Challenges in Solar Cell Development
The development of stable perovskite-based solar cells has been a major challenge. These
materials tend to degrade on exposure to light, compromising their valuable properties.
RoboMapper’s efficient testing has already resulted in significant strides towards
overcoming this challenge, providing hope for more durable and efficient solar cells.
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
An additional advantage of RoboMapper is its positive impact on the environment. The
new method reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the characterization process by an
impressive tenfold.
Italian Bill Criminalising Surrogacy Abroad
The Italian parliament recently made a significant decision to criminalize surrogacy
abroad, sparking both support and controversy. The bill, which received 166 votes in favor
and 109 against, is aimed at imposing penalties on Italians who engage in surrogacy
overseas. This move has raised concerns and drawn reactions from various groups,
making it a matter of intense debate within the country.
The Surrogacy Ban and Penalties
The approved bill targets individuals seeking surrogacy arrangements outside Italy. Those
found breaking this ban could face hefty fines, reaching up to €1 million, and possible jail
terms of up to two years. The goal is to deter Italians from participating in surrogacy
practices abroad, given that surrogacy is already illegal within the country.
Advocacy by Brothers of Italy
The push to extend the ban on surrogacy to overseas practices came from the Brothers of
Italy party. This move aligns with their policy objectives, supported by their leader, Prime
Minister Giorgia Meloni. The party also forms a coalition with the far-right League party.
The bill’s approval in the chamber of deputies marks a significant step towards making
the ban a reality.

Surrogacy and IVF in Italy
Surrogacy is already prohibited in Italy, and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is accessible solely to
heterosexual couples. The combination of these restrictions creates a challenging
environment for individuals and couples seeking alternative means of parenthood.
Concerns and Criticisms
While the bill finds support from some quarters, it has also attracted criticism. The
LGBTQ+ community in Italy fears that the ban on surrogacy and related policies may
erode the rights and opportunities they have achieved thus far. Meloni’s government has
been accused of prioritizing easier policies over addressing more pressing issues that the
nation faces.
Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT)
The Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) is gearing up for a significant meeting in August,
scheduled to be held in Brisbane. This key gathering aims to determine the future
deployment of the 6 GHz spectrum band for 5G services in India. As India and other
Region 3 member nations, including China, South Korea, Japan, and others, prepare for
the World Radio Communications-2023 conference in Dubai, the decisions made in this
meeting will play a crucial role in shaping the 5G landscape in the country.
Deciding the 6 GHz Spectrum Band for 5G Services
The primary purpose of the APT meeting in Brisbane is to deliberate and finalize the
deployment of the 6 GHz spectrum band for 5G services in India. This decision holds
significant importance as the 6 GHz spectrum band offers internet speeds up to 10 Gbps,
enabling faster and more efficient communication networks. The meeting aims to build
momentum and collective support from all Region 3 nations to embrace the 6 GHz
spectrum for a cost-effective rollout of 5G services.
Key Region 3 Member Nations
The APT meeting will witness participation from crucial Region 3 member nations, which
include India, China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and New
Zealand. This diverse group of countries in the Asia-Pacific region plays a vital role in
driving ICT policy and regulatory coordination, making the meeting a significant platform
for crucial discussions regarding 5G deployment.
Tech Giants’ Interest in the 6 GHz Spectrum Band
Tech giants such as Google, Meta (formerly Facebook), Amazon, Microsoft, Cisco,
Qualcomm, Intel, and Netflix have shown a keen interest in the 6 GHz spectrum band.
They see potential in utilizing this band to boost broadband penetration in rural India
through the WiFi route. With internet speeds of up to 10 Gbps, the 6 GHz spectrum
presents an opportunity to bridge the digital divide and offer affordable and high-speed
internet access to remote areas.
Telcos’ Divergent Stance
On the other hand, India’s top telcos, namely Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, and Vodafone
Idea, have a different perspective. They are vying for the 6 GHz spectrum band to be
auctioned and made fully available for 5G services immediately and for future 6G
endeavors. This divergence in opinions sets the stage for intense discussions during the
APT meeting.
Importance of the APG’s Role
Within the APT, the Asia-Pacific Group (APG) is tasked with aligning all major Region 3
wireless/spectrum matters, including the 6 GHz band deployment for 5G services. The
APG will present a common proposal at the WRC-2023 conference in Dubai, aiming to
harmonize the 6 GHz band’s utilization and create a cost-efficient 5G devices/network
ecosystem centered around these airwaves.
Awaiting India’s Position
Many Region 3 countries are anxiously awaiting India’s position at the upcoming APG
meeting. India’s support for deploying the 6 GHz band for 5G services carries significant
weight, particularly given China’s recent allocation of the band for the same purpose.
India’s decision is expected to have a cascading effect on the region’s 5G strategies and
spectrum allocations.
About the 6 GHz Band
The 6 GHz band is the only mid-band spectrum range capable of accommodating
contiguous bandwidth of 300-400 units per telco. Such capacity is vital to address the
evolving demands in the telecommunications sector towards the year 2030.
Frontier Model Forum
The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have opened up exciting possibilities
across various sectors, but they also bring with them significant security risks. To address
these challenges and foster responsible AI development, an industry-led body named the
Frontier Model Forum has been established. Comprised of four industry giants –
Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI – the Forum aims to focus on safe AI
development, with a particular emphasis on frontier models, which are large-scale
machine-learning models with extensive capabilities.
Pillars of the Frontier Model Forum’s Work
The Frontier Model Forum is committed to advancing AI safety research and fostering
collaboration among member organizations. By doing so, they seek to identify and
address potential security vulnerabilities in frontier models. To achieve this, the Forum
operates on four core pillars:
Advancing AI Safety Research
The primary objective of the Forum is to make substantial contributions to ongoing AI
safety research. Through collaboration and knowledge-sharing among member
organizations, the Forum aims to identify potential risks and security gaps in frontier
models. By addressing these concerns, they strive to enhance the safety and reliability of
AI technologies.
Determining Best Practices
To ensure the responsible deployment of frontier models, the Forum seeks to establish
standardized best practices. These guidelines will provide AI companies with a clear
framework for the ethical and safe use of their powerful AI tools. By adhering to these
best practices, companies can minimize risks and uphold high standards in their AI
developments.
Engaging with Stakeholders
The Forum recognizes the importance of collaboration and partnerships with various
stakeholders. Policymakers, academics, civil society, and other companies play a critical
role in shaping the ethical and societal implications of AI. By engaging with these
stakeholders, the Forum aims to align efforts and collectively address the multifaceted
challenges arising from AI development.
Tackling Societal Challenges
One of the Forum’s key objectives is to promote the development of AI technologies that
effectively address society’s most pressing challenges. By fostering the responsible and
safe use of frontier models, the potential positive impact of AI in areas such as healthcare,
climate change, and education can be harnessed for the greater good.
The Road Ahead for the Frontier Model Forum
Looking ahead, the Frontier Model Forum has outlined its focus for the next year,
concentrating on advancing the first three objectives. The Forum’s collective efforts will
play a pivotal role in shaping the future of AI development, ensuring that technological
progress goes hand in hand with safety and ethical considerations.
Recent Safety Agreement and Membership Criteria
The establishment of the Frontier Model Forum follows a recent safety agreement forged
between the White House and top AI companies. This agreement highlights the need to
subject AI systems to rigorous tests for identifying and preventing harmful behavior.
Additionally, it emphasizes the implementation of watermarks on AI-generated content to
ensure accountability and traceability.
The Forum’s membership criteria underscore the importance of track record and
commitment to safety. AI companies with experience in producing frontier models and a
strong dedication to safety are outlined as potential members. This ensures that the
Forum comprises organizations that are at the forefront of AI development and share a
collective commitment to fostering responsible practices.
Japan’s Population Decline
Japan, known for its rich culture and technological advancements, is facing significant
demographic challenges. As of 2022, the country’s total population stands at 125.41
million, but it has been experiencing a decline over the past years.
The Population Decline and Demographic Trends
The population of Japanese nationals has been declining steadily, and in 2022, it witnessed
a drop of 0.65%, amounting to approximately 8,00,000 people. This marks the 14th
consecutive year of falling numbers, highlighting a concerning trend for the country’s
future. Japan’s population peaked in 2008 before starting its downward trajectory,
attributed to a declining birth rate.
The Role of Foreign Residents
Amidst the declining native population, Japan is experiencing an increase in foreign
residents. As of 2022, the number of foreign residents reached almost three million,
representing about 2.4% of the total population. This surge in foreign residents marks the
largest year-on-year rise since statistics were first recorded in 2013. The presence of
foreign residents is playing an increasingly vital role in addressing the challenges posed
by the shrinking and aging population.
Government Initiatives and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s Pledge
The Japanese government recognizes the urgency of tackling the declining population
issue and is actively taking steps to address it. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has set
tackling the declining birth rate as a top policy goal. In pursuit of this goal, he has
committed to obtaining approximately 3.5 trillion yen (equivalent to $25.2 billion) in yearly
funding for the next three years, designated towards implementing a fresh child care
package. The package includes provisions for child birth and rearing allowances, as well as
increased subsidies for higher education, aiming to incentivize families to have more
children.
Embracing Foreign Workers
The government’s efforts to combat the population decline also involve embracing
foreign workers. Last month, Mr. Kishida’s Cabinet approved a significant shift in Japan’s
immigration policy. The plan entails expanding the scope of job categories allowed for
foreign workers, opening the door for future permanent residency. This change aims to
attract skilled foreign workers to address labor shortages and contribute to the country’s
economic growth.
UK-India Defence and Military Technology Cooperation Workshop
In a landmark event, senior government officials, sectoral experts, and industry
representatives from India and the UK gathered in London for the UK-India Defence and
Military Technology Cooperation workshop. Organized by the International Institute for
Strategic Studies (IISS) in collaboration with India’s Bharat Shakti defence platform, the
workshop aimed to explore synergies and enhance bilateral cooperation in the defence
and military technology sector.
Exploring Collaborative Defence Research and Industrial Partnerships
The workshop delved into various vital topics, such as the evolving strategic context of UK-
India defence relations. It also shed light on the perspectives surrounding India’s
Atmanirbhar programme (self-reliance) and the UK’s defence technology partnerships.
Additionally, participants engaged in discussions on boosting military and manufacturing
partnerships, all in line with the India-UK 2030 Roadmap’s focus on Defence and Security
as a key pillar of bilateral ties.
Key Objectives of the India-UK 2030 Roadmap
Signed in May 2021 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and British counterpart Boris
Johnson, the India-UK 2030 Roadmap seeks to establish a new strategic collaborative
partnership. This partnership is dedicated to research, innovation, technology, and
industry, aimed at developing transformational defence and security capabilities. The

roadmap aims to deepen industrial partnerships, explore shared export opportunities,
and elevate defence capabilities.
Building Mutual Trust and Identifying Opportunities
The primary objective of this workshop was to catalyze change in the India-UK defence
relationship. By fostering mutual trust and identifying key opportunities for defence
research collaboration and defence industrial partnerships, the workshop aimed to pave
the way for stronger cooperation.
The Workshop Format and Future Plans
Held within a closed-door track 1.5 format, the workshop attracted high-level participants,
including a drop-in appearance by UK National Security Adviser (NSA) Sir Tim Barrow. It is
expected to become a regular feature in the bilateral calendar, with the next edition
planned for New Delhi early next year and a third follow-up in London. This regular
engagement signifies a commitment to nurturing the evolving India-UK defence ties.
July 28, 2023
Enhancing Connectivity and Sustainability in Bihar Roads Project
Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth and
improving the overall well-being of communities. In this endeavor, the Indian
government, in partnership with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), has embarked on a
transformative project in Bihar. The Bihar Roads Project aims to upgrade around 265 km
of state highways with climate and disaster resilient designs and road safety elements.
The Total Loan Amount
The Bihar Roads Project is a substantial initiative, and the financial commitment is equally
noteworthy. The Indian government and the ADB have signed an agreement for a
whopping $295 million loan to fund this infrastructure transformation. Such a significant
investment showcases the project’s importance and the stakeholders’ determination to
enhance connectivity and safety in Bihar.
Upgrading State Highways
With the $295 million loan, the project aims to upgrade approximately 265 km of state
highways. The focus is on elevating these roads to standard two-lane widths, thereby
facilitating smoother traffic flow and enhancing transportation efficiency in the state.
Additionally, the project intends to incorporate climate and disaster resilient designs into
the upgraded highways, ensuring the region’s preparedness to tackle adverse weather
conditions.
Improving Road Safety
Apart from enhancing the infrastructure, the Bihar Roads Project places paramount
importance on improving road safety. Road accidents and fatalities have been a
concerning issue in many regions, including Bihar. By implementing road safety elements,
the project seeks to minimize accidents and ensure safer journeys for commuters and
pedestrians.
Beneficiaries – Bihar’s Rural Districts
The Bihar Roads Project holds the potential to create a positive impact on the lives of
people residing in the state’s rural districts. Upgraded and well-maintained roads will
significantly enhance connectivity, providing easier access to crucial facilities such as
healthcare and education. Moreover, improved connectivity to markets will open up new
economic opportunities for the local population, potentially alleviating poverty and
boosting overall development.
Bihar State Road Development Corporation Limited’s Role
The organization spearheading the development and management of the state’s roads is
the Bihar State Road Development Corporation Limited. As a key player in this project,
they are responsible for developing a road asset management system that incorporates
climate change and disaster risk information. This system will enable better decision-
making and prompt responses to potential challenges.
ADB’s Ongoing Support
The ADB’s involvement in Bihar’s development is not limited to the current project. Since
2008, ADB has already provided five loans, totaling an impressive $1.63 billion, for various
infrastructure upgrades in the state. These loans have funded the upgradation of about
1,696 km of state highways and the construction of a new bridge over the Ganga. This
sustained support underscores the ADB’s commitment to Bihar’s progress and
development.
Rajkot International Airport
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, inaugurated Rajkot International Airport and
various development initiatives amounting to over Rs 860 crores in Rajkot, Gujarat. This
ambitious airport project holds the promise of transforming the region’s transportation
infrastructure and contributing to the local industry’s development.
Total Cost and Land Area
The construction of the Rajkot International Airport has been a substantial undertaking,
with a total cost of approximately ₹1,500 crore. This significant financial commitment
highlights the government’s determination to provide world-class infrastructure to the
region. The airport has been developed on a sprawling land area of more than 2500 acres,
emphasizing its grand scale and capacity.
A Runway for Big Aircraft
The airport boasts a well-designed and spacious runway, stretching 3,000 meters long.
This impressive length allows big aircraft to land comfortably, facilitating seamless air
travel and transportation of goods and passengers.
Green and Sustainable Features
One of the most commendable aspects of the Rajkot International Airport is its focus on
sustainability and environmental responsibility. The terminal building has earned a
prestigious GRIHA -4 compliance rating, signifying its adherence to Green Rating for
Integrated Habitat Assessment standards. Various sustainable features such as Double
Insulated Roofing System, skylights, LED lighting, and Low Heat Gain Glazing have been
incorporated into the New Terminal Building (NITB), ensuring energy efficiency and
reduced environmental impact.
Cultural Vibrancy and Art
The design of the airport’s terminal has been thoughtfully inspired by Rajkot’s rich
cultural heritage. The architecture resonates with the city’s artistic vibrancy, showcasing
the region’s art forms from Lippan art to Dandiya dance through dynamic external façade
and splendid interiors. This artistic touch adds a unique charm to the airport, making it a
symbol of cultural pride.
Boosting Local Industry and Economy
The Rajkot International Airport is not just about improved connectivity; it holds the
potential to be a catalyst for local economic development. The airport’s presence is
expected to contribute significantly to the growth of the local automobile industry in
Rajkot. Additionally, it will encourage trade, tourism, education, and industrial sectors
throughout Gujarat, fostering overall economic prosperity.
Memorandum of Understanding and Foundation Stone
The construction of this remarkable Greenfield Airport is the result of a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) signed between the Airport Authority of India and the Civil Aviation
Department of the Government of Gujarat. The foundation stone for the international
airport was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a Bhoomipujan ceremony on 7th
October 2017, held in Hirasar village, near Chotila.
July 29, 2023
What are Tail Strikes?
Tail strikes are a concerning issue in aviation, where the tail of an aircraft hits the ground
or a stationary object during takeoff or landing. Such incidents can lead to significant
damage to the aircraft’s structural integrity, requiring major repairs. IndiGo, one of India’s
leading airlines, recently faced consequences for frequent tail strike incidents, resulting in
a fine of Rs 30 lakhs imposed by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
DGCA’s Intervention – Rs 30 Lakhs Fine
The DGCA is the regulatory body responsible for overseeing civil aviation operations in
India. Following a special audit that revealed “systemic deficiencies” in IndiGo’s
documentation regarding operations, training, and engineering procedures related to tail
strikes, the DGCA issued a fine of Rs 30 lakhs to the airline. This financial penalty
emphasizes the seriousness with which authorities view tail strike incidents.
Understanding Tail Strikes – Frequency and Impact
IndiGo experienced four tail strike incidents within a span of six months, reflecting the
severity of the problem. These incidents often occur during aircraft landings, accounting
for over 65% of all tail strikes, according to Airbus statistical data. The latest tail strike
incident for IndiGo took place during a landing at Ahmedabad airport on June 15.
Root Cause – Pilot Error
The primary cause of tail strikes in aircraft can be attributed to pilot error. While modern
aircraft come equipped with advanced systems to aid pilots and reduce the probability of
human error, most tail strikes occur due to mistakes made by the flight crew during
takeoff or landing. These errors are related to the aircraft’s pitching motion, specifically
improper execution during critical phases of flight.
Tail Strikes During Takeoffs – Factors and Consequences
Tail strikes during takeoffs can occur due to various reasons:
1. Incorrect Takeoff Speeds: Each aircraft has a designated takeoff speed (Vr) based
on its weight. Attempting takeoff below this minimum speed can lead to the tail
hitting the ground, caused by insufficient lift from the wings.
2. Poor Rotation Technique: During takeoff, pilots need to achieve liftoff by pulling
back on the control stick (stick) at Vr. A tail strike may occur when there is an
excessive pitch rate, leading to a situation where the aircraft’s nose is elevated too
high while it has not yet gained sufficient altitude from the ground.
3. Incorrect Center of Gravity or Mistrimmed Stabilizer: Errors in setting the
aircraft’s stabilizer to account for its center of gravity can affect pitch control, making
it more susceptible to mishandling by the pilot and leading to a tail strike.
Tail Strikes During Landings – Challenges and Impact
Tail strikes during landings are more common and usually result in more significant
damage due to the aircraft’s impact with the ground. These incidents often occur during
unstable approaches, which can be caused by several factors:
1. Too Low Approach Speed: During landing, if the approach speed is too low, the
aircraft will sink rapidly. Pilots may attempt to compensate by pulling back on the
controls, increasing the pitch attitude and reducing tail clearance, making a tail strike
more likely.
2. Improper Landing Flare: The landing flare is a maneuver that involves raising the
nose of the aircraft to achieve an optimum landing. Initiating the flare too early or
too late can lead to complications, potentially causing a tail strike.
3. Incorrect Handling During Crosswinds: Crosswinds during landing present a
challenge for pilots, as they must maintain a stable approach while being pushed
away from the runway. The use of roll controls during crosswind landings can impact
lift generation and increase the chances of a tail strike.
Free Movement Regime
The India-Myanmar border spans an extensive 1,643 kilometers and is a critical area for
cross-border relations and movements. In 2018, as part of the Act East policy by the
Narendra Modi government, the Free Movement Regime (FMR) was established to
facilitate migration without a visa for tribes residing along the Indo-Myanmar Border
(IMB). While the FMR was designed to strengthen ties and promote trade, it has also
posed challenges in terms of illegal immigration, insurgent activities, and drug trafficking.
Fostering Cross-Border Movement
The primary purpose of the FMR is to encourage people-to-people contact and enable
tribes living along the India-Myanmar border to travel up to 16 kilometers inside each
other’s territories without a visa. This arrangement aimed to address historical border
demarcation issues that divided people of the same ethnicity and culture without their
consent.
Challenges of Illegal Immigration
While the FMR aimed to foster harmonious relations, it inadvertently gave rise to concerns
over illegal immigration. The Manipur government identified 2,187 illegal migrants, raising
questions about security and potential ethnic tensions.
Insurgent Activities and Drug Trafficking
The unfenced and porous nature of the India-Myanmar border has also posed security
challenges. Insurgent groups such as UNLF, PLA, ULFA, NSCN, Kukis, and Zomis have
reportedly established camps in Myanmar. These groups engage in drug trafficking and
weapon sales, exploiting the porous border and frequent misuse of the FMR.
Suspension of the FMR
As the situation escalated in Myanmar due to the military coup in February 2021, India
temporarily suspended the FMR in September 2022. The suspension was aimed at
addressing the challenges posed by illegal immigration and drug trafficking along the
border.
Balancing the Approach
While the suspension of the FMR addressed some immediate concerns, completely
removing the regime or fully fencing the border could have adverse consequences. Such
actions could impact local livelihoods and essential cross-border travel for healthcare and
education. Experts suggest adopting a “killing the snake without breaking the stick”
approach, which involves better regulation and administration of the border areas.
AHA and ACC Guidelines for Treating Chronic Heart Conditions
The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) have
recently revised their guidelines for treating chronic heart conditions. The updated
guidelines aim to provide the latest evidence-based recommendations for managing heart
health.
Addressing Chronic Heart Conditions
The revised guidelines cover a range of chronic heart conditions, including chronic chest
pain, heart attacks, surgeries to open blockages, and narrowing vessels due to fatty
depositions. These conditions are prevalent and require careful management to reduce
the risk of further complications.
The Cornerstone Recommendations for Heart Health
The updated guidelines emphasize the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle as the
cornerstone of heart health. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and lifestyle changes play a
pivotal role in preventing and managing heart conditions. These lifestyle modifications are
crucial in lowering the risk factors associated with heart diseases.
Avoiding Routine Tests for Everyone
The guidelines do not recommend routine tests, such as treadmill tests or CT
Angiography, for everyone. Instead, the focus is on evaluating individual symptoms and
capacities. If no recent changes in symptoms or capacity are observed, healthcare
professionals suggest attempting lifestyle changes and therapies before conducting any
tests.
Optimal Timing for Angioplasty
Angioplasty, a procedure to open blockages in the heart, is beneficial when performed
within hours of a heart attack. The guidelines emphasize the criticality of timely
intervention to save the heart muscles and reduce the risk of complications.
First-Line Treatment for High Cholesterol Levels
Statins remain the first-line treatment for individuals with high levels of bad cholesterol.
They effectively lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
Other medicines, such as ezetimibe or bempedoic acid, may be prescribed in addition to
statins if LDL targets are not achieved or if patients cannot tolerate statins.
Managing Stress and Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Beta-blockers, a class of medicines, are prescribed to reduce stress on the heart and
prevent abnormal rhythms. While they are beneficial after a heart attack, studies suggest
that long-term use beyond a year or two may not provide significant benefits.
Newer Generations of Diabetes Medicines
The updated guidelines recommend the use of newer generations of diabetes medicines,
such as semaglutide and mounjaro, even for individuals without diabetes. These
medications have shown promising results in reducing the risk of heart disease and
obesity, in addition to controlling blood glucose levels.
Non-Prescription Supplements and E-cigarettes
According to the guidelines, non-prescription supplements such as fish oil, omega-3 fatty
acids, or vitamins do not provide significant benefits in reducing the risk of cardiovascular
events. Additionally, e-cigarettes are not recommended as a tool for smoking cessation
due to a lack of long-term safety data and potential risks associated with sustained use.
Parkachik Glacier
The Himalayan region has long been a subject of scientific interest due to its vast glaciers
and their crucial role as a water source. Recently, a study conducted by the Wadia Institute
of Himalayan Geology has shed light on the formation of glacial lakes around Parkachik
Glacier in Ladakh, raising important concerns about glacial retreat and its implications.
The Formation of Glacial Lakes
According to the study’s observations, three glacial lakes are likely to form around
Parkachik Glacier in Ladakh. These findings indicate significant changes in the glacial
landscape, necessitating a deeper understanding of the contributing factors.
Glacier Retreat Rates
The study examined historical satellite imagery dating from 1971 to 2021 to assess the
rate of glacier retreat. Between 1971 and 1999, the average rate of glacier retreat was
recorded at two meters per annum. However, between 1999 and 2021, this rate escalated
dramatically, reaching an average of around 12 meters per annum.
Global Warming as the Culprit
The primary reason behind the rapid melting of glaciers, including Parkachik Glacier, is
attributed to global warming. Rising temperatures in the region have accelerated the ice
melt, leading to alarming consequences for the delicate Himalayan ecosystem.
Size and Dimensions of Parkachik Glacier
The Parkachik Glacier situated in Ladakh is among the most significant glaciers in the Suru
River valley, encompassing an extensive expanse of 53 square kilometers and extending
approximately 14 kilometers in length. This impressive glacier plays a vital role in
supplying water to the region.
Understanding Accumulation and Ablation
The study also delved into the concepts of accumulation and ablation in glacial dynamics.
Accumulation refers to the buildup of snow at the top of a glacier, while ablation signifies
the melting of the glacier’s lower half.
Potential Formation of Proglacial Lakes
The research highlighted a significant finding known as ‘surface ice velocity,’ indicating
that the glacier’s lower ablation zone experienced a reduction of 28% in ice velocity
between 1999 and 2020-21. This reduction led to the prediction that three proglacial lakes
are likely to form near the glacier, presenting potential risks and challenges.
Rajasthan Secondary Towns Development Sector Project
In a significant development, the central government and the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) recently signed a loan agreement amounting to USD 200 million as additional
financing for the ongoing Rajasthan Secondary Towns Development Sector Project. This
financial boost aims to address basic infrastructure gaps in secondary towns of Rajasthan,
ushering in improved living conditions and urban services.
Reducing Infrastructure Gaps: The Purpose of Additional Financing
The primary purpose of the additional financing for the Rajasthan Secondary Towns
Development Sector Project is to reduce basic infrastructure gaps prevalent in secondary
towns across the state. By addressing these deficiencies, the project aims to enhance the
quality of life for residents and promote sustainable urban development.
Innovative and Climate-Resilient Solutions: Incorporating Progress
The project is set to incorporate innovative and climate-resilient solutions to expand urban
services. By integrating cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices, the
development initiatives seek to bolster the resilience of these towns to climate challenges
and future-proof their infrastructure.
Connecting Households to Water Services: Progress Update
As part of the ongoing project, an impressive milestone has been achieved, with a total of
68,098 households now connected to water services in selected secondary towns across
Rajasthan. This significant improvement has resulted in enhanced access to clean and safe
drinking water for a considerable number of residents.
Extensive Water Supply and Sewer Pipe Laying
The ongoing project has seen the laying of 1,451 kilometers of water supply pipes and
1,110 kilometers of sewer pipes. This extensive infrastructure development has been
instrumental in improving the water distribution and sewage systems in the targeted
towns.
Improvement of Water Supply Systems in Seven Towns
With the additional financing, the project aims to improve water supply systems in at least
seven towns. This will involve converting groundwater sources to surface water, replacing
approximately 700 kilometers of leaking water pipes, and installing 1,400 kilometers of
new water supply pipelines. Furthermore, the financing will provide 77,000 households
with water meter connections, enhancing the efficiency of water usage and distribution.
Establishing New Water Treatment Plants
The amount received as additional financing will also be utilized to establish three new
water treatment plants. This significant step will enhance water purification processes,
ensuring a reliable supply of clean water to the towns.
Uplifting Sanitation Systems in Eight Towns
The project seeks to uplift sanitation systems in at least eight towns by undertaking crucial
initiatives. This includes restoring approximately 580 kilometers of sewers and building
seven sewage treatment plants equipped with co-treatment units to process fecal sludge
and septage. Additionally, at least 54,000 households will be connected to the sewage
system, leading to improved sanitation conditions.
ARCL and CDMDF
The Indian financial market has witnessed significant growth and development in recent
years, driven by various government initiatives aimed at enhancing liquidity, market
stability, and investor confidence. In a recent event, Union Finance Minister Nirmala
Sitharaman launched two crucial institutions (ARCL and CDMDF) to further bolster the
corporate debt market and encourage global market access for Indian companies.
AMC Repo Clearing Limited (ARCL): Clearing and Settlement of Corporate Bond Repo Transactions
One of the significant developments in India’s financial market is the establishment of
AMC Repo Clearing Limited (ARCL). The newly launched institution focuses on the clearing
and settlement of corporate bond repo transactions. By facilitating smooth and efficient
repo services, ARCL aims to widen and deepen the corporate bond repo market. This
move is expected to boost liquidity and improve accessibility to funding for inventory and
short-term liquidity needs without liquidating assets. ARCL represents a pivotal step
towards creating a more vibrant and dynamic corporate bond repo market.
Corporate Debt Market Development Fund (CDMDF): Enhancing Secondary Market Liquidity
The government’s commitment to enhancing secondary market liquidity in the corporate
bond market led to the creation of the Corporate Debt Market Development Fund
(CDMDF). This fund operates as a permanent institutional framework to instill confidence
among market participants during both stressed and normal times. The CDMDF’s primary
goal is to purchase investment-grade debt securities, thereby bolstering the bond
market’s development and stability. It provides a backstop facility in times of market
dislocation, offering a safeguard for corporate debt investors and contributing to a more
resilient financial ecosystem.
Market Capitalisation Milestone: India’s Progress
Market Capitalisation has reached an impressive Rs. 300 lakh crore. This achievement is a
testament to the country’s robust financial market growth. Over the past decade, India’s
Market Capitalisation has nearly doubled every five years, making it the fifth most-valued
country globally. The surge in Market Capitalisation reflects growing investor confidence
and a positive outlook for India’s economic prospects.
IFSC: Enabling Direct Listing and Access to Global Markets
The International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) is a crucial platform that enables direct
listing of listed and unlisted companies on its exchanges. This initiative is set to be
operational shortly, allowing startups and similar companies to access global markets
through the GIFT IFSC. Such access to global markets not only offers Indian companies
better valuations but also opens doors to global capital, fostering growth and expansion
opportunities.
Expanding Corporate Debt Issuers: REITs and InvITs
The Union Budget 2021 introduced a legal framework for new types of entities, such as
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs), to
issue corporate debt securities. This move diversifies the corporate bond market by
encouraging different entities to participate actively. REITs and InvITs contribute to the
country’s infrastructure and real estate sectors, attracting a wider investor base and
boosting overall market activity.
July 31, 2023
NASA's SpaceX Crew-7 Mission
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 mission is a testament to the power of international cooperation
and collaboration in advancing space exploration. A diverse group of astronauts
representing NASA, ESA, JAXA, and Roscosmos is embarking on a vital expedition to the
International Space Station (ISS).
Endurance: The Spacecraft of Crew-7
For NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 mission, the spacecraft responsible for carrying the astronauts
to the ISS is named Endurance. Developed by SpaceX, this Dragon spacecraft will
accelerate at an astonishing speed of 17,500 mph during its orbital insertion to
rendezvous with the orbiting laboratory.
ESA’s Representation: Andreas Mogensen
Crew-7 represents international cooperation, with astronaut Andreas Mogensen
representing the European Space Agency (ESA). Hailing from Denmark, Mogensen holds
the distinction of being the first Danish citizen to venture into space during a 10-day
mission to the ISS in 2015. On Crew-7, he serves as the pilot, overseeing spacecraft
systems and performance.
Jasmin Moghbeli: A Record-Breaking NASA Astronaut
NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli, a pivotal member of Crew-7, embarks on her first trip to
space. Prior to becoming an astronaut, Moghbeli’s impressive career as a test pilot
included accumulating more than 150 combat missions and 2,000 flight hours across 25
different aircraft. As the mission commander, she assumes responsibility for all flight
phases, from launch to re-entry. Additionally, she serves as an Expedition 69/70 flight
engineer aboard the ISS.
Satoshi Furukawa: JAXA’s Veteran
JAXA astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, hailing from Japan, is no stranger to space travel. He
spent 165 days aboard the ISS as part of Expeditions 28 and 29 in 2011. With a medical
background and expertise, Furukawa will bring his knowledge to the space station as a
flight engineer during Expedition 69/70, enriching the mission with valuable insights.
Konstantin Borisov: Roscosmos’ Newcomer
Roscosmos astronaut Konstantin Borisov is set to experience his first space journey as
part of Crew-7. Joining the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps in 2018, Borisov assumes the role
of a mission specialist, monitoring the spacecraft during dynamic launch and entry phases
of flight. During Expedition 69/70, he will also serve as a flight engineer, contributing to
the mission’s success.
Florida Launch Pad: Setting Sail for Space
The journey of Crew-7 begins at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where they
launch from Launch Pad 39A. The Falcon 9 rocket will propel the Dragon spacecraft,
Endurance, into space, ensuring precise timing and trajectory for a successful rendezvous
with the ISS.
Harmony Module: The Destination for Dragon’s Docking
Once in orbit, Crew-7’s members will guide the Dragon spacecraft to the space-facing port
of the ISS’s Harmony module. A series of automatic maneuvers will be closely monitored,
and the crew will be ready to take manual control if needed, ensuring a safe and accurate
docking procedure.
A Quest for Knowledge: 200+ Science Experiments and Technology Demonstrations
Beyond reaching the ISS, Crew-7’s mission involves conducting over 200 scientific
experiments and technology demonstrations. These endeavors encompass various
disciplines such as biology, physics, astronomy, and material science, yielding valuable
data for future space missions and groundbreaking innovations on Earth.
What is TechEquity?
In a significant stride towards gender equality and digital inclusion, India is set to launch
TechEquity – a transformative digital platform aimed at empowering women worldwide.
With its official unveiling scheduled on the first day of the two-day G20 EMPOWER summit
in Gandhinagar, TechEquity holds the promise of impacting two to three million women in
the coming year.
TechEquity: Bridging the Gender Digital Divide
TechEquity emerges as a pioneering initiative under India’s G20 presidency, seeking to
bridge the gender digital divide. The platform’s primary goal is to empower women by
equipping them with essential digital and financial literacy, tech skill development, and
core skill enhancement courses.
Multilingual Access: Inclusivity for All
TechEquity prioritizes inclusivity by offering content in an impressive 120 languages. This
multilingual approach ensures that women from diverse linguistic backgrounds can
access the platform, irrespective of geographical location.
Three Years of Support: India’s Commitment
India showcases its commitment to women’s empowerment by funding TechEquity for
the next three years. This financial support ensures the platform’s sustainability and
continued efforts towards bridging the gender digital divide.
FICCI: Ensuring Smooth Functioning
The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) plays a critical role in
maintaining TechEquity. As the organization responsible for its upkeep, FICCI ensures
seamless operations and enriches the user experience.
EMPOWER: Catalyzing Women’s Economic Representation
EMPOWER, the G20 Alliance for Empowerment and Progression of Women’s Economic
Representation, was established in 2019. It is the G20 coalition dedicated to advancing and
promoting the economic representation and empowerment of women. This alliance
operates under the Sherpa Track, bringing together government and private sector
representation, with a primary focus on accelerating women’s leadership and
empowerment across G20 nations.
Arsht–Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center’s “Scorching Divide” Report
The “Scorching divide: How extreme heat inflames gender inequalities in health and
income” report was released recently by the Arsht–Rockefeller Foundation Resilience
Center (Arsht-Rock). It sheds light on the potential threats posed by extreme
temperatures in various countries.
A Dire Warning: Lives at Stake
The “Scorching Divide” report delivers a stark warning, projecting that if left unchecked,
extreme temperatures in India, Nigeria, and the United States could claim nearly 204,000
women’s lives annually by 2050. This chilling statistic emphasizes the urgent need for
comprehensive climate action to protect vulnerable communities.
Key Aspects of Women’s Lives Impacted
According to the report, extreme heat significantly affects three fundamental aspects of
women’s lives: unpaid domestic labor, paid employment, and health. The
disproportionate burden on women becomes amplified during periods of extreme heat,
affecting their overall well-being.
The Toll on Working Hours
In India, women face a substantial loss of working hours due to extreme heat conditions.
On average, women lose 41 minutes per day, which increases to 47 minutes during years
with exceptionally high temperatures. This loss in productivity can have far-reaching
consequences on their economic stability.
Economic Losses to Women’s Paid Labor Productivity
The report estimates that extreme temperatures result in staggering annual economic
losses of $120 billion to women’s paid labor productivity. This alarming figure underscores
the need to address climate change as an urgent economic and social imperative.
Unpaid Labor’s Weighty Impact
Across the three countries, up to 75 per cent of women’s productivity losses are attributed
to unpaid labor. Women bear the brunt of domestic responsibilities, and extreme heat
exacerbates the already existing disparities in unpaid labor.
Projected Increase in Daily Heat Loss
The report projects a worrisome trend, suggesting that the average daily hours lost to
heat could increase by 30 per cent by 2050. This projection signals the severity of the
problem and necessitates immediate climate adaptation measures.
Unpacking “Time Poverty”
The “Scorching Divide” report introduces the concept of “time poverty,” which refers to
the chronic feeling of having too many responsibilities and insufficient time to fulfill them.
Extreme heat intensifies this burden for women, creating additional stress and pressures.
Projected Increase in Paid Work Losses
By 2050, women’s paid work losses are projected to increase significantly, ranging from 18
to 44 per cent. This projection raises concerns about gender equity in the workforce and
underscores the importance of gender-inclusive climate policies.
Impact on Nigerian Sectors
In Nigeria, extreme heat adversely affects the agriculture and manufacturing sectors,
directly impacting at least 22 million women. These findings highlight the need to support
and empower women in climate-vulnerable sectors.
Solnhofia parsonsi
The world of paleontology never fails to surprise us, and one such astonishing discovery is
the fossil of an ancient marine turtle named Solnhofia parsonsi. This remarkable find has
provided scientists with invaluable insights into the past, offering a glimpse of life during
the Jurassic period, approximately 150 million years ago.
Unearthing the Past: Solnhofia parsonsi
Solnhofia parsonsi has become a subject of fascination for researchers around the globe.
The fossil was discovered in the southeastern region of Germany, in a limestone quarry
abundant in fossils dating back to the later stages of the Jurassic period. This quarry has
yielded a diverse collection of marine animals and reptiles that lived during that ancient
era.
A Look into the Past: The Jurassic Period
Jurassic, the geological period during which Solnhofia parsonsi lived, was a time known for
its diverse range of life forms. Dinosaurs roamed the Earth, and marine life flourished in
the ancient oceans. It was a period of great evolutionary significance, and the discovery of
this well-preserved fossil adds another piece to the puzzle of Earth’s history.
Characteristics of Solnhofia parsonsi
Unlike modern-day marine turtles, Solnhofia parsonsi had shorter and stumpier limbs
relative to its body size, indicating that it likely swam in coastal waters rather than the
open ocean. This unique limb structure suggests that the turtle was adapted to swim
closer to the shore, preferring the network of coastal reefs and lagoons that existed
during the Jurassic period.
Life in a Shallow, Tropical Sea
The turtle’s habitat provides a fascinating glimpse into its lifestyle. Solnhofia parsonsi
likely inhabited a shallow, tropical sea that was abundant in diverse coastal ecosystems.
This habitat, with its archipelago of small islands in the region, was home to various
species that coexisted during the Late Jurassic, making it a treasure trove of information
about prehistoric life.
The Complete Package: A Well-Preserved Fossil
What makes Solnhofia parsonsi even more special is the level of preservation of the fossil.
The discovery features a complete skull, shell, and all four limbs, making it the best-
preserved individual of its species known to date. The relatively large skull, measuring
about 4 inches, has led scientists to speculate that it may have been useful for crunching
through the hard shells of bottom-dwelling crustaceans and mollusks, but direct evidence
of its diet is yet to be found.
Western Tragopan
The Western Tragopan (Tragopan-melanocephalus) holds a special place in the heart of
Himachal Pradesh as it is the state bird. However, this magnificent bird is facing numerous
challenges that threaten its survival. In recent years, concerted efforts have been made to
conserve this rare species and increase its population, offering a glimmer of hope for its
future.
Habitat Loss: A Critical Threat
The Western Tragopan is grappling with the issue of habitat loss. Human activities,
including deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, have led to the
degradation and fragmentation of its natural habitats. As a result, the bird’s population
has been severely impacted, posing a serious challenge for its survival.
Saran Pheasantry: A Beacon of Hope
The Sarahan pheasantry, situated in Shimla, has emerged as a significant breeding center
for the Western Tragopan. Despite facing habitat loss, this conservation breeding center
has witnessed a gradual increase in the population of the species over the past two
decades. The efforts of the authorities have been fruitful, with the number of Western
Tragopans growing from two in 2002 to an impressive 47 individuals in 2022.
A Challenging Task: Reintroduction into the Wild
While captive breeding has been successful in boosting the Western Tragopan population,
the next step is even more demanding – reintroducing the birds into their natural habitat
in the wild. This is a stiff task due to several factors, including the bird’s disjunct
distribution in the northwest Himalayas, from north Pakistan to India, including Himachal
Pradesh. The challenge lies in ensuring the survival and adaptation of the captive-bred
birds to the wild environment.
Threats and Conservation Efforts
Apart from habitat loss, the Western Tragopan faces threats from hunting and other
anthropogenic factors. The decline in its natural populations has raised concerns about its
overall survival. Birdlife International (2020) estimates the global population to be around
3,000 individuals, underscoring the need for urgent conservation efforts.
Vulnerable and in Need of Protection
Due to the multiple threats and the declining population, the Western Tragopan has been
listed as “Vulnerable” (VU) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Red Data list. This designation emphasizes the importance of immediate actions to
safeguard this magnificent bird from further decline.
Collaborative Conservation Efforts
The conservation and reintroduction efforts for the Western Tragopan involve various
stakeholders. The Himachal Pradesh Forest Department, the Himachal Pradesh Zoo and
Conservation Breeding Society, and the Sarahan wildlife division have been actively
working together to protect and reintroduce this rare and endangered species into its
natural habitat.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die
The release of the book ‘Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die’ has sparked immense
interest and reverence among readers across the country. This book, released by Union
Home Minister Amit Shah, sheds light on the remarkable life of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, one
of India’s most beloved and esteemed figures. Authored by Dr. Nazema Maraikayar and
Dr. Y.S. Rajan, the book provides a heartfelt and comprehensive account of the late
President’s life journey.
A Momentous Occasion: Book Release in Rameshwaram
The book release event took place in Rameshwaram, a place that holds significant
importance in the life of Dr. Kalam. Rameshwaram, his hometown, served as a fitting
backdrop for the release of a book that delves deep into his life, achievements, and
principles.
The Collaborative Authors: Dr. Nazema Maraikayar and Dr. Y.S. Rajan
The Tamil book ‘Ninaivugalukku Maranamillai’ was the inspiration behind the English
translation ‘Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die.’ Dr. Nazema Maraikayar, the late
President’s niece, along with Dr. Y.S. Rajan, an esteemed ISRO scientist and a close
confidante of Dr. Kalam, teamed up to create this poignant tribute to the beloved leader.
Unveiling the Life Journey: From Childhood to Last Moments
The book is a treasure trove of insights, revealing various facets of Dr. Kalam’s life, right
from his early childhood to his final moments. It offers readers an opportunity to
understand the experiences, challenges, and accomplishments that shaped his illustrious
journey.
A Holistic Perspective: Covering Diverse Topics
‘Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die’ is not limited to a mere biographical account;
it presents a comprehensive perspective on Indian rocketry, science, technology,
innovation, and the political and administrative systems. Readers will gain a deeper
understanding of the beautiful tapestry of Dr. Kalam’s life, woven with his passions and
aspirations.
Tracing the Journey of a Small-Town Boy
The book highlights Dr. Kalam’s incredible journey from a small-town boy born in a
modest household in Rameshwaram to becoming one of the most respected figures in
Indian politics. It narrates the struggles and determination that propelled him to ascend
to the highest echelons of the nation’s leadership.
Revealing the Soul: Dr. Kalam’s Love for Literature and Art
‘Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Memories Never Die’ brings forth a side of the late President that
many may not be aware of – his profound love for literature and art. His admiration for
the poems of Thirukural and Bharthiyar, as well as his interests in literature and art, are
beautifully portrayed in the book.
Principles of Management in Life
The book underlines Dr. Kalam’s exceptional ability as a team player and his
implementation of management principles in various aspects of life. His unique approach
to leadership and management made him an extraordinary and respected personality.
Archeological Significance of Benisagar
Benisagar, a village located 85 kilometers from Jharkhand’s West Singhbhum district, is a
treasure trove of historical wonders. Excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI),
this site has revealed continuous habitation from the fifth century A.D. to the 16-17
century A.D. The archaeological significance of Benisagar has earned it a place on the
prestigious list of 100 prominent archaeological monuments curated by the ASI.
Colonel Tickell’s First Encounter: A Historical Journey
The history of Benisagar dates back to 1840 when Colonel Tickell of the British Army first
visited the site. His exploration sparked interest in the region’s ancient past, setting the
stage for further investigations by historians and archaeologists.
The Enigmatic Stone Seal: A Linguistic Puzzle
One of the most intriguing discoveries at Benisagar is a stone seal bearing the inscription
“Priyangu Dheyam Chatuvidya (Chaturvidya).” The inscription, written in the ancient
Sanskrit language, has puzzled scholars and researchers, hinting at the presence of a
knowledgeable individual named Priyangu well-versed in the four Vedas.
Historical Period and Temple Architecture: A Glimpse into the Past
Based on epigraphic evidence, the website of the Archaeological Survey of India places
Benisagar in the 5th century. Additionally, the temple architecture found at the site bears
resemblance to the Rekha Deula type, which is prevalent in Odisha, suggesting possible
historical connections.
A Musical Stone: The Bell-Like Sound
One of the most remarkable features of Benisagar is a massive stone near the temple that
produces a bell-like sound when struck by another stone. The unique acoustic property of
this stone has intrigued locals and visitors alike, making it a notable attraction.
The Union Government’s Tourism Plans: Modern Amenities for Ancient Sites
In line with its efforts to promote cultural heritage and tourism, the Union Government
plans to provide necessary facilities at archaeological monuments across the country.
These facilities include an audiovisual center, WiFi, Audiorail, and a Water Management
System, aimed at enhancing the visitor experience at sites like Benisagar.
The Everlasting Pond: Nature’s Masterpiece
The special attraction of Benisagar lies in a magnificent pond, measuring 300 by 350
meters, which never dries up. This remarkable natural wonder stands as a testament to
the enduring power of nature and adds to the charm of the archaeological site.
Role of T Cells in Fat and Muscle Loss During Infection
T cells, the body’s immune cells, have long been known to play a crucial role in fighting
infections. However, recent research conducted on mice at the Salk Institute for Biological
Studies in California, US, has revealed a surprising connection between T cells and the
phenomenon of fat and muscle loss during infection, known as wasting. The findings,
published in the journal Cell Reports, shed light on the complex interactions between
different groups of T cells and their impact on the body’s response to infections.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Wasting
Wasting, the process of fat and muscle loss during infection, has been a subject of interest
for researchers due to its association with higher mortality rates. The study aimed to
understand the role of T cells in mediating wasting and its influence on the body’s ability
to fight infections and manage illnesses.
T Cells at the Center of Investigation
In this study, researchers focused on examining the activity of two groups of T cells – CD4+
and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells lead the fight against infections and support the activity of
CD8+ T cells, which are responsible for killing invaders and cancerous cells. The
researchers hypothesized that the combined activity of these T cell groups might
contribute to wasting.
The Parasite T. brucei as the Key
To study the mechanisms by which T cells mediate fat loss, the researchers infected the
mice with the parasite T. brucei. This parasite is known to reside in fat and can block the
adaptive immune response cells, including T cells.
Surprising Discoveries: Independent Actions of T Cell Subtypes
The results of the study were unexpected and revealed surprising insights into the role of
T cells in wasting. CD4+ T cells were found to initiate the process of fat wasting, while CD8+
T cells independently initiated muscle wasting. Interestingly, fat wasting induced by CD4+
T cells had no impact on the mice’s ability to fight the T. brucei infection. However, CD8+ T
cell-induced muscle wasting was found to help the mice fight the infection and survive.
Future Directions: Studying T Cell Mechanisms in Other Mammals and Humans
The findings of this study open up new avenues of research in understanding T cell
mechanisms in wasting and their implications for survival and morbidity in various
conditions, including infections, cancers, and chronic illnesses. The research team plans to
extend their investigations to other mammals and eventually to humans to gain a

comprehensive understanding of T cell functions.
Isle of Rum
The quest to explore Mars has been an ambitious and collaborative effort involving space
agencies from across the globe. As part of the joint NASA and European Space Agency
(ESA) Mars Sample Return Campaign, the Isle of Rum has been chosen as the sole UK site
for rock sampling. This selection marks a significant milestone in mankind’s endeavor to
understand the Red Planet and its geological history. The collection of rocks from Rum
holds invaluable clues about Mars’ past and its environmental conditions.
Revealing Similarities: Rum Rocks and Mars’ Jezero Crater
One of the key findings of the research is the identification of striking similarities between
igneous rocks from the Isle of Rum and those found in Mars’ Jezero crater. The presence
of common mineralogy, chemistry, and weathering characteristics in both rock samples
provides valuable reference points for analysis and testing.
Clues About Martian Environment
The mineralogy, chemistry, and weathering patterns observed in the Rum rocks have
offered significant insights into Mars’ history. According to the study, these rocks suggest
that Mars was once a wetter and warmer planet with a thicker atmosphere. These
revelations provide a glimpse into the planet’s geological past and the environmental
conditions that may have existed billions of years ago.
Preserving Martian Rocks
The thinning of the Martian atmosphere over time played a pivotal role in the preservation
of rocks at Mars’ Jezero Crater. The drier and colder surface resulting from the
atmospheric changes created an ideal environment for preserving the rocks, making them
valuable subjects for scientific study.
Rum National Nature Reserve: A Part of History
With the Isle of Rum being selected as a site for rock sampling, the Rum National Nature
Reserve has become an integral part of the historic Mars mission. The reserve’s unique
geological features and rock formations offer a window into Mars’ geological history,
contributing to the quest for knowledge about the Red Planet.
Looking Towards the Future: Crewed Expedition to Mars
While the Mars Sample Return Campaign is a significant milestone in exploring Mars, the
ultimate goal remains a crewed expedition to the Red Planet. NASA has proposed a
crewed mission to Mars in the 2030s, envisioning astronauts orbiting the planet and safely
returning to Earth, paving the way for unprecedented scientific exploration and human
presence beyond our home planet.
ULLAS App
In a bold step towards advancing education and literacy among adults in India, the ULLAS
app was launched on the sidelines of the Akhil Bhartiya Siksha Samgam (ABSS). This
groundbreaking initiative, spearheaded by Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, the Union Minister
of Education and Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, aims to
revolutionize lifelong learning.

Understanding ULLAS: The Journey Begins
ULLAS, an acronym for “Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society,” is not just an
app; it is a transformative tool aimed at bridging the educational gaps in society. Its
primary objective is to reach out to over 12 lakh drop-out students and individuals who
couldn’t access formal education and bring them back into the learning fold.
Fostering Adult Education and Literacy
At its core, the ULLAS app is committed to promoting adult education and literacy across
the nation. It seeks to impart basic education, digital literacy, financial literacy, and critical
life skills to citizens aged 15 and above. By providing a user-friendly and interactive
platform, ULLAS enables learners to acquire knowledge at their own pace and
convenience.
Volunteerism: Driving the Change
One of the standout features of ULLAS is its implementation through volunteerism. The
app encourages the active involvement of volunteers who are passionate about fostering
a culture of continuous learning and knowledge-sharing in communities across India. This
collaborative approach creates a powerful learning ecosystem, ensuring education
reaches every individual.
The New India Literacy Programme: A Supportive Framework
The Government of India has approved the New India Literacy Programme, spanning
from FYs 2022 to 2027, to encompass all aspects of “Education For All,” previously known
as Adult Education. This scheme aligns with the National Education Policy 2020 and aims
to enhance access to resources and online modules, covering various adult education
topics.
A Digital Gateway to Learning
The ULLAS app acts as a virtual portal for learners, granting them entry to a wide range of
educational materials accessible via the DIKSHA portal of NCERT. This seamless access
empowers individuals to expand their knowledge and skills, breaking barriers of
traditional learning.
Prioritizing Vital Life Skills
ULLAS goes beyond the conventional scope of education. It emphasizes the promotion of
vital life skills, particularly financial literacy and legal literacy. By equipping learners with
these essential skills, ULLAS prepares them for active participation in society and the
economy.
Symbolizing the Enthusiasm and Vigour of Learning
The logo and slogan of ULLAS, “ULLAS: Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram,” beautifully
capture the campaign’s enthusiasm and vigour. The logo symbolizes the spreading of the
light of knowledge across every corner of the country, igniting curiosity and a passion for
learning in every individual.
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Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - July, 2023

Published by: https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/ | © 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved

trafficking and help in rehabilitation and protection of victims.

July 10, 2023

The parliamentary committee, set up to examine proposed amendments to Forest

July 12, 2023

Gymnastics: Dipa Karmakar tops all-around competition in Asiad trials.

July 15, 2023

July 16, 2023

July 17, 2023

July 18, 2023

under ‘Bharat Dal’ brand.

July 20, 2023

July 21, 2023

July 22, 2023

missile corvette to Vietnam.

July 24, 2023

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) got 5,772 complaints on

West Bengal government announces a ‘Mangrove cell’, on the occasion of the

July 29, 2023

and nuclear-capable ICBMs.

July 30, 2023

Badminton: Viktor Axelsen and An Se-Young win Japan Open finals.

July 31, 2023

Purpose of the TGC

Regulating the Ocean Floor

did not specify the nature of reservations, whether vertical or horizontal.

Regional Symposium on Child Protection, Safety and Child Welfare

increases safety by providing a mechanism for robust communication, control, and

development of a testbed that integrates orbital angular momentum and multiplexing,

legal and infrastructure-related reforms. This provision encourages states to actively

Temperature-controlled chambers simulated the intense heat of flames, replicating the

research and understanding. They emphasize the importance of utilizing advanced

behavior has a genetic basis and is influenced by evolutionary factors.

research work or due diligence as espionage.

265 million) students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds.

instrumental in capturing and grasping prey.

bulk-collection of personal data and lacks sufficient privacy protections.

July 12, 2023

for transgender persons. This collaborative approach would enhance oversight,

and cooperation among the naval forces.

OVL Considers Resuming Operations in Block 20 in Iraq

Indian Army Contingent

AI for India 2.0

G20 Global Food Regulators Summit

this initiative will provide much-needed relief to the depositors.

rights movement and participated in the first women-organized women’s rights

forth significant changes to the existing guidelines.

Srinagar, Baramulla, Ganderbal, Bandipora, Budgam, and Anantnag, have received

self-reliant defense industrial base.

between users in both countries.

improvement in the well-being and living conditions of its citizens.

scale up indigenous herbal technologies for end users. By harnessing traditional

economic conditions of the people of Rajasthan.

government e-buses receive a substantial subsidy of Rs 20 lakh per vehicle, up to 15

sovereignty, security, or international relations. Prior clearance from the organization’s

Promotion of Research and Development and Innovation in the pharma-medtech sector

importance of transitioning away from non-renewable resources to mitigate greenhouse

promoting corporate transparency and accountability. Companies are encouraged to

crop loans of up to Rs. 1 lakh.

provide a structured framework for charitable organizations and advertisers to create

and aid provided.