Gktoday 1 - 31 January 2023

Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - January, 2023
JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster

This is a dynamic PDF E-book by GKToday. The latest version of this book can be downloaded
from this link.
Disclaimer: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the information in
this E-book is correct. However, GKToday does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to
any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors
or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. This document is a property of
GKToday. Unauthorized Duplication is not allowed.
Published by: https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/ | © 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved

Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - January, 2023
Contents
......................... ........ ....... _ .. .. . ........................................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
January 1, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 3
January 2, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 3
January 3, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 4
January 4, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 5
January 5, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
January 6, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 7
January 7, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 8
January 8, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 8
January 9, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 9
January 10, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 10
January 11, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 11
January 12, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 12
January 13, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 13

January 14, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 13
January 16, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 14
January 17, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 15
January 19, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 16
January 20, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 17
January 21, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 18
January 22, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 19
January 24, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 19
January 25, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 20
January 26, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 21
January 27, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 22
January 28, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 23
January 30, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
January 30, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 25
January 31, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 25
January 2, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Dexa: BCCI's new selection criteria for Indian players ...................................................................... 26
Six years of 'Bharat Interface for Money' .............................................................................................. 27
India Assumes Chairmanship of Wassenaar Arrangement ................................................................ 28
New integrated Food Security Scheme ................................................................................................. 30
Bhima-Koregaon Battle Anniversary ....................................................................................................... 31
Covid-19 Variant XBB.1.5 Emerges as a New Threat ......................................................................... 32
Supreme Court Verdict on Demonetisation Case ................................................................................ 33
UPI Reaches Record High in December ................................................................................................ 34
Draft Statement on Industrial Policy 2022 ............................................................................................ 35
Railways' Energy efficiency plan .............................................................................................................. 36
RBI's Launch of Utkarsh 2.0 .................................................................................................................... 37
Birth Anniversary of Satyendra Nath Bose ........................................................................................... 38
International Year of Millets (IYM) 2023 ............................................................................................. 39
India's Unemployment Rate Reaches Highest Level in 16 Months .................................................. 40
Croatia's switch to Euro ............................................................................................................................. 41
© 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books & notes visit GKTBOOKS.COM 2
India-Austria Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement ........................... 42
January 3, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project ........................................................................... 43
'Didir Suraksha Kawach' and 'Didir Doot' Initiatives in West Bengal ............................................ 44
Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) - Update (January, 2023) .............................. 45
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award .......................................................................................................... 46
Assam Achieves Zero Poaching of Endangered Rhinos ..................................................................... 47
New Technology to filter micro-plastics from Water ........................................................................ 48
Second Phase of the Sari Festival "VIRAASAT" Begins ..................................................................... 49
J&K Legal Aid Defence Counsel System ................................................................................................ 50
RBI's Systemic Risk Survey (SRS) ............................................................................................................ 51
Indian Science Congress (ISC) ................................................................................................................ 52
Hydrogen for Heritage: Indian Railways Introducing Hydrogen Power Trains on Heritage Lines
.................................................................................................................................................................. 52
January 4, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................... 53
Manipur Gaan Ngai festival ...................................................................................................................... 53

Arunachal Pradesh Siyom bridge ............................................................................................................ 54
India's First Green Hydrogen Blending Project .................................................................................... 55
Exemption for PSUs from Minimum Public Float Rules .................................................................... 56
National Scout and Guide Jamboree ...................................................................................................... 57
New Members Join United Nations Security Council ........................................................................ 58
World Braille Day: January 4 - Update (January, 2023) .................................................................... 59
Kalasa Banduri Nala project ..................................................................................................................... 60
Savitribai Phule ............................................................................................................................................. 61
MHA High Powered Committee on Ladakh ........................................................................................ 62
Bikaner Solar Power Project to Boost India's Renewable Energy .................................................... 63
ADB's Recent Loans to 4 States .............................................................................................................. 63
RISE- Rising India Through Spiritual Empowerment ......................................................................... 65
PM pays tributes to Rani Velu Nachiyar on her birth anniversary ................................................... 65
Europe Winter Heat wave ........................................................................................................................ 66
Madagascar: Discovery of 20 New Frog Species ............................................................................... 67
Draft Online Gaming Policy ..................................................................................................................... 68
January 5, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 69
Broadcasting Infrastructure and Network Development (BIND) scheme .................................... 69
Cabinet Approves National Green Hydrogen Mission ....................................................................... 70
Supreme Court ruling on Article 19 ambit ............................................................................................ 71
Telangana Joins Free Rice Scheme ......................................................................................................... 72
India-France Strategic Dialogue .............................................................................................................. 73
6th edition of 'Pariksha Pe Charcha' ...................................................................................................... 74
Assam's highest civilian award ................................................................................................................. 75
Chief Minister's Residential Land Rights scheme ................................................................................ 76
Silent Valley Bird Survey ........................................................................................................................... 77
January 6, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 78
Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) ................................................................................................. 78
Ganga Vilas River cruise ........................................................................................................................... 79
Study on Asian elephants .......................................................................................................................... 80
Decennial Census in India Postponed Until September ...................................................................... 81
UGC Draft norms to allow foreign university campuses in India .................................................... 82
Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium ................................................................................................................. 83
Schemes of Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region ...................................................... 84
Varanasi Cantt railway station bags 'Eat Right Station' Certification .............................................. 85
New electrolyte to help better ammonia synthesis ............................................................................. 87
Startup India Innovation Week ................................................................................................................ 87
Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship Mela (PMNAM) .............................................................. 89
Kerala: WhatsApp grievance redress mechanism for industries ...................................................... 89
Village Defence Committees .................................................................................................................... 90
Fay Weldon: A Pioneering Feminist Writer ........................................................................................... 91
Freedom Caucus Group ............................................................................................................................ 92
India's Pranesh M Becomes Youngest Grandmaster at 16 ................................................................ 93
January 7, 2023 .................................................................................................................................................. 93
World's first Palm-leaf Manuscript Museum in Kerala ...................................................................... 93
Aamantran Invitation Management Portal ............................................................................................ 94
Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano .......................................................................................................................... 95

NSO First Advance Estimates of National Income ............................................................................. 96
Bihar Government to Conduct Caste-Based Survey .......................................................................... 97
Reserve Bank of India to Issue Sovereign Green Bonds .................................................................... 98
FAO Food price index ............................................................................................................................... 99
BIS Portal for mapping of Industrial Units and Labs ........................................................................ 100
Military Tattoo & Tribal Dance Festival ............................................................................................... 101
122-Foot-Tall Polo Player Statue Unveiled in Manipur .................................................................... 102
Orthodox Christmas ................................................................................................................................. 102
Sania Mirza to Retire from Professional Tennis ................................................................................ 104
Cyber Threat Predictions Report for 2023 ......................................................................................... 104
January 9, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................. 105
Purple Fest: Celebrating Diversity ......................................................................................................... 105
Odisha wins World Habitat Award 2023 for JAGA Mission .......................................................... 106
International Kite Festival 2023 ............................................................................................................. 107
Indian Navy ‘SPRINT’ initiative ............................................................................................................. 107
IISER Ionic organic material to remove pollutants ............................................................................ 108
"UP Global City" Campaign Launched in Uttar Pradesh ................................................................. 109
Google- CCI Row- Update ...................................................................................................................... 110
Lecanemab Approved for Alzheimer's Treatment ............................................................................. 110
India is set to deploy female peacekeepers to the UN Mission in Abyei ........................................ 111
Top-performing global airports List ...................................................................................................... 112
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention ....................................................................................................... 113
RBI Releases Annual Report on Ombudsman Schemes .................................................................... 114
January 10, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 116
Theme for “National Science Day 2023" ............................................................................................ 116
Bird Population and Diversity Increases at Bhitarkanika National Park ........................................ 117
I&B Ministry advisory on reportage of Violence ................................................................................. 117
NHA Initiative to Grade Hospitals ......................................................................................................... 118
Joshimath 'Sinking Zone' ......................................................................................................................... 120
10 January: World Hindi Day - Update (January, 2023) ................................................................... 121
Education Group of G-20 Meeting ....................................................................................................... 121
Global Tamil Angels platform ................................................................................................................ 122
India and UK Launch Young Professionals Scheme .......................................................................... 123
Earth's Ozone Layer on Track to Recovery within Four Decades ................................................. 124
Tussle between Tamil Nadu Governor and CM Escalates in Assembly ....................................... 125
Who was Fatima Sheikh? ........................................................................................................................ 126
U.S. ‘Title 42’ Immigration Policy ......................................................................................................... 127
Brazil Anti-Democratic Riots .................................................................................................................. 128
Kerala Becomes Country's First Fully Digital Banking State ........................................................... 129
January 11, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 130
India Hosts "The Voice of Global South" Summit, Gathers 120 Countries ................................. 130
Bengaluru Dominates Startup Funding in India with $10.8 Billion in 2022 ................................ 131
Anthropological study in rural China .................................................................................................... 132
Union Minister Narayan Rane launches web portal for RAMP ...................................................... 133
Gujarat and Rajasthan Emerge as Top Investment Destinations in India ..................................... 134
Kerala 'Year of Enterprises' Project ....................................................................................................... 136
Uttarakhand Women Reservation Bill ................................................................................................... 137

Draft Regulation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants Rules, 2022 ......................................... 138
Statement on climate of India during 2022 ........................................................................................ 138
Levels & Trends in Child Mortality 2022 ............................................................................................ 139
BharatPe Gets Nod for ePayment Aggregator Licence .................................................................... 140
Madhya Pradesh Global Investors Summit .......................................................................................... 141
India Conducts Successful Test Launch of Prithvi-II Ballistic Missile ............................................ 142
26th National Youth Festival: Empowering the Youth of India ...................................................... 143
"Observing Road Safety Week: A National Effort for Safer Roads" .............................................. 143
Astro Night Sky Tourism at Kartvyapath ........................................................................................... 144
80th Golden Globe Awards ................................................................................................................... 145
January 12, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 146
UAE announces blanket ban on single-use plastic shopping bags ................................................. 146
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY) .................................................................. 147
Henley Passport Index : India Ranks 85th on the Henley Passport Index ................................... 148
World Bank's Latest Report on Global Economic Prospects .......................................................... 149
Incentive scheme for promotion of RuPay Debit Cards ................................................................... 150
National level Multi-state cooperative export society ......................................................................... 151
NASA spots Earth-sized, rocky Planet .................................................................................................. 152
Cherchera Festival of Chhattisgarh ....................................................................................................... 153
January 12 : National Youth Day ........................................................................................................... 154
Digital India Awards 2022 ...................................................................................................................... 154
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee National Institute of Water and Sanitation (SPM-NIWAS) ...... 156
FSSAI Survey on Dietary Supplements ................................................................................................ 156
WEF Global Risks Report 2023 ............................................................................................................. 157
FIH Men's Hockey World Cup 2023 ................................................................................................... 158
Uganda Successfully Ends Sudan Ebola Virus Outbreak .................................................................. 159
Odisha: CAMPA New Action Plan for 2023-24 ............................................................................... 160
January 13, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 161
Covovax Heterologous Booster Dose Approved for Use in India .................................................. 161
FSSAI regulatory standards for Basmati Rice ..................................................................................... 162
CBIC -Customs Automated System ..................................................................................................... 162
India's Direct Tax Collection Records Steady Growth in FY2023 ................................................ 163
Lohri Harvest Festival .............................................................................................................................. 164
Sur Sarita - Symphony of Ganga .......................................................................................................... 165
Sethusamudram Project ........................................................................................................................... 165
Neelakurinji Plant Listed as a Protected Species under Wildlife Protection Act ......................... 167
Joshimath at Risk of Sinking: Satellite Images Reveal Ground Subsidence ................................. 167
India Abolishes Discretionary Haj Quota for Pilgrims ...................................................................... 168
What is Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Constitution? ............................................................... 169
What is the "Pineapple Express" Phenomenon? ................................................................................. 170
Notification of Minority Communities .................................................................................................. 171
NOTAM System Glitch Causes Airspace Shutdown in America ................................................... 172
Garuda Aerospace and Union Bank Collaborate to Boost Agriculture with Drones ................ 173
January 14, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 174
2022 : World's Fifth-Warmest on Record ........................................................................................... 174
Rural Health Statistics Report 2021-22: Key Findings and Implications ....................................... 175
Makar Sankranti Festival ......................................................................................................................... 176

Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train - Update (January, 2023) .................................................................. 177
"Soul of Steel" High-Altitude Endurance Challenge to be launched in India .............................. 178
Supreme Court on IT relief of Sikkimese women ............................................................................ 179
Global South Centre of Excellence ....................................................................................................... 180
January 14 : Armed Forces Veterans Day - Update (January, 2023) ............................................. 181
India-China Trade Reaches All-Time High ......................................................................................... 182
Europe's Largest Deposit of Rare Earths Discovered in Sweden ................................................... 183
Peru Crisis: Protests Turn Deadly ......................................................................................................... 184
January 16, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 185
What is ‘Saharsh’ Initiative of Tripura? ................................................................................................ 185
Skyhawk: India’s first 5G enabled drone ............................................................................................. 185
15 January : Army Day in India ............................................................................................................. 186
Davos 2023: World Economic Forum ................................................................................................. 187
Oxfam's "Survival of the Richest" Report ............................................................................................ 187
National Urban Technology Mission for Municipal Services and ULBs ....................................... 188
CII Business Confidence Index .............................................................................................................. 189
Rajasthan's Blindness Control Policy .................................................................................................... 190
India's First Centre of Excellence in Online Gaming ......................................................................... 191
Rajasthan Becomes First State to Implement Blindness Control Policy ......................................... 191
India's National Green Hydrogen Mission .......................................................................................... 192
National Startup Day 2023 ..................................................................................................................... 193
Jallikattu celebrations begin in Madurai ............................................................................................... 193
Thiruvalluvar Day ..................................................................................................................................... 194
Varuna 2023: India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise ......................................................................... 195
CEA Disaster management plan for Power Sector ........................................................................... 195
January 17, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 196
National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme .............................................................. 196
January 18, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 197
Who is Abdul Rehman Makki? .............................................................................................................. 197
India and Russia Joint Venture starts production of Kalashnikov AK-203 .................................. 198
What is the Giving to Amplify Earth Action (GAEA) Initiative? .................................................... 199
January 20, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 199
World Population Review ........................................................................................................................ 199
India-UAE Partnership Summit .............................................................................................................. 201
Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura Foundation Day: January 21 .................................................... 202
Kerala rolls out menstrual and maternity leaves for students ......................................................... 202
Jaipur Literature Festival ......................................................................................................................... 203
Apache attack helicopters ...................................................................................................................... 204
Indo-Egypt Joint Training Exercise Cyclone-I ................................................................................... 204
First Movers Coalition (FMC) Leadership Meeting .......................................................................... 205
FITUR International Travel Exhibition ................................................................................................. 205
Major Ports Adjudicatory Board Rules, 2023 .................................................................................... 206
Odisha’s Strategy to mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict ................................................................. 206
Decline in Number of birds in Kole Wetlands ................................................................................... 207
South Africa announces Joint Naval Drills with Russia, China ...................................................... 208
US launches Welcome Corps Scheme ................................................................................................. 209
January 21, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 209

Performance Assessment Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development
(PARAKH) ......................................................................................................................................... 209
Chris Hipkins – New Zealand’s Next Prime Minister ....................................................................... 210
Endorsement Guidelines for Celebs and Social Media Influencers ................................................ 210
January 22, 2023 ................................................................................................................................................ 211
BharOS: Indigenous Mobile Operating System ................................................................................... 211
India International Science Festival, 2023 ............................................................................................ 212
Egyptian President
JOIN Abdel@thehindu444
Fattah El-Sisi – Chief Guest of Republic Day ...................................... 213
or Thenewsmaster
New Initiatives launched at WEF ........................................................................................................... 213
IAF to hold Exercise Pralay ..................................................................................................................... 214
India’s Stand on Implementation of 13A in Sri Lanka ....................................................................... 215
January 23, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 215
EXIM Data: Trade Deficit narrows by 10 billion USD ..................................................................... 215
Mega Infrastructure Project on Great Nicobar Islands .................................................................... 216
Border Security Force (BSF) starts ‘Ops alert’ exercise ................................................................... 216
Prime Minister’s National Award for Children ................................................................................... 217
INS Vagir Commissioned into Navy ..................................................................................................... 218
Parakram Diwas – Netaji Jayanti ........................................................................................................... 218
Republic Day Tableau to reflect Nari Shakti ...................................................................................... 219
Israeli Astro Physics Mission: ULTRASAT ......................................................................................... 220
JUICE Space Mission of Europe ............................................................................................................ 220
Power Outage in Pakistan ....................................................................................................................... 221
What is Immune Imprinting? .................................................................................................................. 221
Business 20 (B20) Inception Meeting ................................................................................................. 222
January 24, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 222
National Girl Child Day: January 24 .................................................................................................... 223
Ministry of Ayush signs MoU to promote medical travel value ..................................................... 223
Democracy Summit: ECI hosts conference ........................................................................................ 224
Smart City Conference held at Panaji .................................................................................................. 224
SCO Film Festival in Mumbai ................................................................................................................ 225
SEBI launches Information Database on municipal bonds .............................................................. 225
Jammu and Kashmir launches New Food Processing Project ........................................................ 226
Uttar Pradesh celebrates Foundation Day ........................................................................................... 226
Assam Initiative against Child Marriage .............................................................................................. 227
Rajasthan to rent out drones to farmers ............................................................................................. 227
International Craft Summit .................................................................................................................... 228
Tri Services Amphibious Exercise, AMPHEX 2023 ......................................................................... 228
National Voters Day: January 25 ........................................................................................................... 229
Low Carbon Cruise on Mahabahu Brahmaputra .............................................................................. 229
January 25, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 230
Aero – India 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 230
DRACO: Nuclear Fission powered Spacecraft of NASA ................................................................. 231
Uganda’s First Oil Drilling Program ...................................................................................................... 231
First India Stack Developer Conference .............................................................................................. 232
10th Infrastructure Committee Meet held .......................................................................................... 232
PM Modi hold talks with the Egyptian President .............................................................................. 233
SCO Meet: India invites Pakistan, China ............................................................................................. 233

Mass Mortality of Olive Ridley Turtles in Andhra ............................................................................ 234
Purse Seine Fishing .................................................................................................................................. 234
Statehood Day of Himachal Pradesh .................................................................................................... 235
National Tourism Day: January 25 ....................................................................................................... 236
Jal Jeevan Mission achieves 11 crore tap water connections ........................................................... 236
Nagaland Orange Festival ....................................................................................................................... 237
FAO: India elected the Vice Chair ........................................................................................................ 238
January 26, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 238
Maiden Tranche of Sovereign Green Bonds ...................................................................................... 238
Revamped Monument Mitra Scheme .................................................................................................. 239
CERVAVAC: Cervical Cancer Vaccine ................................................................................................. 239
Kantar India Union Budget Survey 2023 ........................................................................................... 240
Competition (Amendment) Bill ............................................................................................................. 241
She Feeds the World Programme ......................................................................................................... 241
APEDA to use River Names for Branding .......................................................................................... 242
India’s Estimates of Millet Procurement .............................................................................................. 242
India and Egypt declare Strategic Partnership ................................................................................... 243
What is White Card in Football Match? .............................................................................................. 243
Sweden International Information Campaign .................................................................................... 244
U-WIN Platform ....................................................................................................................................... 244
UN World Economic Situation and Prospects 2023 Report ........................................................... 245
Five to Seven Countries Sign Up for adopting India Stack ............................................................ 246
January 27, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 246
Conferment of 106 Padma Awards ..................................................................................................... 246
Ukraine’s Odesa designated as World Heritage in Danger site ..................................................... 247
Stressed Assets Securitisation Framework ......................................................................................... 248
Tax – Paid Green Bond Issuance ......................................................................................................... 248
T+1 Settlement Cycle .............................................................................................................................. 249
Veer Gatha 2.0 Contest .......................................................................................................................... 249
Krishi Mahotsav – Exhibition and Training Programme ................................................................. 250
G – 20 Startup Engagement Group .................................................................................................... 250
Punjab Aam Aadmi Clinics ...................................................................................................................... 251
Aditya – L1 Solar Mission ........................................................................................................................ 251
Chhattisgarh Unemployment Allowance ............................................................................................. 252
National Child Science Congress .......................................................................................................... 252
January 28, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 253
MEITY Grievance Appellate Committees ........................................................................................... 253
Indus Water Treaty (IWT): India sends notice for modification .................................................... 253
Shipping Ministry Marine Logistics Portal .......................................................................................... 254
Jharkhand’s First Survey of Migrants ................................................................................................... 254
Phase 1 of Bihar caste – based survey completed ............................................................................. 255
Hinderburg Research Report on Adani Group .................................................................................. 256
Draft National Electricity Policy ............................................................................................................ 256
Ministry of Corporate Affairs Facility for e – Adjudication ............................................................ 257
First Made in India Helmet to meet Europe ECE 22.06 standard ................................................ 257
International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2023 ............................................................................ 258
US-EU AI Agreement .............................................................................................................................. 258

Sale of 30 LMT of wheat under Open Market Sale Scheme ......................................................... 259
January 29, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 259
Mandatory Minimum Sentences ........................................................................................................... 259
India’s 74th Republic Day Parade – Highlights ................................................................................ 260
iNCOVACC: First Intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine .............................................................................. 261
Google Policy Change In line with CCI direction .............................................................................. 261
January 30, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 262
Fifth Khelo IndiaJOIN
Youth Games @thehindu444 2022 ..................................................................................................
or Thenewsmaster 262
All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), 2020-2021 ......................................................... 262
RBI Study on GST Compensation receiving States .......................................................................... 263
Soliga ecarinata: New Wasp named after Soliga Community ........................................................ 264
Commission for the sub-categorisation of OBCs ............................................................................. 264
Twenty Point Programme (TPP) Progress Report ........................................................................... 265
NSE: World’s Largest Derivatives Exchange ....................................................................................... 265
Noble’s Helen: New Swallowtail Butterfly from Arunachal Pradesh ............................................ 266
WHO Report on Global Trans – Fat Elimination 2022 .................................................................. 266
Scientific Study on Sea Erosion in Kozhikode ................................................................................... 267
Annual Death Penalty Report, 2022 .................................................................................................... 267
National Anti-Leprosy Day 2023 ......................................................................................................... 268
India’s First Model G – 20 Summit ..................................................................................................... 268
Air India’s New Software for Real – Time Reporting of In – flight Incidents .......................... 269
Atal Pension Yojana crosses landmark 5 crore Enrolments ........................................................... 270
China’s Baidu may launch ChatGPT – style AI Bot ......................................................................... 270
Beating Retreat Ceremony 2023 ........................................................................................................... 271
January 31, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 271
Survey: 60% households expect dip in earning ................................................................................. 271
Defence Ministry is top buyer of MSME Goods in 2022 ............................................................... 272
Ernakulam: First District to register 10,000 new MSMEs .............................................................. 272
IMF: India’s Inflation will fall to 5% in 2023, 4% in 2024 ............................................................. 273
Hindenburg Research – Adani Group Row ....................................................................................... 273
Advisory on Obligation of Public Service Broadcasting .................................................................. 274
First Employment Working Group Meeting ...................................................................................... 274
Budget Session of Parliament ................................................................................................................ 275
What is Economic survey 2023? ........................................................................................................... 275
UK to be country Partner for BioAsia 2023 ...................................................................................... 276
IMF 4.7 billion USD support program for Bangladesh .................................................................. 277
Recent Wave of Tech Layoffs ................................................................................................................ 277
Economic Survey 2022-23: Highlights ............................................................................................... 278
Economic Survey: Health Expenditure at 2.1% of GDP in FY23 ................................................... 279
News Headlines
January 1, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for January 1, 2023.
INDIA
Assam merges 4 districts and redraws boundaries ahead of Election Commission’s
(EC) delimitation deadline.
New integrated Food Security Scheme to be rolled out from January 1, 2023.
India assumes the chairmanship of the plenary of the Wassenaar Arrangement.
Government spent Rs 13,000 crore on cleaning Ganga since 2014.
50 of India’s 3,693 centrally protected monuments are missing, according to the
Ministry of Culture.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) issues cyber alert for G20 Summit, shared a list of
cyber attackers targeted G20 Summits with all ministries and departments.
Defence Ministry starts process for the procurement of 100 more K9-Vajra tracked
self-propelled howitzers.
ECONOMY
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) has elevated Ajay Kumar Srivastava as MD and CEO.
Centre signs pact with Institute of Veterinary Biological Products (IVBP) for
commercial production of ‘Lumpi-ProVac’, a vaccine for lumpy skin disease in cattle.
Transport consultancy and engineering firm RITES inks pact with Kerala’s KIIFCON
for consultancy projects.
WORLD
Former Pope Benedict XVI, passed away aged 95. In 2013, he became the first pontiff
to resign in 600 years.
International convention of Theosophical Society commences at headquarters in
Chennai.
India abstains from voting on UN resolution on Israel
SPORTS
Magnus Carlsen wins all three world chess championship titles for the third time in
his career
January 2, 2023
INDIA
International Year of Millets (IYM) 2023 begins with Activities by Central Ministries,
State Governments and Indian Embassies.
India has asked Pakistan to release and repatriate 631 Indian fishermen and two
civilian prisoners.
India will sign a “Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement”
(MMPA) with Austria.
Anil Kumar Lahoti takes over charge of new Chairman & CEO of Railway Board
Uttar Pradesh panel on OBC quota to submit first report in 3 months.
Supreme Court to pronounce its verdict today on pleas against Demonetization
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh briefs media about ‘2023 Science Vision’ at New
Delhi
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Amazon collaborate for future engineer program.
ECONOMY
Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das launched central bank’s medium-
term strategy framework titled ‘Utkarsh 2.0’ .
India’s Gross GST collection in December goes up by 15 per cent to nearly Rs 1.5 lakh
crore
CMIE Report: Unemployment rate rises to 8.3% in Dec., highest in 16 months.
India’s forex reserves dropped by USD 691 million to USD 562.808 billion: RBI Data.
WORLD
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva took office for a third term as President of Brazil
Croatia switched to the Euro and entered Europe’s borderless zone
Nepal Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal inaugurates Pokhara Regional
International Airport
SpaceX launches 54 upgraded Starlink internet satellites; nails rocket landing at sea
in 60th flight of the year.
SPORTS JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Yuki Bhambri and Ramkumar Ramanathan enter 2nd round in Men’s Singles event at
Maharashtra Open tennis
BCCI has re-introduced Yo-Yo test and Dexa scan results as criteria for selection of
players.
January 3, 2023
INDIA
Guyana’s President Mohamed Irfaan Ali, US-based businessman Darshan Singh
Dhaliwal, and DSB Group CEO Piyush Gupta are among 21 recipients of the 17th
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award.
Supreme Court will launch a project providing free access to official law reports of its
verdicts to law students, lawyers and the general public.
DPIIT floats draft quality control orders (QCO) for 16 light-engineering industry
products, including air coolers, bicycles and bottled water dispensers.
No rhinos were poached in the state of Assam in 2022, the first time since 2000.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addresses the 108th Indian Science Congress (ISC).
Centre constitutes Committee to discuss measures to protect Ladakh’s unique
culture, language and employment.
Supreme Court upholds Centre’s 2016 decision to demonetise currency notes of 500
and 1000 rupee denominations.
ECONOMY
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Chief Georgieva warns of ‘Tough Year’ for World
Economy.
RBI announced that SBI, ICICI and HDFC Bank continue to be Systemically Important.
UPI Payments Touch Record High of ₹12.82 lakh crore in December.
Google challenges CCI ruling in Android case before National Company Law
Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).
DPIIT Lists 20 Restrictive norms of Ministries that violate ‘Make in India’ Plan.
India’s manufacturing output rises to 13 month high in December.
WORLD
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has been sworn in as the 39th president of Brazil.
Canada bans most Foreigners from buying Homes, to make more homes available to
locals facing a housing crunch.
South Korea and US are planning joint exercises involving American nuclear assets.
Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan announces parallel government with full Cabinet.
SPORTS
World No. 2 Rafael Nadal faced a second-straight defeat at the United Cup.
Vaidehi Chaudhari wins ITF women’s tournament singles in Gwalior after beating top
seed Ksenia Laskutova.
January 4, 2023
Here are Today’s News
JOINHeadlines by GK Today or
@thehindu444 for January 4, 2023.
Thenewsmaster
INDIA
Supreme Court observed that all religious conversions cannot be presumed by a
State to be illegal.
King Charles III of UK held a telephone conversation on India’s G-20 Presidency with
Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
An invertebrate survey was undertaken in the Thiruvananthapuram Wildlife Division.
Captain Shiva Chouhan becomes first women officer operationally deployed at
Kumar Post, Siachen.
HC asks Delhi Government to ensure free food, treatment to poor HIV-positive
persons.
Department of Posts releases special cover on Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate the 18th National Scout and Guide
Jamboree in Rajasthan.
UIDAI introduces Head of the Family (HoF)-based online address update in Aadhar.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually inaugurates Bailey Suspension Bridge over
river Chenab in Jammu division.
ECONOMY
The government kept the interest rate unchanged at 7.1 per cent for the subscribers
of the General Provident Fund and other similar funds.
Government exempts PSUs from the minimum 25 per cent public float requirement.
India and Asian Development Bank sign several loan agreements to boost
infrastructure sector.
Google alleges CCI copied parts of EU ruling on Android abuse.
Government raises windfall tax on crude oil, export of diesel and ATF
WORLD
India starts probe into circuit board dumping by China and Hong Kong
Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique and Switzerland replace India, Ireland, Kenya,
Mexico and Norway in U.N. Security Council.
U.S. carries out first execution of a transgender person
South Korea fines Tesla USD 2.2 million for EV range exaggeration
Japan plans to boost financial support to households to move away from the capital
city Tokyo.
SPORTS
Tata Open Maharashtra: India’s Ramkumar Ramanathan enters doubles quarter-

finals.
BCCI floats tender to own and operate a Women’s IPL team.
Ranji Trophy: Saurashtra captain Jaydev Unadkat became the first bowler to take a
hat-trick in the first over.
January 5, 2023
INDIA JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Union Cabinet approves National Green Hydrogen Mission with an initial outlay of
₹19,744 crore.
Union Cabinet approves naming of Greenfield International Airport at Goa’s Mopa
after Manohar Parrikar.
Cabinet approves Rs 2,500-cr scheme to raise infrastructure of DoorDarshan and All
India Radio.
Supreme Court rules that a citizen can seek enforcement of the fundamental rights
to freedom of speech not just against the state.
The Government approves Rs 28.11 crore to extend the interest-free loan to tobacco
farmers of Andhra Pradesh.
PM Narendra Modi will chair the second National Conference of Chief Secretaries in
Delhi.
India-France will discuss bilateral and global issues at the 36th India-France strategic
dialogue.
ECONOMY
India initiates anti-dumping probe into import of vitamin, used for animal
consumption, from China, European Union and Switzerland.
National Company Law Appellate Tribunal refuses to stay the penalty of Rs 1,337.76
crore imposed on Google India by CCI.
India’s December services PMI expands to a 6-month high of 58.5
U.S. FDA approves Aurobindo subsidiary’s cancer drug copy

Ireland hits Facebook parent Meta with €390 million in fines for online privacy
violations.
WORLD
Britain’s power grid hits record 88% zero-carbon power generation, delivers the
cleanest energy on record to households and businesses.
Russia ships record 1.17 million barrels a day (mbd) of crude in December
Elon Musk says Twitter Inc will reverse its 2019 ban on political ads.
Japan pledges to deepen his country’s alliance with the U.S. under Japan’s new
Defence policy.
SPORTS
Retired Australian Open champion Ash Barty to mentor Olivia Gadecki, who received
a wildcard for the season’s first Grand Slam.
Lionel Messi was chosen as the best player for 2022 by International Football
Federation History and Statistics (IFFHS)
Cape Verde becomes first country to name stadium after Pele
January 6, 2023
INDIA
ISRO to launch Space Kidz India satellite made by 750 school girls studying in
government JOIN
schools.@thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Prime Minister participated in All India Annual State Ministers’ Conference on Water
National Security Adviser Ajit Doval met his counterpart, the visiting Diplomatic
Adviser to the French President, Emmanuel Bonne.
Presidents of Guyana and Suriname will attend Pravasi Bharatiya Divas convention.
Uttarakhand Chief Minister inaugurates 26 schemes worth Rs 306 crores.
The Centre is set to launch the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) to raise blocks
on development scale.
PM Narendra Modi will flag off the world’s longest river cruise, ‘Ganga Vilas’, from
Uttar Pradesh’s Varanasi to Dibrugarh via Bangladesh.
ECONOMY
Reserve Bank of India has selected six entities for ‘Test Phase’ under regulatory
sandbox for theme ‘Prevention and Mitigation of Financial Frauds’.
SEBI allows Government to re-classify its IDBI Bank stake as ‘public’ for ease of
divestment
SEBI imposes ₹2 lakh fine on MCX for violating norms in awarding software deal to
London firm
Edelweiss Tokio Life rolls out campaign for organ donation
800 companies are set to participate in the ‘Auto Expo 2023-Components’ show.
WORLD
A strange fossil with a dinosaur-like head & bird-like body found in China
The 10th edition of the Dhaka Lit Fest (DLF) begins in Bangaldesh.
Taliban announced to sign oil extraction deal at Amu Darya basin, with a Chinese
firm.
SPORTS
Jio Platforms signs agreement to Be Manchester City’s Network Partner in India
Divya Deshmukh becomes the youngest to retain the National women’s chess title.
January 7, 2023
INDIA
Supreme Court transfers to itself all pleas related to same-sex marriage
Bureau of Indian Standards commemorates its 76th Foundation Day with door-to-
door campaign “Quality Connect”.
Caste-based survey of 12 crore people in Bihar begins

Astro Tourism – A Sky Gazing event was inaugurated at India Gate, Delhi
Supreme Court directs committee to build a framework to ensure road safety.
BIS launches portal for mapping of industrial units and laboratories
ECONOMY
India’s real GDP is expected to grow 7% in 2022-23, as per the First Advance
Estimates of National Income released by National Statistical Office (NSO).
RBI said thatJOIN
the maiden Sovereign Green
@thehindu444 or Bonds (SGrBs) would be issued in two
Thenewsmaster
tranches of ₹8,000 crore each.
IMF: Indian economy is in a relative bright spot’, It must leverage exports.
NABARD raises close to Rs 5,000 crore through three-year bonds.
Forex reserves up by USD 44 mn to USD 562.85 billion.
WORLD
India to host the ‘Voice of the Global South Summit’
USA moots new law for people from across border.
US announces military assistance worth over USD 3.75 billion for Ukraine and
European allies.
United Kingdom records 2022 as warmest year ever.
SPORTS
Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan will unveil the mascot, torch, and anthem of
Khelo India Youth Games-2022
Indian table tennis star Manika Batra has reached her career-best 35th position in
women’s singles.
January 8, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for January 8, 2023
INDIA
17th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention begins at Indore in Madhya Pradesh
International Kite Festival 2023 begins in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Indian Navy signs agreement with Sagar Defence for armed autonomous boat
swarms under ‘SPRINT’ initiative.
IISER Pune’s new macro/microporous ionic organic material removes pollutants
from water.
Uttar Pradesh launches a statewide 100-day ‘UP Global City’ campaign to make
urban bodies of the state on par with global standards.
IIT-Kharagpur delivers new software to detect welding defect, to Garden Reach
Shipbuilders and Engineers.
Ayodhya to get 10 solar ferries on Saryu River to promote tourism.
Former Bengal and Bihar governor Keshari Nath Tripathi dies.
ECONOMY
Commerce minister Piyush Goyal will visit New York and Washington DC to
participate in India-US Trade Policy Forum.
The government received several expressions of interest (EoIs) for the strategic sale
of stake in IDBI Bank
Google moved the Supreme Court against a ruling of the National Company Law
Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT).
Study: Bengaluru led the rank in office space absorption; Tech, engineering sectors
lead office space absorption in Oct-Dec 22.
WORLD
Republican leader
JOIN Kevin McCarthy elected
@thehindu444 as new speaker of the US House of
or Thenewsmaster
Representatives
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants Accelerated Approval for
Alzheimer’s Disease.
Elon Musk announces tweaks in Twitter interface, Twitter will roll out the long-form
text feature in February.
India provides 75 buses to Sri Lanka as part of its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy.
SPORTS
Suryakumar Yadav scores century and helps India against Sri Lanka clinch the T20I
series 2-1.
Indian National Car Racing Championship: Chirag Ghropade wins his second race of
the season
January 9, 2023
INDIA
India-US Trade Policy Forum (TPF), set up to resolve trade and investment issues
between the two countries, will hold a meeting in Washington on January 11,
Indian undersea cable landing stations increase their capacity by nine times from
2016-2021: TRAI
Delhi government to launch a new mobility card for commuters to pay fares
electronically on both buses and the metro.
Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship Mela to be conducted in 242 districts

Kerala Health Department calls for caution as Avian flu is confirmed in many Kerala
districts.
ECONOMY
Apple prepares to open first retail stores in India, starts hiring employees:
Paytm Payments Bank appoints Surinder Chawla as Managing Director and CEO,
Paytm’s parent entity One 97 Communications.
Indian Bank to Hold Special Rupee Vostro Accounts of Sri Lanka Banks.
Lenders led by Canara Bank receive close to ₹1,300 crore as part of their dues from
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS)
RBI announces indicative calendar for issuance of Sovereign Green Bonds
WORLD
The first orbital satellite is to set off for space from Western Europe will be launched
in southwest England
Pakistan set to dispatch 159 Containers of Ammunition to Ukraine
China carries out combat drills around Taiwan again in a second such exercise in less
than a month.
SPORTS
Novak Djokovic showed beats American Sebastian Korda 6-7 (8), 7-6 (3), 6-4 to win
the Adelaide International.
Anahat SinghJOIN
clinches Girls U-15 squashor
@thehindu444 titleThenewsmaster
at British Junior Open tournament in
Birmingham
January 10, 2023

INDIA
President Droupadi Murmu to confer Pravasi Bhartiya Samman Award upon 27
overseas Indians.
T.N. Governor walks out of House as Chief Minister objects to deviation from speech.
Delhi Government imposes temporary ban on plying of BS-III petrol and BS-IV diesel
four-wheelers in the national capital.
First Education Group of G-20 countries to meet in Chennai.
Joshimath sinking: Town divided into 3 zones and most-damaged buildings are to be
demolished.
Tamil Nadu CM M.K. Stalin launches Global Tamil Angels platform of Start-upTN, an
investment platform for Tamil diaspora.
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) publishes new country-specific standards for
manufacturing of digital television receivers.
India, Britain sign and exchange letters for Young Professionals Scheme.
ECONOMY
Report: Insured losses by climate change exceeding $100 billion a year.
Central government extends the term of RBI Deputy Governor Michael Debabrata
Patra, by one year.
Union Minister of State for Finance informed that India’s export with Nepal is over 10
million dollars.
RBI announces indicative calendar for issuance of Sovereign Green Bonds.
WORLD
Pakistan to get $100 million from USA for flood recovery and reconstruction aid.
Tokyo inflation raises 4% for the first time since 1982.
Jack Ma to give up control of Chinese fin-tech giant Ant Group after a regulatory
crackdown.
Privately-owned Virgin Orbit’s first space launch from Britain’s soil failed.
US President Biden makes first visit to US-Mexico border since taking office.
SPORTS
Suryakumar Yadav becomes the fastest player to reach 1,500 runs in T20
International cricket in terms of balls faced.
Khelo India National Women Kho Kho leagues commences in Punjab.
January 11, 2023
INDIA
All India Presiding Officers (Assembly Speakers) Conference will be held in Jaipur.
Road Transport
JOINand @thehindu444
Highways Ministry to
orobserve Road Safety Week from 11th to
Thenewsmaster
17th of January
DRDO carries out successful test launch of short-range ballistic missile Prithvi II off
Odisha coast
RRR’s song Naatu Naatu wins prestigious Golden Globe award for Best Original Song
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to inaugurate Global Investors Summit in Indore
Defence ministry has approved the procurement of indigenous anti-tank missiles
and Air Defence Missiles
ECONOMY
World Bank: India will be fastest-growing economy among seven largest emerging
markets and developing economies
BharatPe Gets In-principle Nod for ePayment Aggregator Licence
Exim Bank Raises USD 1 billion via 10-year Bonds
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has relaxed the offer-for-sale
(OFS) norms.
WORLD
Constantine, the former and last king of Greece, dies at the age of 82.
UK and Japan to sign major defence deal as PM Fumio Kishida visits London.
Bangladesh registers more than 75 percent decline in under-5 child mortality rate:
UNICEF
Nepal’s PM Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachand wins vote of confidence in Parliament
India, Panama sign MoU to enhance cooperation in training of diplomats

Japan continues to top the list of the world’s most powerful passport.
SPORTS
Virat Kohli’s 45th ODI hundred made India win the first of the ODI series against Sri
Lanka
Ranji Trophy: Prithvi Shaw scores triple hundred against Assam
January 12, 2023
INDIA
The central government’s integrated food security scheme has been named as
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY).
Union cabinet approved the setting up of three new national-level multi-state
cooperative societies to promote organic products, seeds, and exports.
Cabinet clears Rs 2,600 crores to promote RuPay debit card, BHIM transactions.
FSSAI survey says 15% of dietary supplements of substandard quality.
National Centre for Drinking Water, Sanitation and Quality in Kolkata has been
renamed as Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee National Institution of Water and
Sanitation.
‘Naatu Naatu’ song from ‘RRR’ Movie bags first Golden Globe in ‘best original song’
category.
School of Logistics, Waterways and Communication
JOIN @thehindu444 has been inaugurated in
or Thenewsmaster
Agartala.
ECONOMY
Cost of living crisis, digital inequality among risks for India: WEF Global Risks Report
2023.
Meta partners with Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations (FADA) to upskill
auto dealers.
India’s economic growth will slow to 6.6% in the next fiscal year from an expected
6.9% in the current year, says the World Bank’s latest economic update.
India’s net direct tax collections stood at ₹12.31 lakh crore as on January 10, at
almost 87% of the target for 2022-23.
WORLD
U.K and Japan sign defence pact allowing troop deployments in each other’s
countries and increase security cooperation.
Uganda declares end to Ebola virus outbreak which claimed 55 lives
Russia to send rescue capsule to rescue three crew of the International Space
Station, after a meteorite damaged the spacecraft.
SPORTS
FIH Men’s World Cup Hockey-2023 begins in Odisha with an opening ceremony at
Barabati Stadium.
Swastika Ghosh becomes the fourth Indian to qualify for the World Table Tennis
Championship.
January 13, 2023

INDIA
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF) adds Neelakurinji
(Strobilanthes kunthiana) on the list of protected plants under Schedule III of the
Wildlife (Protection) Act.
Tamil Nadu Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution, urging the Centre to
immediately implement the Sethusamudram project.
Press Information Bureau flags six YouTube channels for fake news.
Centre submits views of 24 States to Supreme Court on notification of religious and
linguistic minority communities.

Vice President Jagdeep Dhankar criticises the Supreme Court for using Basic
Structure Doctrine to strike down constitutional amendments by Parliament.
ECONOMY
Industrial output reached 7.1% growth in November after October contraction.
SEBI allows stock exchanges to introduce multiple contracts in the same commodity.
Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal rules out mini trade pact with U.S.
InternationalJOIN
Monetary Fund (IMF) holdsor
@thehindu444 its forecast for 2.7 % growth in 2023; MD
Thenewsmaster
Kristalina Georgieva said 2023 would be another tough year for global economy.
WORLD
California is hit by record-breaking rains and storms
Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology of UAE, Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber has
been named as COP 28 President.
French government to increase retirement age from 62 to 64 by 2030
James Webb Space Telescope Confirms Earth-Sized Planet around the habitable zone
of the red dwarf LHS 475.
SPORTS
India clinches Sri Lanka ODI series with four-wicket win in second match.
Hockey World Cup 2023: India lines up against Spain for its opening World Cup
game.
January 14, 2023

INDIA
Prime Minister Modi flags off world’s longest river cruise from Varanasi to
Dibrugarh.
Makar Sankranti festival is being observed across the country.
TRAI releases Consultation Paper on Telecommunication Infrastructure Sharing,

Spectrum Sharing and Spectrum Leasing.
Indian Railways to launch Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train.
Himachal Pradesh govt restores old pension scheme
Tamil Nadu adopts Bill to make Tamil paper compulsory for State government jobs.
Supreme Court held that exclusion of Sikkimese women who marry non-Sikkimese
men from exemptions under the Income Tax Act is unconstitutional.
ECONOMY
Rise in government capital spending pushes up investments till December by 53%
higher than FY22.
India-China trade recordec at $135.98 bn in 2022; Trade deficit crosses $100 bn mark
for the first time
Jio-BP to build EV charging infrastructure for Citroen’s India unit.
Retail inflation eases to 12-month low of 5.72% in December

WORLD
US renames five places that used racist slur for Native Americans
WHO urges South-East Asian countries to take urgent and accelerated measures
against measles
Europe’s largest known deposit of rare earth elements found in Sweden.
Sri Lanka plans to downsize military by half by 2030.
China operates first domestic
JOIN Boeing 737 or
@thehindu444 MAX Thenewsmaster
flight since 2019
SPORTS
FIFA charges Argentine Football Association for alleged offensive player misconduct
and violations of fair play at World Cup final.
Chirag Shetty, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy storm into semifinals of Malaysia Open Men’s
doubles Badminton event.
India defeats Spain in the opening match of World Cup Hockey 2023.
January 16, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for January 15-16, 2023.
INDIA
Festivals of Makar Sankranti, Magh Bihu and Pongal were celebrated in different
parts of the country.
Visakhapatnam-Secunderabad Vande Bharat Express train runs from today.
G20: Two-day ‘Think-20’ meeting to start in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
G20 Infrastructure Working Group (IWG) to begin in Pune, Maharashtra.
Centre to launch five-year National Urban Technology Mission for Municipal Services
and ULBs.
Chhattisgarh begins road construction work in Pudaang village, for the first time
since India’s Independence.
ECONOMY
Report: Richest 1% Indians own more than 40% of country’s wealth.
Japan’s SMBC Bank and Oaktree Capital Management submit expressions of interest
(EoIs) for strategic stake sale in IDBI Bank.
Swiggy has rolled out Ambulance Service for Delivery Partners and its dependants.
The government has extended the tenure of managing director (MD) and CEO of
Bank of Baroda (BoB) Sanjiv Chadha till June 2023.
CII Business Confidence Index for the October-December quarter records its highest
reading in two years.
World’s longest River Cruise MV Ganga Vilas will reach Patna today; The Cruise is on
way to Dibrugarh via Bangladesh.
WORLD
Davos 2023 : World Economic Forum Meeting begins today on the theme,
‘Cooperation in a Fragmented World’.
Britain to send 14 of its main battle tanks along with additional artillery support to
Ukraine.
Earthquake of 6.0 magnitude strikes Indonesia’s Northern Sumatra.
US President Joe Biden approves emergency declaration for California due to winter
storms
SPORTS
Shang Juncheng becomes the first male Chinese player to win an Australian Open
match.
Barcelona beats
JOINReal@thehindu444
Madrid 3-1 to lift Spanish Super Cup
or Thenewsmaster
India defeats Sri Lanka by the largest ever margin of 317 runs in the last ODI and
clinched the series by 3-0.
Indian team of Yuki Bhambri- Saketh Myneni wins Bangkok Open tennis title.
January 17, 2023

INDIA
Excellence in Governance Awards for District Magistrates to be presented by Union
Home Minister Amit Shah.
Odisha government initiates process to divest 49 per cent stake in Odisha Power
Generation Corporation (OPGC), a profit-making PSU.
Bhavin Rabari of Gujarati film Chhello Show bags International Press Academy (IPA)
award.
Chennai organises its first International Book Fair.
Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal felicitates National Startup
Awards 2022 winners
21st Edition of the Bilateral Naval Exercise between India and France- VARUNA
commenced on the Western Seaboard.
ECONOMY
India exported goods worth USD 34.48 billion in December 2022, at a 7.75% rise from
November’s figure but 12.2% dip from a year ago.
Siemens signs 3 billion euro contract to supply and service freight trains in India.
India exported more than USD 6 billion worth of smart-phones during April-
November 2022.
Wholesale inflation in December 2022 slips to 22-month low at 4.95%.
WORLD
Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe says the government will implement 13th
Amendment, which provides for devolution of power to minority Tamil community.
China’s population falls to a 60 year low, to 1.41 billion with a fall of roughly 850,000.
Nepal’s Yeti Airlines flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara crashed before landing; All 68
passengers onboard died.
Russia and Belarus began joint military exercises in Belarus military airfields.
SPORTS
World No. 1 Viktor Axelsen of Denmark and Japan’s Akane Yamaguchi claim men’s
and women’s singles titles in the Malaysia Open.
Yonex- Sunrise India Open 2023 is set to start in New Delhi.
Hockey World Cup 2023: Match between India and England ends in goalless draw.
January 19, 2023
Here are Today’s News
JOINHeadlines by GK Today or
@thehindu444 for January 18-19, 2023.
Thenewsmaster
INDIA
Annual Status of Education Report (ASER 2022) survey was released by Pratham
Foundation; flags widening learning gaps.
Network Planning Group (NPG) constituted under the PM GatiShakti National Master
Plan recommends three projects for implementation.
Tourism Ministry to organize 1st Global Tourism Investors Summit in April 2023.
India announces 100 million Maldivian Rufiyaa for community development projects
in Maldives.
First G20 Health Working Group meeting under India’s G20 presidency begins in
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Centre and Jharkhand state government decide not to convert Jain site of Sammed
Shikharji into tourism hub.
Indian Air Force launches Kargil Courier Services from Kargil to Srinagar and Jammu.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates second phase of Saansad Khel
Mahakumbh in Basti, Uttar Pradesh.
ECONOMY
India’s overall exports in April to December 2022 is estimated to record a positive
growth of 16.11 per cent over the same period last year.
India’s Index of Industrial Production increases 7.1 percent for November 2022,
highest in five months.
India sent financing assurances to IMF, becoming the first of Sri Lanka’s creditors to
officially back the island country.
SEBI propose to introduce a blocking-of-funds facility for trading in secondary
markets.
WORLD
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern will step down by next month.
NASA awarded USD 425 million to Boeing Company for the agency’s sustainable
flight demonstrator project.
Vietnam President Nguyen Xuan Phuc announces resignation following corruption
scandals.
India-Bangladesh Friendship pipeline to start supplying diesel to Bangladesh from
June
Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif calls for talks with Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
SPORTS
Rani Rampal made a comeback with a goal as India defeated South Africa 5-1 in the
first match of the hockey series in Cape Town.
India Open 2023: PV Sindhu exits after first-round loss.
Defending champion and top seed Rafael Nadal crashes out second round at the
Australian Open.
January 20,
JOIN @thehindu444 or 2023
Thenewsmaster
INDIA
Sensitisation workshop on G-20 Environment and Climate Sustainability is being held
in Bengaluru.
PM launches several development projects related to water security, farmers’
welfare and road connectivity in Karnataka.
Indian Ports Association signs MoU with Research and Information System for
Developing Countries for setting up a Centre for Maritime Economy and Connectivity
in New Delhi.
Kerala Higher Education Department issued an order to implement menstrual and
maternity leaves for students in universities.
Jaipur Literature Festival is being held completely in-person for the first time since
the COVID-19 outbreak.
ECONOMY
India produces over 5,000 lakh metric tons of sugarcane in sugar season 2021-22
Domestic air passenger traffic goes up by 47% last year compared to 2021
Supreme Court rejects Google’s plea against NCLAT order in Android case.
WORLD
Nepalese ophthalmologist Dr Sanduk Ruit wins Bahrain’s ISA Award for Service to
Humanity
Jacinda Ardern announces resignation as Prime Ministerof New Zealand.

NASA awards 425 million to Boeing Company for the sustainable flight demonstrator
project
Nationwide strikes hit France against government plans to raise the retirement age
by two years to 64.
South Africa announces joint naval drills with Russia and China.
SPORTS
Hockey World Cup: India defeated Wales 4-2 in the FIH Hockey Men’s World Cup.
FIDE World Championship 2023 is due to take place in Astana, Kazakhstan, from April
7th to May 1st.
January 21, 2023

INDIA
Meghalaya, Tripura and Manipur celebrate statehood day.
The 57th Conference of Directors General of Police / Inspectors General of Police was
organised in New Delhi
Chief Minister of Maharashtra Eknath Shinde inaugurates Regional Conference on ‘e-
Governance’ at Mumbai.
Millets & Organics 2023 – International Trade Fair was inaugurated in Thripuravasini,
Bengaluru. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution released a guide
‘Endorsements Know-hows!’ for celebrities, influencers and virtual influencers on
social media platforms
DGCA imposed a fine of ₹30 lakh on Air India and suspended the licence of a pilot-in-
command for three months over mid-air urination row.
ECONOMY
PFRDA allows nominees, claimants’ verification via online videos
IIT-Madras develops indigenous mobile operating system BharOS.
Karnataka State Cabinet decided to allow regularisation of unauthorised quarrying.
Centre to extend export scheme benefits to green hydrogen fuel manufacturers
WORLD
President Emmanuel Macron announced plans to increase France’s defence budget
by a third for the next seven years.
Inaugural Edition of Indo-Egypt Joint Training Exercise Cyclone – I commences in
Rajasthan.
Chris Hipkins set to replace Jacinda Ardern as New Zealand’s Prime Minister.
India is set to increase development assistance for debt-ridden Sri Lanka.
SPORTS
Indian Wrestlers call off protest after Sports Minister forms probe committee.
Japanese sports equipment maker Yonex to expand manufacturing capability in
India to make full carbon graphite badminton racquets.
January 22, 2023

INDIA
Prime Minister Modi to name 21 islands of Andaman & Nicobar after Param Vir
Chakra awardees
G20’s first Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group Meeting to be
held in Bengaluru.
Centre has decided to nominate Assam’s Charaideo Maidams for the UNESCO World
Heritage Site status.
Tamil Nadu to set up a turtle conservation and rehabilitation centre in Chennai.
President of India to confer the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2023 on 11
children for their achievement.

Jharkhand launches a water conservation scheme with an outlay of Rs 467.32 crore.
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and Union Minister for Science & Technology, Dr.
Jitendra Singh inaugurated “India International Science Festival, IISF-2022” in Bhopal.
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting issues directions to block the first episode
of BBC Documentary ‘India: The Modi Question’ on YouTube.
ECONOMY
Average daysJOIN
of employment provided per
@thehindu444 or household under the Mahatma Gandhi
Thenewsmaster
National Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is at a five-year low.
Commerce Ministry relaxes Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) scheme norms
to promote ease of doing business.
World Economic Forum’s 2023 Davos event ends
WORLD
UNESCO dedicates this year’s International Day of Education to Afghan girls and
women.
CDC : Omicron XBB.1.5 estimated to make up nearly half of US COVID-19 cases.
The United States is set to send hundreds of armored vehicles, rockets to Ukraine.
The U.S. designated Russia’s Wagner group as a transnational criminal organisation.
New research reveals the genes that allowed whales to grow to giant sizes.
SPORTS
Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik releases ‘Hockey & India — A Golden Legacy’ book by
Sportstar on Indian hockey
Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna stormed into second round of the Australian Open
2023 mixed doubles event.
World Number one Iga Swiatek knocked out of Australian Open by Elena Rybakina.
January 24, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for January 23-24, 2023.
INDIA
President Droupadi Murmu conferred Pradhanmantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar awards
on 11 children for exceptional achievement in six categories including Art, Culture,
Bravery, Innovation, Social Service, and Sports.
The first B20 meet being organized as part of the G20 will conclude in Gandhinagar.
PM Modi interacts with youngsters selected under ‘Know Your Leader’ programme
at his residence.
Ayush Ministry signs MoU with ITDC for promotion of medical value travel in
Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine.
Foundation day of Uttar Pradesh is being celebrated on January 24.
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) directed YouTube and Twitter to take
down links sharing the BBC documentary ‘India: The Modi Question.’
The Indian Navy commissioned the fifth diesel-electric Kalvari-class submarine Vagir.
Centre to send a proposal to UNESCO for nominating Charaideo moidams of the

Ahom kingdom as a World Heritage Site.
Assam: Men marrying girls below 14 to be booked under POCSO Act.
ECONOMY
SEBI launches information database on municipal bonds.
World Bank lauds Bangladesh as one of the world’s greatest development stories.
Atal Pension Yojana records 10 million enrolments in a calendar year.
Jammu and Kashmir launches Rs 879-crore
JOIN @thehindu444 orfood processing project.
Thenewsmaster
RBI gave banks time till end of December 2023 to complete renewal of agreements
for existing safe deposit lockers of customers.
WORLD
United States launches several new initiatives and schemes to reduce delays in visa
processing in India.
Amazon India announced the launch of Amazon Air -dedicated air cargo service in
India to speed up deliveries.
Russia and Estonia expelled the ambassadors from each other’s countries in a tit-for-
tat move.
Brazil declares medical emergency in Yanomami territory after reports of children
deaths from malnutrition.
SPORTS
India’s Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna advances to mixed doubles quarter-finals in
Australian Open Tennis.
Thai shuttler Kunlavut Vitidsarn wins India Open Badminton title.
FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup: New Zealand enters quarterfinals beating India in
penalty shoot-out.
January 25, 2023
INDIA
The Supreme Court of India simplifies procedure for passive euthanasia.
National Voters’ Day observed with the theme of ‘Nothing Like Voting, I Vote For
Sure’.
901 Police personnel awarded Police Medals on the occasion of Republic Day.
First India Stack Developer Conference to be held in New Delhi
National Girl Child Day is being observed on January 24.
Union Minister Hardeep Puri inaugurates demo-run of Inland Water Vessel in
Guwahati.
Indian Institute of Technology Madras is hosting a G20 University Connect lecture
series to engage the youth.
Himachal Pradesh Statehood Day observed on January 25.
ECONOMY
IMF confirms India’s assurance to restructure Sri Lanka’s debt

Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, EPFO, has added 16 lakh 26 thousand net
members in the month of November last year.
Domestic air passenger traffic goes up by 47% last year compared to 2021
India’s maiden tranche of Rs 8,000-cr sovereign green bond debuts.
WORLD
India bags Oscar nominations for original song and 2 documentaries
Chris HipkinsJOIN
sworn in as the 41st Prime Minister
@thehindu444 of New Zealand
or Thenewsmaster
NASA, DARPA collaborate to test ‘DRACO’ rocket engine that’ll send humans to Mars
Microsoft announced its multi-billion investment in OpenAI, the research lab that
recently created ChatGPT.
SPORTS
Rohit Sharma and Shubman Gill pair registers highest opening stand against New
Zealand in ODIs.
FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup: Germany enters quarterfinals defeating France
India becomes No. 1 ODI team in ICC Rankings after 3-0 series win over New Zealand
January 26, 2023

INDIA
India and Egypt signs a MoU to facilitate content exchange, capacity building, and co-
productions between Prasar Bharati and National Media Authority of Egypt.
President has approved the conferment of 106 Padma Awards- 6 Padma Vibhushan,
9 Padma Bhushan and 91 Padma Shri Awards.
President of India approves 412 Gallantry Awards for Defence personnel.
5.9-magnitude earthquake hits Western Nepal
Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud announced in open court that the Supreme
Court will release 1,268 judgments in 13 Indian languages on Republic Day.
The Monument Mitra scheme will soon be revamped to enable private firms, to
upkeep 1,000 ASI monuments.
Five to seven countries to sign up for adopting ‘India Stack’- India-developed
technology platforms like UPI, DigiLocker and Aadhaar.
ECONOMY
Google announced it would change its Android and Play policies in India in order to
comply with the CCI’s directives.
UN predicts India growth to moderate to 5.8% in 2023, in its World Economic
Situation and Prospects 2023 report.
Tata-owned Air India rolls out a staff stock option plan.
Centre to release 3 million tonnes wheat to open market to tackle high prices.
RBI Proposes Stressed Assets Securitisation Framework for Quicker Resolution
WORLD
UNESCO designates Ukraine’s Odesa a World Heritage in Danger site

Australians are marking the 235th anniversary of British colonization; Australia Day
focuses on Black recognition in constitution.
North Korea locks down capital city Pyongyang over ‘respiratory illness’
Germany and the United States said they will send battle tanks to Ukraine.
SPORTS
Women’s IPL auction attracts Rs 4,670 cr in winning bids as the second most
lucrative cricket
JOINleagu; Adani tops bidder list.
@thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Hockey World Cup: Germany beat England and Netherlands defeat Korea to enter
Semi-finals
Australian Open: Sania Mirza and Rohan Bopanna defeat American-British duo in
mixed doubles semifinal.
January 27, 2023

INDIA
India celebrates 74th Republic Day on Kartavya Path; Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah
al-Sisi was the chief guest at the ceremonial event.
Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann to inaugurate 500 ‘Aam Aadmi Clinics’
(Mohalla Clinics) across Amritsar.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to hold the yearly Pariksha Pe Charcha, to interact
with students, teachers and parents from across the country,
DGCA: Domestic airlines in the country have received a total of 5,901 passenger
complaints in 2022.
Bharat Biotech International Limited (BBIL) launched iNCOVACC (BBV154), the
world’s first intranasal vaccine for Covid-19.
ISRO: Aditya-L1, the first Indian space mission to observe the Sun and the solar
corona will be launched by June-July: ISRO chairman
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Announces Unemployment Allowance

BSF launches mobile app to book tickets for Wagah border retreat ceremony parade.
ECONOMY
Preparations for FY 2023-24 Union Budget entered the last stage with the customary
Halwa ceremony.
Food Corporation of India (FCI)’s first wheat e-auction to be held on February 1.
Dell Acquires Cloud Services Startup Cloudify for USD 100 mn
WORLD
South Africa signs deal with India to relocate dozens of cheetahs over the next
decade.
Egypt plans to allot land to Indian industries in Suez Canal Special Economic Zone
US shuts down major ransomware network Hive, which extorted more than US$100
million from more than 1,500 victims worldwide.
Canada appoints first representative to fight Islamophobia.

SPORTS
Sania Mirza, Rohan Bopanna lose Australian Open mixed doubles title to the
Brazilian team of Luisa Stefani and Rafael Matos.
India’s Lakshya Sen entered the men’s singles quarterfinals of the Indonesia Masters
BWF Super 500 tournament.
Babar Azam wins the International Cricket Council’s (ICC) Sir Garfield Sobers award
for cricketer of the year.
January 28, 2023
INDIA
India issued a notice to Islamabad seeking modification of the 1960 Indus Waters
Treaty (IWT).
All government vehicles older than 15 years to be scrapped from April.
SCO Film Festival 2023 opens in a grand ceremony in Mumbai.
Textiles Ministry clears 15 Research & Development projects across key strategic
areas
MeitY Startup Hub and Meta shortlists 120 Startups and Innovators for the XR
Startup Program
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on Friday notified nine officials to
act as members of Grievance Appellate Committees
Centre prepares for Rs 41,000 crore international transhipment port at Great Nicobar
Island
ECONOMY
EPFO launches massive outreach programme in all districts through revamped ‘Nidhi
Aapke Nikat’ programme.
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) celebrates International
Customs Day, 2023
Govt clears 15 R&D projects worth around Rs 32.25 cr in key strategic areas
FSSAI notifies financial regulations, under which it will maintain a Food Safety and
Standards Authority of India Fund.
WORLD
India-Egypt MoU on cultural cooperation signed for five years
India and South Africa signed a long-pending agreement to translocate 12 cheetahs
to India.
President Joe Biden names Jeff Zients, who oversaw the administration’s coronavirus
response, as the next White House chief of staff.
15th BRICS summit to be held in August in South Africa’s Durban.
SPORTS
ICC names all-female panel of match officials for 2023 Women’s T20 World Cup.
Novak Djokovic reaches 10th Australian Open final, to face Stefanos Tsitsipas in final
clash.
January 30, 2023

INDIA
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launches Ladli Bahina
Scheme. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
President Droupadi Murmu to grace opening of Gardens of Rashtrapati Bhavan in
Udyan Utsav 2023.
Indian Air Force orders inquiry to find the cause of accident of two fighter planes at
Morena
Two-day inception meeting of Startup-20 begins in Hyderabad.
Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) signs MoU to make Rolls-Royce
marine engines
Delhi government to introduce 1,500 e-scooters at 250 locations in the next one year.
ECONOMY
Aadhaar e-KYC transactions jump 18.53 percent to 84.8 crores between October to
December 2022.
Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) starts exports of aviation gasoline, which is used to
operate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and small planes.
WORLD
President of 77th Session of UN General Assembly, Csaba Korosi to be on a visit to
India.
Flood emergency continues in New Zealand’s north island
WHO releases latest assessment of omicron variant
SPORTS
World Boxing Champion Nikhat Zareen to represent mining PSU NMDC as its brand
ambassador.
Khelo India Youth Games to commence on 30th January in Madhya Pradesh.
Australian Open 2023: Aryna Sabalenka beats Elena Rybakina to secure title
January 30, 2023

INDIA
Odisha’s Health Minister Naba Kishore Das died after being shot by a policeman.
Patiala Military Literature Festival concludes
New plateau found by ARI team in Thane, Maharashtra could hold clues to plant
survival.
First G20 International Financial Architecture Working Group meeting begins in
Chandigarh.
Nation observes Mahatma Gandhi’s 74th death anniversary on January 30.

ECONOMY
Google blocked 50,000 pieces of content shared by pro-China accounts last year
across various platforms.
Tata Trusts are setting up endowment funding entities on the lines of the US-based
Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
NSE emerges as the World’s Largest Derivatives Bourse for 4th year in a row.
High Street Rentals
JOIN in@thehindu444
Top 8 Cities rise up or
to 50% in 2022.
Thenewsmaster
WORLD
Google researchers create AI that can generate minutes-long musical pieces from
text.
British PM sacks Conservative Party Chairman Nadhim Zahawi from government
over his tax affairs
Pakistan federal government announces an increase in prices of petrol and diesel by
35 rupees.
SPORTS
India claimed its maiden ICC title in women’s cricket as it lifted the inaugural U-19
World Cup.
Germany beat Belgium 5-4 in penalty shootout to win FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup
in Bhubaneswar.
Tech-driven sports company SFA signs a five-year sponsorship deal with Sports
Authority of India (SAI) for Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG).
January 31, 2023
INDIA
President of India to address the 31st Foundation Day event of National Commission
for Women (NCW).
Bengaluru to host the first G20 Energy Transition Working Group Meeting under
India’s Presidency.
Best marching contingents and tableaux of Republic Day Parade 2023 announced:
Uttarakhand adjudged best State/UT tableau; Ministry of Tribal Affairs tops
Ministries/Departments.
First Employment Working Group meeting under the Indian presidency of G20 to be
held in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
Budget Session of Parliament begins with the address of President Droupadi Murmu
to the joint sitting of both Houses.
More than 900,000 vehicles older than 15 years, owned by the Centre and states, will
be scrapped.
ECONOMY
IMF raises its 2023 global growth outlook due to resilient demand in the US and
Europe and the reopening of China’s economy.
IMF board approves USD 4.7 billion support program for Bangladesh.
Netherlands emerged as India’s third largest exports destination after the US and
UAE during April-December 2022.
WORLD
In Pakistan Peshawar mosque suicide blast, death toll rises to 59, and over 150 are
injured.
Finland invites Indian tech professionals during layoff season.
UK to be country
JOIN partner for BioAsia 2023,or
@thehindu444 the Thenewsmaster
global event hosted by Telangana.
Toyota remains top-selling car-maker in World for third straight year.
SPORTS
Khelo India Youth Games declared open in Bhopal; 6,000 athletes to take part in 27
sports.
Novak Djokovic back at top of ATP rankings, after winning Australian Open
Championship.
January 2, 2023
Dexa: BCCI's new selection criteria for Indian players
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced on January 1st that the Dexa
bone density test will be mandatory for Indian players to be selected for the national
team. The Yo-Yo Test will also return as part of the team’s preparation for the 2023 ODI
World Cup. This comes after a year of injuries for the Indian team, which saw them fail to
reach the final of both the Asia Cup and the T20 World Cup.
What is Dexa?
Dexa, also known as the bone density test, is an X-ray technology that measures
bone strength.
It can help identify if a person has a risk of breaking or losing bones, and can be used
to determine if a player is at risk of fracturing any body parts.
Dexa can also measure body composition and record body fat and muscle mass.
Why the Changes?
The strict measures implemented by the BCCI to ensure player fitness before
selection come as a response to the team’s injury crisis over the past year.
Indian captain Rohit Sharma has spoken out about the issue, suggesting that half-fit
players have been playing for India.
The Yo-Yo Test and Dexa will help ensure that only fully fit players are selected for
the national team.
What is DEXA Test?
DEXA, or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, is a method of determining bone mineral
density using spectral imaging.
Two X-ray beams at different energy levels are directed at the bone, and the
resulting chart shows the current bone density and mineral content of the bone.
Why is DEXA Test Important for Injured Players Making a Return?
The DEXA Test is important for injured players aiming to return to the Indian national
team because it can help determine their bone strength and mineral density.
When players are injured, their bone mineral density can decrease significantly.
The DEXA Test can be used as a precautionary measure to ensure that injured
players are fully fit and not at risk of re-injury when they return to the team.
What is Yo-Yo Test?
The Yo-Yo test is a fitness test that is used to measure a person’s endurance. It
involves running back and forth between two cones placed 20 meters apart.
The speed at which the person runs increases over time, and the test is stopped
when the person is unable to keep up with the required speed. The Yo-Yo test is
often used in sports to evaluate the endurance of athletes, and it is particularly
popular in soccer.
The test has also been used by other sports teams, including the Indian cricket team.
The implementation of the Yo-Yo Test and Dexa by the BCCI is a proactive measure to
ensure the fitness and health of Indian players. By only selecting fully fit players, the team
hopes to avoid the injury struggles of the past year and compete at the highest level. The
Yo-Yo Test and Dexa will be important tools for the team as they prepare for the 2023 ODI
World Cup.
Six years of 'Bharat Interface for Money'
On the 30th of December 2016, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, launched the
Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) payment app. Six years later, BHIM is still going strong,
with a steadily increasing user base and a high volume of transactions being processed
through the app. In this article, we take a look at what BHIM is, how it works, and its
impact on the Indian payment landscape.
What is BHIM?
BHIM is a mobile payment app developed by the National Payments Corporation of India
(NPCI). It is based on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which allows for electronic
payment directly through a bank. The app is available for use on all mobile devices,
including smartphones and feature phones, and can be used with or without an internet
connection.
One of the key features of BHIM is its use of biometric authentication. Users can link their
bank accounts with the app and make payments by simply using their thumb impression.
This makes the payment process quick and easy, and also helps to ensure the security of
transactions.
How Does BHIM Work?
To use BHIM, users first need to download the app and link it to their bank account.
This can be done by entering their bank details and authenticating the connection
using their thumb impression. Once the app is set up, users can make payments to
other BHIM users or to merchants who accept BHIM payments.
To make a payment, the user simply needs to enter the recipient’s UPI ID or scan
their QR code. They can then enter the amount they wish to pay and confirm the
transaction using their thumb impression. The payment is then transferred instantly
to the recipient’s account.
BHIM also has a range of additional features, including the ability to check account
balances, view transaction history, and request and send money to other users.
Impact of BHIM on the Indian Payment Landscape
Since its launch, BHIM has had a significant impact on the Indian payment landscape.
One of the main goals of the app was to encourage cashless transactions and reduce
the reliance on physical
JOIN currency. In thisor
@thehindu444 respect, BHIM has been successful, with a
Thenewsmaster
steadily increasing number of transactions being processed through the app.
According to data from the NPCI, the value of UPI transactions processed through
BHIM in November 2021 was INR 11.9 lakh crore (approximately $162 billion), with a
volume of 7.3 billion transactions. This represents a significant increase from the
previous year, and is a testament to the growing popularity of BHIM among users.
In addition to increasing the use of cashless transactions, BHIM has also helped to
make payment processing more efficient. By allowing users to make payments
directly through their bank accounts, BHIM has reduced the need for intermediaries,
such as credit card companies, in the payment process. This has helped to reduce
transaction fees and make payment processing more cost-effective for both users
and merchants.
In the six years since its launch, BHIM has become an integral part of the Indian payment
landscape. Its use of biometric authentication and its ability to facilitate electronic
payments directly through bank accounts has made it an attractive option for both users
and merchants. As the app continues to grow in popularity, it is likely to have an even
greater impact on the way that payments are made in India.
India Assumes Chairmanship of Wassenaar Arrangement
The Wassenaar Arrangement (WA), a voluntary export control regime that monitors the
transfer of conventional weapons and dual-use goods, has announced that India will
assume the chairmanship of its plenary for the next year. The 26th annual plenary of the
WA, held in Vienna on November 30 and December 1, saw Ireland’s ambassador Eoin
O’Leary hand over the chairmanship to India’s ambassador Jaideep Mazumdar, the
permanent representative to the UN and international organizations in Vienna. India
joined the WA in December 2017 as its 42nd participating state.
What is the Wassenaar Arrangement?
The Wassenaar Arrangement is a multilateral export control regime that promotes
transparency and responsibility in the transfer of conventional arms and dual-use goods
and technologies through regular exchanges of information among its members. The
regime aims to track such transfers and prevent “destabilizing accumulations” of
conventional arms and dual-use goods. The WA operates on a consensus basis and its
plenary is the main decision-making body.
The WA is an elite group of countries that subscribe to arms export controls, similar to the
Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Missile Technology Control Regime. It was established in
1996 to succeed the Cold War-era Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
and is named after Wassenaar, a suburb of The Hague where the agreement to start such
multilateral cooperation was reached in 1995. The WA is headquartered in Vienna and
currently has 42 members, with all permanent members of the UN Security Council
(except for China) being signatories.
How Does the Wassenaar Arrangement Work?
The goal of the WA is to “promote transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of
conventional armsJOIN
and dual-use goods and technologies,”
@thehindu444 according to the WA website.
or Thenewsmaster
Participants are required to ensure that transfers of these items do not contribute to the
development or enhancement of military capabilities that undermine the goal of the WA,
which is also to prevent the acquisition of these items by terrorists. The WA operates using
what it calls WA Control Lists, which are subject to ratification by the participants.
Members of the WA agree to exchange information on sensitive dual-use goods and
technologies and report on such transfers and denials of controlled items to non-
participants.
What Does This Mean for India?
India’s membership in the WA has aided its efforts to gain access to sensitive goods and
technologies from leading players in the West. Additionally, as a non-signatory of the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, India hopes that its membership in the WA will boost its
credentials to enter the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). It is worth noting that China,
which has blocked India’s entry into the NSG, is not a member of the WA.
Criticisms of the Wassenaar Arrangement
Some critics view the WA as a Cold War instrument with a different name, arguing that it
perpetuates a digital divide by restricting western companies and governments from
supplying crucial technologies to emerging markets. Computer scientists and policy
analysts have also expressed concern that developed economies are using less developed
countries as guinea pigs for their cybersecurity research by supplying them with intrusive
technologies that could be used for mass surveillance. The Electronic Frontier Foundation,
a digital rights group, has accused the United States of seeking even narrower restrictions
on technology transfer.
New integrated Food Security Scheme
The Central Government of India recently announced the launch of a new integrated food
security scheme, which will provide free food grains to 81.35 crore beneficiaries under the
National Food Security Act (NFSA) for the year 2023. The Cabinet has decided to
implement this central sector scheme in order to fulfill the vision of “One Nation-One
Price-One Ration” under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This commitment of the
government is intended to benefit the most vulnerable 67% of the population, which is
81.35 crore persons covered under the NFSA.
Objectives of the Scheme
According to the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, the government has a social and legal
commitment to ensuring that the people of India have access to food and nutritional
security, through the availability of quality food grains. The new scheme aims to ensure
effective and uniform implementation of the National Food Security Act, and to provide
accessibility, affordability, and availability of food grains for the poor. It will also enable
uniform implementation of portability under the “One Nation One Ration Card” program,
which allows ration cards to be used anywhere in the country.
Beneficiaries of the Scheme
Under the scheme, the government will provide free food grains to all NFSA beneficiaries,
including Antyodaya Ann Yojana
JOIN households and
@thehindu444 orPriority Household persons, for one year
Thenewsmaster
through the network of 5.33 lakh fair price shops across the country. The food grains will
be distributed through the widespread network of over five lakh Fair Price Shops across
the country.
Implementation of the Scheme
The new integrated scheme will subsume two current food subsidy schemes of the
Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFPD): the food subsidy to the Food
Corporation of India (FCI) for the NFSA, and sops for decentralized procurement
states, which deal with the procurement, allocation, and delivery of free food grains
under the NFSA.
In order to implement the scheme, the Secretary of DFPD held a meeting with all
state food secretaries on December 29, 2022, during which issues related to the
distribution of free food grains were discussed, including technical resolutions. All
states and Union Territories assured to implement the free food grain scheme from
January 1, 2023.
The government has also issued an order to all general managers of the FCI to visit
three ration shops every day in different areas of their jurisdiction from January 1
until January 7, and to submit a report to the DFPD nodal officer on a daily basis for
review and corrective action.
In view of the free food grains, an advisory has been issued to the states and Union
Territories on the mechanism for providing a dealer’s margin for distributing food
grains to beneficiaries, as well as on the status of the implementation of the scheme.

Financial Implications of the Scheme
The Central Government will bear the food subsidy of more than Rs 2 lakh crore (200
billion rupees) for 2023. This decision will strengthen the provisions of the NFSA in terms
of accessibility, affordability, and availability of food grains for the poor.
The launch of the new integrated food security scheme is a significant step towards
fulfilling the government’s commitment to ensuring access to food and nutritional
security for the people of India. The scheme will provide free food grains to 81.35 crore
beneficiaries under the NFSA for the year 2023, and aims to ensure effective and uniform
implementation of the National Food Security Act. It will also enable uniform
implementation of portability under the “One Nation One Ration Card” program, and will
be implemented through the network of 5.33 lakh fair price shops across the country.
Bhima-Koregaon Battle Anniversary
The 205th anniversary of the Bhima-Koregaon battle was celebrated peacefully this year,
with lakhs of Ambedkarites from across Maharashtra and the country gathering near the
Ranstambh (victory pillar) in Perne village, Pune district. This year’s celebration was
heavily guarded by 7,000 security personnel, with the Pune Rural Police monitoring social
media to delete any posts containing potentially provocative content in order to prevent a
recurrence of the violence that occurred during the bicentenary celebrations in 2018.
Background of the Bhima-Koregaon battle
The Bhima-Koregaon JOINbattle took place on January
@thehindu444 or 1, 1818, between the British East India
Thenewsmaster
Company and the army of Peshwa Bajirao II. The British had just 834 infantrymen, around
500 of whom were from the Mahar community, and 12 officers, while the Peshwa army
consisted of 28,000 soldiers. Although the outcome of the battle was inconclusive, the
Jaystambh (obelisk) in Bhima-Koregaon village was erected by the British government in
1821 to commemorate the soldiers who had fought against the Peshwas.
Importance to the Dalit community
For the Dalit community, the Bhima-Koregaon battle gained renewed significance when
Babasaheb Ambedkar visited the site on January 1, 1927. The battle became a rallying
point and a source of pride for the community, as the narrative of Ambedkarite Dalits is
that a British army comprising 500 Mahar soldiers defeated a 25,000 strong force of upper
caste Brahmins (the Peshwas) in the battle. This led to lakhs of people, mainly from the
Ambedkarite Mahar community, turning up on January 1 to pay homage at the Jaystambh
and see the battle as a “war for freedom” against alleged casteism of the Peshwas.
2018 violence and aftermath
Unfortunately, the bicentenary celebrations in 2018 were marred by violence and social
tensions in Maharashtra, with property belonging to Ambedkarite members being
destroyed. Ambedkarite outfits have accused the state police of not properly investigating
the clashes, which took place under the BJP government led by Devendra Fadnavis. The
Pune-based Republican Yuva Morcha (RYM) has even accused the former BJP regime of
shielding the alleged perpetrators of the violence, including radical Hindutva leaders
Milind Ekbote and Sambhaji Bhide.

Narrative of the Maratha community
However, the descendants of Kandojibin Gajoji Jamadar, a soldier appointed as in-charge
of the Jaystambh by the British on December 13, 1824, argue that both the British and
Peshwa forces consisted of soldiers from various castes and religions. They maintain that
the history of the Bhima-Koregaon battle “should not be distorted and used for making
any casteist remarks.”
Covid-19 Variant XBB.1.5 Emerges as a New Threat
The emergence of a new Covid-19 variant called XBB.1.5 has experts worried about the
potential for a significant upsurge in cases globally. The first case of this new strain was
found in India, and it has already caused concern due to its ability to evade immune
systems and its high level of contagion.
Here are five things you should know about the XBB.1.5 variant.
XBB.1.5 is More Contagious and Immune Evasive than Other Variants

One of the most concerning aspects of the XBB.1.5 variant is its ability to spread more
quickly and evade immune systems more effectively than other variants. In fact, data
shows that it is 108% more contagious than the BQ1 variant, and it continues to improve,
currently standing at 120% quicker. This makes it more dangerous than the Omicron BF
variant, which is already known to be highly contagious.
XBB.1.5 is a Recombinant Strain with Genetic Material from Two Variants
The XBB.1.5 variant is a recombinant
JOIN @thehindu444 strain, meaning it has genetic material from two
or Thenewsmaster
different coronavirus variants. Specifically, it descends from the XBB subvariant, which was
produced by the recombination of two sub-variants that evolved from the BA.2 omicron
subvariant. This means that it has genetic material from two variants that descended from
the BA.2 subvariant.
XBB.1.5 May Have Originated in India or New York
The omicron sub-variants XBB and XBB.1 were originally discovered in India, leading some
researchers to suggest that XBB.1.5 may have mutated in that country. However, Eric
Topol, a professor of molecular medicine at Scripps Research Institute, has suggested that
it may have originated in New York instead. The exact origins of this new variant are still
being investigated.
XBB.1.5 is Responsible for a High Percentage of Covid-19 Cases in the US
According to data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the highly
contagious XBB.1.5 subvariant is now responsible for over 40% of Covid-19 cases in the
United States. In the past week alone, the number of cases caused by this subvariant has
doubled. This highlights the need for caution and continued efforts to slow the spread of
this highly contagious variant.
Covid Booster Shots May Not Offer Ideal Protection Against
Infectious diseases specialist Anthony Fauci has stated that while Covid booster shots,
which target the original variant of the coronavirus as well as the BA.4 and BA.5 sub-
variants, may offer some protection against the XBB subvariant, it would not be ideal. This
underscores the importance of continuing to monitor the spread of the XBB.1.5 variant
and working to develop new vaccines and treatments that can effectively combat it.
Overall, the emergence of the XBB.1.5 variant highlights the need for continued vigilance
in the fight against Covid-19. This highly contagious and immune evasive strain has the
potential to trigger a significant upsurge in cases globally, and it is important for
individuals to take steps to protect themselves and slow the spread of this new threat.
Supreme Court Verdict on Demonetisation Case
The Supreme Court of India has upheld the 2016 decision of the Narendra Modi
government to demonetize currency notes of INR 500 and INR 1,000 denominations. The
decision, which was taken by a 4:1 majority of the Constitution Bench, stated that the
central government’s notification of November 8, 2016 was valid and met the test of
proportionality.
Background of Demonetization
On November 8, 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the

demonetization of INR 500 and INR 1,000 banknotes in a bid to promote digital payments
and curb black money flows. However, the move was met with widespread criticism and
protests, with many accusing the government of causing inconvenience and economic
disruption.
Timeline of Demonetization Case
The decision to demonetize the high-value currency notes was challenged in the
Supreme Court,
JOIN with@thehindu444
a plea being filed on
orNovember 9, 2016. In August 2017, the
Thenewsmaster
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released a paper stating that unusual deposits of INR 1.7
lakh crore had been made during demonetization. The RBI also estimated that in
nominal terms, excess deposits accrued to the banking system due to
demonetization were in the range of INR 2.8-4.3 lakh crore.
In July 2017, the Income Tax department announced that it had detected around INR
71,941 crore worth of “undisclosed income” through searches, seizures, and surveys
over the past three years. In August of the same year, the RBI issued new INR 500
and INR 2000 denomination banknotes.
The Supreme Court constituted a Constitution Bench in September 2022 to consider
the validity of the demonetization decision. In December 2022, the Court reserved its
verdict on the pleas challenging demonetization and directed the central
government and the RBI to provide relevant records for its perusal.
Supreme Court’s Decision
On January 2, 2023, the Supreme Court upheld the decision to demonetize the INR
500 and INR 1,000 denomination notes in a 4:1 majority verdict. The Court stated that
the decision-making process was not flawed and that great restraint must be
exercised in matters of economic policy. The Court also emphasized that it cannot
supplant the wisdom of the executive through a judicial review of its decision.
However, Justice BV Nagarathna rendered a dissenting view, stating that the
scrapping of the whole series of INR 500 and INR 1,000 notes was unlawful on legal
grounds. Despite acknowledging that the demonetization was well-intentioned and

well thought out, Justice Nagarathna maintained that it had to be declared unlawful.
Impact of Demonetization
According to data from the Reserve Bank of India, the currency in circulation (CIC) in value
terms soared from INR 17.74 lakh crore on November 4, 2016, to INR 32.42 lakh crore on
December 23, 2022. This indicates that demonetization had no discernible impact on CIC in
the country.
UPI Reaches Record High in December
India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) processed a record 7.82 billion transactions in
December, worth a total of INR 12.82tn ($174.6bn). This represents an increase of 7.12% in
volume and 7.73% in value compared to November. On a year-on-year basis, volume and
value increased by 71% and 55% respectively.
Rapid Growth for UPI in Last Two Years
In 2022, UPI processed over 74 billion transactions worth INR 125.94tn. In 2021, it
processed 38 billion transactions worth INR 71.54tn.
This represents a YoY increase of 90% in volume and 76% in value.
UPI reached 1 billion transactions in October 2019, 2 billion in October 2020, and 3
billion in January 2021.
Shift from P2P to P2M Transactions
UPI was initially used mostly for P2P transactions, but has seen a significant shift
towards P2MJOIN
transactions in recent years.or
@thehindu444 Thenewsmaster
It is now the most popular payment method for P2M transactions in terms of
volume.
The adoption of the RuPay credit feature on UPI by larger credit issuers, including
HDFC Bank and three public sector issuers, is expected to boost UPI transactions
further.
NPCI Targets One Billion Transactions Per Day
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), which manages and operates UPI, has
a target of one billion transactions per day. NPCI hopes to achieve this within the next
three to five years.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
It is an umbrella non-for-profit organization that operates the retail payments and
settlement systems across India. It was founded in December 2008. It has been registered
under Section 8 of Companies Act 2013. The organisation was established by Reserve Bank
of India and Indian Banks’ Association. It is owned by a consortium of major banks.
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
It is an instant real-time payment system which has been developed by National Payments
Corporation of India. This interface provides for the inter-bank transactions. It is regulated
by the Reserve Bank of India. Around 207 banks are available on UPI, as of December
2020, that accounts for the transaction of 2334.16 million monthly.
Draft Statement on Industrial Policy 2022

The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in India is currently
working on a new industrial policy that aims to increase financing options for industry and
promote the “Made in India” brand. This policy, titled the “Statement on Industrial Policy
2022 – Make in India for the world,” has been circulated to various ministries for their
input and comments. It is expected to address the challenges and issues facing industry in
India by implementing policy measures that will foster an innovative and competitive
industrial ecosystem.
Objectives of the Industrial Policy
The proposed policy has identified six main objectives:
Competitiveness and capability: The policy aims to increase competitiveness and
capability within the industrial sector in India.
Economic integration and global value chain: The policy aims to increase
economic integration and move up the global value chain.

Attractive investment destination: The policy aims to make India an attractive
investment destination.
Innovation and entrepreneurship: The policy aims to nurture innovation and
entrepreneurship within the industrial sector.
Global scale and standards: The policy aims to achieve global scale and standards
within the industrial sector.
Integrated investment promotion: The
JOIN @thehindu444 orpolicy aims to implement an integrated
Thenewsmaster
investment promotion strategy by involving district, state, national, and international
market synergies.
Financing Options for Industry
The proposed policy includes several suggestions for increasing access to finance for the
industry. These include:
Setting up a development finance institution to provide finance at competitive rates.
Using a portion of foreign exchange reserves for funding.
Providing performance-based loans and incentives for innovation and green growth.
Leveraging fintech to increase access to finance.
Encouraging MSMEs (micro, small, and medium enterprises) to use the corporate
bond market for financing.
Accepting intellectual property rights as collateral for loans.
Enabling supply chain financing.
Encouraging microfinance institutions to form cooperative groups and finance
micro-enterprises at affordable rates.
Promoting the “Made in India” Brand
The proposed policy includes a scheme to promote the “Made in India” brand, which
could serve as a platform for manufacturers to demonstrate local value addition and
enhance the country’s credibility as a source of quality products.
Other Suggestions in the Proposed Policy
In addition to the financing options and the “Made in India” brand promotion scheme, the
proposed policy includes several other suggestions:
Incentivizing public procurement to promote “Make in India.”
Creating a national digital grid.
Developing a robust data protection regime.
Setting up a technology fund.
Creating a task force to continuously identify skill gaps.
Strengthening export finance systems to enhance export competitiveness.
Creating innovation zones at the level of urban local bodies.
Formulating a national capacity development program to nurture innovation.
Rolling out social security schemes for women workers.
Including labor-intensive industries under the production-linked incentive scheme.
The proposed industrial policy from the DPIIT in India aims to address the challenges and
issues facing the industrial sector in the country. It includes several suggestions for
increasing access to finance and promoting the “Made in India” brand, as well as other
measures to foster innovation and competitiveness. The policy is expected to replace the
industrial policy of 1991 and is currently being circulated to various ministries for their
input and comments.
Railways' Energy efficiency plan
The Indian RailwayJOIN
Ministry has outlined a five-pronged
@thehindu444 plan to become carbon-neutral by
or Thenewsmaster
2030, as part of the country’s commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change. The plan aims to reduce energy consumption through efficient
operations and increase the use of renewable energy.
One key component of the plan is the installation of rooftop solar panels on all railway
establishments, which is expected to significantly increase the use of renewable energy in
non-traction operations, such as administrative and maintenance activities. Non-traction
operations currently account for over 2,100 GWh of electricity use per year, and this is
projected to increase by 30% by 2030 as the Indian railway network expands.
Sustainable Buildings
The railway board also plans to ensure that buildings are compliant with the Shunya
standards of net-zero emissions set by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency. This includes the
adoption of sustainable cooling solutions, as well as the integration of automatic power
factor correction in all railway establishments.
Energy Efficiency in Equipment and Appliances
The railway ministry is looking to induct new technology, such as artificial intelligence and
the Internet of Things (IoT), to monitor and manage greenhouse gas emissions. The
railway board has also sought the input of the Research Development and Standards
Organization to come up with innovative ways to reduce its carbon output.
Power Quality and Restoration
On the traction front, the railways are undertaking electrification on their tracks, as well as
a simultaneous shift to electric locomotives. In FY23, the railways achieved 1973 route km
of electrification, which is 41% higher than the previous year. However, experts have
pointed out that electrified trains, which operate through power supplied via grids, cannot
truly be carbon-neutral as long as the grid itself is powered by coal instead of renewable
sources.
Capacity Building and Awareness
The railway ministry has asked zonal railways to create an action plan for energy efficiency
within 15 days. This includes the development of a cloud-based data monitoring and
management portal, which will allow for better tracking and management of energy
consumption and emissions.
Overall, the Indian railway ministry’s energy efficiency plan represents a significant step
towards achieving the country’s goal of net-zero emissions by 2070. By adopting
sustainable buildings, energy-efficient equipment and appliances, and increasing the use
of renewable energy, the railways hope to significantly reduce their carbon output and
become a leader in sustainable transportation.
RBI's Launch of Utkarsh 2.0
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched Utkarsh 2.0, the second phase of its
medium-term strategy for strengthening regulatory and supervisory mechanisms.
Utkarsh 2.0 builds upon the foundation laid by Utkarsh 2022, which was launched in July
2019 and covered the period from 2019 to 2022. Utkarsh 2.0 will guide the RBI over the
period from 2023 to 2025 and
JOIN includes six vision
@thehindu444 orstatements that are designed to improve
Thenewsmaster
the performance of the RBI’s statutory and other functions, enhance its relevance and
significance at the national and global levels, and improve its internal governance,
infrastructure, and human resources.
Utkarsh 2.0
Utkarsh 2.0 is the second phase of the RBI’s medium-term strategy for strengthening
regulatory and supervisory mechanisms. It builds upon the foundation laid by Utkarsh
2022, which was launched in July 2019 and covered the period from 2019 to 2022. Utkarsh
2.0 will guide the RBI over the period from 2023 to 2025 and includes six vision statements
that are designed to improve the performance of the RBI’s statutory and other functions,
enhance its relevance and significance at the national and global levels, and improve its
internal governance, infrastructure, and human resources.
The six vision statements are:
Excellence in performance of statutory and other functions: This vision statement
aims to improve the performance of the RBI’s statutory and other functions in order
to better serve the needs of the Indian people and the economy.
Strengthened trust of citizens and institutions in the RBI: This vision statement seeks
to enhance the trust that citizens and institutions have in the RBI, as this is essential
for the RBI to effectively fulfill its mandate.
Enhanced relevance and significance in national and global roles: This vision
statement aims to improve the RBI’s relevance and significance at the national and
global levels, as this will enable the RBI to better contribute to the stability and
development of the Indian economy.
Transparent, accountable, and ethics-driven internal governance: This vision
statement focuses on improving the RBI’s internal governance by making it more
transparent, accountable, and guided by a strong ethical code.
Best-in-class and environment-friendly digital and physical infrastructure: This vision
statement seeks to improve the RBI’s digital and physical infrastructure by making it
the best-in-class and environmentally friendly.
Innovative, dynamic, and skilled human resources: This vision statement aims to
improve the quality and capabilities of the RBI’s human resources by making them
more innovative, dynamic, and skilled.
Implementation and Progress Monitoring:
The RBI attaches great importance to its medium-term strategy and monitors its
implementation and progress through a sub-committee of its Central Board. This ensures
that the RBI remains on track in achieving the milestones set out in Utkarsh 2.0 and is able
to adapt to changing circumstances as needed.
About the Reserve Bank of India:
The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India and was established under the
Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934. It began operations on April 1, 1935, and was
nationalized in 1949, with the government of India becoming its owner. The RBI is
responsible for regulating banks under the Banking
JOIN @thehindu444 Regulation Act of 1949 and non-
or Thenewsmaster
banking financial companies (NBFCs) under the Reserve Bank of India Act of 1934. It is
also the regulator of the digital payment system under the Payment and Settlement Act of
2007. The headquarters of the RBI are located in Mumbai, and the current governor is
Shaktikanta Das.
Birth Anniversary of Satyendra Nath Bose
The Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose made significant contributions to the field of
quantum mechanics, and his work with Albert Einstein led to the development of the
Bose-Einstein statistics. On the occasion of his 129th birth anniversary, we take a look at
his life and achievements.
Early Life and Education
Born in Kolkata, India in 1894, Bose showed an early aptitude for mathematics, thanks in
part to his father, who gave him arithmetic problems to solve every day. Bose excelled in
his studies, earning a Bachelor of Science degree at the Presidency College and later a
MSc in Mixed Mathematics in 1915. He was only 22 when he was appointed as a lecturer at
Calcutta University, alongside astrophysicist Meghnad Saha.
Breakthrough in Quantum Mechanics
While teaching Planck’s formula for the distribution of energy from black body radiation,
Bose began to question the way particles were counted. He argued that one photon of
light is not distinguishable from another of the same color and came up with his own
derivation, rather than relying on classical electrodynamics. Bose recorded his findings in
a paper titled “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta” and sent it to The
Philosophical Magazine, but it was rejected. However, he did not let this discourage him
and instead sent his research to Einstein, who recognized its importance and had it
published.
This publication marked a turning point in Bose’s life and career. He was granted study
leave from his university for two years and allowed to visit Europe, where he met other
renowned scientists such as Paul Langevin and Madame Curie. He also joined the
laboratory of Maurice de Broglie and learned techniques of X-ray spectroscopy and
crystallography.
Return to India and Later Life
After his time in Europe, Bose returned to India and was appointed Professor of Physics
and later Head of Department at Dhaka University in 1927. There, he devoted himself to
teaching and research, designing equipment for an X-ray crystallography laboratory and
publishing papers on various subjects. In 1945, he left Dhaka to return to the University of
Calcutta as the Khaira Professor of Physics. He retired from the University of Calcutta in
1956 and spent a year as the Vice Chancellor at Viswa-Bharati University.
In 1954, the Indian government awarded Bose the Padma Vibhushan, one of the highest
civilian honors in the country. He was appointed National Professor in 1959 and was
elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1960. Bose passed away in 1974, but his
contributions to the field of quantum mechanics continue to be recognized and
celebrated. Today, any particle
JOIN that follows the
@thehindu444 or Bose-Einstein
Thenewsmasterstatistics is known as a
boson, in honor of Bose’s legacy.
International Year of Millets (IYM) 2023
The Government of India has sponsored the proposal for the International Year of Millets
(IYM) 2023, which has been accepted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
This has given the Indian Government the opportunity to celebrate the IYM and position
India as the global hub for millets. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also shared his
vision for the IYM to become a “People’s Movement”.
What are Millets?
Millets are small-seeded grasses that are often referred to as “Nutri-cereals”. Some
common types of millets include sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), finger millet (ragi),
little millet (kutki), foxtail millet (kakun), proso millet (cheena), barnyard millet (sawa), and
kodo millet (kodon). These grains are a staple cereal crop for millions of smallholder
dryland farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and offer a variety of benefits such as
nutrition, income, and livelihood for farmers. They can also be used for food, feed, fodder,
biofuels, and brewing.
Significance and Benefits of Millets
Millets are nutritionally superior to wheat and rice due to their higher protein levels and a
more balanced amino acid profile. They also contain various phytochemicals which have
therapeutic properties due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In
addition to being climate resilient, millet grains are rich in nutrients like carbohydrates,
protein, dietary fiber, and good-quality fat; minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium,
iron, manganese, zinc, and B complex vitamins. Importantly, millet production does not
depend on the use of chemical fertilizers, making it a sustainable and environmentally
friendly option.
India’s Prioritization of Millets
In April 2018, millets were rebranded as “Nutri Cereals” in India, and the year 2018
was declared as the National Year of Millets with the goal of increasing promotion
and demand for these grains. The global millets market is expected to have a CAGR
of 4.5% between 2021 and 2026.
The Indian Government has recognized the significant potential of millets and has
prioritized them, aligning with several UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In
December 2022, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
hosted the opening ceremony for the International Year of Millets – 2023 in Rome,
Italy, which was attended by a delegation of senior government officials from India.
In the lead-up to the year-long celebration of the IYM, the Department of Agriculture
and Farmers Welfare in India hosted a special “Millet Luncheon” for Members of
Parliament at the Parliament house.
Activities for the International Year of Millets
Several Indian ministries and states have planned activities for the IYM in January 2023.
The Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs has planned 15 activities over 15 days, including
engaging sports JOIN
persons,@thehindu444
nutritionists, and or
fitness experts through video messages,
Thenewsmaster
conducting webinars on millets with leading nutritionists and dieticians, and promoting
millets through the Fit India App.
The Ministry of Food Processing Industries will be organizing Millet Fair-cum-exhibitions in
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh, and the Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI) will hold Eat Right Melas in Punjab, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
India's Unemployment Rate Reaches Highest Level in 16 Months
According to data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), India’s
unemployment rate reached 8.30% in December, the highest level in 16 months. This
marks an increase from the 8.00% recorded in November. The urban unemployment rate
also saw a rise, going from 8.96% in November to 10.09% in December. However, the rural
unemployment rate saw a slight decrease, going from 7.55% in November to 7.44% in
December.
Haryana recorded the highest unemployment rate at 37.4%, while Odisha had the lowest
at 0.9%. In addition to Haryana, seven other states saw double-digit unemployment rates,
including the national capital.
Top 5 States with Highest Unemployment Rates in December:
Haryana: 37.4%
Rajasthan: 28.5%
Delhi: 20.8%
Bihar: 19.1%
Jharkhand: 18%
Top 5 States with Lowest Unemployment Rates in December:
Odisha: 0.9%
Gujarat: 2.3%
Karnataka: 2.5%
Meghalaya: 2.7%
Maharashtra: 3.1%
Despite the increase in unemployment, Mahesh Vyas, Managing Director of CMIE, noted
that the rise in the unemployment rate was “not as bad as it may seem,” as it came
alongside a significant increase in the labor participation rate, which reached 40.48% in
December, the highest in 12 months. Vyas also pointed out that the employment rate had
increased to 37.1% in December, the highest since January 2022.
According to data from the National Statistical Office (NSO), the unemployment rate had
actually declined to 7.2% in the July-September quarter, compared to 7.6% in the same
period the previous year.
While the unemployment rate in India reached a 16-month high in December, there are
still some positive indicators in the labor market. The increase in the labor participation
rate and the employment rate suggest that more people are actively seeking and finding
work. It will be important to continue monitoring these trends in the coming months to
see if the unemployment rate begins to improve.
JOIN @thehindu444 orto Thenewsmaster
Croatia's switch Euro
Croatia has taken two major steps towards further integration with the European Union
(EU) by adopting the euro and joining the Schengen zone. The country officially became
the 20th member of the eurozone on January 1st, and the removal of land border controls
with neighboring Slovenia and Hungary marks its inclusion in the Schengen zone.
The Adoption of the Euro
Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković hailed the adoption of the euro as a “historic
moment” that would better protect Croatian citizens from financial crises. The euro was
already widely used in the country, with about 80% of bank deposits denominated in the
currency and many shops and restaurants in tourist areas accepting payment in euros.
The adoption of the euro is expected to improve borrowing conditions in Croatia and
shield its economy at a time when inflation is soaring worldwide. In November, Croatia’s
inflation rate was 13.5%, higher than the 10% in the eurozone.
Joining the Schengen Zone
The inclusion of Croatia in the Schengen zone, which allows for passport-free travel
between 26 European countries, is expected to boost tourism in the country. The tourism
industry accounts for 20% of Croatia’s GDP, and the end of land border controls with
Slovenia and Hungary is expected to make it easier for tourists to visit the country’s
popular Adriatic coastline.
A Symbol of Croatia’s Journey
Croatian politicians have described the adoption of the euro and the removal of borders
with neighbouring countries as symbolic steps that mark the end of the country’s post-
independence journey. Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 and
fought a war to cement its existence as an independent state, in which 20,000 were killed
and hundreds of thousands were displaced. The country joined the EU in 2013, making it
the most recent member.
Reactions to the Changes
The general mood in Croatia has been celebratory about the changes, with some
people even traveling to border crossings to witness the end of passport checks in
real-time. “I spent years of my life waiting at border checkpoints, so I came here
tonight to witness this moment, the moment after which I will wait no more,” said
72-year-old professional driver Stipica Mandić at the Bergana crossing with Slovenia.
However, some Croatians have expressed fears that the switch to the euro could
lead to price increases. Experts have pointed out that inflation in recent months has
tended to be higher in EU countries, such as Poland and Hungary, which are outside
the eurozone.
The adoption of the euro and inclusion in the Schengen zone represent significant steps
for Croatia as it further integrates with the EU. The changes are expected to benefit the
country’s economy and tourism industry, and are seen as a symbol of the end of Croatia’s
post-independence journey.
India-Austria Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement
As part of its efforts to facilitate
JOIN the mobility ofor
@thehindu444 students, academics, and researchers, and
Thenewsmaster
promote migration for professional and economic reasons, India is set to sign a
Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement (MMPA) with Austria
during External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit to Vienna. This follows similar
agreements signed with other European countries such as France, the United Kingdom,
Germany, and Finland.
About the MMPA
The main objective of the MMPA is to provide for the equal treatment of nationals of both
Parties in similar situations, while also ensuring that the provisions of the Agreement do
not prejudice the application of national laws on the stay of foreigners on all points not
dealt with in the Agreement.
Significance of the Agreement
One of the key benefits of the MMPA is that it will help to curb illegal migration between
India and Austria. Both countries are keen to finalize the Agreement as a stepping stone
towards resolving issues related to the long-pending India-European Union (EU) Free
Trade Agreement and facilitating the movement of Indian professionals working in
European countries. In addition, the European countries see the Agreement as a way to
curb illegal immigration from India.
In light of the sharp increase in illegal migration that Austria faced last year, including
over 15,000 illegal migrants from India with practically no chance of asylum, the
Agreement is seen as a useful tool to combat illegal migration together, as it enables the
swift return of illegal migrants.

Skill Development and Exchange Programs
Another significant aspect of the MMPA is that it will regulate multiple entry visas for
professionals and student exchange programs. These programs will be reviewed regularly
by a Joint Working Group (JWG) to ensure that they are meeting their objectives and
delivering the desired outcomes.
India-Germany Mobility Agreement
India and Germany have also recently signed a Mobility and Migration partnership
agreement to foster the exchange of skills and talents between the two countries. This
Agreement aims to provide opportunities for Indian professionals and students to work
and study in Germany, and for German professionals and students to do the same in
India.
The Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership Agreement between India and
Austria, along with similar agreements signed with other European countries, represents a
significant step forward in promoting mobility and migration for professional and
economic reasons. The Agreement will help to curb illegal migration and provide
opportunities for skill development and exchange programs. It will also facilitate the
movement of professionals and students between the two countries, fostering the
exchange of skills and talents.
January 3, 2023
Electronic
JOIN Supreme Court Reports
@thehindu444 (e-SCR) project
or Thenewsmaster
The Chief Justice of India (CJI), D Y Chandrachudh, has announced the launch of the
electronic Supreme Court Reports (e-SCR) project, which aims to provide free access to
around 34,000 judgments of the apex court to lawyers, law students, and the general
public. These judgments will be available on the Supreme Court’s website, mobile app,
and on the National Judicial Data Grid’s judgment portal. The e-SCR project is part of the
Indian judiciary’s efforts towards digitization and aims to bring positive change for all
stakeholders in the justice system, including litigants, members of the Bar, and judicial
academies.
Digital Repository of Judgments
To create the digital repository of judgments, the Judges’ Library and Editorial Section
worked tirelessly to digitize and scan the Supreme Court Reports (SCR) from 1950 to 2017
and preserve them in digital form as PDFs. This process assisted the Registry in creating a
digital repository of the reported judgments in soft form.
Search Engine and Its Features
The Supreme Court has developed a search engine with the help of the National
Informatics Centre (NIC), which uses elastic search techniques in the database of e-SCR.
The search facility in e-SCR provides several options, including free text search, search
within search, case type and case year search, judge search, year and volume search, and
bench strength search.
Neutral Citations to be Introduced
In addition to the e-SCR project, the CJI also announced that neutral citations will be
introduced in the Supreme Court. Neutral citations are standardized legal citations that do
not identify the publisher of a legal document, allowing for impartial and objective
referencing. Delhi and Kerala High Courts already use neutral citations. A committee
comprising three judges has been constituted to work on the process of introducing
neutral citations in the Supreme Court.
Benefits for Stakeholders in Justice System
The e-SCR project and the introduction of neutral citations are expected to bring several
benefits to stakeholders in the justice system. Lawyers, law students, and the general
public will have easy access to the judgments of the apex court, which will help them in
their research and understanding of legal matters. The digital repository of judgments will
also make it easier for legal professionals to search for and access relevant judgments,
saving time and effort.

Availability of Judgments Online
With the launch of the e-SCR project, all judgments of the Supreme Court will be made
available online within 24 hours. These judgments will be accessible on the Supreme
Court’s mobile app and on the National Judicial Data Grid’s judgment portal.
Deadline for Head-Noted Judgments of 2022
The CJI has set a deadline of February 15th for the head-noted judgments of 2022 to be
made available online. Head-noted judgments are those that have been selected for
publication in the official law report, the Supreme Court Reports. By making these
judgments available online, the Supreme Court aims to provide greater transparency and
accessibility to its work and decisions.
The launch of the e-SCR project and the introduction of neutral citations in the Supreme
Court mark significant steps towards the digitalization of the Indian judiciary. These
initiatives will provide easy access to the judgments of the apex court and facilitate
research and understanding of legal matters. The digital repository of judgments will also
make it easier for legal professionals to search and access relevant judgments, saving
time and effort. The deadline for head-noted judgments of 2022 to be made available
online will provide greater transparency and accessibility to the Supreme Court’s work
and decisions. Overall, these initiatives are expected to bring positive change for all
stakeholders in the justice
'Didir Suraksha Kawach' and 'Didir Doot' Initiatives in West Bengal
Trinamool Congress (TMC) Chief and West Bengal Chief Minister, Mamata Banerjee, has
launched two initiatives ahead of the panchayat elections this year – ‘Didir Suraksha
Kawach’ and ‘Didir Doot’. The programme, ‘Didir Suraksha Kawach’, will see 3.5 lakh party
leaders reach every block and cover 2 crore families in 60 days, with workers staying in
villages to understand the problems faced by locals and promoting the TMC government’s
flagship programmes. An app, ‘Didir Doot’, has also been developed for people to register
their problems. This initiative follows Banerjee’s ‘Didi ke Balo’ programme in 2019, which
aimed to reach out to common people and was successful.

The programme will be launched on January 11 and will focus on 15 state government
schemes, covering various sectors such as food, housing, health, education, social
security, income and employment.
About the initiatives
‘Didir Suraksha Kawach’
The programme, ‘Didir Suraksha Kawach’ or ‘Didi’s Protective Shield’, aims to be a welfare
umbrella for the people of West Bengal. It will see nearly 3.5 lakh party workers visit
around two crore households (covering the state’s 10 crore population) over the next two
months, completing the exercise just before the panchayat polls come around.
The party plans to train its workers for this campaign, with leaders going to local booth
areas. Booth workers will then reach out to houses, encouraging them to download ‘Didir
Doot’ to register their problems. The activity will be carried out across 3,343 Gram
Panchayats, with each house given a letter signed by Mamata Banerjee.

‘Didir Doot’ App
The TMC has also developed an app, ‘Didir Doot’, which can be downloaded by anyone to
register their problems. The app will be used in conjunction with the ‘Didir Suraksha
Kawach’ programme, with booth workers encouraging people to download it and register
their issues.
Focus on State Government Schemes
The ‘Didir Suraksha Kawach’ programme will focus on 15 state government schemes,
including:
Khadya Sathi
Banglar Awas Yojana
Nijo Griha Nijo Bhumi
Swasthya Sathi
Kanyashree
Sikshashree
Aikyashree
Student Credit Card
Lakshmir Bhandar
Krishak Bandhu
Samajik Suraksha Yojana
Manabik Pension
Jai Bangla Pension Scheme
Bidhaba Bhata
Yuvashree
These schemes cover all sectors such as food, housing, health, education, social security,
income and employment, which touch a person’s life.
Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) - Update (January, 2023)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has named the top three lenders in India – State Bank of
India (SBI), ICICI Bank, and HDFC Bank – as Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-
SIBs), or banks that are too big to fail. In other words, these banks are interconnected
entities whose failure could potentially impact the entire financial system and cause
instability. As a result, they are subject to closer supervision and regulation by the RBI.
What is a D-SIB?
A D-SIB is a bank that is considered to be so important to the financial system that its
failure could cause significant disruption. As a result, these banks are required to maintain
higher capital buffers to protect against potential losses and ensure their stability. In
India, the RBI has established a framework for dealing with D-SIBs, which requires the
central bank to disclose the names of designated banks starting from 2015 and place
them in appropriate buckets based on their systemic importance.
How are D-SIBs regulated?
In addition to the usual capital conservation buffer, D-SIBs in India are required to
maintain additional Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital. According to the RBI’s latest
press release, SBI must maintain an additional 0.60% CET1 as a percentage of its risk-
weighted assets, while ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank must maintain an additional 0.20%
each.
Foreign banks with a branch presence in India that are designated as Global Systemically
Important Banks (G-SIBs) must also maintain additional CET1 capital surcharges in India
as required by the rules for G-SIBs.
Why were only three banks
JOINdesignated as D-SIBs?
The RBI announced SBI and ICICI Bank as D-SIBs in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Based on data from banks as of March 31, 2017, HDFC Bank was also classified as a
D-SIB, along with SBI and ICICI Bank. The current update is based on data from
banks as of March 31, 2022.
In 2015, global rating agency Moody’s questioned the RBI’s decision to initially
designate only two banks as D-SIBs, stating that the central bank’s approach was
“less stringent” than in other jurisdictions and was therefore credit negative.
The RBI’s designation of SBI, ICICI Bank, and HDFC Bank as D-SIBs highlights the
importance of these banks to the financial system in India. As a result, they are
subject to additional regulatory requirements and closer supervision to ensure their
stability and protect against potential losses.
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award
The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award (PBSA) is the highest honor conferred on overseas
Indians during the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention, which will be held from January 8
to 10 in Indore this year. The award is presented by the President of India as part of the
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention to Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian
Origin (PIOs), or organizations established and run by NRIs or PIOs in recognition of their
outstanding achievements both in India and abroad. A jury-cum-awards committee, with
the Vice President as the chairman and the External Affairs Minister as the vice-chair,
considered the nominations and unanimously selected the awardees.
Notable Recipients
Guyana’s President Mohamed Irfaan Ali: Ali, who was sworn in as the ninth President
of Guyana in August 2020, belongs to an Indo-Guyanese Muslim family. He will also
be the chief guest at the convention.
US-based businessman Darshan Singh Dhaliwal: Dhaliwal, a US-based Non-Resident
Indian, was sent back from Delhi’s IGI Airport on the night of October 23-24, 2021,
over his alleged involvement in organizing a langar (community meal) for protesting
farmers at Delhi borders against the three farm laws, which have since been
withdrawn. Dhaliwal is the younger brother of Surjit Singh Rakhra, who was a
minister in the previous Akali Dal government in Punjab.
DSB Group CEO Piyush Gupta: Gupta is the CEO of DSB Group, a leading business
group in India.
Poland-based businessman Amit Kailash Chandra Lath: Lath assisted Indian
authorities during the evacuation of students during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

FedEx Corporation CEO Rajesh Subramaniam: Subramaniam is the CEO of FedEx
Corporation, a global courier delivery services company.
Indian-Australian economist Chennupati Jagadish: Jagadish is a renowned economist
with a focus on technology and innovation.
Kannam Ambalam, associate professor in Ethiopia-based Wolega University:
Ambalam is credited with building water springs and small bridges in Ethiopia.
Reena VinodJOIN
Pushkarna, an Israel-based or
@thehindu444 chef:Thenewsmaster
Pushkarna was part of the team that
prepared dishes for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his visit to Israel in
2017.
Importance of the PBSA
The PBSA recognizes the contributions and achievements of NRIs and PIOs to their
respective fields, as well as their efforts in maintaining a strong connection with their
homeland. It is an important event for the Indian diaspora, as it provides a platform for
NRIs and PIOs to connect with their roots and contribute to the development of India.
The PBSA also serves as a way for the government of India to engage with the Indian
diaspora and strengthen its ties with NRIs and PIOs. The chief guest at this year’s
convention, President Mohamed Irfaan Ali, is a testament to the importance of the PBSA
and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of their home country.
Assam Achieves Zero Poaching of Endangered Rhinos
For the first time in nearly 45 years, Assam recorded zero poaching of endangered rhinos
in 2022. These animals, known for their valuable horns, were poached 191 times in Assam
between 2000 and 2021. The highest number of incidents occurred in 2013 and 2014, with
27 rhino deaths each reported. In 2020 and 2021, two rhinos were killed each year. The last
time no poaching was reported in Assam was in 1977.
Coordinated Efforts by State Departments
Officials attribute the success in reducing rhino poaching to the sincere, concerted, and
coordinated efforts of the state’s forest and police departments. Upon taking office in May
2021, the special director general of police (law and order), G P Singh, made it a priority to
implement zero tolerance towards rhino poaching. In June 2021, a special task force was
created with Singh as its head and 22 senior police and forest department officials,
including chief wildlife warden MK Yadava.
Previously, the forest and police departments worked independently to address wildlife
crimes such as poaching. The task force was established to coordinate the fight against
poachers. Yadava reported that the coordinated efforts have been effective, stating, “We
have intelligence both from forest and police sources about activities and movements of
poachers, which helps in action against them.”
Database and Use of Technology
The task force compiled a database of past incidents of rhino poaching, including details
of when, how, and where they occurred. Information was also collected on the entry and
exit points used by poachers to access Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, and Pobitora, as well as
the identities of all criminals associated with rhino poaching. The task force used this
information to take tough action against poachers, including the deployment of armed
commandos and the use of technology, such as drones and dog squads, to track
poachers’ movements.
Assam’s One-Horned Rhino Population
Assam is home to nearly 2,900 one-horned rhinos, making it the largest habitat for this
vulnerable species. According to the State of the Rhinos Report 2022, the total population
of one-horned rhinos,
JOIN found only in India, Nepal,
@thehindu444 or and Bhutan, is 4,012. Poaching has long
Thenewsmaster
been a concern in Assam’s national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, with poachers linked to
international wildlife parts smuggling gangs responsible for 191 rhino deaths since 2000.
In 2014 and 2015, the highest number of poaching incidents occurred, with 17 each year.
The number of rhinos killed decreased in subsequent years, with 18 in 2016 and only one
in 2021.
Government Commitment to Zero Poaching
The BJP-led government, which was reelected in May 2021, made a commitment to
achieving zero poaching. This issue was also raised in the election manifestos of the
Congress party and other political parties. In June 2021, the state government established
a 22-member task force headed by GP Singh and deployed armed commandos to
vigilantly and strictly combat poachers. The task force included senior forest officers and
SPs from 11 districts and six wildlife divisions, as well as armed commandos from the
police and state forest personnel. These resources were deployed in the core areas of
rhino habitats, including Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, and Pobitora. The use of drones and
dog squads helped to track poachers and bring them to justice.
New Technology to filter micro-plastics from Water
Scientists from South Korea have developed a new water purification system that can
effectively remove microplastics from water in just 10 seconds. The system uses a polymer
that is relatively inexpensive and has excellent adsorption performance and good
photothermal properties. The breakthrough technology requires lower levels of energy,
making it suitable for solar-based use, particularly in developing countries where power
supply is unreliable.
The Problem of Microplastics in Water
Microplastics, tiny plastic particles that are less than 5mm in size, have become a global
problem. They have been found in water bodies, soil, and air, and have even made their
way into the human food chain. The presence of microplastics in water can have negative
impacts on aquatic life and potentially on human health.
Limitations of Traditional Carbon-Based Filters
While some traditional carbon-based filters can filter out microplastics, they have
limitations. The adsorption rate is slow, and they are not energy-efficient. These
limitations make it difficult to use these filters on a large scale to purify water affected by
microplastics.
Benefits of the New System
The new water purification system has several benefits over traditional carbon-based
filters. In addition to being more efficient at removing microplastics, the system also
requires lower levels of energy and is relatively inexpensive.
These benefits make it an ideal solution for purifying water in a variety of settings,
including developing countries where access to clean water is a critical issue.
The new water purification system developed by scientists in South Korea offers an
effective and efficient solution to the problem of microplastics in water. The system uses a
polymer that is able to quickly
JOIN and effectively or
@thehindu444 filterThenewsmaster
out these contaminants and requires
lower levels of energy, making it ideal for use with solar power. With its many benefits,
this system has the potential to make a significant impact on the availability of clean water
in a variety of settings.
Second Phase of the Sari Festival "VIRAASAT" Begins
The second phase of the Sari Festival “VIRAASAT” will be held from January 3 to 17, 2023,
at Handloom Haat, Janpath, New Delhi. Organized by the Ministry of Textiles, the event will
take place from 11 AM to 8 PM and aims to raise awareness about India’s traditional
handmade saris.
Phase Two Features Enhanced Attractions
The second phase of VIRAASAT will feature 90 participants from across the country and
include famous handcrafted varieties of saris, such as Tie and Dye, Chikan embroidered
Saris, Hand Block Saris, Kalamkari printed Saris, Ajrakh, Kantha, and Phulkari. These will be
in addition to the exclusive handloom saris of Jamdani, Ikat, Pochampally, Banaras
Brocade, Tussar Silk (Champa), Baluchari, Bhagalpuri Sik, Tangail, Chanderi, Lalitpuri,
Patola, and Paithani. Also available will be handloom saris such as Tanchoi, Jangla, Kota
Doria, Cutwork, Maheshwari, Bhujodi, Santipuri, Bomkai, and others, including Garad
Korial, Khandua, and Arni Silk Saris.
First Phase of VIRAASAT
The first phase of VIRAASAT took place from December 16 to 30, 2022, and was
inaugurated by the Honorable Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, along with the
Honorable Minister of State Darshana Jardosh and other women parliamentarians. During
this phase, 70 participants took part in the event, which featured a wide publicity program
through print media, posters, invitation cards, social media, cultural programs, and
designers’ workshops. The event was a big hit and brought much-needed attention to the
sector, resulting in increased sales of handloom goods for weavers.
Social Media Campaign
To support handloom weavers, a social media campaign has been launched under the
hashtag #MySariMyPride. Coinciding with the 75th anniversary of Independence, “Azadi
ka Amrit Mahotsav,” there will be an exhibition-cum-sale of handloom saris by 75
handloom weavers.
Activities for Visitors
The festival will feature a range of activities for visitors, including a curated display of
handloom saris, direct retail of saris by weavers, live loom demonstrations, workshops and
talks on saris and sustainability, and famous folk dances of Indian culture. The event aims
to bring renewed focus to the age-old tradition of sari weaving and improve earnings for
the handloom community.
Importance of the Handloom Sector
The handloom sector is an integral part of India’s rich cultural heritage and a key provider
of employment, particularly for women. The VIRAASAT festival celebrates both the
tradition and potential of the handloom sector. By raising awareness about handmade
saris and the hardworking weavers who produce
JOIN @thehindu444 them, the event aims to improve the
or Thenewsmaster
earnings of the handloom community and keep this important tradition alive.
J&K Legal Aid Defence Counsel System
Recently, Acting Chief Justice of the Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court, Justice
Tashi Rabstan, launched the Legal Aid Defence Counsel System (LADCS) in ten districts of
the Union Territory.
Expansion of the System
The system, which aims to provide quality legal services in criminal matters to eligible
poor persons, will be extended to the remaining ten districts in the coming months.
Strengthening Court-Based Legal Services
During the inaugural address, Justice Rabstan congratulated the selected Legal Aid
Defense Counselors and encouraged them to work towards making the system a success.
He emphasized the need to strengthen court-based legal services for marginalized
sections of society and highlighted the various steps being taken to achieve this, including
capacity building for lawyers and the upgrading of front offices.
Comparison to Other Legal Aid Delivery Systems
During the launch of the LADCS, M K Sharma, Member Secretary of the J&K Legal Services
Authority (LSA), provided an overview of the scheme and explained how the LADCS is
superior to other legal aid delivery systems. In India, the Assigned Counsel System is used
to deliver legal aid, with cases being assigned to salaried panel lawyers by legal services
institutions. The LADCS, on the other hand, will deal exclusively with legal aid work in
criminal matters and will create institutional capacity to effectively provide legal aid to
those in need within the criminal justice system.
The launch of the Legal Aid Defense Counsel System in Jammu and Kashmir is a significant
step towards providing quality legal services to marginalized sections of society. The
system, which will be implemented on a pilot basis in sessions courts, has the potential to
be extended to other courts throughout the country if successful. The LADCS will operate
exclusively in criminal matters and will provide institutional capacity to effectively provide
legal aid to those in need within the criminal justice system.
RBI's Systemic Risk Survey (SRS)
The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) latest Systemic Risk Survey (SRS) has shown that global
spillovers, financial market and general risks have increased, while macroeconomic risks
have moderated. The survey, which was conducted in November 2022 and solicited the
perceptions of experts including market participants and academicians on major risks
faced by the Indian financial system, found that respondents’ confidence in the stability of
the Indian financial system had further improved, with 93.6% of them remaining fairly or
highly confident.
Global Risks Increase
The major contributors to the rise in global, financial market and general risks were
identified as monetary tightening in advanced economies, tightening of financial
conditions, geopolitical risks, global growth uncertainty and growing risks from private
cryptocurrencies and
JOINclimate change. Confidence
@thehindu444 in the stability of the global financial
or Thenewsmaster
system slightly declined over the last six months, according to the survey.
Macroeconomic Risks Moderate
Despite the global headwinds posing risks to domestic macro-financial conditions, the
impact of external sector developments remained moderate, with 53.2% of respondents
perceiving it as having medium impact. More than three-quarters of respondents also
perceived that the aggressive monetary policy tightening by advanced economies would
adversely impact the exchange rate, capital flows, foreign exchange reserves and bond
yields. However, less than 40% of respondents viewed that banks’ profitability and
external debt would be adversely impacted.
Institutional Risks Remain Unchanged
There was no change perceived in institutional risks. The majority of respondents saw
further improvement in credit prospects for the Indian economy and remained confident
about the stability of the Indian banking sector. Nearly 90% of respondents assessed that
the prospects of the Indian banking sector are likely to improve or remain unchanged
over a one-year horizon, with more than half of respondents assessing that the prospects
have improved.
Confidence in Indian Financial System Improves
Confidence in the stability of the Indian financial system further improved, with 93.6% of
respondents remaining fairly or highly confident. However, 52.1% of respondents
expected that the Indian economy will be impacted somewhat/to a limited extent from
global spillovers.
Overall, the 23rd round of the RBI’s Systemic Risk Survey has shown that while global,
financial market and general risks have increased, macroeconomic risks have moderated.
Respondents’ confidence in the stability of the Indian financial system has also improved,
with the majority seeing further improvement in credit prospects for the Indian economy
and remaining confident about the stability of the Indian banking sector.
Indian Science Congress (ISC)
In his address at the 108th Indian Science Congress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
highlighted the significant progress India has made in the field of science and innovation.
He stated that India is now ranked 40th on the Global Innovation Index, up from 81st in
2015, and is among the top three countries in terms of startups and PhD research works.
The theme of this year’s Science Congress is “Science Technology for Sustainable
Development with Women Empowerment,” and PM Modi emphasized the importance of
women’s involvement in scientific research.

PM Modi also emphasized the role of science in making India self-reliant, or Atmanirbhar.
He stated that the efforts of science can only bear fruit when they are applied in the real
world, and called for the further improvement of India’s millets through the use of
science, with 2023 being declared the International Year of Millets.
Data Analysis and Technology in India
In the 21st century, PM Modi noted that India has an abundance of data and technology,
which can be utilized
JOIN to take the country’s science
@thehindu444 to new heights. He highlighted the
or Thenewsmaster
importance of data analysis in converting information into insight and analysis into
actionable knowledge.
G20 Presidency and Women’s Empowerment
India recently took on the responsibility of G20 presidency, and PM Modi stated that
women’s empowerment is a major priority among the major topics of G-20. He also
emphasized that the increasing participation of women in science is a reflection of the
progress of society and science, and that the goal is to empower science through the
participation of women.
Importance of Science in India’s Development
PM Modi asserted that the development of science in India should be motivated by the
needs of the country. He stated that the role of India’s scientific power will be crucial in
determining the heights the country will reach in the next 25 years. He also emphasized
that science should be focused on making India self-reliant, and called for the efforts of
science to be applied in the real world.
Data Analysis and Technology as Drivers of Scientific Progress
PM Modi pointed to the abundance of data and technology in 21st century India as key
drivers of scientific progress. He emphasized the role of data analysis in converting
information into insight and turning analysis into actionable knowledge.
Hydrogen for Heritage: Indian Railways Introducing Hydrogen Power Trains on Heritage Lines
At the start of the New Year 2023, Indian Railways has set a goal to modernize its heritage
lines with the latest technology. To achieve this, the Ministry of Railways has announced a
plan to introduce hydrogen power trains on its heritage lines in the second half of the
year. This plan, called “Hydrogen for Heritage,” aims to not only update the appearance
and operating system of trains, but also promote the use of green energy in public
transportation.
Overview of the Plan
The hydrogen-powered trains will be implemented on both narrow gauge and meter
gauge lines. Eight heritage roots have been identified for the introduction of these trains:
the Matheran Hill Railway of Central Railway (length: 19.97 kilometers), the Darjeeling
Himalayan Railway of North Frontier Railway (length: 88.6 kilometers), the Kalka Shimla
Railway (length: 96.5 kilometers), the Kangra Valley Railway of Northern Railway (length:
164 kilometers), the Bilmora Waghai Root of Western Railway (length: 62.7 kilometers), the
Mhow Patalpani Root of Western Railway (length: 58 kilometers), the Nilgiri Mountain
Root of Southern Railway (length: 46 kilometers), and the Marwar Devgarh Madriya Root
of North Western Railway (length: 52 kilometers).
Benefits of Hydrogen-Powered Trains
The implementation of hydrogen-powered trains on these heritage roots is expected to
bring a number of benefits. Firstly, it will reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and promote
the use of green energy in public transportation. Secondly, the trains will be more efficient
and require less maintenance compared to their fossil fuel counterparts. Finally, the
introduction of these
JOIN trains is expected toor
@thehindu444 lead to a better travel experience for
Thenewsmaster
passengers, as they will be equipped with vistadome coaches for a more comfortable and
immersive journey.
Details of the Implementation
To operate the hydrogen-powered trains on these heritage roots, a number of technical
changes are being made. A propulsion unit will be installed in every coach to ensure
smooth operation. In addition, vistadome coaches will be added to each train to enhance
the travel experience for passengers. It is hoped that these hydrogen trains will eventually
replace the trains designed in the 1950s and 60s currently in use in the country.
January 4, 2023
Manipur Gaan Ngai festival
The Gaan Ngai festival is a major event in the state of Manipur, celebrated by the
Zeliarong community every year after the harvest season. On January 4, 2023, the
community will come together to show their gratitude for a good harvest, pray for a
prosperous year ahead, and mark the beginning of the new year with the production of
new fire. The festival is a celebration of culture, music, dance, and spiritual rituals that
brings the community together in unity and joy.
Zeliarong Community in Manipur
Manipur is home to numerous indigenous tribes, each with their own unique culture,
lifestyle, and religious beliefs. The Zeliarong community, made up of the Rongmei,
Liangmei, and Zeme tribes, is one of the most prominent tribal communities in the state.
The Gaan Ngai festival, also known as the Chakan Gaan-Ngai or festival of winter, is an
important occasion for the Zeliarong people, as it allows them to come together and
celebrate their heritage.
Celebration Dates and Month
The Gaan Ngai festival is celebrated for a full five days, usually in the month of December
or January. The exact date of the festival varies from year to year, but it is always a much-
anticipated event for the Zeliarong community.
Highlights of the Festival
The Gaan Ngai festival is a time for the Zeliarong people to pay homage to their
ancestors and honor the gods and deities.
On the first day of the festival, sacred rituals are performed, including the creation of
sacred fire and the offering of prayers and flowers at the graves of the ancestors.
The next four days are filled with music, dance, and a communal feast, as the men
and women of the community don their traditional attire and perform to the
melodies of traditional musical instruments.
In recent years, sports activities such as long jump and shot put have also been
included in the celebrations. The Gaan Ngai festival is a time for the Zeliarong
community to come together in unity, peace, and love, and to celebrate their culture
and way of life.
Significance of the Gaan Ngai Festival
The Gaan Ngai festival
JOIN is more than just aor
@thehindu444 celebration of music and dance. It is a time
Thenewsmaster
for the Zeliarong people to express their gratitude for the blessings they have
received and to pray for a prosperous future. It is also an opportunity for the
community to come together and strengthen their bonds of unity and solidarity.
The production of new fire on the first day of the festival is an important ritual that
symbolizes the start of a new year. The fire is produced by rubbing dry wood and
split bamboo pieces together, and it is distributed to every household in the
community. The new fire represents the cleansing of the old year and the beginning
of a new, fresh start.
The Gaan Ngai festival is a rich and vibrant celebration of culture and tradition that is
deeply meaningful for the Zeliarong people. It is a time for the community to come
together and celebrate their way of life, and to honor the gods and their ancestors. It is a
celebration of unity, peace, and prosperity, and a time to look forward to a bright and
hopeful future.
Arunachal Pradesh Siyom bridge
Defence minister Rajnath Singh recently inaugurated the Siyom bridge in Arunachal
Pradesh, along with 27 other infrastructure projects completed by the Border Roads
Organisation (BRO). These projects, costing a total of 724 crore rupees, will significantly
improve India’s border infrastructure, particularly along the Chinese border from Ladakh
to Arunachal Pradesh.
Siyom Bridge
Located on the Along-Yinkiong Road, the Siyom bridge will greatly enhance the speed of
troop deployment, as well as the transportation of heavy equipment and mechanized
vehicles to forward areas in the Upper Siang district, Tuting, and Yinkiong regions along
the Line of Actual Control (LAC). In addition to the Siyom bridge, 21 other bridges, three
roads, and three additional infrastructure projects in Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Punjab, and Rajasthan were also virtually
inaugurated by Rajnath Singh from the Siyom bridge site.
The BRO has also connected remote villages, such as Huri Village in Arunachal Pradesh, to
the mainland. This connectivity has triggered reverse migration in these areas, with
population increases being witnessed due to the availability of basic amenities such as
schooling facilities, primary health care centres, electric supply, and employment
opportunities, according to the Defence Minister.
Importance of Improved Border Infrastructure

The construction of the Siyom bridge and the other infrastructure projects
completed by the BRO will greatly benefit the Indian military’s ability to quickly and
efficiently deploy troops and equipment to the border regions. This is particularly
important in the context of India’s ongoing border tensions with China, as it allows
for a more rapid response to any potential threats or hostilities.
In addition to its military significance, the Siyom bridge and other infrastructure
projects willJOIN
also have significant economic
@thehindu444 and social benefits for the local
or Thenewsmaster
communities. The improved transportation links will facilitate trade and commerce,
as well as provide better access to essential services such as healthcare and
education.
Overall, the completion of the Siyom bridge and the other infrastructure projects
completed by the Border Roads Organization is a major milestone for India’s border
infrastructure. These projects will greatly enhance the military’s ability to respond to
potential threats, as well as provide economic and social benefits to local communities. It
is a testament to the commitment of the Indian government to strengthening the
country’s border infrastructure and ensuring the safety and security of its citizens.
India's First Green Hydrogen Blending Project
NTPC Limited and Gujarat Gas Limited (GGL) have commissioned India’s first green
hydrogen blending project in the piped natural gas (PNG) network of NTPC Kawas
township, Surat. The project, which aims to supply H2-NG (natural gas) to households in
the Kawas township, was made possible through the electrolysis of water using power
from a 1 MW floating solar project. The first molecule of green hydrogen from the project
was set in motion by P. Ram Prasad, head of the project Kawas, in the presence of other
senior executives of NTPC Kawas and GGL.
What is Green Hydrogen?
Green hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water, using electricity
generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind power. This process splits
water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, with the hydrogen being captured and
stored for use as a fuel. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
The main advantage of green hydrogen is that it is a clean, renewable fuel that can
be used to power a variety of applications, including transportation and electricity
generation. It also has the potential to play a significant role in the decarbonization
of the energy sector, as it can be used to replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
Benefits of Green Hydrogen Blending
The green hydrogen blending project in Surat is being carried out with the approval
of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB). The regulatory body
has given permission for a 5% vol./vol. blending of green hydrogen with PNG to start
with, with the blending level to be gradually increased to reach 20%.
The addition of green hydrogen to the natural gas network has a number of benefits.
First and foremost, it reduces CO2 emissions while maintaining the same net heating
content. This is an important step in the fight against climate change and will help
India reduce its hydrocarbon import bill while also bringing in foreign exchange
through the export of green hydrogen and green chemicals to the rest of the world.
In addition, the use of green hydrogen in the energy sector has the potential to
create new job opportunities and boost economic growth. It can also improve energy
security by reducing the country’s reliance on imported fossil fuels.
The commissioning of India’s
JOIN first green hydrogen
@thehindu444 blending project is a major milestone
or Thenewsmaster
that puts the country at the forefront of the global hydrogen economy. It is a testament to
the hard work and dedication of NTPC and GGL, who have been able to achieve this feat in
record time.
The project serves as a model for other countries to follow and demonstrates the potential
for green hydrogen to play a key role in the decarbonization of the energy sector. It is
hoped that this project will pave the way for the wider adoption of green hydrogen in
India and help the country transition to a more sustainable and cleaner energy future.
Exemption for PSUs from Minimum Public Float Rules
The Indian government has announced that public sector entities will be exempt from the
Minimum Public Shareholding (MPS) norm. The MPS norm mandates that listed
companies must have at least 25% of their shares held by the public. However, this
exemption will apply to public sector entities regardless of the government’s direct or
indirect holding in them. The exemption will be in effect for a “specified period” and will
remain valid even if there is a change in ownership or control after the exemption has
been granted.
The MPS norm has been in place since 2010 and is designed to ensure that listed
companies are held accountable to a diverse group of shareholders. The exemption will
apply to “any listed entity in which the Central Government or State Government or public
sector company, either individually or in any combination with others, hold directly or
indirectly, majority of the shares or voting rights or control of such listed entity.” The
exemption was announced in the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Amendment Rules,

2022, which were notified by the government on January 2nd.
IDBI Bank to Benefit from Exemption
One of the companies that will benefit from the exemption is IDBI Bank. The government
and Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) together hold a 94.71% stake in the bank, and they
are currently in the process of selling a 60.72% stake to a potential buyer. The deadline for
submitting preliminary bids for the bank was extended until January 7th.
Under the MPS norm, the successful bidder would have been required to make an open
offer to acquire an additional 5.28% of IDBI Bank’s shares from public shareholders.
However, with the exemption in place, the successful bidder will no longer be required to
do so.
Implications of Exemption
The exemption from the MPS norm will likely have significant implications for public sector
entities in India. It will allow these companies to retain a greater level of control over their
operations, as they will not be required to dilute their ownership by selling additional
shares to the public.
However, some critics have argued that the exemption may reduce accountability and
transparency at these companies. Without the MPS norm in place, there may be fewer
incentives for these companies to disclose information to the public and to engage with a
diverse group of shareholders.
Overall, the exemption from the MPS norm
JOIN @thehindu444 orforThenewsmaster
public sector entities in India is a
significant development that will likely have far-reaching consequences for these
companies and the broader Indian economy.
National Scout and Guide Jamboree
Rajasthan, a state in western India, is set to host the 18th National Scout and Guide
Jamboree after a 66-year gap. The event, which will take place at Rohat in the Pali district,
is expected to attract over 35,000 scouts and guides from all over the country. The
Jamboree, which will be a 7-day event, is sure to be a unique and memorable experience
for all those who attend.
President Droupadi Murmu Inaugurates the Event
President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate the Jamboree today, having arrived in Jaipur,
the capital of Rajasthan, yesterday for a two-day visit to the state. On the second day of
her visit, the President meditated at Gyansarovar of Brahmakumari Sansthan in Mount
Abu and also visited the Pandav Bhavan of Brahmakumari Sansthan. She is set to leave for
Pali, where the Jamboree is being held, from Abu Road’s Manpur airstrip in the afternoon.
The Jamboree Village
A smart jamboree village has been set up at Nimblee village, covering a 220 hectare area
and equipped with all the necessary facilities. Over 3,500 tents have been erected at the
venue to accommodate the large number of participants expected to attend. The village is
sure to be a hub of activity during the Jamboree, with a range of activities and attractions
on offer.
Activities and Attractions
The Jamboree will have a range of activities and attractions for participants to enjoy.
One of the main attractions will be the display of the Indian Airforce Surya Kiran
Aerobatics Team. This talented group of pilots will surely be a sight to behold as they
perform their impressive manoeuvres in the skies above the Jamboree.
In addition to the aerobatics display, there will also be a demonstration by the BSF
Camel Squad. These skilled riders and their trusty camels are sure to be a hit with
attendees, as they show off their skills and training.
A variety of competitions will also be organized during the Jamboree. These
competitions will provide a chance for scouts to showcase their skills and abilities,
and compete against their peers from all over the country.
The Jamboree will also provide a platform for young scouts to share their customs,
food habits, handicrafts, and religious practices with each other. This cultural
exchange is sure to be a highlight of the event, as scouts learn about and appreciate
the diversity of their fellow participants.
The 18th National Scout and Guide Jamboree is set to be a 7-day mega-event that is sure
to be a unique and memorable experience for all those who attend. With a range of
activities and attractions on offer, as well as the opportunity to learn about and appreciate
the customs and traditions of fellow scouts and guides, the Jamboree is sure to be a
highlight of the year for many.
New Members
JOIN Join United Nations
@thehindu444 Security Council
or Thenewsmaster
On January 3, Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, and Switzerland officially began their
two-year term as non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The
flag installation ceremony, initiated by Kazakhstan in 2018, marked the start of their
responsibilities and was presided over by Kazakhstan’s permanent representative, Akan
Rakhmetullin. Rakhmetullin expressed confidence that the new council members would
bring a wealth of knowledge and perspective to global issues of peace and security.
Role of Non-Permanent Members
The United Nations Security Council is composed of 15 members, with 5 permanent
members (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China) and 10 non-
permanent members. The non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms by the
UN General Assembly, with five new members replacing outgoing ones each year. In
addition to participating in the decision-making process of the Security Council, non-
permanent members also have the opportunity to bring attention to specific issues and
regional concerns.
Outgoing Members
The incoming members (Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, and Switzerland) are
replacing India, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico, and Norway, whose two-year terms have now
come to an end. These countries have made significant contributions to the Security
Council during their tenure and will continue to play important roles in global affairs.
Continuing Members
Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, and the United Arab Emirates are currently in the middle of
their two-year term as non-permanent members of the Security Council. These countries
will continue to work alongside the new members to address the pressing issues facing
the international community.
UNSC Membership
The UNSC is the most powerful body within the United Nations and is responsible for
maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members in total, including the five
permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States)
who have veto power, and 10 elected members who serve two-year terms. The elected
members are allocated by global regions and are replaced every two years.
Significance of UNSC Membership
Becoming a member of the UNSC is considered a significant diplomatic
accomplishment for a country, as it can increase its global profile and give smaller
nations a larger voice on international peace and security issues.
The council has the power to deploy peacekeeping missions, impose sanctions, and
address conflicts and flashpoints, as well as addressing issues such as terrorism and
arms control.
The United Nations Security Council plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace
and security, and the contribution of its non-permanent members is vital to this mission.
The incoming members
JOIN (Ecuador, Japan, Malta,
@thehindu444 or Mozambique, and Switzerland) bring a
Thenewsmaster
diverse range of experiences and perspectives to the table, and their participation will no
doubt enrich the work of the Council. As the world faces numerous challenges, the
cooperation and collaboration of all members will be essential in finding solutions and
promoting peace.
World Braille Day: January 4 - Update (January, 2023)
Every year, the World Braille Day is celebrated on January 4 by the United Nations and
several other international organizations. The day is celebrated to create awareness of the
importance of Braille as a means of communication in the realization of human rights for
the blind.
Why is World Braille Day celebrated on January 4?
The celebration of World Braille Day on January 4 is in honor of Louis Braille, the inventor
of the Braille system. Braille was born in France on January 4, 1809, and it was his
development of the system that has allowed blind individuals to read and write, increasing
their independence and access to education and employment opportunities.
When was the first World Braille Day celebrated?
The first World Braille Day was celebrated in 2019.
What is Braille?
Braille is a system of representing alphabetic and numerical symbols using six raised dots.
The dots are arranged in a grid, with different combinations of dots representing different
letters, numbers, and symbols. This allows blind individuals to read and write by feeling
the raised dots with their fingers.

Who invented Braille?
Braille was invented by Louis Braille in the 19th century in France. As a young boy, Braille
was blinded in an accident and struggled to find ways to continue his education. He
eventually developed the Braille system as a way for blind individuals to read and write,
and it has since become the primary means of communication for the blind community
around the world.
Braille Language in India
In India, the Braille system has been in use for many years, with the country adopting
uniform Braille codes for different languages in 1951. India also established the Central
Braille Plant in Dehradun and the Central Braille Press in 1954, which produce simple
Braille equipment such as slates and styluses.
Steps Taken by the Government of India to Support People with Disabilities
The Government of India has taken several steps to support people with disabilities,
including enacting the Persons with Disabilities Act in 1995. This act provides a
special category called “low vision” in addition to the category of “blind,” and meets
the stipulations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities.
India has also accepted several United Nations resolutions on disabled people,
including observing the International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981 and the UN
Decade for the Disabled
JOIN from 1983 to 1992.
Additionally, India has observed the Asia-Pacific Decade for the Disabled declared by
the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), a regional
think-tank that provides analysis on social, economic, and environmental dynamics in
the region.
Kalasa Banduri Nala project
Despite opposition from Goa, Karnataka Water Resources minister Govind Karjol
announced that the state will proceed with the Kalasa-Banduri project on the River
Mahadayi. The project, which aims to divert water from the Mahadayi to provide drinking
water for the districts of Belagavi, Dharwad, Bagalkot, and Gadag, has been the subject of
controversy for decades. In 2020, the Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal allocated 13.42
tmcft of water from the river to Karnataka, a decision that has been challenged in the
Supreme Court by Goa and Maharashtra.
What is the Kalasa-Banduri Nala Project?
The Kalasa Banduri Nala project involves the construction of barrages against the Kalasa
and Banduri streams, tributaries of the Mahadayi, in order to divert water towards
Karnataka’s parched districts. The project was first proposed in the 1980s, but it has yet to
be implemented due to a dispute between Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra.
The Mahadayi Dispute
The Mahadayi river originates in the Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary in the Belagavi district of
Karnataka and flows into the Arabian Sea in Goa. In 2006, Karnataka began work on the
Kalasa-Banduri project, prompting Goa to approach the Supreme Court and request the
creation of a tribunal to settle the water sharing dispute. The tribunal was eventually
established by the UPA government in November 2010.
In 2018, the tribunal awarded 13.42 TMC of water from the Mahadayi river basin to
Karnataka, 1.33 TMC to Maharashtra, and 24 TMC to Goa. Of Karnataka’s allocation, 5.5
TMC was allocated for drinking water and 8.02 TMC was allocated for hydroelectricity
generation. Of the 5.5 TMC allocated for drinking water, 3.8 TMC was to be diverted to the
Malaprabha basin through the Kalasa and Banduri Nalas (canals). This decision was
notified by the Central government in February 2020.
Issues with the Tribunal’s Award
Goa has filed a Special Leave Petition in the Supreme Court challenging the allocation of
water from the Mahadayi by the tribunal. In October 2020, it also filed a contempt petition
accusing Karnataka of illegally diverting water from the river. Maharashtra has also filed
civil appeals in the dispute.

Karnataka’s Decision to Proceed with the Project
Despite the ongoing legal disputes, Karnataka Water Resources minister Govind Karjol has
announced that the state will proceed with the Kalasa-Banduri project. Karjol stated that
Karnataka does not need permission from Goa to use the water awarded to the state by
the tribunal and that the project is necessary to meet the drinking water needs of
Karnataka. He added that the Supreme Court has generally taken a favorable view of
drinking water projects.
Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai announced on December 30, 2020, that the
Union government had cleared the DPR for the project. This move is expected to benefit
the BJP in parts of Kittur Karnataka that will be served by the project.
Savitribai Phule
Savitribai Phule is a well-known figure in Indian history for her pioneering efforts in the
fields of women’s education, social reform, and gender equality. She is considered the first
female teacher in India, and is often referred to as the “Mother of Indian Feminism.”
Along with her husband Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai founded the first girls’ school in Pune in
1848, and worked tirelessly to fight against gender and caste discrimination. In addition to
her work as a teacher and social reformer, Savitribai was also a prolific Marathi writer,
with several literary works to her name. In this article, we will explore Savitribai’s life,
achievements, and legacies in greater detail.
Early Life
Savitribai K. Patil was born on January 3, 1831, into a family of farmers. At the age of nine,
she was married to 13-year-old Jyotirao Phule, who later became her partner in activism
and social reform. Savitribai was home-schooled by her husband, who taught her how to
read and write.
The First School for Girls and Women
In 1848, Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule founded the first school for girls and women in
Bhidewada, Pune (Maharashtra). The school started with just nine girls from different
castes, and was considered a historic step in a society where female education was
considered taboo. The Phule couple had launched a crusade against social discrimination
based on caste and gender, and their efforts to educate women sparked the flame for
women’s equal rights.
Campaign for Women’s Rights
During the British rule in India, Savitribai Phule led a courageous campaign for women’s
rights, focusing on issues such as child marriages, child widows, and the practice of “Sati,”
which involved the forced suicide of a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre. Savitribai also
fought for equal rights for all women, and worked hard to improve the status of women in
Indian society.
Legacies
After Jyotirao Phule’s death in 1890, Savitribai continued his work with the Satyashodhak
Samaj, a group that supported inter-caste marriages. She died while serving people
suffering from the bubonic plague in Maharashtra in 1897. In recognition of her

pioneering efforts in the fields of women’s education, social reform, and gender equality,
the Maharashtra government renamed the University of Pune as the Savitribai Phule Pune
University. The India Post also released a stamp in honor of Savitribai on March 10, 1998.
Savitribai Phule was a trailblazer in the fight for women’s rights in India, and her
contributions to the fields of education, social reform, and gender equality continue to be
recognized and celebrated. Though she faced many challenges as a woman in a
patriarchal and orthodox society, Savitribai’s courage
JOIN @thehindu444 and determination inspired others
or Thenewsmaster
to follow in her footsteps, and helped pave the way for a more equal and just society.
MHA High Powered Committee on Ladakh
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in India has established a High Powered Committee
(HPC) to address issues related to the protection of Ladakh’s culture, language, land, and
employment opportunities.
Purpose of the Committee
The committee has been formed with the goal of promoting inclusive development and
employment generation in the region, as well as empowering the Ladakh Autonomous Hill
Development Councils (LAHDCs) of Leh and Kargil.
Its mandate includes discussing measures to protect Ladakh’s unique culture and
language, and to ensure that the region’s land and employment opportunities are
protected for the benefit of its people.
Members of the Committee
The committee will be chaired by Shri Nityanand Rai, Minister of State for Home
Affairs.
In addition to Rai, the committee will include the Lieutenant Governor of the Union
Territory of Ladakh, the Member of Parliament for Ladakh, the Chairmen/Chief
Executive Councilors of the LAHDCs of Leh and Kargil, and several other officials
from the MHA and the Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs.
Representatives from both Leh and Kargil have also been invited to participate in the
committee. From Leh, the committee will include members of the Apex Body, a
group representing the interests of Ladakh’s Buddhist community, as well as
representatives of other religious and community organizations. From Kargil, the
committee will include members of the Kargil Democratic Alliance, a political group,
as well as other community leaders.
The establishment of the HPC reflects the Indian government’s commitment to
addressing the concerns of the people of Ladakh and ensuring that the region’s unique
culture and way of life are preserved. With its strategic location and importance, Ladakh
plays a vital role in the security and stability of the region, and the HPC will work to ensure
that the needs of the people of Ladakh are met and that the region is able to contribute to
the overall development of the country.
Bikaner Solar Power Project to Boost India's Renewable Energy
President Droupadi Murmu virtually laid the foundation stone for the 1,000 MW Bikaner
Solar Power Project on Tuesday in Jaipur, Rajasthan. The project is being implemented by
state-owned energy firm SJVN Limited through its subsidiary, SJVN Green Energy Limited
(SGEL), and is being developed on 5,000 acres of outright purchased land near the village
of Banderwala, district Bikaner in Rajasthan.
Details of the Project
The project is expected to be commissioned by March 2024 and will generate
approximately 2454.55 million units in the first year, with a cumulative total of 56838 MU
over 25 years. TheJOIN
maximum usage charges have
@thehindu444 or been set at Rs. 2.57 per unit, which will
Thenewsmaster
provide cheaper electricity to consumers. In addition to helping the government achieve
its renewable energy target of 500 GW by 2030, the project will also reduce carbon
emissions by 27,85,077 tones.
The project is expected to create direct and indirect employment for 150-200 and 800-1000
people, respectively, and will stimulate the local economy and create green jobs. The
project will also utilize domestically manufactured solar photovoltaic cells and modules,
supporting the “Make in India” initiative.
Funding and Implementation:
The development cost of the project is ₹5492 crores, with viability gap funding support of
₹44.72 lakh per megawatt provided by IREDA. SJVN has been awarded the 1,000 MW
Bikaner Solar Power Project under the Central Public Sector Undertaking Scheme Phase-II,
Tranche-III (Government Producer Scheme) through competitive bidding. The power
generated by the project will be for self-use or use by the government or government
entities, either directly or through distribution companies (DISCOMS).
SJVN’s Portfolio
SJVN is a leading CPSE under the Ministry of Power with a total project portfolio of
approximately 45,000 MW. The company is currently developing 73 hydro, solar, wind, and
thermal projects in 13 states in India and in Nepal.
ADB's Recent Loans to 4 States
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) recently signed a loan agreement with the Indian
government to provide $1.22 billion in funding for projects aimed at improving

connectivity and infrastructure in four Indian states. The loan will cover a range of projects
including improving the power sector and highways in the northeastern states of Tripura
and Assam, expanding the metro rail network in the southern city of Chennai, and
improving key economic areas in the western state of Maharashtra.
$350 Million Loan for Maharashtra
The ADB loan for Maharashtra will provide funding for the upgrade of 319 kilometers
of state highways and 149 kilometers of district roads, incorporating climate and
disaster-resilient features to strengthen the state’s core road network in 10 districts.
The project will also include the construction of 5 kilometers of major district roads
connecting Nanded and Telangana, and will promote gender equality and social
inclusion in highway programs, schools, health services, and social services.
Integrated service centers will also be set up to provide basic sanitation, education,
and other services.

$300 Million Loan for Assam
The ADB loan for Assam will fund the upgrading of six road sections in the state’s western,
central, and southern regions, which are connected to SASEC corridors linking India with
Bhutan and Bangladesh. The upgraded roads are expected to boost cross-border trade
and transport and will complement the multimodal logistics park being built in Jogighopa
and another proposed in Silchar, which will serve road, rail, inland waterway, and air
transport facilities.JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
$350 Million Loan for Chennai Metro Rail Network
The ADB loan for the expansion of the Chennai metro rail network will support the
development of three new lines: Line 3, Line 4, and Line 5.
For Line 3, the loan will fund the construction of 10.1 kilometers of the elevated
section between Sholinganallur and State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil
Nadu-2, including nine metro stations and system components.
For Line 4, the loan will help fund the construction of 10 kilometers of the
underground section between Lighthouse and Meenakshi College, including nine
stations.
For Line 5, the loan will finance 31 kilometers of system components such as
electrical, mechanical, power, and telecommunication infrastructure between
Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus and Okkiyam Thoraipakkam. The stations will
incorporate disaster- and climate-resilient features and will be responsive to the
needs of the elderly, women, children, differently abled, and transgender people.
$220 Million Loan for Tripura Power Sector
The ADB loan for the power sector in Tripura will fund the replacement of the Rokhia
power plant with a highly efficient combined cycle gas turbine, which will reduce
greenhouse gas emissions through fuel saving. The project will also modernize the
state’s power distribution network and build institutional capacity.
The project will also promote gender equality through pilot testing of gender and
socially inclusive workplace practices and will support at least 15 selected women’s
self-help groups (SHGs) under the Tripura Rural Livelihood Mission.
The SHGs will target the socio-economic empowerment of the rural poor and women
of the state, including those in the farming and non-farming sectors.
RISE- Rising India Through Spiritual Empowerment
On January 3, 2023, the President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu, participated in the
launch of the National Campaign on ‘RISE- Rising India Through Spiritual Empowerment’,
organized by Brahma Kumaris at Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Additionally, she virtually
inaugurated the Brahma Kumaris Silence Retreat Centre in Secunderabad and laid the
foundation stone for the Brahma Kumaris Auditorium and Spiritual Art Gallery in Indore.
President’s Personal Connection with Brahma Kumaris
In her address to the gathering, the President spoke of her personal connection with the
Brahma Kumaris Institution. She explained that she had learned the method of Raja Yoga,
which emphasizes inner spiritual power rather than external physical conveniences and
events. This helped her to find light and enthusiasm during a time when she felt
surrounded by darkness and lacked hope.
Objectives of RISE
The National Campaign on ‘RISE- Rising India Through Spiritual Empowerment’ is aimed
at spiritually empowering Indian nationals in order to fulfill the dream of a “Golden India.”
Brahma Kumaris believes that self-transformation leads to world transformation, and that
the journey of a million
JOINtransformations
@thehindu444 will create a domino effect, ultimately leading to
or Thenewsmaster
the rebuilding of the nation.
Methodology
To achieve these goals, a range of lectures, workshops, short courses, youth camps, and
fests will be conducted nationwide to create awareness and transformation among youth.
Additionally, Brahma Kumaris will collaborate on various projects that provide
opportunities for young people to participate in activities of social and humanitarian
concern.
Key Areas
The National Campaign on ‘RISE- Rising India Through Spiritual Empowerment’ will focus
on a range of areas, including lectures, workshops, short courses, youth camps, and fests
nationwide to create awareness and transformation among youth. Additionally, the
campaign will involve collaboration on projects that offer opportunities for young people
to engage in social and humanitarian activities.
PM pays tributes to Rani Velu Nachiyar on her birth anniversary
Rani Velu Nachiyar was an 18th-century warrior queen who belonged to the Sivagangai
estate in present-day Tamil Nadu. She was the only daughter of the royal couple of the
Sethupathi dynasty and was trained in martial arts, archery, and horseback riding. Rani
Velu Nachiyar was also multilingual, with proficiency in languages such as French, English,
and Urdu. On her birth anniversary, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to her
“courageous” spirit and her contributions to the fight against colonialism and for the
welfare of society.
Here are five points about the life of this celebrated warrior
1. Tragedy struck early on in Rani Velu Nachiyar’s life when her husband, Muthu
Vaduganatha Thevar, was killed by the British and the son of the Nawab of Arcot
during the Kalaiyar Koil War. Following this event, Velu Nachiyar and her daughter
were forced to flee from their land.
2. After fleeing, Rani Velu Nachiyar sought refuge with Gopal Naicker, the ruler of
Dindigul. While under Naicker’s protection, she also met Haider Ali, the Sultan of
Mysore, and impressed him with her fluent Urdu and intellect.
3. With the support of Naicker and Sultan’s forces, Rani Velu Nachiyar set out to regain
control of her kingdom in 1780. This historic event is also believed to be the first
instance of suicide bombing in India, with Velu Nachiyar and her military
commander, Kuyuili, devising the plan to destroy British weapons.
4. Kuyuili sacrificed herself by setting herself on fire and walking into the armoury
chambers of the fort captured by the British, thereby paving the way for Rani Velu
Nachiyar to launch an attack and win her kingdom back. She earned the title
“Veeramangai,” or “the brave one,” for her bravery in fighting the British and the
Nawab of Arcot.
5. In addition to her military successes, Rani Velu Nachiyar is also remembered for her
efforts to improve the welfare of her people. She granted powers to Marudhu
JOIN @thehindu444
Brothers to administer or them
the country and made Thenewsmaster
responsible for the welfare of the
people. She also abolished the practice of sati, the ritual of widows immolating
themselves on their husband’s funeral pyres, and implemented several social
reforms.
Rani Velu Nachiyar’s legacy as a warrior queen who fought against British colonialism and
worked for the welfare of her people continues to inspire and motivate generations. She is
remembered through a commemorative postal stamp and will always be remembered as
a symbol of courage and determination.
Europe Winter Heat wave
Europe experienced an unprecedented winter heat wave over the New Year’s weekend,
with at least seven countries recording their hottest January weather ever. Climatologists
suggest that the heat dome forming over the region caused temperatures to surge to
summer or springtime levels. This article explores what a heat dome is, the relationship
between heat domes and the jet stream, and the potential role of climate change in their
formation.
What is a Heat Dome?
A heat dome is an area of high-pressure that traps warm air over a region for an extended
period of time, similar to a lid on a pot. The longer the air remains trapped, the more the
sun works to heat it, resulting in warmer conditions. Heat domes can last for a few days or
even weeks, potentially leading to deadly heat waves.
When high pressure forces air to sink, it gets compressed and becomes even warmer.
Additionally, as the air sinks, it becomes drier, further raising the temperature of the area.
Heat Domes and the Jet Stream
The formation of heat domes is related to the behaviour of the jet stream, a fast-moving
area of air in the atmosphere with a wave-like pattern that moves from north to south and
back again. When these waves become bigger and elongated, they can slow down or
become stationary, leading to the formation of a high-pressure system and a heat dome.
Climate Change and Heat Domes
While heat domes are likely to have always existed, researchers suggest that climate
change may be making them more intense and longer-lasting. As temperatures rise, it is
expected that the jet stream will become more wavy and have larger deviations, leading to
more frequent extreme heat events.
Previous Instances of Heat Domes
In 2021, a heat dome formed over western Canada and the US, causing deadly heat waves.
Portland saw temperatures reach 46°C, Washington hit 49°C, and Lytton in British
Columbia saw temperatures soar to over 46°C. It is believed that hundreds of people died
as a result of this extreme weather event.
Madagascar: Discovery of 20 New Frog Species
The humid vegetation in Madagascar is home to a diverse population of small, brown
frogs. These frogs are known for their subtle mating calls that can be heard in the
darkness, and are difficult to spot due to their ability to camouflage with mud. Until
recently, scientistsJOIN
had only formally described or
@thehindu444 14 species of the Malagasy common brown
Thenewsmaster
frog. However, a new study has identified and described 20 additional species of these
frogs that had previously been overlooked.
Importance of Species Identification
Identifying and naming species is crucial for understanding the planet’s biodiversity, as
habitat destruction is causing animals to go extinct at a faster rate than they can be
catalogued. The discovery of these new frog species is exciting, as it adds to our
understanding of the diversity of life on Earth. However, it is also concerning, as it is
occurring in the midst of widespread deforestation in Madagascar.
Complexity of Studying Malagasy Frogs
Madagascar is home to hundreds of endemic frog species, but studying these animals and
collecting detailed data about them is complex. Fieldwork in the remote and inaccessible
areas of the island can be difficult, and technology has not always been sufficient for
extracting useful data from frog specimens in national collections and museums.
Additionally, many of the species of common brown frog in Madagascar look similar,
making it challenging to accurately classify them.
Using Museomics to Classify Frogs
To more accurately classify the different species of common brown frog in Madagascar,
the study team used a state-of-the-art approach called museomics. This involves
extracting and sequencing DNA from preserved frog specimens, and comparing that
genetic data with information about the frogs’ physical appearance, mating calls, and
geographic location. This allowed the team to identify 20 previously overlooked species of
frogs.
Significance of These Findings
The discovery of these 20 new species of frogs is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it
adds to our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth, and helps to fill in the blanks in
the biological inventory of the planet. Secondly, it highlights the importance of museums
and national collections, as they can be a valuable resource for studying and protecting
biodiversity. Finally, it demonstrates the ongoing need for research and conservation
efforts in Madagascar, which is home to a wealth of unique and vulnerable species.
Draft Online Gaming Policy
The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) has released the Draft Rules for Online Gaming,
which have been introduced as an amendment to the Information Technology
(Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. These proposed rules
aim to regulate the online gaming industry in India and ensure a safe and fair gaming
ecosystem for users.
Overview of the Draft Rules
Self Regulatory Body: Online gaming companies in India will be required to register
with a self-regulatory body. Only games that have been cleared by this body will be
allowed to legally operate in the country. The self-regulatory body will have a board
of directors with five members from various fields, including online gaming, public
policy, IT, psychology, and medicine. It is possible
JOIN @thehindu444 for there to be more than one self-
or Thenewsmaster
regulatory body, and all of them will need to inform the government about the
games they have registered, along with a report detailing the criteria for registering
these games.
Due Diligence: Online gaming firms will also have to undertake additional due
diligence measures, including KYC (know your customer) checks for users,
transparent withdrawal and refund policies for money, and fair distribution of
winnings. For KYC checks, these firms will need to follow norms set by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI).
Random Number Generation Certificate and No Bot Certificate: Gaming
companies will be required to obtain a Random Number Generation Certificate,
which is typically used by platforms offering card games to ensure that game
outputs are randomly generated and unpredictable. They will also need to obtain a
“no bot certificate” from a reputed certifying body, which will confirm that the
platform does not use bots or automated processes.
Restrictions on Betting: Online gaming companies will not be allowed to engage in
betting on the outcome of games.
Compliance: Similar to social media and e-commerce companies, online gaming
platforms will also need to appoint a compliance officer to ensure that the platform
is following all relevant rules and regulations. They will also need to appoint a nodal
officer, who will act as a liaison with the government and assist law enforcement
agencies, as well as a grievance officer to resolve user complaints.

Reasons for the Introduction of the Rules
Protection of Female Gamers: Approximately 40-45% of gamers in India are
women, making it important to ensure the safety of this segment of the gaming
population. The introduction of these rules is seen as a positive step towards
comprehensive regulation of the online gaming industry in India.
Reduction of Regulatory Fragmentation: The online gaming industry in India has
previously faced regulatory fragmentation at the state level, making it challenging
for the industry to operate smoothly. The introduction of these draft rules is
expected to reduce this fragmentation and provide a more unified regulatory
framework for the industry.
Growing Industry: The Indian mobile gaming industry is expected to reach a
revenue of USD 5 billion in 2025. Between 2017-2020, the industry grew at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 38% in India, compared to 8% in China and
10% in the US. According to a report by VC firm Sequoia and management consulting
company BCG, the industry is expected to continue growing at a CAGR of 15% and
reach INR 153 billion in revenue by 2024.
January 5, 2023
Broadcasting Infrastructure and Network Development (BIND) scheme
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has recently approved a large infrastructure
JOINfor@thehindu444
development scheme Prasar Bharati, theor Thenewsmaster
public broadcasting service in India that
heads All India Radio and Doordarshan. The Broadcasting Infrastructure and Network
Development (BIND) scheme, worth over ₹2,500 crore, will focus on expanding and
upgrading the infrastructure of Prasar Bharati, as well as improving the digital content
and distribution network.
Purpose of BIND Scheme
The BIND scheme is designed to provide financial support to Prasar Bharati for expenses
related to the expansion and upgradation of its broadcasting infrastructure, content
development, and civil work related to the organization. As the public broadcaster of
India, Prasar Bharati serves as a crucial source of information, education, entertainment,
and engagement for the public, especially in remote areas of the country through DD and
AIR.
CCEA Praises Prasar Bharati’s Covid Response
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) praised Prasar Bharati for its efforts in
communicating important public health messages and awareness to the public during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Upgrading Infrastructure and Increasing Reach
The BIND scheme will enable Prasar Bharati to undertake major upgrades of its
facilities with improved infrastructure, which will expand its reach to include areas
with left-wing extremism, strategic locations, and border regions.
In addition, the scheme aims to provide high-quality content for both domestic and
international audiences and increase the availability of diverse content by upgrading

the capacity of the DTH platform to accommodate more channels.
Other Aspects of the BIND Scheme
As part of the project, Prasar Bharati will also purchase OB vans and digitally
upgrade DD and AIR studios to make them HD ready. Currently, DD operates 36 TV
channels, including 28 regional channels, while AIR operates over 500 broadcasting
centers.
The BIND scheme will increase the coverage of AIR FM transmitters in the country to
66% by geographical area and 80% by population, up from 59% and 68%,
respectively.
The scheme also includes the free distribution of over 800,000 DD Free Dish STBs to
people living in remote, tribal, left-wing extremism-affected, and border areas.
Indirect Employment Opportunities
In addition to enhancing the scope of public broadcasting, the project for modernization
and augmentation of broadcast infrastructure also has the potential to generate indirect
employment through the manufacturing and services related to the supply and
installation of broadcast equipment. The content generation and content innovation for
AIR and DD also have the potential for indirect employment in the content production
sector, including TV/radio production, transmission, and associated media-related
services. The expansion of the reach of DD Free Dish is expected to create employment
opportunities in the manufacturing
JOIN of DD Free or
@thehindu444 Dish Thenewsmaster
DTH boxes.
Prasar Bharati
Prasar Bharati is a public service broadcaster in India, which was established by an Act of
Parliament in 1997. It is an autonomous body that operates Doordarshan and All India
Radio, two of the largest media organizations in the country. Prasar Bharati is responsible
for the distribution of television and radio signals throughout India and for the production
of television and radio programming. The organization aims to provide impartial,
accurate, and comprehensive news and information to the public, and to promote cultural
diversity and national integration. Prasar Bharati also plays a crucial role in promoting
Indian culture and heritage through its various programming initiatives.
Cabinet Approves National Green Hydrogen Mission
The Union Cabinet, led by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the
National Green Hydrogen Mission. The mission aims to make India a global hub for the
production, utilization, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives. It will also help
India become energy independent and decarbonize major sectors of the economy.
The initial outlay for the mission will be Rs. 19,744 crore, including Rs. 17,490 crore for the
Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) program, Rs. 1,466 crore
for pilot projects, Rs. 400 crore for research and development, and Rs. 388 crore for other
mission components.
Benefits of the Mission
The National Green Hydrogen Mission is expected to have wide-ranging benefits,
including:
Creation of export opportunities for green hydrogen and its derivatives
Decarbonization of the industrial, mobility, and energy sectors
Reduction in dependence on imported fossil fuels and feedstock
Development of indigenous manufacturing capabilities
Creation of employment opportunities
Development of cutting-edge technologies
Projected Outcomes by 2030
By 2030, the National Green Hydrogen Mission is expected to achieve the following
outcomes:
Development of green hydrogen production capacity of at least 5 million metric tons
per year, with an associated renewable energy capacity addition of about 125 GW
Over Rs. 8 lakh crore in total investments
Creation of over 6 lakh jobs.

Cumulative reduction in fossil fuel imports of over Rs. 1 lakh crore
Abatement of nearly 50 million metric tons of annual greenhouse gas emissions
Implementation of the Mission
The National Green Hydrogen Mission will facilitate the demand, production,
utilization, and export of green hydrogen. Under the SIGHT program, two distinct
financial incentive mechanisms – targeting domestic manufacturing of electrolyzers
and production
JOINof green hydrogen – will or
@thehindu444 be provided. The mission will also support
Thenewsmaster
pilot projects in emerging end-use sectors and production pathways. Regions
capable of supporting large-scale production and/or utilization of hydrogen will be
identified and developed as green hydrogen hubs.
An enabling policy framework will be developed to support the establishment of a
green hydrogen ecosystem. A robust standards and regulations framework will also
be developed. A public-private partnership framework for research and development
(Strategic Hydrogen Innovation Partnership – SHIP) will be facilitated under the
mission. R&D projects will be goal-oriented, time-bound, and suitably scaled up to
develop globally competitive technologies. A coordinated skill development program
will also be undertaken under the mission.
Overall coordination and implementation of the National Green Hydrogen Mission will be
the responsibility of the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy. All relevant ministries,
departments, agencies, and institutions of the central and state governments will
undertake focused and coordinated steps to ensure the successful achievement of the
mission’s objectives.
Supreme Court ruling on Article 19 ambit
The Supreme Court of India recently made a significant ruling in a case involving the
fundamental right to freedom of speech. In a 4-1 majority decision, the Constitution Bench
of the court stated that an individual can seek enforcement of this right not only against
the government, but also against other citizens. This ruling expands the grounds for
seeking protection of these rights.

Article 19 and the Right to Free Speech
Article 19 of the Constitution of India guarantees the right to freedom of speech and
expression, and is typically invoked against the state. Some fundamental rights, such as
those prohibiting untouchability, trafficking, and bonded labor, are explicitly against both
the state and other individuals. The recent Supreme Court ruling extends the right to free
speech to include protection against private citizens.
Enforcing Rights against Private Entities
This interpretation brings an obligation on the state to ensure that private entities also
abide by Constitutional norms. It opens up a range of possibilities in Constitutional law,
potentially allowing for the enforcement of privacy rights against a private doctor or the
right to free speech against a private social media entity.
Reference to Previous Court Rulings
The Court referenced the 2017 verdict in Puttaswamy, in which a nine-judge bench
unanimously upheld privacy as a fundamental right. The government had argued that
privacy is a right enforceable against other citizens and, therefore, cannot be elevated to
the status of a fundamental right against the state.
International Perspectives on Fundamental Rights
The Court also looked to foreign jurisdictions, contrasting the American approach with the
European Courts. The US Supreme Court’s ruling in New York Times vs. Sullivan, which
found that defamation law as applied by the state against The New York Times was
inconsistent with the Constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech and expression, was
cited as an example of a shift in US law from a “purely vertical approach” to a “horizontal
approach.”
A vertical application of rights means they can only be enforced against the state, while a
horizontal approach means they are enforceable against other citizens. For example, a
horizontal application of the right to life would enable a citizen to bring a case against a
private entity for causing pollution, which would be a violation of the right to a clean
environment.
Telangana Joins Free Rice Scheme
The Telangana government has recently made the decision to join the free rice scheme of
the Central government under the National Food Security Act (NFSA). This initiative aims
to provide assistance to families in need by distributing free rice to those who are eligible
under the NFSA. The Telangana government’s decision to join this scheme demonstrates
a commitment to addressing issues of food security and poverty in the state.
Details of the Scheme
The Central scheme envisages the supply of five kilograms of rice per person per
month to 54.44 lakh NFSA cardholders in the state. However, the Telangana
government will extend this benefit to an additional 35.52 lakh cardholders, at its
own cost.
Previously, both types of cardholders were receiving free rice under the Prime
Minister’s Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, which is a part of the Public Distribution System
(PDS). The Central government used to supply this rice at a subsidized price of ₹3 per
kilogram. However, the Telangana government added its own subsidy of ₹2 per
kilogram and distributed the PDS rice for only ₹1 per kilogram.
Effective January 1, rice will be completely free under the Central scheme. As a result,
the Telangana government will bear the additional cost of ₹1 per kilogram and will
begin distributing free rice to all 89.96 lakh cardholders from January 5.
Uncertainty Surrounding Amount of Rice Supplied
It is currently unclear whether the state government will continue to supply six kilograms
of rice per person per month, as it did under the PMGKA, or if it will restrict this amount to
the five kilograms specified under the NFSA.
The Telangana government has made the decision to join the free rice scheme of the
Central government under the National Food Security Act in order to provide assistance to
families in need. Although there is some uncertainty surrounding the amount of rice that
will be supplied, the state government is committed to distributing free rice to all
cardholders starting on January 5.
About PMGKAY
In March 2020, during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the central
government had announced the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
(PMGKAY) welfare scheme. Initially, the scheme was planned for a period of 3
months but since
JOINthen, it has been extended
@thehindu444 or several times.
Thenewsmaster
This scheme looked to provide every individual covered under the National Food
Security Act, 2013 (NFSA) with an additional 5 kg of grains (rice or wheat) free of cost,
along with the 5 kg of subsidized food grain that is already being provided through
the country’s Public Distribution System (PDS). It covers people belonging to Below
Poverty Line – Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Priority Households (PHH)
categories.
It also covers other vulnerable people like widows, terminally ill, elderly, landless
agricultural labourers, primitive tribe households, informal sector workers etc. More
than 81.35 crore people are benefiting from this scheme. Wheat has been allocated
for 6 states and union territories and rice has been provided for the rest. This
supplements the monthly entitlements under the NFSA.
India-France Strategic Dialogue
The 36th India-France Strategic Dialogue is set to take place on January 5, with a focus on
addressing China’s militarization of the Indo-Pacific region and ways in which the two
nations can work together to counter it. In addition to the strategic talks, Diplomatic
Advisor Bonne will also meet with India’s Defence Minister and External Affairs Minister.
Though the Indian government has not disclosed further details about the content of the
dialogue, it is clear that India is seeking to strengthen its self-reliance in weapons and
hardware with the help of key allies like France due to Russia’s preoccupation with the war
in Ukraine.
Aircraft Engines and Submarines
One area where India is seeking French assistance is in the manufacturing of aircraft
engines. India is looking for a transfer of technology to enable it to make engines for its
indigenous twin-engine fighter, as well as the design and development of next-generation
military and civilian engines for future fighter and transport platforms. The Tata group has
already teamed up with Airbus to manufacture C295 tactical transport aircraft in Gujarat,
and this partnership is set to be expanded to include the production of other civilian and
military aircraft through a joint venture with France.
In addition to aircraft engines, India is also interested in continued French assistance with
the production of submarines. The Kalvari (French Scorpene) class submarine line is set to
deliver its final submarine this year, and India is hoping that France will help to continue
the manufacturing line at Mumbai Dockyards. The plan is to retrofit diesel attack
submarines with indigenous air independent propulsion (AIP) systems for long
endurance. It is expected that progress will be made on both aircraft engines and long-
range submarines during this year’s strategic dialogue with France.
Indo-Pacific Security and Space Cooperation
Another key topic of discussion during the strategic dialogue will be the Indo-Pacific
region, where France is ready to help India with ocean bed mapping and the
development of underwater drones and sensors. With the People’s Liberation Army
(PLA) of China becoming increasingly aggressive in the Indo-Pacific, and rapidly
expanding its warship
JOIN and nuclear submarine
@thehindu444 force, India and its allies must be
or Thenewsmaster
prepared for any eventualities in the Indian Ocean, which is fast becoming a new
frontier. In order to ensure maritime domain awareness and security from the east
coast of Africa to the far Pacific, India and France have formed a trilateral group with
the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
In addition to security in the Indo-Pacific, India and France are also working together
in the field of space technology, sharing knowledge in an effort to counter China’s
rapid strides in this area.
Terrorism and Regional Stability
During the strategic dialogue, Bonne will also be briefed by Doval on the posture of the
PLA along the 3488 km Line of Actual Control (LAC) between China and India, and the two
leaders will discuss ways to bring both Russia and Ukraine to the negotiating table to end
the conflict that began in February 2022. Another topic of discussion will be the issue of
radicalization in the region, particularly in the Af-Pak region, in the wake of the rise of the
Taliban, as well as terrorism emanating from Pakistan and targeting India, as seen in the
recent terrorist attacks in Rajouri by the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Tayebba (LeT) group.
6th edition of 'Pariksha Pe Charcha'
The 6th edition of ‘Pariksha Pe Charcha’ (PPC), an interactive program that brings
together students, teachers, and parents to discuss anxieties related to exams and life
after school, will be held on January 27 at the Talkatora Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be participating in the event and has encouraged
everyone to take part in the program. The goal of PPC is to help participants overcome
stress and celebrate life as an ‘Utsav’, or celebration. The Department of School Education
and Literacy within the Ministry of Education has organized the event successfully for the
past five years.
Overview of Pariksha Pe Charcha
Conceptualized by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Pariksha Pe Charcha is a unique
interactive program that brings together students, parents, and teachers from across
India and overseas to discuss anxieties related to exams and life after school. The goal of
the event is to help participants overcome stress and celebrate life as an ‘Utsav’, or
celebration. The Department of School Education and Literacy within the Ministry of
Education has organized the event successfully for the past five years.
Registration for PPC 2023
Registration for the 6th edition of Pariksha Pe Charcha began on November 25 and closed
on December 30. This year, registrations more than doubled compared to the previous
year, with 38.80 lakh participants (31.24 lakh students, 5.60 lakh teachers, and 1.95 lakh
parents) signing up for PPC 2023. This includes students from over 150 countries, teachers
from 51 countries, and parents from 50 countries.
Participation in PPC 2023
Students, teachers, and parents have enthusiastically participated in large numbers from
state boards, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Kendriya Vidyalaya
Sangathan (KVS), JOIN
the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti
@thehindu444 or (NVS), and other boards. Additionally,
Thenewsmaster
2,050 participants who were selected through creative writing competitions on MyGov will
receive a special Pariksha Pe Charcha kit, including the Exam Warriors book written by
Prime Minister Modi in both Hindi and English, as well as a certificate. Some of the
questions posed by these participants may also be featured in PPC 2023.
Format of PPC 2023
PPC 2023 is proposed to be in a town hall format, similar to the previous year, while
adhering to COVID-19 protocols as determined by the Ministry of Health. Prime Minister
Modi will be interacting with students, teachers, and parents to discuss ways to make
exams stress-free and support Exam Warriors.
Assam's highest civilian award
The Assam government has recently announced the recipients of three prestigious
awards: “Asom Baibhav,” “Asom Sourav,” and “Asom Gourav” for the year 2022-2023.
These awards recognize and honor individuals who have made significant contributions to
the state and its people.
Asom Baibhav
Asom Baibhav is the highest civilian award given by the Assam government and this
year’s recipient is Dr. Tapan Saikia. A resident of Naharkatia, Dibrugarh in Assam, Dr.
Saikia is a patron of the Deesikha Foundation and has made significant contributions
towards generating awareness and early detection of cancer in Assam and Northeast
States.
Dr. Saikia currently serves as the Head of Medical Oncology and Research Director at
Prince Aly Khan Hospital and the Director of Oncology Sciences at the Jaslok Hospital
& Research Centre in Mumbai. In addition, he has worked as an MD and external
examiner at AIIMS Delhi and Allahabad University.
The Asom Baibav award comes with a cash prize of Rs 5 lakhs and the recipient is
entitled to medical treatment at government expense for the rest of their life.
Asom Sourav
The Asom Sourav award is given to individuals who have made outstanding
contributions in their respective fields. This year’s recipients are Krishna Roy, Gilbert
Sangma, Dr. Binoy Kumar Saikia, and Dr. Sashidhar Phukan.
The award carries a reward of Rs 4 lakhs and recipients are entitled to medical
treatment at government expense up to Rs 3 lakhs each year.
Asom Gourav
The Asom Gourav award recognizes individuals who have made exceptional
achievements in their respective fields. This year’s recipients are Debajit Barman,
Rustom Basumatary, Manje La, Binanda Hatibaruah, Atul Ch Baruah, Shila Gowala,
Dr. Jogesh Deuri, Dr. Pankaj Lal Gogoi, Sarbeswar Basumatary, Manthang Hmar,
Dayal Goswami, Dr. Syed Ifthikar Ahmed, and Dr. Dhrubajyoti Sharma.
The award carries a cash prize of Rs 3 lakhs and the recipient is entitled to medical
treatment at government expense up to Rs 3 lakhs each year.
Chief
JOIN Minister's Residential
@thehindu444 orLand Rights scheme
Thenewsmaster
On 4 January 2023, Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the Chief Minister’s
Residential Land Rights scheme (Mukhyamantri Awasiya Bhu Adhikar Yojana) in
Tikamgarh district, Madhya Pradesh. The scheme aims to provide free plots to poor rural
families for building their homes.
Key Points
During the launch event, Chief Minister Chouhan distributed free pattas of
residential land to the selected beneficiaries and interacted with them, even sharing
a meal with them sitting on the ground. He also instructed the officers present to
ensure that all basic facilities such as roads, electricity, water, and sewage lines were
made available around the allotted plots.
In total, land plots worth Rs 129 crore 37 lakh were distributed to 10,918 beneficiaries
in the district. Along with this, the Chief Minister also laid the foundation stone for
development works worth Rs 255 crore.
These development works include an irrigation scheme that will provide drinking
water to 214 villages in the district and the opening of an SDM court in Badagaon
Dhasan, Shivpuri.
Eligibility and Application Process
Under the scheme, applications from 14 lakh people across the state were received,
and plots worth approximately Rs 120 crore were provided to 10,500 eligible
beneficiaries in Tikamgarh district. The Chief Minister had instructed the Revenue
Department to identify eligible beneficiaries for the scheme and prepare their data.
Each beneficiary family will be given a plot of about 600 square feet for the
construction of their homes under various schemes including the Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana.
The scheme will eventually be launched throughout the state, and this step will also
pave the way for the construction of pucca houses for poor families under the
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and Chief Minister Jan-Awas Yojana.
The land will be given completely free of cost along with the benefits of all other
schemes, and the lease of the land will be in the name of the husband and wife.
Other Initiatives
In addition to launching the residential land rights scheme, the Chief Minister also
laid the foundation stone for development works worth Rs 255 crore. He emphasized
the importance of ensuring high quality in the Rs 255 crore irrigation scheme, which
will provide drinking water to 214 villages in the district.

The Chief Minister also announced the opening of an SDM court in Badagaon
Dhasan, Shivpuri and the renaming of the town to Kundeshwar Dham. He also
announced the development of the Bagaj temple Kundeshwar Dham premises.
Silent Valley Bird Survey
A recent bird survey conducted at Silent Valley National Park in Kerala identified a total of
175 species, with 17 of those being newly recorded. The survey, which took place on
December 27-29, JOIN
marked@thehindu444
the 30th anniversary
orofThenewsmaster
the first bird survey at Silent Valley.
Despite the COVID-19 restrictions, a team of 30 birders and forest staff participated in the
survey, which was held in association with the Kerala Natural History Society.
During the survey, a variety of species were spotted, including the Brown wood owl,
Banded bay cuckoo, and Malabar woodshrike. The number of identified species has
increased from 139 in 2006 and 142 in 2014. Endemic species, such as the Nilgiri
laughingthrush and Nilgiri flowerpecker, were also identified in the high elevation areas of
the park.
New Discoveries
The 17 new species identified during the survey include the brown wood owl, banded bay
cuckoo, Malabar woodshrike, white-throated kingfisher, Indian nightjar, jungle nightjar,
and large cuckooshrike. These additions bring the total number of identified species up to
175, with an impressive 139 species identified in the 2006 survey and 142 in the 2014
survey.
Abundant Species
Silent Valley is home to a number of abundant bird species, including the crimson-
backed sunbird, yellow-browed bulbul, black bulbul, Indian white-eye, and Indian
swiftlet.
Endemic species, found only in high elevation areas, were also identified during the
survey, such as the Nilgiri laughingthrush, Nilgiri flowerpecker, brown-cheeked
fulvetta, black-and-orange flycatcher, grey-headed canary-flycatcher, greenish
warbler, common chiffchaff, Tytler’s leaf warbler, Shaheen falcon, Nilgiri wood
pigeon, and Malabar whistling thrush.
Future Plans
Wildlife Warden S. Vinod stated that another bird survey will be conducted in the buffer
zone of Silent Valley National Park in the near future. This will provide a more
comprehensive understanding of the bird population in the national park and help in
conservation efforts.
Silent Valley National Park
Located in the Nilgiri hills on the border of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Silent Valley
National Park is a protected area of 89.52 km2 (34.56 sq mi) that is home to a variety
of rare and endangered species.
The park, which is surrounded by a buffer zone of 148 km2 (57 sq mi), is located
within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a rich area of biodiversity that also includes the
Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary, New Amarambalam Reserved Forest, and

Nedumkayam Rainforest in Nilambur Taluk of Malappuram district, Attappadi
Reserved Forest in Mannarkkad Taluk of Palakkad district, and Mukurthi National
Park of Nilgiris district.
Silent Valley National Park is home to a variety of rare flora and fauna, and was first
explored by botanist Robert Wight in 1847.
The park is located in the vicinity of the Mukurthi peak, the fifth-highest peak in
South India, and
JOINthe @thehindu444
Anginda peak. or Thenewsmaster
The Bhavani River, a tributary of the Kaveri River, and the Kunthipuzha River, a
tributary of the Bharathappuzha river, both have their origins in the area around
Silent Valley. The Kadalundi River also has its origin in Silent Valley.
January 6, 2023
Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP)
The Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP), a new initiative aimed at improving the
performance of blocks within districts lagging in various development parameters, is set
to be launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 January. The ABP was announced by
Finance Minister Nirmal Sitharaman in her 2022-23 Budget speech as an extension of the
Aspirational District Programme. The launch of the ABP will take place during the
concluding session of the second National Conference of Chief Secretaries, with the
program’s introduction expected to be given by NITI Aayog CEO Parmeswaran Iyer.
Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP)
The ABP is expected to be introduced by NITI Aayog CEO Parmeswaran Iyer during the
conference. Under the program, 500 blocks across states have been identified for
quarterly ranking based on their performance in sectors such as health, education, and
nutrition. The states and NITI Aayog will work together to establish ranking indicators,
with the private sector also able to contribute to the development of these blocks. The first
ranking is set to be released in April 2022.
Identification of Blocks
The 500 blocks identified for the ABP were chosen based on the recommendations of a
four-member committee established by the government in the previous year. These
blocks were selected due to their continued lag in development compared to the rest of
the districts in which they are located.
Growth and Job Creation
The three-day conference, which began on 5 January, will also cover discussions on issues
such as growth and job creation, the lessons learned from the implementation of the
Goods and Services Tax (GST), global geopolitical challenges and India’s response, and
inclusive human development.
The ABP aims to improve the quality of life for citizens in the most backward blocks of the
country through targeted development initiatives. The program builds on the success of
the Aspirational District Programme, which has already seen 95% of the 112 targeted
districts make significant progress in sectors including health, nutrition, financial inclusion,
and basic infrastructure. The launch of the ABP and the address by Prime Minister Modi
are the final items on the conference’s agenda.
Ganga Vilas River cruise
On January 13, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to flag off the world’s longest river
cruise, “Ganga Vilas,” from Varanasi to Dibrugarh via Bangladesh. The luxury vessel, which
can accommodate 80 passengers, will take 50 days to complete its journey, covering 3200
km and passing throughJOIN 27@thehindu444
river systems in India
orand Bangladesh.
Thenewsmaster
Highlights of the Trip
Tourists on the “Ganga Vilas” will have the opportunity to visit over 50 architecturally
significant places, including world heritage sites, during the course of the trip. These
landmarks range from Varanasi – one of the oldest cities in the world and a holy site
for Hindus – to the abandoned Buddhist monastery Vikramshila.
In Bangladesh, travelers can experience the beauty of the ghost city of Sonargaon
and the ornate 1400s-era Sixty Dome Mosque, among other culturally and
historically important locations.
In addition to visiting these iconic sites, the cruise will also pass through national
parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including the Sundarbans Delta and Kaziranga
National Park.
To ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience for all passengers, the “Ganga
Vilas” will offer a range of amenities, such as a gym, a spa, an open-air observation
deck, personal butler service, and cultural programs and music.
Cruise Itinerary
According to the schedule released by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, the “Ganga Vilas”
cruise will begin its journey in Varanasi and reach Patna on the eighth day, with stops in
Buxar, Ramnagar, and Ghazipur along the way. From Patna, the cruise will set sail for
Kolkata and arrive on the 20th day, passing through Farakka and Murshidabad. The
following day, it will depart for Dhaka and enter Bangladesh waters, where it will remain
for the next 15 days. Finally, the cruise will return to India through Guwahati before sailing
through Sibsagar and reaching its final destination in Dibrugarh.
Swiss Visitors on the Cruise
The “Ganga Vilas” cruise departed from Kolkata on December 22 with 32 Swiss visitors
aboard. Upon arrival in Varanasi on January 6, these tourists will have the chance to
explore the city’s spiritual and religious sites, according to Raj Singh, the Director of
Ganga Vilas Cruises.
Improving Amenities in Varanasi
The Uttar Pradesh government is working to improve the amenities for visitors to Varanasi
in preparation for the arrival of Prime Minister Modi and the launch of the “Ganga Vilas”
cruise. With its rich cultural and historical significance, the city is a popular destination for
tourists from around the world, and the government is eager to ensure that their
experience is a positive one.
The “Ganga Vilas” cruise offers travelers a unique opportunity to experience the beauty
and diversity of India and Bangladesh, with stops at some of the most iconic and culturally
significant sites in the region. From the ancient city of Varanasi to the ornate Sixty Dome
Mosque in Bangladesh, this 50-day journey is sure to be a once-in-a-lifetime adventure.
Study on Asian elephants
A recent study published in the journal Conservation has found that human settlements in
the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in India are causing a decline in the population of
endangered AsianJOINelephants.
Impact of Human Settlements on Elephant Movement
The research, conducted by a team of ecologists and conservationists, found that
when barriers are erected in hilly areas, gene flow between elephant populations is
reduced, leading to inbreeding, low genetic diversity, and increased risk of
extinction.
The Western Ghats mountain range, which includes the NBR, is home to around
6,000 wild elephants, the largest remaining population in the region. However, the
Palghat Gap, a relatively flat area that has been transformed by agriculture, has been
cut off from the rest of the Ghats by human settlements and crop cultivation.
This has confined the elephants to hilly areas with suboptimal habitats and increased
their risk of injury or death due to the dangerous terrain.
Lack of Connectivity between Elephant Populations
In addition to the physical barriers, the study found that the northern and southern
elephant populations in the Ghats have moderate levels of genetic differentiation,
indicating limited gene flow between the two regions. This lack of connectivity through
corridors has led to fragmentation of the elephant population and a decline in its overall
genetic diversity.
Recommendations for Conservation
Conservation efforts in the NBR have focused on enclosing protected areas without
considering the distribution of the terrain, according to Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, one of
the lead authors of the study. To effectively protect and conserve the Asian elephant
population in the NBR and the rest of the Ghats, Puyravaud suggests maintaining
corridors to ensure connectivity and preserving flat, easily negotiable terrain. This will
allow the elephants to roam freely and maintain a healthy level of genetic diversity,
improving their chances of survival and reproduction.
Asian elephant
The Asian elephant is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and is an important
cultural and religious symbol in the region. In India, the Asian elephant is listed as an
endangered species due to habitat loss, poaching, and conflict with humans.
There are an estimated 27,000 Asian elephants remaining in the wild in India, making
up a significant portion of the global population of around 50,000 individuals.
The Asian elephant is known for its distinctive appearance, including its large, floppy
ears, and is smaller in size than the African elephant. In India, the Asian elephant is
found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands.

Decennial Census in India Postponed Until September
The decennial census, a comprehensive survey conducted by the government of India
every 10 years, has been postponed until September 30th, at least. This exercise is used to
gather information on the size, distribution, and various characteristics of the country’s
population, including socio-economic and demographic data.
Postponement and Future Plans
The housing JOIN
listing phase of the census and
@thehindu444 or the National Population Register (NPR)
Thenewsmaster
update were originally scheduled to take place from April 1 to September 30, 2020.
However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, these plans were postponed. In a letter to
all states, the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner informed
that the date for freezing administrative boundaries has been extended until June
30th.
Per norms, the census can only be conducted three months after the freezing of
boundary limits of administrative units such as districts, sub-districts, tehsils, talukas,
and police stations. The boundaries of these units for the upcoming census will now
be frozen as of July 1, 2023. This process involves covering all jurisdictional changes
that have occurred between the last two censuses.
The state governments have been asked to finalize any changes to administrative
boundaries by June 30, 2023, and send copies of notifications on jurisdictional
changes to the relevant Directorate of Census Operations in the state or Union
Territory, with an endorsement to the census authorities in Delhi.
The general elections, which are expected to take place in March-April 2024, and the
completion of both phases of the census, which will take at least 11 months even if
conducted at an accelerated pace from October, make it unlikely that the census will be
conducted in 2023 or early 2024. It is possible that the census could be conducted before
the 2024 general elections if rules are modified to allow for a shorter process.
Who Conducts the Census?
The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, under the Ministry
of Home Affairs, is responsible for carrying out the decennial census. The first
synchronous census in India took place in 1881 and has been conducted uninterrupted
every ten years since.
Importance of the Census
The census in India is important because it provides information on the size, distribution,
and characteristics of the country’s population, including socio-economic and
demographic data. This information is used to inform policy and government programs
aimed at improving the community. The last census in India was conducted in 2011.
History of the Census in India
The census in India has a long history dating back to the time of the Rig-Veda, which
mentions some form of population count being kept around 800-600 BC. In the 3rd
century BC, the Arthashastra by Kautilya prescribed the collection of population statistics
as a state policy for taxation purposes. During the reign of Mughal king Akbar, the Ain-e-
Akbari administrative report included extensive data on population, wealth, industry, and
other characteristics.
The first synchronous census in India was conducted in 1881, and censuses have been
conducted uninterruptedly every 10 years since then. The last census was held in 2011.
UGC Draft norms to allow foreign university campuses in India
The University Grants
JOINCommission (UGC) has
@thehindu444 orreleased draft regulations for foreign
Thenewsmaster
universities or higher education institutions to establish their campuses in India. The UGC
(Setting up and Operation of Campuses of Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in
India) Draft Regulations 2023 state that foreign universities wishing to set up in India
should be ranked within the top 500 of global rankings in their subject area. Institutions
that have not participated in world rankings may also be considered for establishing a
campus in India if they are highly reputed in their home countries.
Establishment Criteria
The draft regulations mandate that foreign universities establishing a campus in India
must comply with the Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999. They may set up a
campus through the Companies Act, the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008, or through
a joint venture with an existing Indian entity, or by starting a branch office. Once the
necessary criteria have been fulfilled, the UGC will grant approval for 10 years, which must
be renewed in the 9th year.
Admission Criteria and Fee Structure
The UGC has granted authority to foreign universities or higher education institutions to
determine their own admission criteria for both Indian and international students on their
campus in India. They have also been given the freedom to decide on their fee structure,
which must be transparent and reasonable, and hosted on their website.
Based on the evaluation process, foreign higher education institutions may offer full or
partial need-based scholarships to students from their endowment funds, alumni
donations, tuition revenues, or any other resources, according to Prof. Kumar.

Course Offerings and Staffing
Foreign universities with campuses in India will not be permitted to offer courses through
online or ODL (open and distance learning) modes. They will also not be allowed to offer
any programs of study that compromise national interests or standards of higher
education in India. Violation of or failure to adhere to regulations may result in penalties,
suspension, or withdrawal of approval.
Qualifications awarded to students who study at the Indian campus of a foreign university
will be recognized and treated as equivalent to the corresponding qualifications awarded
by the foreign university at its main campus in its country of origin. Foreign universities or
higher education institutions have been granted autonomy to recruit staff from India and
abroad in accordance with their recruitment norms. Foreign faculty appointed to teach at
the Indian campus should stay for a reasonable period of time, such as one or two
semesters.
European countries have expressed interest in establishing their universities’ campuses in
India, according to Prof. Kumar. The draft regulations will also be sent to foreign
ambassadors in New Delhi and abroad for their suggestions and comments.
Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium
Recently, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik inaugurated the world’s largest dedicated hockey
stadium in Rourkela, Odisha. The Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium (BMHS) was built at a cost
of over Rs 260 crore
JOINin a@thehindu444
record 15 months or
and Thenewsmaster
has the capacity to host over 20,000
spectators. The BMHS will host 20 of the 44 matches of the Men’s FIH Hockey World Cup,
which is set to begin on January 13. The remaining matches will be held at the Kalinga
Stadium in Bhubaneswar.
Infrastructure and Facilities
The BMHS is equipped with world-class infrastructure and facilities. It includes a
practice pitch, fitness center, hydrotherapy pool, dressing and changing rooms, and
a 225-room residential complex with five-star accommodations capable of housing
400 players.
The complex, which was developed in a record nine months, is expected to offer a
holistic environment for the participating World Cup teams.
Taj Group has been enlisted by Hockey India to offer hospitality services that reflect
the culture of Odisha for the Men’s FIH Hockey World Cup.
The Chief Minister stated that the BMHS is the most valued gift of Odisha to the
nation and a glory for the state. He added that the stadium will serve as the main
center for international hockey and provide opportunities for players from around
the world to showcase their talent.
Promotion of Hockey in Odisha
The Odisha government, under the leadership of CM Naveen Patnaik, has actively
encouraged and funded the promotion of hockey in the state in recent years. In 2018,
when the Indian national men’s and women’s hockey teams were struggling to find a
sponsor, Patnaik stepped forward to offer support. As a result, both teams made it to the
semifinals of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, with the men’s team winning the bronze medal,
their first medal in almost four decades.
In preparation for the Hockey World Cup, the government has constructed the Birsa
Munda Hockey Stadium in Rourkela, the world’s largest hockey stadium, and decked up
both Bhubaneswar and Rourkela for the event. The mascot for the FIH Odisha Hockey
World Cup is ‘Olly’, an Olive Ridley sea turtle that travels to the coast of Odisha to nest
every year.
Sundergarh District and Hockey
The Sundergarh district in Odisha, which is predominantly tribal, has a long association
with hockey. Located in a region that was once part of the Maoist Red-corridor,
Sundergarh has become known as the ‘Cradle of Indian Hockey’. The district has
produced five national captains of the Indian hockey team and over 60 international
players.
Some believe that the natural soil and rock in the limestone belt of the Chotanagpur
plateau, with its high calcium content, strengthens the bones and provides energy to the
people of the area, making them well-suited for playing hockey. The sport has become a
cultural identity for tribal communities such as the Orams, Kharia, Munda, and Bhuniya,
and even elderly people in these villages can be seen playing the game.
Three players from Sundergarh – Deep Grace Ekka, Amit Rohidas, and Birendra Lakra –
represented India at the@thehindu444
JOIN Tokyo Olympics inor
2021. The Odisha government has also
Thenewsmaster
organized a series of promotional events to encourage public interest in the sport and the
trophy of the Hockey World Cup toured 16 states before arriving in Odisha on 27
December.
Support for Indian Hockey Team
Prior to the inauguration of the Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium, CM Naveen Patnaik met
with the Indian Hockey Team and pledged to award Rs 1 Crore to each member of the
team if they win the Hockey World Cup 2023. This commitment demonstrates the state
government’s support for the team and its belief in their ability to succeed on the
international stage.
Schemes of Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
The Centre has approved the continuation of schemes of the Ministry of Development of
Northeastern Region (DoNER) with an outlay of Rs 12,882 crore for the balance period of
the 15th Finance Commission (2022-23 to 2025-26).
DoNER Minister G Kishan Reddy announced at a press conference that the approved
schemes will be extended for the balance period of the 15th Finance Commission, a
decision that was made at a meeting of the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi on Wednesday. The extension will allow for better planning in terms of
project selection and front-loading of projects during the scheme period.
Outlays for Specific DoNER Schemes
The outlay for the North East Special Infrastructure Scheme (NESIDS) will be Rs 8,139.5
crore, including the committed liabilities of ongoing projects, according to the Expenditure
Finance Committee’s recommendations. The outlay for the ‘Schemes of NEC’ will be Rs
3,202.7 crore, including the committed liabilities of ongoing projects. The outlay for special
packages for the Bodoland Territorial Council, the Dima Hasao Autonomous Territorial
Council, and the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Territorial Council in Assam is Rs 1,540 crore,
including the committed liabilities of ongoing projects.
NESIDS, a central sector scheme with 100% central funding, has been restructured to
include two components: NESIDS (roads) and NESIDS (other than road infrastructure).
Objectives of DoNER Ministry Schemes
The DoNER ministry’s schemes aim to supplement the efforts of various central
ministries and departments on one hand and address the needs of the North-
eastern states on the other hand, for uncovered development and welfare activities.
The schemes provide gap-filling support to the eight states in the region based on
their felt needs by taking up projects that develop infrastructure to mitigate

connectivity and social sector deficits, and enhance livelihood and employment
opportunities in the region.
The five pillars of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan for a self-reliant India –
economy, infrastructure, system, vibrant demography, and demand – will also get a
boost through the DoNER schemes, according to Reddy.
Budget Allocations for DoNER Schemes
The actual expenditure
JOINin @thehindu444
the last four years under
or DoNER schemes was Rs 7,534.46 crore,
Thenewsmaster
while the fund available for expenditure in the next four years until 2025-26 is Rs 19,482.2
crore. There has been a 370% increase in the average annual budget allocation, totaling Rs
9,970 crore, in the last eight years compared to the average annual budget allocation of Rs
2,122 crore during 2009-14.
Infrastructure Development in the North-eastern Region
Efforts have been made to improve infrastructure in the Northeastern region, with a
focus on improving connectivity. For improving railway connectivity, Rs 51,019 crore
have been spent since 2014. A total of 19 new projects worth Rs 77,930 crore have
been sanctioned.
For improving road connectivity, 375 projects worth Rs 1.05 lakh crore are underway.
In the next three years, the government will lay 9,476 kilometers of roads under 209
projects, with the Centre spending Rs 1,06,004 crore on this effort.
Air connectivity has also improved significantly in the Northeastern region. In the last
eight years, the number of airports in the region has increased from 9 to 17, and air
traffic movement has increased by over 200%.
In addition to infrastructure development, the DoNER ministry is also working on various
other initiatives to boost the region’s development, including promoting
entrepreneurship, skill development, and tourism.
Varanasi Cantt railway station bags 'Eat Right Station' Certification
Indian Railways’ Varanasi Cantt Railway Station has been awarded a 5-star “Eat Right
Station” certification for providing high-quality, nutritious food to passengers. This

certification is granted by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) to
railway stations that adhere to standard food storage and hygiene practices.
What is the “Eat Right Station” Certification?
The “Eat Right Station” certification is awarded by FSSAI to railway stations that set
benchmarks in providing safe and wholesome food to passengers. A third-party audit
agency, empaneled by FSSAI, conducts the certification process and rates the stations on a
scale of 1 to 5. A 5-star rating indicates full compliance by the station to ensure safe and
hygienic food is available to passengers.
What is the “Eat Right India” Movement?
The “Eat Right Station” certification is part of the “Eat Right India” movement, a large-
scale effort by FSSAI to transform the country’s food system to ensure safe, healthy, and
sustainable food for all Indians. Eat Right India adopts a mix of regulatory, capacity
building, collaborative, and empowerment approaches to ensure that our food is suitable
both for people and the planet.
What is the need of this initiative?
Today, in fast-paced environment, working professionals and students are spending
majority of their time at the workplace or college campus. Long working hours, long
client meetings and classes coupled with short deadlines are increasing the time
spent at these places. Thus, they are left with little time left for eating healthy or
exercising. Most
JOIN people eat at least oneor
@thehindu444 mealThenewsmaster
in campus settings. But, eating safe
and healthy food is significant in the light of increasing number of foods borne
diseases, non-communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension and heart related
diseases.
In India, 196 million people are undernourished. Furthermore, 135 million are
overweight or obese. Number of foodborne illnesses are also increasing year by
year. Thus, this initiative is a significant step to ensure safe and nutritious food.
Other 5-Star “Eat Right” Certified Railway Stations
Varanasi Cantt Railway Station is not the only railway station in India to have received the
5-star “Eat Right” certification. Other stations with this distinction include:
1. Anand Vihar Terminal Railway Station (Delhi)
2. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Mumbai)
3. Mumbai Central Railway Station (Mumbai)
4. Vadodara Railway Station
5. Chandigarh Railway Station
6. Bhopal Railway Station
The “Eat Right Station” certification is a testament to the efforts of Varanasi Cantt Railway
Station to provide high-quality, nutritious food to its passengers. Along with other 5-star
certified stations, it is setting an example for food safety and sustainability in the Indian
railway system.
New electrolyte to help better ammonia synthesis

Ammonia synthesis is an important process for industries producing green energy or
hydrogen. However, the electrochemical ammonia synthesis process has been limited by
the poor solubility of nitrogen (N2) in an aqueous electrolyte environment, as well as the
competitive hydrogen evolution reaction.
In an effort to address these issues, scientists from the Institute of Nano Science and
Technology (INST) in Mohali, India have developed a new electrolyte called sodium
tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) that not only acts as an N2 carrier in the medium, but also
functions as a full-fledged “co-catalyst” with active material transition metal-doped
nanocarbon (MnN4) to produce high yields of ammonia (NH3) under ambient
experimental conditions.
Current Challenges in Ammonia Synthesis:
The electrochemical reduction of N2, also known as the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
(NRR), is critical for the production of ammonia. However, researchers have faced
several challenges in achieving this reaction in an aqueous electrolyte environment.
One major obstacle is the poor solubility of N2 in water, which limits the efficiency of
the NRR. In addition, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) competes with the NRR,
reducing the overall yield of ammonia. As a result, scientists have mainly focused on
catalyst development to overcome these challenges, while the improvement of
electrolytes has remained in its infancy.
According toJOIN
a recent report, 90.7% of or
@thehindu444 research on NRR has focused on catalyst
Thenewsmaster
development, while only 4.7% has been devoted to electrolyte improvement.
New Electrolyte
To address these challenges, the scientists at INST have developed a new electrolyte
called sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) that not only acts as an N2 carrier in the
medium, but also functions as a “co-catalyst” with MnN4 to produce high yields of
NH3 under ambient conditions.
The high production rate of NH3 reached industrial scale and exceeded the
performance of other standard catalysts in other electrolyte media.
The source of NH3 was found to be primarily from the electrochemical reduction of
purged N2 gas in the N2-saturated electrolyte.
This research, published in the journal PNAS, represents a novel approach to addressing
the long-standing issues of N2 solubility in aqueous media and achieving industrial-scale
NH3 production via NRR under ambient conditions. The development of the aqueous
electrolyte NaBF4 is an important step towards improving the performance of
electrocatalysts for NRR and could encourage further research on electrolyte design. A
patent has been filed for this work, and the scientists are now working towards
developing an electrolyzer for rapid NH3 production at an industrial scale.
Startup India Innovation Week
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) will be organizing
the Startup India Innovation Week from January 10th to January 16th, 2023. This event is
part of the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations and will take place in over 75 locations
across the country.
“Startup India Innovation Week 2023 aims to engage startup ecosystem stakeholders
across the nation during 10 January-16 January and spur the spirit of entrepreneurship
and innovation in India,” the Ministry of Commerce & Industry said in a release.
Events and Workshops
The Startup India Innovation Week will include a variety of events and workshops for
entrepreneurs, aspiring entrepreneurs, and other enablers. These will involve relevant
stakeholders from the startup ecosystem, such as government officials, incubators,
corporates, and investors. Some of the events and workshops that will be held during the
week include:
Dedicated workshops for women entrepreneurs
Training for incubators
Mentorship workshops
Stakeholder round tables
Conferences
Capacity building workshops
Startup pitching sessions
Start-up India Scheme
The Start-up India scheme was launched on January 16, 2016 by the Department for
Promotion of Industry
JOINand Internal Trade with
@thehindu444 orthe goal of supporting and promoting
Thenewsmaster
start-ups in India. The scheme, which was inaugurated by the former finance minister
Arun Jaitley, aims to remove restrictive state government policies such as the License Raj,
foreign investment proposals, land permissions, and environmental clearances.
Three Pillars of the Start-up India Scheme
The Start-up India scheme is based on three pillars:
1. Funding Support and Incentives: The scheme provides funding support and
incentives to various start-ups in India.
2. Industry-Academia Partnership and Incubation: The scheme promotes
partnerships and incubation between industry and academia to encourage
innovation and entrepreneurship.
3. Simplification and Handholding: The scheme simplifies processes and provides
support to start-ups to help them navigate the early stages of operation.
Benefits of the Scheme
There are several key benefits to the Start-up India scheme, including:
Reduced patent registration fees
Improved Bankruptcy Code with a 90-day exit window
Freedom from inspections and capital gain tax during the first three years of
operation
The creation of an innovation hub under the Atal Innovation Mission
Encouragement of entrepreneurship across India
National Startup Day
To commemorate National Startup Day on January 16th, the DPIIT will be hosting the
felicitation ceremony for the winners of the National Startup Awards 2022.
This flagship initiative under the Startup India program recognizes and rewards the
excellence demonstrated by startups and ecosystem enablers in a variety of sectors,
sub-sectors, and categories.
Overall, the Startup India Innovation Week provides a valuable platform for the country’s
startup community to come together, share ideas, and collaborate towards the promotion
of entrepreneurship and innovation in India.
Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship Mela (PMNAM)
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has announced that the Pradhan
Mantri National Apprenticeship Mela (PMNAM) will be held on January 9th, 2023. The
event will be held in 242 districts across states and union territories, and is open to all
individuals who are interested in pursuing apprenticeship training with local businesses.
Registration for PMNAM is now open on the official website, apprenticeshipindia.gov.in.
Interested candidates are encouraged to register as soon as possible in order to secure a
spot at the event.
Opportunities for Youth
PMNAM offers a unique opportunity for local youth to shape their careers through
apprenticeship training. Participating businesses will have the chance to meet potential
apprentices on a single
JOINplatform and choose applicants
@thehindu444 on the spot, providing them with
or Thenewsmaster
an opportunity to strengthen their livelihood and learn new skills.
The government is aiming to train 1 million youth per year through this initiative and
platform. In addition to the valuable on-the-job training that will be provided, candidates
will also earn National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET)-recognized
certifications upon completion of the training session. This will help to improve their
employability and increase their chances of finding long-term employment.
Eligibility and Requirements
To be eligible for PMNAM, candidates must have successfully cleared class 5 to class 12
and must have skill training certificates, or ITI diploma holders or graduates. In addition to
their educational qualifications, candidates must also bring several documents to the
event, including three copies of their resume, three copies of all marksheets and
certificates, a photo ID (such as an Aadhaar card, driving license, or PAN card), and three
passport size photographs.
PMNAM is a fantastic opportunity for local youth to gain valuable on-the-job training and
earn NCVET-recognized certifications. With the participation of several local businesses,
candidates will have the chance to choose the best employer for their needs, while
businesses will have the chance to select the most suitable candidates.
Kerala: WhatsApp grievance redress mechanism for industries
The industries department of the Kerala government has launched a new system for
entrepreneurs to submit complaints or seek redressals using WhatsApp. This temporary
solution will be in place until the statutory grievance settlement mechanism is put into
effect.
Details of the Complaint System
Complaint messages will be attended to within 10 minutes of submission.
Complainees will be contacted through the relevant district.
The goal is to resolve all complaints within seven days of submission.
The system will have both district-level and state-level operations.
Other Support for Entrepreneurs in Kerala
The Margin Money Grant for nano units has been utilized by 56 entrepreneurs, 42 of
whom are women.
A total of Rs 1.59 crore has been disbursed during the current financial year.
88 units have received subsidy support totaling Rs 2.44 crore under the Prime
Minister’s Employment Generation Programme.
84 units have taken advantage of the entrepreneurs’ support programme, with a

total of Rs 6.95 crore being disbursed during the period 2022-23.
The Kerala government is dedicated to providing resources and support to entrepreneurs
in the state, and the introduction of the WhatsApp complaint system is just one example
of their efforts.
Village Defence Committees
After militants killed six people in two days in the Upper Dangri village of Jammu and
Kashmir this Sunday and Monday,
JOIN locals have or
@thehindu444 demanded that they be provided weapons
Thenewsmaster
to take on attackers. Responding to the demands, Lt Governor Manoj Sinha on January 2
assured the people that they would get a Village Defence Committee (VDC) on the lines of
those in Doda district. The same was echoed by Director General of Police Dilbagh Singh,
who visited the village, on the outskirts of Rajouri town, after the twin attacks.
What is a VDC?
The VDCs were first formed in the erstwhile Doda district (now Kishtwar, Doda and
Ramban districts) in mid 1990s as a force multiplier against militant attacks. The then
Jammu and Kashmir administration decided to provide residents of remote hilly villages
with weapons and give them arms training to defend themselves.
How are Village Defence Guards (VDG) different from VDCs?
The VDCs have now been renamed as Village Defence Guards (VDG). The new scheme to
set up VDGs in vulnerable areas of J&K was approved by the Union Ministry of Home
Affairs in March last year. Like a VDC member, each VDG will be provided a gun and 100
rounds of ammunition. Both VDG and VDC are groups of civilians provided guns and
ammunition to tackle militants in case of attack until the arrival of security forces.
Under the new scheme, the persons leading the VDGs will be paid Rs 4,500 per month by
the government, while others will get Rs 4,000 each. In the VDCs, only the Special Police
Officers (SPOs) leading them were provided a remuneration, of Rs 1,500 monthly. The
SPOs, the lowest rank in the J&K Police, used to be retired army, paramilitary, or police
personnel. The VDGs, officials said, will function under the direction of the SP/SSP of the
district concerned.
What was the composition of VDCs?
A minimum of 10-15 ex-servicemen, ex-policemen, and able-bodied local youth were
enrolled in each VDC on a voluntary basis. On average, at least five of them were provided
.303 rifles and 100 rounds each, through the district Superintendent of Police. The
allotment of weapons could go up depending on the credentials of the volunteers, the
total population of a village, and its security requirements, as assessed by the district
magistrate and SSP concerned.
Why was the need to set up VDCs felt?
The militancy that began in Kashmir in the early 1990s had spread to the adjoining Doda
district by mid 1990s. The demand for arming the civilian population first arose after the
massacre of 13 people in Kishtwar in 1993. As the killings increased, prompting the
migration of Hindus from villages to nearby towns, the Home Ministry in 1995 decided to
set up the VDCs to stop this exodus, coming after Kashmiri Pandits were forced to flee the
state in the early 1990s.
Fay Weldon: A Pioneering Feminist Writer
Fay Weldon was an English author, essayist, and playwright known for her work as a self-
declared feminist. Throughout her 55-year career, she published 31 novels, including “The
Life and Loves of a She-Devil,” which was televised by the BBC in 1986.
Early Life
Weldon was bornJOINFranklin@thehindu444
Birkinshaw in Birmingham, England, on September 22, 1931.
or Thenewsmaster
Her family had a literary background, with her maternal grandfather, uncle, and mother
all publishing novels. Weldon and her sister Jane spent their summers with their father in
New Zealand, where he worked as a doctor. In 1936, when Weldon was five, her parents
separated and later divorced in 1940. Weldon attended Christchurch Girls’ High School
before returning to England with her mother and sister in 1946.
In England, Weldon won a scholarship to South Hampstead High School, an all-girls
school, before going on to study psychology and economics at the University of St.
Andrews in Scotland. She completed her Master of Arts in 1952 and moved to London,
where she worked as a clerk at the Foreign Office.
Early Career
After leaving the Foreign Office, Weldon took temporary jobs as a waitress and hospital
ward orderly before working at Crawford’s Advertising Agency. There, she worked with
the writer Elizabeth Smart and was eventually promoted to head of copywriting at Ogilvy,
Benson & Mather. While working in advertising, Weldon created the slogan “Go to work
on an egg” and “Vodka gets you drunker quicker.”
Writing Career
Weldon began her writing career in the late 1960s with the publication of her first novel,
“The Fat Woman’s Joke.” She continued to write and publish throughout the following
decades, producing a total of 31 novels, including “Puffball,” “The Cloning of Joanna May,”
“Wicked Women,” and “The Bulgari Connection.”
Feminism in Weldon’s Work
Weldon was a self-declared feminist and her work often featured “overweight, plain
women” as the heroines. In an unpublished article for the Daily Mail, she wrote about how
her own experiences as an “overweight, plain” woman influenced her writing and led her
to become a feminist. She believed that there were many reasons for women to be
feminists, including the lack of equal opportunities and the myth that women were
supported by male relatives.
Legacy
Fay Weldon passed away on January 4, 2023, leaving behind a legacy as a pioneering
feminist writer. Throughout her career, she published 31 novels and was known for her
work featuring “overweight, plain women” and for her self-declared feminism.
Freedom Caucus Group
On January 4 and Thursday January 5, Republicans in the House of Representatives failed
to elect a leader, with a faction of holdouts, largely from the ultra-conservative, hard-right
Freedom Caucus, refusing to vote for nominee Kevin McCarthy (R-CA). This marks the first
time since 1923 that a nominee of the majority party in the House hasn’t been able to win
the first vote for the position of Speaker.
The Freedom Caucus, which comprises roughly 30 members and emerged from the Tea
Party movement, is known for its fiscally conservative and right-wing populist positions.
This includes a desire for lower taxes, budget cuts, decentralization of government
powers, and opposition
JOIN to immigration. The or
@thehindu444 caucus has also been labelled “nativist,”
Thenewsmaster
“anti-globalist,” and “white supremacist” by observers.
In 2016, the Freedom Caucus threw its support behind Donald Trump’s presidential
campaign and has been described as “more populist and nationalist, but less bound by
policy principles.” However, despite Trump’s own support for McCarthy as Speaker
candidate, many in the Freedom Caucus have opposed McCarthy’s bid.
Why is the Freedom Caucus Opposing McCarthy?
It is unclear exactly why the Freedom Caucus is opposed to McCarthy’s bid for House
Speaker. Some speculate that the group is seeking to exert more influence within the
party and to push it further to the right. Others believe that the opposition may be
personal, with McCarthy’s leadership style and management of the caucus coming into
question.
It is also worth noting that nearly all of the lawmakers who voted against McCarthy have
made statements casting doubt on the validity of the 2020 election. Fourteen of the 15
incumbents who voted against McCarthy were among the 139 House Republicans who
voted to overturn the 2020 Electoral College results on January 6, 2021.
Who Are the Members of the Freedom Caucus?
The Freedom Caucus is made up of a mix of both long-serving and newly-elected
members of the House of Representatives. Some notable members include Jim Jordan (R-
OH) and Andy Biggs (R-AZ), both of whom have been vocal in their opposition to
McCarthy’s bid for Speaker.
What Happens Next?
It is currently unclear what the next steps will be for the Republican Party in the House of
Representatives. McCarthy has stated that he will continue to seek the position of Speaker,
but it remains to be seen if he will be able to garner enough support from his own party.
Some have called for a new nominee to be put forward, while others have suggested that
a compromise candidate could be sought.
In the meantime, the failure to elect a leader marks a significant embarrassment for the
GOP and leaves the party in disarray. It remains to be seen how the situation will be
resolved and what impact it will have on the party’s ability to function effectively in the
coming months.
India's Pranesh M Becomes Youngest Grandmaster at 16
India has gained its 79th Grandmaster with the title being awarded to 16-year-old Pranesh
M from Tamil Nadu. Pranesh achieved the required 2500 ELO rating and won the Rilton
Cup in the final round of the competition, which featured 136 players representing 29
national federations. Pranesh finished in first place, while his compatriot and fellow
Grandmaster, R Raja Rithvik, finished in eighth place with six points.
Pranesh’s Road to Grandmaster Status
Pranesh won his first norm at the 18th Delhi GM Open in January 2020 and his second
norm at the Sunway Sitges International Chess Festival in Spain in December 2021. In
November 2022, he won his third norm at the Asian Continental Chess Championship in
Stockholm, Sweden, finally@thehindu444
JOIN achieving the required
or ELO rating to become a Grandmaster.
Thenewsmaster
Reactions to Pranesh’s Accomplishment
Pranesh received praise on social media for his achievement, including a special mention
from India’s first Grandmaster and five-time World Champion, Viswanathan Anand, who
tweeted, “Congratulations to GM Pranesh on an excellent performance. He won with an
incredible score. We have added three grandmasters in quick succession…” Pranesh’s
coach, RB Ramesh, also praised him, stating, “Pranesh is a very practical player. Hard
working, raw talent… his openings are not that good but his middle-game and end-game
skills are quite good.”
FIDE Circuit Leader
With 6.8 circuit points, Pranesh is currently the leader of the FIDE Circuit. Qualification for
the 2024 FIDE Candidates is determined by the accumulation of the most points by the
end of the year.
January 7, 2023
World's first Palm-leaf Manuscript Museum in Kerala
The recently opened Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum in Thiruvananthapuram has added to
the cultural and intellectual life of the state of Kerala. The museum, which is the world’s
first of its kind, contains 187 manuscripts and other artefacts related to the former
Travancore kingdom from 650 AD until the end of the 19th century. It also has documents
from the regions of Kochi and Malabar.
Exhibits at the Museum
The museum’s exhibits include palm leaf manuscripts, styluses, carriers for Cadjan
bundles, copper plates, and bamboo splints. The museum is divided into eight galleries,
each focused on a different aspect of Travancore history, including “History of Writing,”
“Land and People,” “Administration,” “War and Peace,” “Education and Health,”
“Economy,” “Art and Culture,” and “Mathilakam Records.” Some galleries also include
films and QR code technology for gathering additional information.
The museum is particularly notable for its manuscripts, which are written on cured and
treated palm leaves and contain primary source material on a variety of topics. One of the
most famous manuscripts is the account of the Battle of Colachel, in which Travancore’s
Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch East India Company in 1741. This
battle put a halt to Dutch expansion in India and cemented Travancore’s place as a major
power in the region.
The museum is divided into eight galleries representing different segments of Travancore
history: ‘History of Writing’, ‘Land and people’, ‘Administration’, ‘War and peace’,
‘Education and Health’, ‘Economy’, ‘Art and culture’, and ‘Mathilakam Records’. These
galleries also include films and QR code technologies for gathering information.
Conservation Efforts
The Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum was created as part of a larger conservation effort by
the state of Kerala. The museum is located in a three-century-old building that is home to
the Central Archives for the
JOIN state government.or
@thehindu444 The Thenewsmaster
first phase of the museum’s collection
was selected from 1.5 crore (15 million) palm leaf records that had been poorly preserved
throughout the state.
According to Dr. V. Venu, the State Additional Chief Secretary and former Director General
of the National Museum in Delhi, the manuscripts at the museum provide important
information on the development of writing in the area, including the evolution of the
Malayalam script from earlier systems like Vattezhuthu and Kolezhuthu. They also offer
insights into the complex administrative systems, proclamations of the Travancore royals,
and international negotiations and agreements that shaped the kingdom’s history.
The Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum is a valuable resource for both general visitors and
specialized researchers. It offers a glimpse into the rich history of the Travancore kingdom
and helps to fill in gaps in our understanding of Kerala’s past. The museum’s audio-visual
technology and multimedia exhibits make it an engaging and informative experience for
all who visit.
Aamantran Invitation Management Portal
As part of the Indian government’s e-governance initiative, the Invitation Management
Portal (www.aamantran.mod.gov.in) was launched on January 06, 2023 by Raksha Rajya
Mantri Shri Ajay Bhatt in New Delhi. This portal will allow for the extension of e-Invitations
to dignitaries and guests, as well as the online sale of tickets to the general public for
upcoming Republic and Independence Day events.
The Aamantran portal aims to make the invitation and ticketing process more user-
friendly and environmentally friendly, while also helping to bridge the gap between the
government and the general public. Minister of State for Defence, Ajay Bhatt, emphasized
the importance of the “Digital India” initiative and the commitment to ease of living for
every citizen.
Features of the Aamantran Portal
QR code-based authentication for enhanced security
Digital delivery of passes/tickets via email or SMS
Non-cancellable and non-transferrable tickets
RSVP option for passes to seek acceptance from invitees
Post event data analytics for better management of future events
Benefits of the Aamantran Portal
One of the key benefits of the Aamantran portal is the convenience it offers to both
dignitaries and the general public. Dignitaries and their guests can now easily obtain
passes for events online, while the general public can purchase tickets from
anywhere, regardless of their location.
In addition, the use of the Aamantran portal will lead to significant cost and resource
savings. By eliminating the need for printed passes and tickets, the government will
be able to save on printing costs and reduce its environmental impact. Raksha Rajya
Mantri Shri Ajay Bhatt also noted that the portal will increase the security of Republic
Day celebrations.
The launch of theJOIN
Aamantran portal marks an
@thehindu444 orimportant step in the government’s e-
Thenewsmaster
governance initiative, providing a convenient and secure platform for the issuance of e-
Invitations and the sale of tickets for upcoming national events. It is expected to greatly
benefit both dignitaries and the general public, while also bringing about cost and
resource savings for the government.
Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano
Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano, one of the world’s most active, erupted again on January 5th,
2022, releasing lava fountains and discharges of volcanic ash into the air. While the
eruption is providing a spectacle for visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, no Big
Island communities are in danger.
Current Eruption
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory detected a glow in webcam images indicating Kilauea
had begun erupting inside Halemaumau crater at the volcano’s summit caldera. The
observatory raised Kilauea’s alert level on Thursday, but on Friday morning lowered it
from warning to watch because the initial high effusion rates are declining and no
infrastructure is threatened. The observatory expects the eruption to remain in the
summit.
There is generally a three-month cooling off period before scientists consider an eruption
to be complete. It is currently unclear why both Kilauea and Mauna Loa ceased erupting at
around the same time in December 2021.
Cultural and Spiritual Significance
Volcanic eruptions hold significant cultural and spiritual meanings for native Hawaiians.
During the Mauna Loa eruption in November 2021, many Hawaiians participated in
traditional practices such as singing, chanting, and dancing in honor of Pele, the god of
fire and volcanoes.
About Kilauea Volcano
The Kilauea volcano is the most active of the five volcanoes that make up the Island of
Hawaii. It is a shield volcano, which is a type of volcano composed of fluid lava and
characterized by its vast lava flow. Kilauea has two active rift zones and a recently formed
caldera, a massive depression formed when the ground surface collapses into an emptied
magma chamber. The pit crater within Kilauea is called Halemaumau, which contained a
lava lake before it began erupting in multiple locations in 2018.
Kilauea’s Last Eruptions
This is not the first time Kilauea has erupted in recent years. It last erupted for 16 months
starting in September 2021, and for about two weeks in November 2021, Hawaii had two
volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa, spewing lava side by side. Mauna Loa had not erupted
in 38 years. Visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park were able to see lava from both
events at the same time.
Kilauea’s summit, where the current eruption is taking place, is inside Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park and away from residential communities. This is reassuring for Big Island
Mayor Mitch Roth,JOIN
who stated, “We’re feeling pretty
@thehindu444 good about where it’s at right now.”
or Thenewsmaster
The Big Island is no stranger to the dangers of living with active volcanoes. In November
2021, Mauna Loa lava came within 1.7 miles (2.7 kilometers) of a major highway
connecting the east and west sides of the island. And in 2018, a Kilauea eruption
destroyed over 700 residences.
The Five Major Volcanoes of Hawaii Island
In addition to Kilauea, the Island of Hawaii is made up of four other volcanoes: Kohala
(extinct), Mauna Kea (dormant), Hualalai (dormant), and Mauna Loa (active). The island is
currently growing due to the activity of Mauna Loa and Kilauea.
NSO First Advance Estimates of National Income
The National Statistical Office (NSO), a division of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation, has released its First Advance Estimates (FAE) of national income for the
financial year 2022-23 at both constant (2011-12) and current prices. These estimates,
which serve as essential inputs for the budgeting process, are based on limited data and
compiled using the Benchmark-Indicator Method. This involves extrapolating the
estimates from the previous year using relevant indicators that reflect the performance of
various sectors.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Real GDP, or GDP at constant (2011-12) prices, is estimated to be ₹157.60 lakh crore in
2022-23, compared to the provisional estimate of ₹147.36 lakh crore for the previous year.
This reflects a growth rate of 7.0% in 2022-23, down from 8.7% in 2021-22.
Nominal GDP, or GDP at current prices, is estimated to be ₹273.08 lakh crore in 2022-23,
compared to the provisional estimate of ₹236.65 lakh crore for the previous year. This
reflects a growth rate of 15.4% in 2022-23, down from 19.5% in 2021-22.
Sector-Wise Estimates
The sector-wise estimates for 2022-23 were compiled using a range of indicators, including
the Index of Industrial Production, financial performance of listed companies, crop and
livestock production, fish production, and transportation data from railways, civil aviation,
and major sea ports. Sales of commercial vehicles and bank deposits and credits were also
taken into account. The percentage changes in these indicators are provided in the
annexure.
Tax Revenue and Government Spending
The total tax revenue used for GDP compilation includes both non-GST and GST revenue.
The budget estimates for tax revenue in 2022-23, as provided by the Controller General of
Accounts and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, were used to estimate taxes
on products at current prices. For taxes on products at constant prices, volume
extrapolation was used based on the volume growth of taxed goods and services.
Total product subsidies were compiled using the latest information on major subsidies,
such as those for food, urea, petroleum, and nutrient-based subsidies, as well as
expenditure incurred on subsidies by most states up to November 2022. Information on
revenue expenditure, interest payments, and subsidies from the budget documents of the
central and state governments for 2022-23 were
JOIN @thehindu444 or also used to estimate government final
Thenewsmaster
consumption expenditure.
Revisions to Estimates
It is important to note that these are early projections for 2022-23 and are subject to
revision. Improved data coverage, actual tax collections and expenditure on subsidies, and
data revisions by source agencies may all impact subsequent revisions of these estimates.
The First Revised Estimates for 2021-22, due for release on 28.02.2023, may also lead to
revision in the growth rates reflected in the FAE. As such, these estimates should be
treated with caution.
Bihar Government to Conduct Caste-Based Survey
The government of Bihar, led by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, is set to begin the first phase
of a caste-based survey in the state on January 7, 2023. The survey, which is set to
conclude on May 31, 2023, will be conducted in two phases.
Phase 1: Household Count
The first phase of the survey will involve counting and recording the number of all
households in the state. This phase is set to run from January 7 to January 21, 2023 and will
be carried out by 5.24 lakh surveyors. These surveyors, who are mostly teachers,
agriculture coordinators, and government workers, will visit each of the 2.58 crore
households in urban and rural areas across all 38 districts of the state. The survey is
expected to cover an estimated population of 12.70 crore in Bihar.
Phase 2: Caste and Socio-Economic Information Collection
The second phase of the survey will take place from April 1 to April 30, 2023 and will
involve surveyors visiting each household to gather information about the caste of family
members, their socio-economic profile, and their exposure to government welfare
schemes. There will be 26 columns in the survey form for this phase, and all of the
collected data will be uploaded to a portal.
Purpose of the Survey
According to Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, the purpose of the survey is to create a detailed
record of castes and communities in the state in order to aid in their development. The
survey is expected to be particularly beneficial to the ruling parties of Bihar, the Janata Dal
(United) and the Rashtriya Janata Dal, as they have the support of many socially and
economically disadvantaged caste groups. The survey report will allow for more effective
implementation of welfare schemes for these groups.
Data Collection Methods

Data for the survey will be collected digitally through a mobile application as part of an
eight-level survey process from the panchayat to the district level. The app will include
questions about the place of residence, caste, number of people in the family, their
profession, and their annual income. Information will also be collected about family
members who are living outside the state.
Support for the Survey
The decision to conduct a caste-based survey in Bihar was approved by the state cabinet
on June 2, 2022 and was later passed unanimously by the Bihar legislative assembly.
Leaders of all political parties, including the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), met with Prime
Minister Narendra Modi to demand a caste-based census for the entire country. When the
demand was denied, the Bihar government decided to conduct their own survey and will
be sending the report to the central government.
Reserve Bank of India to Issue Sovereign Green Bonds
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced its plans to issue Sovereign Green Bonds
worth Rs 8,000 crore in two tranches on January 25 and February 9. The proceeds of the
bonds will be used to fund public sector projects aimed at reducing the carbon intensity of
India’s economy.
Details of the Bonds
The bonds will be sold in two denominations maturing in five years and ten years, worth
Rs 4,000 crore each. They will be issued through Uniform Price Auctions and 5% of the
total amount will be reserved for retail investors. The bonds will also be eligible for
Repurchase Transactions (Repo) and can be used as eligible investments for Statutory
Liquidity Ratio (SLR) purposes. Primary dealers will be able to participate in the auction
through the “Revised Scheme of Underwriting Commitment and Liquidity Support” issued
by the RBI.
Government Borrowing Plans
The Indian government had previously announced its intention to raise Rs 16,000 crore
through sovereign green bonds as part of its second half borrowing calendar. The bonds
will be part of the government’s overall Rs 5.92 lakh crore borrowing target for the second
half of the year.
Framework for Sovereign Green Bonds
In November of last year, the government released a framework for sovereign Green
Bonds. The framework established a committee headed by the Chief Economic Adviser to
select eligible projects for financing. The payment of principal and interest on the bonds
will not be dependent on the performance of the selected projects, meaning that investors
will not bear any project-related risks. The eligible expenditures for the bonds will be
limited to government expenditures that occurred a maximum of 12 months prior to
issuance, with the goal of allocating the proceeds to projects within 24 months of
issuance.
FAO Food price index
According to a report released by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) on January 6, world food prices reached a record high in 2022, despite experiencing
a ninth consecutive monthly fall in December.
Record Highs in 2022
The FAO’s food price index, which tracks international prices of the most globally traded
food commodities, averaged 143.7 points in 2022, marking a 14.3% increase from 2021 and
the highest level since records began in 1990. The index had already gained 28% in 2021
from the previous JOIN
year as @thehindu444
the world economy recovered from the impact of the pandemic.
or Thenewsmaster
December Decline
In December, the benchmark index fell to 132.4 points, compared with 135.00 points in
November. This decline was attributed to a drop in the international price of vegetable
oils, as well as some declines in cereal and meat prices, but was offset by slight increases
in sugar and dairy prices. Despite this month-on-month decrease, four of the FAO’s five
food sub-indexes – cereals, meat, dairy, and vegetable oils – reached record highs in 2022,
while the sugar sub-index hit a 10-year high.
Impact on Poor Countries
The FAO predicted last year that the rising costs of food imports would lead poorer
countries to reduce the volume of shipped goods. The Cereal Price Index, in particular,
rose 17.9% in 2022 due to factors including market disruptions, higher energy and input
costs, adverse weather conditions, and continued strong global food demand.
Efforts to Mitigate Rising Costs
In an effort to mitigate the impact of these rising costs, the U.N. established a grain export
channel from Ukraine in 2021. This, along with the prospect of improved supplies in
producing countries, has helped to partially offset the initial surge in food prices caused
by the Ukraine conflict.
Overall, despite experiencing a consecutive monthly fall in December, the FAO’s food price
index reached a record high in 2022, driven by the conflict in Ukraine and a range of other
factors including market disruptions, higher energy and input costs, adverse weather
conditions, and strong global food demand. The rising cost of food imports is likely to
impact poorer countries, leading them to reduce the volume of shipped goods. However,
initiatives such as the U.N.-backed grain export channel from Ukraine and the prospect of
improved supplies in producing countries may help to mitigate some of these rising costs.
BIS Portal for mapping of Industrial Units and Labs
Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal emphasized the importance of
quality in India’s development at the 76th Foundation Day of the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) in New Delhi. Goyal pointed out that developed nations that adopted a
focus on quality in their early stages of development progressed faster and were able to
engage with the world from a position of strength, leading to high quality products,
goods, and services, and ultimately, a higher quality of life for their citizens.
Goyal launched several initiatives at the BIS Foundation Day event, including a portal for
mapping industrial units and laboratories, standard clubs in schools, the Standards
National Action Plan 2022-27, and revised versions of the National Building Code of India
and the National Electrical Code of India.
Portal for Mapping Industrial Units and Laboratories
The portal launched by Goyal serves as a central platform for information on industrial
units and laboratories across India. It will allow for analysis of test facilities in the country
and provide entrepreneurs with access to information about testing facilities.
Standard Clubs in Schools
The BIS also aimsJOINto expose science studentsor
@thehindu444 in grades 9 and above to the concepts of
Thenewsmaster
quality and standardization through student-centric activities with the establishment of
standard clubs in schools. So far, over 4,000 standard clubs have been established across
India, with a target of 10,000 by the end of 2022-23.
Standards National Action Plan 2022-27
The Standards National Action Plan (SNAP) 2022-27 aims to strengthen the quality culture
in India and serve as a foundation for standardization to meet the emerging technologies
and concerns of sustainability and climate change. Goyal stated that the SNAP “lays down
the roadmap on which we will all have to work to make quality a part of the very thinking
and philosophy of every citizen in our country.”
Revised National Building Code of India
Through the National Building Code Sectional Committee, the BIS is initiating the revision
of the National Building Code of India to include sustainable city planning norms, new and
sustainable building materials, design concepts, construction technologies, and building
and plumbing services.
Revised National Electrical Code of India
The revised National Electrical Code of India, set to launch in 2023, aims to regulate
electrical installation practices across the country. India’s first National Electrical Code was
formulated in 1985 and revised in 2011. The revised NEC includes new chapters on
requirements for electrical installations in special locations such as hospitals, community
facilities, hotels, swimming pools, amusement parks, supplies for electric vehicles, and
multi-storied buildings.
Zero Effect, Zero Defect
Goyal also referred to the prime minister’s call for zero effect, zero defect, stating that it
will help the country produce high-quality goods and services for the benefit of its citizens.
He emphasized the importance of zero defects as the “urgent call of the hour.”
In conclusion, Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal emphasized the
importance of quality in the development of India at the 76th Foundation Day of the
Bureau of Indian Standards. Goyal launched several initiatives, including a portal for
mapping industrial units and laboratories, standard clubs in schools, the Standards
National Action Plan 2022-27, and revised versions of the National Building Code of India
and the National Electrical Code of India. These initiatives aim to promote a focus on
quality and standardization in the country and contribute to the overall development and
progress of India.
Military Tattoo & Tribal Dance Festival

Aadi Shaurya – Parv Parakram Ka, a Military Tattoo and Tribal Dance Festival, will be held
at Jawaharlal Nehru stadium in New Delhi on January 23 and 24, 2023. This event is being
organized by the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, with the Indian
Coast Guard serving as the coordinating agency.
Overview of the Festival
As part of the Republic Day Celebrations 2023 and to mark the 126th birth anniversary of
Netaji Subhas Chandra
JOINBose (celebrated as Parakram
@thehindu444 Diwas), this festival will showcase
or Thenewsmaster
the prowess of the Armed Forces and the ethnic beauty of India’s tribal culture. The
festival is free to attend, with tickets available through www.bookmyshow.com.
Festival Program
The festival program includes a Military Tattoo featuring paramotor gliding, hot air
ballooning, a horse show, a motor cycle display, an air warrior drill, and a performance by
the Navy Band. There will also be an hour of traditional dance performances by tribal
artists from across the country, including the Khukhri Dance, Gatka, Mallakhamb,
Kalaripaytu, and Thangta. The grand finale will feature a performance by famous singer
Shri Kailash Kher.
Festival Goals and Objectives
The aim of the festival is to remember the sacrifices of India’s bravehearts and celebrate
the rich cultural heritage that makes the country so unique and diverse. The festival also
aims to celebrate the bravery of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, embrace the true spirit of
India, and renew the commitment to building a strong and prosperous “New India.”
Festival Organizers
The Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs are jointly organizing the Aadi
Shaurya – Parv Parakram Ka festival, with the Indian Coast Guard serving as the
coordinating agency. This event is sure to be a memorable and enjoyable celebration of
India’s Armed Forces and cultural heritage.
122-Foot-Tall Polo Player Statue Unveiled in Manipur

Recently, a 122-foot-tall statue of a polo player astride a Manipur Pony was unveiled in
Imphal, Manipur as part of Home Minister Amit Shah’s programme in the state. The
Marjing Polo Complex, which has been in the works for several years, aims to conserve the
Manipur Pony breed, which is indigenous to the region and holds significant cultural
importance for Manipuri society.
Polo Game Sagol Kangjei Originated in Manipur
Modern polo is believed to have originated from Sagol Kangjei, a sport indigenous to
Manipur in which players ride the Manipur Pony. Shah tweeted about the inauguration of
the Marjing Polo Complex, stating, “It is believed that Sagol Kangjei, the modern-day Polo
game originated in Manipur. Today, inaugurated a 122 feet Marjing Polo Complex in
Imphal. This will surely take the legacy forward and inspire more youngsters toward the
game.” The Marjing Polo Complex and the unveiling of the statue are meant to inspire
more young people to take up the sport and continue the legacy of Sagol Kangjei.
Manipur Pony Numbers Dwindling
The small and dwindling numbers of the Manipur Pony have been a cause for concern.
The 17th Quinquennial Livestock Census in 2003 recorded 1,898 Manipur Ponies; this
number fell to 1,101 in the 19th Quinquennial Livestock Census in 2012. When the
Manipuri Pony Society conducted a survey in the state in 2014, they found it difficult to
count even 500 of the animals. “There were some remote parts we could not reach, so I
can say that at most
JOINthere might be around
@thehindu444 or600,” said N Ibungochoubi, writer and
Thenewsmaster
secretary of the Manipur Equestrian Association. The Marjing Polo Complex aims to
conserve the Manipur Pony breed and has been developed as a way to do so.
Development of Marjing Pony Sanctuary as Tourist Destination
While the unveiling of the 122-foot-tall statue and the development of the Marjing Polo
Complex have been met with excitement, some have expressed scepticism about the
development of the Marjing Pony Sanctuary as a tourist destination. Despite this, the
inauguration of the statue and the opening of the Marjing Polo Complex highlight the
cultural significance of both polo and the Manipur Pony in the state of Manipur.
Orthodox Christmas
Christmas is a time of celebration and joy for many people around the world, but for
Orthodox Christians, the date on which they celebrate this holiday can vary depending on
which calendar they follow. While the majority of Western countries celebrate Christmas
on December 25 according to the Gregorian calendar, Orthodox Christians follow the
Julian calendar and celebrate on January 7. This distinction has long been a source of
tension between Orthodox groups, and has been brought into the spotlight this year by
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s call for a temporary 36-hour ceasefire in Ukraine so
that Orthodox followers can attend Christmas services.
The Orthodox Church
Orthodox Christians are estimated to number between 200 and 300 million people
globally, and are found in countries including Russia, Ukraine, and Greece, which are
majority-Orthodox and belong to the Eastern Orthodox branch. There are also significant
Orthodox communities in Egypt and Ethiopia, most of whom belong to the smaller
Oriental Orthodox branch.
The Great Schism and the Julian calendar
The split between the Orthodox Church and the Western Church, known as the Great
Schism, took place in 1054 and was the result of years of increasing tensions over religious
and political differences. As a result of this split, Orthodox Christians did not adopt the
Gregorian calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, which standardized Christian
holidays and placed the birth of Jesus Christ on December 25. Instead, they continued to
follow the Julian calendar, which is why they celebrate Christmas on January 7.
The rift between the Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox churches
In recent years, a large part of the Orthodox community in Ukraine has sought to distance
itself from Moscow and establish an independent Orthodox Church. This movement was
accelerated by the conflict in eastern Ukraine that began in 2014 and was further
strengthened in 2018 when Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople, the spiritual
leader of Eastern Orthodox believers worldwide, endorsed the establishment of an
independent Orthodox Church of Ukraine and revoked a centuries-old agreement that
granted the Patriarch in Moscow authority over churches in the country.
In January 2019, Bartholomew signed a decree called a “tomos” that officially granted
independence to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, severing its ties with the Russian
church. This decision
JOINhas @thehindu444
infuriated Putin, whoor
hasThenewsmaster
made the restoration of the so-called
“Russian world” a centerpiece of his foreign policy and has dismissed Ukrainian national
identity as illegitimate.
The Ongoing conflict in Ukraine
The conflict in Ukraine, which began in 2014 and escalated into a full-scale war in 2015, has
only exacerbated the rift between the Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox churches. In
October of this year, a branch of Ukraine’s Orthodox Church announced that it would
allow its churches to celebrate Christmas on December 25 rather than January 7. This
decision was met with criticism from the Russian Orthodox Church, which accused the
Ukrainian Church of attempting to “legitimize the breakaway process.”
Putin’s call for a ceasefire
In the midst of this ongoing conflict, Putin’s call for a temporary 36-hour ceasefire in
Ukraine so that Orthodox followers can attend Christmas services has been met with
skepticism and accusations of hypocrisy. Ukrainian officials have described the proposal
as “propaganda,” and shelling has continued from both sides.
The rift between the Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox churches, which has its roots in the
Great Schism of 1054 and has been further exacerbated by the ongoing conflict in
Ukraine, has once again been brought into the spotlight with Putin’s call for a ceasefire to
allow Orthodox followers to celebrate Christmas. While the majority of Western countries
celebrate Christmas on December 25, Orthodox Christians follow the Julian calendar and
mark the holiday on January 7.
Sania Mirza to Retire from Professional Tennis

India’s former doubles World No. 1 champion, Sania Mirza, has announced that she will
retire from professional tennis in February at the WTA 1000 event in Dubai. The 36-year-
old has had a successful career, winning six Grand Slam doubles titles and becoming the
first Indian to win a WTA singles title when she won the Hyderabad event in 2005. Mirza
reached a career-high ranking of world number 27 and is regarded as her country’s
greatest women’s tennis player.
Earlier Retirement Plans
Mirza had originally planned to retire at the end of the 2022 season, but an elbow injury in
August forced her to miss the US Open and led to her deciding to bring forward her
retirement plans. “I really don’t have the capacity in my mind to emotionally push that
much anymore,” Mirza said in an interview with the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA). “I
turned pro in 2003…Priorities change, and now my priority is not to push my body to the
limit every single day.”

Injuries and Final Major Appearance
Injuries have plagued Mirza in recent years, including a lingering calf injury. She will make
her final appearance at a Grand Slam event in January at the Australian Open, where she
will play in the women’s doubles alongside Kazakhstan’s Anna Danilina. Mirza won the
women’s doubles title at the Australian Open in 2016.
After Retirement
After retiring fromJOIN
professional tennis, Mirza will
@thehindu444 orfocus on her academics in Dubai, where
Thenewsmaster
she has lived with her husband, former Pakistan cricketer Shoaib Malik, for over a decade.
Mixed Doubles Success
In addition to her success in women’s doubles, Mirza has also had a successful career in
mixed doubles. She won her first mixed doubles title at the Australian Open in 2009,
partnering with Mahesh Bhupathi. The pair earned a second victory at the 2012 French
Open. Mirza’s third mixed doubles title came at the 2014 US Open, where she partnered
with Brazilian player Bruno Soares. In 2015, she partnered with Swiss legend Martina
Hingis and won three back-to-back Grand Slam doubles titles.
Cyber Threat Predictions Report for 2023
Security solutions firm Barracuda recently shared its predictions for the top cyber threats
in 2023. According to the company, organizations should be prepared to face every type of
cyber threat, regardless of size or industry, as attackers increasingly target existing
authentication methods and expand their attack surfaces.
Exploitation of Authentication Methods
As attackers continue to challenge existing authentication methods, security practitioners
will need to consider alternative options to protect their organizations.
Expansions of Attack Surfaces
With the adoption of cloud-based and software-as-a-service offerings for remote work on
the rise, the number of potential attack surfaces within organizations will continue to
increase. It is important for organizations to be aware of this trend and take necessary
measures to secure their systems.

Increasing Zero-Day and Supply Chain Attacks
Barracuda predicts that there will be a rise in zero-day vulnerabilities and attacks on
supply chains in 2023. In 2022, nearly 21,000 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
(CVEs) were registered, with many classified as “critical” and actively exploited by
attackers. It is important for organizations to stay up-to-date on the latest threats and
vulnerabilities and implement proper patch management protocols to protect against
these types of attacks.
Web Application Attacks
Web application attacks, including those targeting vulnerable third-party software
libraries, are also expected to be a significant threat in 2023. It is crucial for organizations
to secure their web applications and ensure that they are regularly testing and updating
them to prevent these types of attacks.
Exploitation of Vulnerabilities in IoT

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow in popularity, the exploitation of
vulnerabilities in these devices is expected to be a significant threat. It is important for
organizations to properly secure their IoT devices and ensure that they are regularly
updated to prevent against attacks.
Overall, Barracuda’s predictions highlight the need for organizations to stay vigilant and
proactive in their cybersecurity efforts in 2023. By keeping track of the latest threats and
vulnerabilities and implementing
JOIN appropriate
@thehindu444 or security measures, organizations can
Thenewsmaster
effectively protect themselves against cyber attacks.
January 9, 2023
Purple Fest: Celebrating Diversity
India’s first-of-its-kind inclusivity festival, “Purple Fest: Celebrating Diversity,” kicked off
with a grand ceremony on January 6, 2023 in Goa. The festival aims to bring people
together and create a welcoming and inclusive world for all. Union Minister for Social
Justice & Empowerment, Dr. Virendra Kumar, was present at the opening ceremony and
visited an exhibition cum sale featuring products made by Divyangjans (people with
disabilities).
Goa has traditionally been known for its New Year celebrations, but with the introduction
of Purple Fest, the state is taking a step forward in empowering Divyangjans.
About Purple Fest
Purple Fest is a celebration of diversity and inclusivity, and aims to showcase how we
can come together as a community to create a welcoming environment for everyone.
The festival features a variety of live performances, including stand-up comedy,
dance, and music events. There will also be sporting activities, such as a blind
automobile rally, bird watching, and live art camps for those interested.
In addition to these entertaining events, Purple Fest will also include exhibitions
showcasing the latest assistive technologies developed for individuals with
disabilities (PwDs). This is a great opportunity for PwDs to learn about and try out
new technologies that can help improve their daily lives.

Excursions to tourist destinations and historic places will also be offered as part of
Purple Fest. This is a chance for attendees to learn more about the rich culture and
history of Goa while also enjoying the beauty of the region.
Why purple was chosen for this event?
The color purple is often associated with disability and has become popularly used in
recent years to symbolize the positive contributions made by individuals with disabilities in
society and the workforce. The use of purple in campaigns, charities, and government
initiatives helps to recognize the power and potential of people with disabilities and
promotes the creation of an inclusive society. The adoption of purple as a symbol for
disability can be traced back to a 2010 protest movement opposing benefit cuts. By using
purple, we can challenge outdated perceptions and prejudices and work towards a more
inclusive society.
Odisha wins World Habitat Award 2023 for JAGA Mission

Odisha has been recognized by the United Nations-Habitat (UN-Habitat) for its efforts to
empower the lives of slum dwellers and create a slum-free state in India through its 5T
initiative, Jaga Mission.
Jaga Mission
According to an official statement, Jaga Mission is the world’s largest land titling and
slum upgrading program. It aims to upgrade all 2,919 slums in the state of Odisha,
under the leadership of Chief Minister Naveen
JOIN @thehindu444 Patnaik.
or Thenewsmaster
In the last five years of the initiative, 1,75,000 families have been granted land tenure
security. This means that they have received legal ownership of the land on which
their homes are located, providing them with a sense of security and stability.
In addition to providing land tenure security, the Jaga Mission has also made
significant progress in improving living conditions for slum dwellers. 100 percent of
households in 2,724 slums have been provided with piped water connections, and
707 slums have been transformed into fully livable habitats. 100 percent of
households in 666 slums also have individual toilets, and 8 cities have become slum-
free as a result of the initiative.
Previous Recognition and Current Award
These efforts have not gone unnoticed. In 2019, the Jaga Mission received the World
Habitat Award for its success in providing land security for slum dwellers. And now, in
2023, the state of Odisha has won the UN-Habitat World Habitat Award for its 5T initiative,
Jaga Mission.
The World Habitat Award is a prestigious recognition given by the charity organization,
UN-Habitat, which is recognized by the United Nations Department of Public Information.
It recognizes innovative, effective, and sustainable solutions that address the challenges
of urbanization and improve the quality of life for those living in cities and towns.
Odisha Leading the Way in Slum-Free Cities
Odisha’s Jaga Mission is a prime example of such a solution. By providing land tenure
security and improving living conditions for slum dwellers, it is empowering individuals
and communities to break the cycle of poverty and improve their quality of life.
The state of Odisha is leading the way in the fight against urban poverty and the creation
of slum-free cities. Its efforts through the Jaga Mission deserve recognition and serve as
an inspiration for other states and countries around the world to follow in its footsteps.
International Kite Festival 2023
The International Kite Festival 2023 officially started on January 7th in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat, with a theme centered around the G20 countries. Gujarat Chief Minister
Bhupendra Patel inaugurated the event, which runs from January 8th to 14th and marks
the first time the festival has been held in two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the inauguration, Chief Minister Patel praised the progress made by India under
the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, specifically citing the country’s
strengthening defense system and digital economy which have helped it become the 5th
largest economy in the world.

Key Points
The International Kite Festival has been held in Ahmedabad annually since 1989 as
part of the official celebration of uttarayan.
The event brings together master kite makers and flyers from around the world to
showcase their unique creations and demonstrate impressive flying techniques.
Past festivals have featured kites from a variety of countries, including Malaysia’s
wau-balang kites,
JOINIndonesia’s layang-layang,
@thehindu444 or American giant banner kites, Japanese
Thenewsmaster
rokkaku fighting kites, Italian sculptural kites, Chinese flying dragons, and more.
One particularly notable attraction is the demonstration by master kite maker and
flyer Rasulbhai Rahimbhai, who is known for training up to 500 kites on a single
string.
G20 Countries Invited to Share Cultural Traditions
This year, delegates from the G20 countries have been invited to participate in the
inaugural celebration and share their cultural traditions through kite flying. The
International Kite Festival is a beloved tradition in Ahmedabad and an exciting opportunity
for kite enthusiasts from around the world to come together and enjoy this unique form
of art and entertainment.
Indian Navy ‘SPRINT’ initiative
The Indian Navy has recently announced a collaboration with Sagar Defence Engineering
Private Limited for the development of armed autonomous boat swarms as part of the
“SPRINT” initiative. Launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July of last year, SPRINT
(Supporting Pole-Vaulting in R&D through Innovations for Defence Excellence) aims to
promote the development and usage of indigenous defense technologies by domestic
companies. The task of developing this technology is one of the 75 challenges introduced
by the Indian Navy under the “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” celebrations.
India’s First Armed Autonomous Unmanned Boat
Sagar Defence Engineering has stated that it possesses the know-how to develop India’s
first armed autonomous unmanned boat with swarming capabilities. According to the
company, the platform will be able to conduct a variety of navy and security tasks,
including high-speed interdiction, surveillance, constabulary operations, and intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance.
Indian Navy Plans to Order 12 Systems
The collaboration with Sagar Defence Engineering is the 50th contract signed under the
SPRINT initiative, and the Indian Navy plans to place an order for 12 systems once the
construction of the weaponized autonomous unmanned boat is completed. The
agreement is part of the Defense India Start-up Challenge (DISC 7) SPRINT initiative.
SPRINT Initiative Aims to Induct 75 New Technologies by 2023
As part of the “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav” celebrations and in an effort to achieve self-
reliance in defense, the Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Organisation (NIIO) aims to
induct at least 75 new indigenous technologies/products into the Indian Navy through the
SPRINT initiative. Prime Minister Modi has stated that the goal should be for the Indian
Navy to be at an “unprecedented height” when the country celebrates 100 years of
independence.
In March of last year, the Indian Navy also signed a memorandum of understanding for a
knowledge partnership with BharatShakti.in and the Society for Indigenous Defence
Manufacturing (SIDM) as a step towards encouraging innovation and self-reliance in
defense in the country.
IISER
JOIN Ionic organic material
@thehindu444 orto remove pollutants
Thenewsmaster
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) in Pune,
India have developed a unique molecular sponge-like material that can effectively clean
polluted water. The material, called a macro/microporous ionic organic framework, is able
to absorb and remove a wide range of toxic contaminants, including organic dyes,
antibiotics, pesticides, iodides, and oxo-pollutants such as perrhenate. These
contaminants can pose a direct threat to human health and the environment, and are
commonly found in freshwater sources.
Conventional Sorbent Materials Lack Efficiency
Traditionally, sorbent materials have been used to purify water by trapping pollutants
through an ion-exchange process. However, these materials often suffer from poor
kinetics and specificity, leading to limited effectiveness in removing contaminants. In an
effort to address this issue, the researchers at IISER Pune developed a new material called
viologen-unit grafted organic-framework (iVOFm).
iVOFm Utilizes Electrostatics and Macropores to Remove Pollutants
The iVOFm material combines ion-exchange with nanometer-sized macropores and
specific binding sites to target and remove pollutants from water. The size and number of
the macropores, as well as the strong electrostatic interaction of the material, allow for
the swift capture of a variety of toxic pollutants. To create the material, the researchers
employed a “make-and-break” strategy, using a charged porous organic polymer (POP) as
a sponge-like framework on silica nanoparticles. The silica nanoparticles were then
removed, resulting in an ordered, hierarchical, interconnected macro/microporous

structure.
iVOFm Shows Fast and Effective Removal of Pollutants
The iVOFm material has an inherent cationic nature and large macropores, allowing for
fast diffusion of pollutants. In testing, the material was able to remove over 93% of a wide
range of contaminants within 30 seconds. It was particularly effective at removing the
sulfadimethoxine antibiotic. In addition to its efficiency, the material can also be reused
multiple times to clean contaminated water.
Overall, the development of the iVOFm material represents a significant advancement in
the field of water purification. Its ability to quickly and effectively remove a wide range of
contaminants makes it a promising solution for addressing water pollution.
"UP Global City" Campaign Launched in Uttar Pradesh
The Uttar Pradesh government has launched a 100-day “UP Global City” campaign in
advance of the Global Investors Summit and G20 summit. The campaign aims to bring
urban areas in the state up to global standards, with a focus on improving urban facilities,
air quality, cleanliness, and beautification, as well as proper garbage disposal. The
campaign will be implemented in all 762 urban bodies in the state.
Significance
The “UP Global City” campaign was launched by state Urban Development and Energy
Minister Arvind Kumar Sharma. A high-level meeting on the campaign was chaired by
Sharma, who directed
JOINofficers to make the campaign
@thehindu444 a success. The Chief Minister Yogi
or Thenewsmaster
Adityanath-led government has set a goal of making the state a USD 1 trillion economy in
the next five years.
Global Investors Summit
The Global Investors Summit, which takes place from February 10-12, 2023 in Lucknow, will
bring together business delegations, corporate and industry leaders, policy makers,
academia, think-tanks, and political and government leadership from around the world.
The Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath-led government has set a target of making the state a
USD 1 trillion economy in the next five years.
G20 Summit Preparations
In preparation for the G20 summit, the Uttar Pradesh government will introduce “Brand
UP” and has planned a number of events in Agra, Varanasi, Greater Noida, and Lucknow.
The government will also implement door-to-door garbage collection from February 1 to
March 31, 2023, and will hold a marathon race later this month.
Other Campaigns
In addition to the “UP Global City” campaign, the state government is also running the
“Swachh Dhaba” campaign, which focuses on proper garbage disposal at hotels,
restaurants, and dhabas, and the “Swachh Virasat Abhiyan,” which focuses on cleanliness
at tourist, historical, and religious sites. The “Swachh Dhaba” campaign will run until
March 2023, while the “Swachh Virasat Abhiyan” is set to begin on January 14.
Google- CCI Row- Update

Within days of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) denying Google’s
request for a stay on the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) ruling in the Android
case, the tech giant filed an appeal with the Supreme Court (SC) against the NCLAT’s
decision. The appeal is set to be mentioned by Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Senior Counsel
representing Google, on Monday before the Chief Justice of India (CJI), D Y Chandrachud.
Background
On October 29, 2020, the CCI ruled that Google had abused its dominant position with its
Google Play policy and imposed a fine of INR 937 crore (approximately $126 million).
Google appealed the ruling to the NCLAT, requesting an immediate and complete stay on
the order. In its appeal, Google argued that the CCI’s findings were “patently erroneous”
and ignored “the reality of competition in India, Google’s procompetitive business model,
and the benefits created for all stakeholders.” Google also accused the CCI’s investigation
arm, the Office of the Director General (DG), of copying the conclusions of foreign
authorities without proper consideration.
NCLAT’s Decision
The NCLAT bench, consisting of Justice Rakesh Kumar and Alok Srivastava, denied
Google’s request for interim relief, stating that the company had waited until the
“eleventh hour” to appeal and that the case involved a large number of documents. The
NCLAT also rejected Google’s argument that Android’s benefits to consumers should be
taken into consideration, stating that the issue
JOIN @thehindu444 at hand was Google’s alleged anti-
or Thenewsmaster
competitive practices and abuse of dominance.
Google has now appealed to the SC against the NCLAT’s decision. Under competition law,
companies have a sixty-day window in which to appeal NCLAT orders. It remains to be
seen how the SC will rule on the matter.
Lecanemab Approved for Alzheimer's Treatment
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved lecanemab, a monoclonal
antibody developed by Eisai and Biogen, for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Lecanemab is the second drug to receive approval for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and
the first to slow cognitive decline in a clinical trial. However, the approval process has been
controversial, with patient deaths and accusations that the FDA acted improperly when
approving the first such drug, aducanumab, last year.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid beta protein in the brain, leading to the formation of amyloid
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These abnormalities cause damage and death to
brain cells, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. There is
currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, and treatment options are limited to therapies that aim
to slow the progression of the disease and improve symptoms.
Lecanemab
Lecanemab is a monoclonal antibody that targets amyloid beta protein. By binding to and
neutralizing this protein, lecanemab aims to reduce the formation of amyloid plaques and
neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. In a clinical trial involving 1,800 patients with early-
stage Alzheimer’s, lecanemab slowed cognitive decline by 27% over 18 months of
treatment. The drug is administered intravenously and is intended to be used in the early
stages of Alzheimer’s to allow individuals to “have more time to participate in daily life
and live independently,” according to Joanne Pike, President and CEO of the Alzheimer’s
Association in Washington DC.
Approval Process
Lecanemab received approval through the FDA’s “accelerated approval” pathway, which is
reserved for therapies for diseases with few treatment options and does not require
phase III clinical trial data. However, lecanemab was granted approval on the basis of
phase II data, rather than the more comprehensive phase III data, which were published
in November 2021. The phase III data showed that lecanemab slowed cognitive decline by
27% in a clinical trial involving 1,800 patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s. The phase II
data showed that lecanemab reduced plaques in the brains of 856 patients, but did not
assess the effect on cognitive abilities.
Controversy
The approval of lecanemab has been controversial, with some questioning the decision to
grant approval on the basis of phase II data and concerns about patient deaths. Three
patients enrolled in the lecanemab phase III trial died during the extended phase of the
trial, when patients receiving
JOIN placebo can ask
@thehindu444 ortoThenewsmaster
be given the drug. The deaths were
attributed to complications involving brain bleeding and seizures, and researchers suspect
that the antibody may have weakened blood vessels in the brain as it attacked amyloid
plaques. All of the patients were taking anticoagulant drugs at the time of their deaths,
and the FDA has stated that lecanemab should not be used in patients taking these
medications.
Additionally, the approval process for lecanemab has been compared to that of
aducanumab, the first Alzheimer’s treatment to receive FDA approval. Both drugs were
granted approval through the accelerated approval pathway on the basis of phase II data,
and there have been accusations that the FDA acted improperly in approving
aducanumab.
India is set to deploy female peacekeepers to the UN Mission in Abyei
India is set to deploy a platoon of female peacekeepers to the United Nations Interim
Security Force in Abyei (UNISFA) on the border of Sudan and South Sudan on January 6.
This marks the largest single unit of women peacekeepers in a UN mission since India
deployed the first all-female contingent in Liberia in 2007. The deployment is part of
India’s efforts to increase the number of women in peacekeeping contingents and will be
particularly welcomed in Abyei, where recent violence has led to humanitarian concerns
for women and children in the conflict zone.
Women Peacekeepers
Women peacekeepers are highly regarded in peacekeeping missions worldwide for their
ability to connect with women and children in local populations, particularly victims of
sexual violence in conflict zones. India has a long history of participating in peacekeeping
efforts and has had several notable female peacekeepers, including Dr. Kiran Bedi, the
UN’s first police adviser, and Major Suman Gawani and Shakti Devi. Indian teams in the
Congo and South Sudan have also contributed to community and social development
projects at the grassroots level.
Indian Contingent
The Indian contingent for the UNISFA mission consists of two officers and 25 other ranks,
who will specialize in community outreach and carry out various security-related duties.
India is one of the largest contributors of troops to UN peacekeeping missions and this
deployment marks a significant increase in the proportion of women in its peacekeeping
contingents.
Importance of Women in Peacekeeping
The effectiveness of the UN’s peace and security efforts depends heavily on the
contribution of women peacekeepers. More women than ever before hold executive
positions in UN peacekeeping, with women working with the UN as citizens, police
officers, and military personnel. The UN has recognized the importance of women in
peacekeeping and has implemented a number of initiatives to increase the representation
of women, including the establishment of a gender unit and the adoption of a resolution
on the role of women in peace and security.
The deployment ofJOIN
the all-female Indian platoon
@thehindu444 orto Thenewsmaster
the UNISFA mission in Abyei marks an
important step forward in the efforts to increase the representation of women in
peacekeeping. Women peacekeepers have a crucial role to play in peacekeeping missions
and their presence will be particularly welcomed in Abyei, where recent violence has led to
humanitarian concerns for women and children in the conflict zone.
About UNISFA
The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) was created by the United
Nations Security Council in 2011 to address the critical situation in the Abyei region of
Sudan. The Security Council was alarmed by the violence, rising tensions, and population
displacement in the area. UNISFA works to protect civilians and promote stability in the
region, while also supporting the peace process between Sudan and South Sudan. It is
composed of military, police, and civilian personnel from various countries, and operates
under the authority of the UN Secretary-General.
Top-performing global airports List
The past year saw the return of travel in full force after the COVID-19 pandemic, with
airlines and airports struggling to keep up with the sudden surge of passengers. However,
despite these challenges, some airports and airlines worldwide excelled, according to a
report by Cirium Aviation Analytics.
Top-Performing Global Airports
Cirium released a list of the top-performing global airports of 2022, with Bangalore’s
Kempegowda International Airport and Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport taking
the second and seventh spots, respectively. The top 10 airports, according to Cirium, are:
1. Haneda Airport (Tokyo, Japan)
2. Kempegowda International Airport (Bangalore, India)
3. Salt Lake City International Airport (Utah, US)
4. Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (Michigan, US)
5. Philadelphia International Airport (Pennsylvania, US)
6. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (Minnesota, US)
7. Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi, India)
8. Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (Washington, US)
9. El Dorado International Airport (Bogota, Colombia)
10. Charlotte Douglas International Airport (North Carolina, US)
According to the report, the aviation industry struggled with understaffing and insufficient
capacity in 2022, leading to delays and cancellations. However, operations improved over
time as the industry added workers and adjusted capacity.

Most Punctual Airlines
Cirium also released a list of the most punctual airlines worldwide, with Azul Airlines
coming out as the “global leader.” Azul is a Brazilian carrier based in São Paulo that offers
flights to destinations within Brazil and other parts of South America, North America, and
Europe. The airline has won numerous awards, including “Best Regional Airline in South
America,” “Best Airline Staff in South America,” and “Best Airline Cabin Cleanliness in
South America” inJOIN
the 2019 Skytrax awards.
Delta Airlines was also recognized by Cirium, receiving the Platinum Award for global
operational excellence for the second consecutive year. This award takes into account on-
time performance, operational complexity, and an airline’s ability to limit the impact of
flight disruption on passengers.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 17th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
(PBD) Convention, an annual event that brings together members of the Indian diaspora
from around the world. This year’s convention, held in Indore in partnership with the
Madhya Pradesh government, features over 3,500 representatives from 70 countries and
is being celebrated under the theme “Diaspora: Reliable Partners for India’s Progress
in Amrit Kaal.”
What is Pravasi Bharatiya Divas?
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is the flagship event of the Government of India that
provides an important platform for engagement and connection with overseas Indians.
The convention, which is held annually on January 9th, also allows the diaspora to interact
with one another. This year marks the 17th PBD Convention, which is being held in Indore
from January 8th to 10th.
In addition to the main convention, several other events and initiatives took place as part
of the PBD celebrations. A commemorative postal stamp titled “Surakshit Jaayen,
Prashikshit Jaayen” (meaning “safe, trained, and skilled migration”) was released to
highlight the importance of legal and skilled migration. The Prime Minister also
inaugurated the first-ever digital PBD Exhibition, which focuses on the contribution of the
diaspora to India’s freedom struggle.
Thematic Plenary Sessions
The 17th PBD Convention features five thematic plenary sessions, each focused on a
different aspect of the diaspora’s role in India’s progress. The sessions and their
chairpersons are as follows:
First Plenary on “Role of Diaspora Youth in Innovations and New Technologies,”
chaired by Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports, Shri Anurag Singh Thakur
Second Plenary on “Role of Indian Diaspora in Promoting Indian Healthcare Eco-
system in Amrit Kaal: Vision @2047,” chaired by Minister of Health & Family Welfare,
Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya and co-chaired by Minister of State for External Affairs, Dr.
Rajkumar Ranjan Singh
Third Plenary on “Leveraging the Soft Power of India – Goodwill through Craft,
Cuisine & Creativity,” chaired by Minister of State for External Affairs, Smt. Meenakshi
Lekhi
Fourth Plenary on “Enabling Global Mobility of Indian Workforce – Role of Indian
Diaspora,” chaired by Minister of Education, Skill Development & Entrepreneurship,
Shri Dharmendra Pradhan
Fifth Plenary on “Harnessing the Potential of Diaspora Entrepreneurs Towards an
JOIN to@thehindu444
Inclusive Approach or Thenewsmaster
Nation Building,” chaired by Minister of Finance, Smt. Nirmala
Sitharaman
Each plenary session will feature panel discussions with notable experts from the
diaspora.
Significance of the 17th PBD Convention
The 17th PBD Convention holds special significance as it is the first to be held in person in
four years and the first since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The previous PBD
Convention, held in 2021, was held virtually due to the pandemic. The return to in-person
events is seen as a hopeful sign of a return to normalcy and the importance of face-to-face
engagement in building and strengthening ties between India and the diaspora.
RBI Releases Annual Report on Ombudsman Schemes
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released its annual report on the “consumer
education and protection activities” carried out during the 2021-2022 financial year as part
of its Ombudsman Schemes. The report covers the activities of the three ombudsman
schemes: the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006 (BOS), the Ombudsman Scheme for
Non-Banking Financial Companies, 2018 (OSNBFC), and the Ombudsman Scheme for
Digital Transactions, 2019 (OSDT). It also covers the activities of the RBI-Internal
Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS), which was launched on November 12, 2021.
Key Statistics
The number of complaints received through the Ombudsman Schemes and
Consumer Education and Protection Cells increased by 9.39% over the previous year,
totaling 4,18,184.
Digital mode of payment and transaction complaints accounted for 42.12% of all
complaints received.
The rate of complaint resolution by the RBI’s Ombudsman Offices (ORBIOs)
increased to 97.97% in 2021-2022, up from 96.59% in 2020-2021.
The majority of maintainable complaints were resolved through mutual settlement,
conciliation, or mediation.
Initiatives to Strengthen Grievance Redress System
The RBI’s Consumer Education and Protection Department (CEPD) has implemented a
number of initiatives to strengthen the grievance redress system, including:
The launch of the RB-IOS on November 12, 2021, which has been expanded to
include non-scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks with deposits of Rs 50 Crore or
more.
The establishment of a Centralized Receipt and Processing Center (CRPC) at the RBI
in Chandigarh to receive complaints from across the country via email/physical
mode and handle the initial scrutiny and processing of these complaints before
assigning the maintainable ones to ORBIOs for further redressal.
The establishment of a Contact Center to assist complainants in lodging their
complaints and provide information about the RBI’s redressal mechanism, and to
spread awareness about safe banking practices in ten regional languages
(Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Oriya,
JOIN @thehindu444 Punjabi, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil,
or Thenewsmaster
and Telugu) in addition to Hindi and English.
A nationwide intensive awareness program launched on World Consumer Rights
Day, March 15, 2022, to strengthen the department’s and Ombudsman Offices’
ongoing financial awareness and education.
29 town hall meetings and 175 awareness campaigns held by the ORBIOs during the
year.
Way Forward
The CEPD of the RBI will work on the following action plans from 01/04/2022 to
31/03/2023:
A review of the January 2021 guidelines on “Strengthening the Grievance Redress
Framework for Banks.”
Extension of the RB-IOS and Internal Ombudsman Scheme to additional sectors that
are not currently covered.
Improvement of the efficiency and usability of the Complaint Management System
(CMS).
Extension of the Internal Ombudsman Scheme to Credit Information Companies
(CICs) and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs).
Additional initiatives under the nationwide awareness campaign to reach out to
previously excluded segments of the population.
Upgrade of the Contact Center to meet the needs of Business Continuity and
Disaster Recovery.
January 10, 2023
Theme for “National Science Day 2023"
Science and Technology Minister Jitendra Singh recently announced the theme for
National Science Day 2023: “Global Science for Global Wellbeing”. This year’s theme
highlights India’s emerging role on the global stage and its increasing visibility in the
international community.
Key Points
The theme of “Global Science for Global Wellbeing” reflects the importance of
science in addressing global issues and promoting wellbeing worldwide. It also
coincides with India’s assumption of the presidency of the G20, where it will become
the voice of the Global South, comprising developing countries in Asia, Africa, and
South America.
National Science Day is celebrated annually on February 28th to honor the discovery
of the “Raman Effect” by Indian physicist Sir C V Raman, who received the Nobel
Prize in 1930 for his discovery. As part of the National Science Day celebrations,
theme-based science communication activities will take place across the country.
These activities aim to increase the public’s appreciation of the role of science in
addressing global issues and promoting global wellbeing.
National Science Day in India
National Science DayJOIN is a significant
@thehindu444annual event
or inThenewsmaster
India, celebrated on February 28th to
mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman on the same
date in 1928. The celebration of National Science Day aims to spread awareness about the
importance of science in daily life and to showcase the efforts and achievements in the
field of science for human welfare. It also serves as an opportunity to discuss and
implement new technologies for the development of science in the country.
History of National Science Day
National Science Day was first celebrated in India in 1986, following a request by the
National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) to the Government
of India. Since then, the event has been widely celebrated in schools, colleges, universities,
and other academic, scientific, technical, medical, and research institutions across the
country. On the occasion of the first National Science Day (26 February 2020), the NCSTC
announced the institution of the National Science Popularization awards to recognize
outstanding efforts in the area of science and communication.
Objectives of Celebrating National Science Day
The main objectives of celebrating National Science Day in India are:
To spread a message about the importance of science in daily life
To display all the activities, efforts, and achievements in the field of science for
human welfare
To give an opportunity to the scientific minded citizens in India to discuss and
address issues related to science and technology
To encourage and popularize science and technology among the people.

Bird Population and Diversity Increases at Bhitarkanika National Park
The Bhitarkanika National Park in Odisha has seen an increase in its bird population this
year, according to the Odisha forest department. The staff counted a total of 1,39,959
birds in the park, compared to 1,38,107 last year. While the number of birds has increased,
the diversity of species has decreased compared to last year, with the park seeing 140
species of birds this year as opposed to 144 last year. However, many rare and
endangered species were spotted during this year’s count.
Location and Importance of Bhitarkanika National Park
The Bhitarkanika National Park is a prime location for birds of different species and is
located 130 km from Odisha’s capital city of Bhubaneswar. The Chilka and Bhitarkanika
wetland spots in Odisha are some of the favored destinations for migratory birds during
the winter months.
Bird Count Results

During the census exercise conducted on January 6th, the forest department spotted
around 81,930 geese and ducks, as well as other species such as grebes, rails, gallinules,
finfoots, jacanas, gulls, terns, and sandpipers. Divisional Forest Officer Adhir Behera
stated, “The enumerators have sighted rare groups of winged species at the wetland
spots of the national park. It is a clear indicator that Bhitarkanika is still a congenial spot
for attracting birds.”
New Migratory Bird Species
JOINSighted in Tripura
In related news, the Tripura forest department also reported that new species of
migratory birds from Siberia and Europe were sighted at Sukhsagar lake in Tripura’s
Gomati district. The three new species include the Ruff, found in Europe, the Oriental
pratincole, and the Common crane from Siberia in Russia. Ornithologist Dipankar Sinha, a
member of the state Biodiversity Board, remarked, “The flow of migratory birds this year
into the lake is also amazing.”
Overall, the increased bird population and sighting of rare species at Bhitarkanika
National Park and Sukhsagar lake in Tripura is a positive sign for the health and diversity
of the region’s ecosystems. The “chirpy cacophony” of feathered species adds color and
vibrancy to the region, and serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting and
preserving these natural habitats.
Bhitarkanika National Park
The Park obtained the status of Ramsar site in 2002. It was the second area to get the
status after Chilika lake. The Park is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India.
The Fauna of the park includes saltwater crocodile, black ibis, Indian Python, wild boar,
cobra, darter, monitor lizard, etc. The park holds Guinness World Record of spotting
largest male salt water crocodile in the world that weighed 2,000 kg in 2006.
I&B Ministry advisory on reportage of Violence
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in India has issued an advisory to television
channels warning against reporting incidents of accidents, deaths, and violence in a way
that may compromise “good taste and decency.” This advisory comes after several
instances of lack of discretion by television channels were noticed by the ministry.
Details of the Advisory
According to the ministry’s statement, television channels have been observed to show
“dead bodies of individuals and images or videos of injured persons with blood splattered
around, people, including women, children and elderly being beaten mercilessly in close
shots, continuous cries and shrieks of a child being beaten by a teacher, shown repeatedly
over several minutes including circling the actions thereby making it even more ghastly,
without taking the precaution of blurring the images or showing them from long shots.”
The ministry emphasized that the manner in which such incidents are reported is
distasteful and distressing for the audience.
Impact on Different Audience Segments
The advisory also highlighted the impact that such graphic reporting can have on various
audience segments. It noted that such reports can have an adverse psychological impact
on children and that there is also a crucial issue of invasion of privacy, which could be
potentially maligning and defamatory.
Responsibility of Broadcasters
The ministry emphasized that television, as a platform typically watched by families in
households with people from all different age groups and socio-economic backgrounds,
places a sense of responsibility and discipline on broadcasters. The advisory pointed out
that these responsibilities are outlined in the Programme
JOIN @thehindu444 Code and the Advertising Code.
or Thenewsmaster
Use of Social Media Videos
The ministry also observed that in many cases, the videos being shown on television are
taken from social media and broadcast without editorial discretion or modifications to
ensure compliance with the Programme Code.
Overall, the advisory issued by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting serves as a
reminder of the need for discretion and sensitivity in reporting incidents of accidents,
deaths, and violence. Such graphic reporting can have a negative impact on the audience
and can also potentially invade the privacy of individuals involved. It is important for
broadcasters to adhere to the Programme Code and the Advertising Code in order to
ensure responsible and ethical reporting.
NHA Initiative to Grade Hospitals
The National Health Authority (NHA) in India is introducing a new system to measure and
grade hospital performance under the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
Yojana (AB PM-JAY) scheme, with the goal of shifting the focus of hospital performance
measurement from the volume of services provided to the value of healthcare services.
The new initiative will introduce the concept of “value-based care,” where payment will be
outcome-based and providers will be rewarded based on the quality of treatment they
deliver.
Shift from Quantity to Quality
Traditionally, the healthcare model has been focused on the quantity of services delivered,
with case-based bundled payments made on the basis of the number of services provided.
Under the new value-based care model, providers will be rewarded for helping patients
improve their health, which will ultimately reduce the effects of disease in the population
in the long term. This shift promises significant increases in overall health gains and is
expected to benefit all stakeholders, from patients to healthcare providers, payers, and
suppliers.
Measures Taken by NHA to Ensure Quality Care
To ensure that PM-JAY beneficiaries receive both cashless healthcare benefits and high-
quality care at every empaneled hospital, the NHA has implemented various measures.
These measures include standardizing the cost of treatment under the scheme and
adding new and advanced treatment procedures. Additionally, the NHA has made
provisions to incentivize the best performing hospitals that provide quality care to
patients.
Performance Indicators and Public Dashboard

Under the value-based care system, the performance of AB PM-JAY empaneled hospitals
will be measured based on five performance indicators:
1. Beneficiary Satisfaction;
2. Hospital Readmission Rate;
3. Out-of-Pocket Expenditure;
4. Confirmed Grievances; and
5. ImprovementJOIN
in Patient’s Health-Related Quality
@thehindu444 of Life.
or Thenewsmaster
The performance of hospitals based on these indicators will also be made available on a
public dashboard, allowing beneficiaries to make informed decisions about their
healthcare. This will not only determine the financial incentives of hospitals, but also
create a demand for quality treatment among PMJAY beneficiaries.
Benefits of Value-Based Care
The implementation of value-based care promises to significantly improve the healthcare
landscape in India by incentivizing and encouraging healthcare providers to focus more
on delivering patient-centric services. Patients will receive better health outcomes and
higher satisfaction from the services they receive, while providers will benefit from
improved care efficiencies. Payers will be able to maximize the health benefits generated
from their spending, and suppliers will be able to align their products and services with
positive patient outcomes and reduced costs. Additionally, payers will have the
opportunity to exercise strong cost controls in a value-based healthcare system, as a
healthier population with fewer claims translates into less strain on premium pools and
investments.
Overall, the introduction of value-based care by the National Health Authority under the
AB PM-JAY scheme represents a significant shift in the focus of hospital performance
measurement in India, from quantity to quality of care. The use of performance
assessment and value-based incentives, health technology assessment, and digital tools
to monitor the quality of care will help to transform the AB PM-JAY program and the
Indian healthcare system as a whole from a volume-based to a value-based healthcare

delivery system.
Joshimath 'Sinking Zone'
Land subsidence in Joshimath (Uttarakhand), is a grave reminder of the harm that can be
caused by reckless infrastructure development and the role of climate change in
exacerbating the situation. Over 60 families living in uninhabitable houses have already
been moved to temporary relief centers, with at least 90 more families set to be
evacuated. Of the 4,500 buildings in Joshimath, 610 have developed large cracks and are
no longer fit for habitation.
Cause
The primary cause of the land subsidence in Joshimath is believed to be the National
Thermal Power Corporation’s Tapovan Vishnugad Hydro Power Project, though climate
change is also a contributing factor. Climate scientist Anjal Prakash, one of the authors of
the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), stated that
the project has contributed to the caving incident in Joshimath and highlighted the
importance of careful planning in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem. Prakash also
emphasized the role of climate change as a force-multiplier, citing the increased
frequency of disaster events in Uttarakhand in recent years.
Impact
The land subsidence in Joshimath has had a significant impact on the city and its
residents. In addition
JOINto @thehindu444
the forced evacuations, hundreds of houses have developed
or Thenewsmaster
cracks, rendering them uninhabitable. The situation is expected to worsen, with at least 90
more families set to be evacuated.
Solution
Professor Y P Sundriyal, Head of the Department of Geology at HNB Garhwal
University, called for the implementation of strong rules and regulations to prevent
future disasters, stating that most parts of Uttarakhand are located in seismic zones
IV and V, which are prone to earthquakes, and that climate change is worsening the
situation with more extreme weather events.
Given the cost associated with the environmental and ecological damage caused by
hydropower projects, Anjal Prakash suggested looking into alternative energy
sources as a solution. He emphasized the need for planning at the bio-regional scale,
taking into account what is allowed and what is not in order to protect the
environment.
The situation in Joshimath is not new, as incidents of land subsidence were also reported
in the 1970s. In 1978, a panel led by Garhwal Commissioner Mahesh Chandra Mishra
submitted a report stating that major construction works should not be carried out in the
city and the Niti and Mana valleys due to their location on moraines. The IPCC’s 2019 and
2022 reports similarly noted the region’s high susceptibility to disasters.
Given the cost associated with the environmental and ecological damage caused by
hydropower projects, Prakash suggested looking into alternative energy sources as a
solution. He emphasized the need for planning at the bio-regional scale, taking into
account what is allowed and what is not in order to protect the environment. The situation
in Joshimath serves as a cautionary tale of the consequences of disregarding the fragility
of the Himalayan ecosystem and the importance of careful planning and regulation.
10 January: World Hindi Day - Update (January, 2023)
World Hindi Day, also known as Vishwa Hindi Diwas, is an annual celebration that takes
place on January 10th. The holiday was established to commemorate the date in 1949
when Hindi was first spoken in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). With almost
600 million speakers worldwide, Hindi is the third most spoken language in the world,
after Mandarin Chinese and English.
History
The celebration of World Hindi Day dates back to 1949 when Hindi was officially
recognized as the official language of India at the UNGA. In 1975, the first-ever World
Hindi Conference was held in Nagpur, India to commemorate this achievement. The
conference, which was inaugurated by then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, took place from
January 10th to January 12th and was attended by 100 delegates from around 30
countries, as well as Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, the then-Prime Minister of Mauritius, who
served as the conference’s chief guest.
In 2006, former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh announced that every year on
January 10th, World Hindi Day would be observed. This was also the first year that the
Ministry of External Affairs@thehindu444
JOIN began hosting grand
orcelebrations of the day abroad.
Thenewsmaster
Why is World Hindi Day Celebrated?
World Hindi Day is an opportunity to recognize Hindi as a universal language and to raise
awareness about the use of the Indian language. It is also a chance to celebrate the
contributions of Hindi speakers and to encourage a love for the language. Additionally,
the holiday is used to address ongoing issues related to the promotion and use of Hindi.
How is World Hindi Day Celebrated?
World Hindi Day is celebrated with great fanfare by the Ministry of External Affairs, both
nationally and internationally. A variety of events are planned to promote Hindi, including
poetry readings, quizzes, cultural programs, speech contests, and debates. The Indian
Postal Department also releases special commemorative stamps to mark the expansion of
Hindi as a language.
In India, Hindi is the most common language, with 43.63% of the population speaking it
according to the 2011 census. Globally, 430 million people speak Hindi as their first
language.
Education Group of G-20 Meeting
As India assumes the G20 presidency and prepares to host the G20 Leaders’ Summit for
the first time in 2023, the education ministry is making preparations for the various events
that will take place.
University Connect Outreach Campaign
The ministry has launched a unique outreach campaign called University Connect,
which aims to involve young people in India’s G20 presidency.

As part of this campaign, the University Grants Commission (UGC) has written to
universities and colleges, requesting that they begin preparing students for
conferences and other events related to the G20.
The UGC has asked students to serve as facilitators for foreign delegates, provide
translation assistance, and organize cultural shows, workshops, and lectures on
topics related to the G20.
The higher education regulator has also encouraged universities to promote model
G20 forums and G20 branding in festivals, and to encourage student participation in
poetry, quiz, and logo competitions being organized by the G20 Secretariat.
Involvement of Students and Universities
The UGC has asked universities to start conducting activities to prepare students for
conferences that will be held in various locations and on a variety of topics related to the
history, culture, and legacy of the area. These activities will allow students to participate in
the conferences and serve as facilitators for foreign delegates. “Students may be
encouraged for being rapporteurs of sessions, providing translation assistance in foreign
languages required for the meetings, organizing cultural shows, workshops, lectures on
topics related to the G20 issues,” the commission said in a letter. The goal is to make
India’s G20 presidency “truly a people’s G20 movement.”
Showcasing India’s Educational Heritage and Traditions
The Indian KnowledgeJOIN System (IKS) division, anor
@thehindu444 innovation cell within the All India Council
Thenewsmaster
for Technical Education, has been tasked with showcasing India’s knowledge systems to
the world. The division has invited bids for the creation of four documentaries that
highlight India’s educational heritage, agricultural practices, and water management
traditions. It is expected that at least 15-20 venues across India will be featured in each
documentary.
The ministry is conducting various activities and events in different parts of the country as
part of India’s G20 presidency. Four education working group meetings are scheduled to
take place in Chennai, Amritsar, Bhubaneswar, and Pune between January and June of
2023. These events will provide opportunities for people in India to become involved in the
country’s G20 presidency.
Global Tamil Angels platform
The Global Tamil Angels platform was launched on Monday at the “Global Startup
Investors Summit,” co-organized by the Tamil Nadu Startup and Innovation Mission and
FeTNA International Tamil Entrepreneur Network. The platform, hosted by StartupTN,
allows Tamil Nadu-based start-ups to connect with potential investors from the global
Tamil diaspora.
How the Global Tamil Angels Platform Works?
Start-ups can get started by creating a profile on the Global Tamil Angels platform. They
will need to submit basic information about their company and upload their pitch deck,
revenue model, traction, and fundraising goals. After verification by StartupTN, their
profiles will be published on the portal and made visible to investors. Founders can then
explore a personalized list of investors based on the sectors in which they are interested in
investing and send invitations to start investment discussions.
American Tamil Fund Announced
At the Global Startup Investors Summit, an American Tamil Fund (ATF) was also
announced. The ATF, which is made up of investors from the Tamil diaspora in the US, has
pledged to invest INR 16 crore (approximately $2.2 million) in Tamil Nadu start-ups before
December 2023.
Encouraging Investment in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin spoke at the event, highlighting the success of the
state’s industries in attracting investment. He noted that investments in industries
operating in Tamil Nadu reached an all-time high of $1.5 billion last year, a 70% increase
compared to 2021. Stalin encouraged the global Tamil investor community to get involved
in the various initiatives being taken by the state government.

India and UK Launch Young Professionals Scheme
The governments of India and the UK marked Pravasi Bharatiya Divas on January 9, 2023
by launching the Young Professionals Scheme, which allows up to 3,000 degree-holding
citizens aged between 18 and 30 to live and work in each other’s countries for a period of
two years. The scheme, which was announced in November at the G20 summit in Bali, is
part of the India-UK Migration and Mobility Memorandum of Understanding signed in
May 2021. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Details of the Young Professionals Scheme
According to High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami, the Young Professionals Scheme
will hopefully be “up and running in March,” although he noted that there are still some
processes that need to be completed before a March launch can be confirmed. Successful
candidates will be able to search for job, educational, or cultural opportunities in their host
country, or simply visit for the two-year period. The scheme allows for exchange visas for
up to 3,000 individuals per year. It is not necessary for candidates to have a job lined up
when they apply for the visa.
Benefits of the Young Professionals Scheme
The Young Professionals Scheme offers a unique opportunity for young Indians and
Britons to gain international experience and expand their cultural horizons. It also has the
potential to strengthen ties between the two countries by fostering cultural exchange and
building networks of professionals.
Ongoing India-UK Trade Negotiations
The launch of the Young Professionals Scheme comes amidst ongoing negotiations for a
free trade agreement between the two countries, which have been complicated by issues
surrounding the movement of persons across borders. The UK has also been seeking
greater ease in the movement of skilled professionals and students from India to the UK
as part of the trade talks.
History of India-UK Migration and Mobility Agreement
The Migration and Mobility agreement between India and the UK was signed in May 2021
and seeks to address a number of issues related to the movement of persons between the
two countries. One aspect of the agreement aims to facilitate the return of illegal migrants
to their home countries.
However, the negotiations for a free trade agreement between the two countries, which
the governments had hoped to conclude before Deepavali last year, have been
complicated by issues related to the movement of persons across borders. In particular,
UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman has pointed out that Indians are the largest group
of visa-overstayers in Britain and that the agreement with India has “not necessarily
worked very well.”
In response, the High Commission of India in London has stated that it has acted on every
case of visa overstaying referred to it by the UK authorities and that the government is
awaiting “demonstrable progress” on some of the UK’s commitments under the

agreement.
Progress of Trade Talks
The sixth round of India-UK trade negotiations took place in December in New Delhi, with
a seventh round planned for sometime “within the next month,” according to the High
Commissioner. While progress has been consistent, the High Commissioner declined to
provide an update on the current sticking points, stating that “nothing is agreed till it’s all
agreed.” JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Earth's Ozone Layer on Track to Recovery within Four Decades
The Earth’s protective ozone layer, which shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet
radiation, is on track to recover within four decades, according to a scientific assessment
conducted by a panel of experts and backed by the United Nations. The findings, which
were published Monday, come nearly 35 years after the landmark Montreal Protocol was
enacted in 1987, banning the production and consumption of chemicals that deplete the
ozone layer.
Ozone Layer Recovery
The recent scientific assessment found that, thanks to the measures taken under the
Montreal Protocol, the ozone layer is on track to recover to levels seen before the
appearance of the ozone hole over Antarctica by 2040. The report also predicts that the
Arctic will return to normal ozone levels by 2045, while Antarctica is expected to see
normal ozone levels by 2066. However, the recovery process is expected to be gradual,
taking place over several decades.
The Ozone Layer and Its Importance
The ozone layer, which sits in the upper atmosphere, plays a crucial role in protecting the
Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. This radiation has been linked to a range of
negative effects on human health, including skin cancer, eye cataracts, and compromised
immune systems, as well as damage to agricultural land. In the 1980s, a hole in the ozone
layer over Antarctica was first discovered, which prompted international efforts to combat
the problem.
The Montreal Protocol and Its Impact
The Montreal Protocol, which was adopted in 1987, aimed to phase out the use of ozone-
depleting chemicals, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were widely used in
refrigeration and as insulation in building materials. The protocol was widely hailed as a
major achievement in international environmental cooperation, and it set a precedent for
further efforts to regulate climate-warming emissions.
Challenges Ahead
While the assessment presents a positive outlook, scientists also warned that there are
still challenges ahead in the effort to protect the ozone layer. For example, emissions of
CFC-11, a banned ozone-depleting chemical, have been found to have increased
unexpectedly in recent years, with a significant portion of these emissions thought to have
originated in eastern China. Additionally, scientists have expressed concern about the
potential impact of geoengineering technologies, such as injecting aerosols into the upper
atmosphere to cool the Earth, on the ozone layer.
The recent scientific assessment affirms the success of the Montreal Protocol in protecting
the ozone layer, and sets a positive precedent for further efforts to combat climate
change. However, it also highlights the ongoing challenges in the fight to protect this
essential component of the Earth’s atmosphere. Further research and international
cooperation will be needed to ensure the continued recovery of the ozone layer and the
protection of the planet
JOINfrom harmful ultraviolet
@thehindu444 orradiation.
Thenewsmaster
Tussle between Tamil Nadu Governor and CM Escalates in Assembly
The relationship between the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the Chief Minister of the state
has been fraught with tension in recent times, but things came to a head recently when
the Governor walked out of the assembly in a huff. The cause of the altercation was a
disagreement over a speech that had been given by the Governor, which led to the Chief
Minister, M.K. Stalin, tabling a resolution against him.
Governor-Government Tussle
The Governor, R.N. Ravi, and the Chief Minister, M.K. Stalin, have been locked in a tussle
for some time now. This came to a head on Monday when the Governor delivered a
speech in the assembly, which had been “approved” by the Chief Minister, but which
Stalin felt was not fully read or appropriately presented. Stalin then quickly drafted a
resolution, which he tabled, in response to the Governor’s speech, and the Assembly
subsequently adopted the resolution that had been put to voice vote by Speaker M
Appavu. Stalin said the draft of the speech sent to Raj Bhavan a few days prior to the
scheduled address had been cleared by him and subsequently printed and made available
to all MLAs on the tablets placed on their desks, besides hard copies on request.
Protest against Governor
The Governor’s walkout from the assembly prompted shouts of “Vazhga Tamil Nadu
(Long live Tamil Nadu)” from the treasury benches. This led to a rising tide of protests
across the state, with slogans of ‘GetOutRavi’ trending on Twitter and posters demanding
the same seen across the state. DMK cadres, on Monday night, protested against the
governor by burning his posters at Sulur, while Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam
cadres burnt his effigy in Chennai and Coimbatore.
The altercation in the assembly on Monday and the subsequent protests demonstrate the
high level of tension that exists between the Governor and Chief Minister in Tamil Nadu.
The resolution adopted by the Assembly and the Governor’s walkout have added fuel to
the fire, and it remains to be seen how this issue will be resolved. The relationship
between the Governor and Chief Minister is important for the smooth functioning of the
state, and it is crucial that both sides work towards resolving their differences for the
benefit of the state and its people.
Who was Fatima Sheikh?
Fatima Sheikh was an Indian educator and social reformer, who was a colleague of the
social reformers Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule. She was born on 9 January 1831, and
passed away on 9 October 1900. Sheikh is widely considered to be India’s first Muslim
woman teacher. She is remembered for her pioneering role in educating and empowering
women and marginalized communities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Early Life and Education
Fatima Sheikh was born in 1831 in the city of Aurangabad, in the state of
Maharashtra, India. She was the sister of Mian Usman Sheikh, in whose house
Jyotirao and Savitribai Phule took up residence. From a young age, Fatima was
passionate about
JOINlearning and had a strong
@thehindu444 desire to improve the lives of those
or Thenewsmaster
around her.
In 1848, Sheikh and Savitribai Phule, both enrolled at a teacher training institution
run by Cynthia Farrar, an American missionary. They both completed training there
and got a chance to work with Jyotirao Phule.
Career as Educator
Sheikh took charge of spreading education among the downtrodden communities.
One of the first Muslim women teachers of modern India, she started educating
Bahujan children in Phules’ school. She taught at all five schools that the Phules went
on to establish and she taught children of all religions and castes. Sheikh took part in
the founding of two schools in Mumbai (Then Bombay) in 1851.
Sheikh’s commitment to educate people from marginalized communities had no
bounds. Her willingness to work with people from different castes and religions is
what makes her an exceptional social reformer of her time. She was determined to
break barriers of caste and religion and bring education to people who otherwise
would have been denied it.
Contribution to Social Reform
Fatima Sheikh was deeply committed to the education and empowerment of women. She
believed that education was the key to unlocking the potential of women and helping
them to improve their lives and the lives of those around them. Her tireless efforts and
dedication to empower women, especially from marginalized communities, played a
crucial role in advancing women’s rights in India and helped to pave the way for future
generations.
In addition to her work for women’s education and empowerment, Fatima also devoted
her time and energy to improving the lives of other marginalized communities in India.
She worked with Dalit communities to improve their living conditions and access to
education and was an early supporter of the Indian independence movement.
U.S. ‘Title 42’ Immigration Policy
The United States recently announced that it will extend COVID-19 pandemic-era
restrictions, known as Title 42, to expel migrants from Nicaragua, Cuba and Haiti caught
crossing the U.S.-Mexico border back to Mexico. The move would block more nationalities
from seeking asylum in the United States, and raises questions about the implications of
this policy expansion and its legality.
What is Title 42 and Why was it Implemented?
Title 42 is an immigration policy that was implemented by the U.S. health authorities in
March 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The policy was
implemented to allow border agents to rapidly send migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico
border back to Mexico or other countries. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) said at the time it was needed to stem the spread of COVID-19 in
crowded detention settings. The policy was implemented under Republican former
President Donald Trump, whose administration sought to greatly curtail both
immigration. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Critics of Title 42 argue that it unlawfully blocks migrants from claiming asylum and
subjects them to dangers, such as kidnapping and assault, in Mexico. Migrants and
immigrant advocate organizations sued to lift the order, while Republican states have
sued to keep it in place, litigation that is still ongoing.
The Biden Administration and Title 42
U.S. President Joe Biden, a Democrat who took office in January 2021, campaigned on a
promise to reverse Trump’s restrictive asylum policies. While Biden moved to end some
Trump restrictions, he left Title 42 in place for more than a year, exempting
unaccompanied children but allowing U.S. authorities to send hundreds of thousands of
migrants, including families, back to Mexico. Since Biden took office, there have been
record numbers of migrants caught crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, causing operational
and political challenges for his administration.
Supreme Court Ruling on Title 42
The CDC announced in April 2022 that it would end Title 42, stating that it was no longer
needed to limit the spread of COVID-19 in light of vaccines and other medical advances.
But a federal judge in Louisiana blocked the termination after a legal challenge brought by
a group of two dozen U.S. states with Republican attorneys general who argued that
increased migration would saddle their states with costs. In a separate lawsuit, brought by
the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and other groups on behalf of migrant families
who argue they were harmed by Title 42, a Washington, D.C.-based judge struck down
Title 42 on Nov. 15. The judge, U.S. District Judge Emmet Sullivan, ruled Title 42 violated
federal regulatory law but delayed the effective date of his decision until Dec. 21 to give
authorities time to prepare.
After the Supreme court intervened and ruled to keep the policy in place as they consider
the case, the Biden administration announced that it would be expanding Title 42 to
include Nicaragua, Cuba, and Haiti.
Why is the Biden Administration expanding Title 42?
The Biden administration has not provided an explicit reason for expanding Title 42 to
include Nicaragua, Cuba, and Haiti. However, it is likely that the decision is based on
operational and political challenges that have risen as a result of record numbers of
migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border since the Biden Administration took office.
The expanding of the Title 42 policy will have significant consequences on migrants from
these countries who will be blocked from seeking asylum in the United States. The legality
of this policy expansion is also questionable and will likely be challenged in the courts.
Brazil Anti-Democratic Riots
On January 8, 2023, thousands of supporters of Brazil’s ousted former president, Jair
Bolsonaro, ransacked Brazil’s Congress, Supreme Court and presidential offices in a full-
blown riot to protest what they alleged was a stolen election. More than 1,200 protesters
were detained following the riots. In this article, we will take a closer look at the events
that led to the uprising in the Brazilian capital on Sunday.
Background JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
On October 30, 2022, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who served as the president from 2003
to 2011, beat Bolsonaro in a run-off vote.
Following this, right-wing supporters began gathering outside military bases across
Brazil, calling for military intervention to prevent the newly elected president Lula
from returning to office on January 1.
For months, people staged protests demanding the same. Many Bolsonaro
supporters in Brazil were convinced that October’s election was rigged.
Bolsonaro had challenged the results of the Brazilian election, arguing votes from
some machines should be “invalidated” in a complaint that election authorities
rebuffed. For years, Bolsonaro had alleged that Brazil’s election systems were rife
with fraud and that the nation’s elites were conspiring to remove him from power.
Escalation of Tensions
On December 12, Lula’s election victory was certified by the federal electoral court.
Later that day, after the arrest of a pro-Bolsonaro indigenous leader for alleged anti-
democratic acts, Bolsonaro supporters tried to invade the federal police
headquarters in Brasilia. A few days later, on December 24, a man named George
Washington de Oliveira Sousa was arrested for attempting to set off a bomb in
protest against Brazil’s election results.
A copy of his police statement showed that he was inspired to build up an arsenal by
Bolsonaro’s traditional support of the arming of civilians. In the last week of
December, at least four people were arrested by Brazilian police for an alleged coup
attempt during riots by Bolsonaro supporters. Amid the riots, Bolsonaro landed in
Florida less than two days before Lula was set to take office.
Riots in Brasília
On January 1, 2023, Lula was sworn in as president for the third time. Bolsonaro
supporters were convinced that the election was stolen from them. Congregating in front
of the Congress, Supreme Court and presidential offices, the protesters were met with
tear gas and rubber bullets, but were eventually able to overrun the security and set fire
to the buildings.
Reactions
On January 1, Lula joined leaders of both houses of Congress and the Supreme Court chief
justice in condemning the “terrorist acts” by Bolsonaro’s supporters. Several other world
leaders also condemned the riots that took place in Brasilia. More than 1,200 people were
detained and several are facing charges of terrorism, rebellion and attempted coup.
The events of January 8 in Brasília highlights the deeply polarized state of Brazilian society,
with many Bolsonaro supporters convinced that the election was stolen from them. The
riots and acts of violence that took place are a direct result of the heated political climate
in Brazil and the mistrust of democratic institutions by a large portion of the population. It
is important for the Brazilian government to address the concerns of those who feel
disenfranchised, while also holding those who committed violent acts accountable.
Kerala Becomes
JOIN Country's Firstor
@thehindu444 FullyThenewsmaster
Digital Banking State
Kerala has become the first state in India to enable digital banking in all eligible accounts.
According to the State-Level Bankers’ Committee (SLBC), the state now has at least one
product enabled digitally in 3.76 crore accounts. The state government, led by Chief
Minister Pinarayi Vijayan, has implemented this move under the ‘Expanding and
Deepening of Digital Payments Ecosystem’ scheme of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Thrissur: The First District to Implement Digital Banking
In 2021, Thrissur became the first district in Kerala to implement digital banking under the
scheme. This has been a major step towards digitization of the state’s economy, and the
government is hopeful that this will lead to a significant boost in the state’s economy.
Digital Banking as a Stimulus for the State Economy
The Chief Minister, Pinarayi Vijayan, has emphasized that digital banking targets can only
be fully achieved when there are sweeping social interventions that complement
infrastructure additions and technological advances in the banking sector. He said that
the digital divide should disappear for digital facilities and services to be universally
accessible.
Kerala Fiber Optic Network (KFON)
The state government has been working on the Kerala Fiber Optic Network (KFON)
project, which is aimed at providing cost-effective internet access to the public. The Chief
Minister has announced that 90% of the work on the project has been completed and that
optical fibre cable has been drawn over a distance of 17,155 km. The project envisions
linking government offices to the network and arranging over 2,000 free Wi-Fi hotspots
across the state.
Cybercrimes and Digital Literacy
The government is also aware of the need to be vigilant against cybercrimes in the
banking sector. The state police has created an Economic Offences Wing to tackle such
offences. However, the government has stressed that preventing cybercrimes through
public awareness and cooperation of the banking sector is of paramount importance.
To raise digital literacy among citizens, the government has undertaken a programme
through local bodies. Kerala has won three awards at the recent Digital India Awards
instituted by the Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of
India, which is a testament to the state’s commitment to implementing efficient digital
mechanisms.
January 11, 2023
India Hosts "The Voice of Global South" Summit, Gathers 120 Countries
India will host the virtual ‘The Voice of Global South’ Summit on January 12-13, according
to Foreign Secretary Vinay Kwatra. The summit will bring together 120 countries from the
Global South to share their perspectives and priorities on a common platform. India
currently holds the presidency of the G20 group, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi has
indicated that priorities would be shaped in consultation with developing countries.
Theme and Sessions
The theme of the JOIN
summit@thehindu444
is ‘Unity of Voice, Unity of Purpose’, and it will consist of ten
or Thenewsmaster
sessions over the course of two days. The inaugural and concluding sessions will be at the
head of state or government level and will be hosted by the Prime Minister. The theme of
the Inaugural Leaders’ session is ‘Voice of Global South – for Human-Centric
Development’, and the theme of the Concluding Leaders’ session is ‘Unity of Voice -Unity
of Purpose’.
Eight ministerial sessions will take place on the following themes:
Finance Ministers’ session on ‘Financing People-Centric Development’
Environment Ministers’ session on ‘Balancing Growth with Environment Friendly
Lifestyles (LiFE)’
Foreign Ministers’ session on ‘Priorities of the Global South – Ensuring a Conducive
Environment’
Energy Ministers’ session on ‘Energy Security and Development – Roadmap to
Prosperity’
Health Ministers’ session on ‘Cooperation to Build Resilient Healthcare Systems’
Education Ministers session on ‘Human Resource Development and Capacity
Building’
Commerce and Trade Ministers’ session on ‘Developing Synergies in the Global
South – Trade, Technology, Tourism and Resources’
What is Global North and Global South?
The classification of countries as ‘Global North’ or ‘Global South’ is based on similarities in
terms of wealth, indicators of education and healthcare, etc. ‘Global North’ refers loosely
to countries like the US, Canada, Europe, Russia, Australia, and New Zealand, while ‘Global
South’ includes countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. In recent years, some
countries in the Global South, such as India and China, have experienced significant
economic growth, challenging the idea that the North is the ideal.
The Global South and Geo-economics
The Global South is actively pursuing geo-economics, and fears of the US strategy of
freezing dollar reserves has made the South cautious. The recent announcement by the
US of its trade policies of ‘re-shoring’ and ‘friend-shoring’ has led the South to find ways
of bypassing the dollar in bilateral trade by using local currencies. Currency swap
arrangements are used by China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
+ 3 countries, and India with Russia and 23 other countries.
India as the Voice of Global South
India is eager to become a bridge between the North and the South by focusing on
practical outcomes rather than returning to old ideological battles. To achieve this, India
must actively engage with the messy regional politics within the developing world and
come to terms with the fact that the Global South is not a coherent group and does not
have a single shared agenda. This demands a tailored Indian policy to different regions
and groups of the developing world. If India can translate this ambition into effective
policy, there will be no contradiction between the simultaneous pursuit of universal and
particular goals. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Bengaluru Dominates Startup Funding in India with $10.8 Billion in 2022
In 2022, Bengaluru, the technology capital of India, has topped the startup funding chart
with a whopping $10.8 billion, according to data provided by Tracxn, a global market
intelligence platform. Mumbai, the financial capital of India, followed close behind with
$3.9 billion, while Gurugram took the third spot with $2.6 billion in funding. The cities of
Delhi and Chennai each recorded $1.2 billion in funding, and Pune had $1 billion in
funding.
Impact of Funding Winter
In 2021, Bengaluru-based startups had raised $20.8 billion in funding, while Mumbai-
based startups had pocketed $5.2 billion. This shows the impact of the deepening funding
winter last year. The number of unicorns, or startups valued at over $1 billion, in 2022 was
22, compared to 46 in 2021. The average funding before the unicorn round was around
$160 million, and it was taking an average of 5.1 years from Series A funding to the
unicorn round for Indian startups.
According to the Tracxn annual report, “India started experiencing funding winter in Q4 of
2021 and it has been on a declining trend since. Because of rising interest rates and fear of
a worldwide recession, investments across all industries have been impacted.” The
months of April, October, and November in 2022 saw no new unicorns.
Tech IPOs in 2022
A total of 11 tech initial public offerings (IPOs) were launched in 2022, matching the
number from the same period in 2021. Some of the major IPOs in 2022 included Delhivery,
Tracxn, and eMudhra.
Active Investors in 2022
LetsVenture, AngelList, and Y Combinator have topped the list of most active investors in
2022 to date, according to Tracxn.
Leading the Way in Edtech: Byju’s
Despite the impact on funding in the edtech sector, Byju’s has topped the list of the
highest funding raised in 2022. The edtech giant raised over $1.2 billion in 2022 from
existing investors, which amounted to almost 50% of the total funding received in the
edtech sector.
Bengaluru has proven to be the leading city for startup funding in India with $10.8 billion
in 2022. Despite the impact of the funding winter, Indian startups are still attracting
significant investments from active investors. The edtech sector, in particular, has seen
significant growth with Byju’s leading the way in funding raised. It would be interesting to
see how the funding landscape for startups in India will change in the coming years.
Anthropological study in rural China
For most people around the world, physical work takes up a significant amount of time
and energy every day. However, it is not always clear whether it is men or women who are
working harder in households. In hunter-gatherer societies, men are typically the hunters
and women are the gatherers. But what is the labor breakdown in other societies? A
recent study conducted
JOIN in@thehindu444
the Tibetan borderlands in rural China aimed to uncover the
or Thenewsmaster
factors that determine who works the hardest in a household and why.
Marriage and Bargaining Power
The majority of adults around the world are married. Marriage is a contract, so one would
expect roughly equal costs and benefits from the union for both parties. However,
unequal bargaining power in a household – such as one person threatening divorce – can
lead to unequal contributions to the partnership. The study hypothesis was that leaving
one’s natal area after heterosexual marriage to live with the spouse’s family may
contribute to a higher level of workload.
Dispersal Patterns in Marriage
In such marriages, the new person typically is not related to and does not share a history
with anyone in their new household. Without blood relatives around them, they might
therefore be at a disadvantage when it comes to bargaining power.
The most common form of marriage around the world is where women are the
“dispersers”, leaving their native home, while men stay with their families in their
natal area. This is known as Patrilocality.
Neolocality – in which both sexes disperse at marriage and the couple lives in a new
place away from both their families – is another common practice in many parts of
the world.
Matrilocality – where women stay in the natal family and men move to live with the
wife and her family – is quite rare.
Duolocality – where neither sex leaves home and husband and wife live apart – is
very rarely seen.
Women work harder
In the diverse Tibetan borderlands, all four of these different dispersal patterns can be
found across various ethnic groups. The study focused on rural villages from six different
ethnic cultures. With collaborators from Lanzhou University in China, the researchers
interviewed more than 500 people about their dispersal status after marriage and invited
them to wear an activity tracker (like a fitbit) to assess their workloads.
The first finding was that women worked much harder than men and contributed most of
the fruits of this labor to their families. This was evidenced both by their own reports of
how much they worked and by their activity trackers. Women walked on average just over
12,000 steps per day, while men walked just over 9,000 steps. Men also worked hard, but
less so than women. They spent more time in leisure or social activities, or just hanging
around and resting.

The study highlights that physical weakness may be one reason for the imbalance in
workload, but the main factor is the dispersal status after marriage. Individuals who
disperse at marriage to live away from their kin have higher workloads than those who
stay with their natal families. Perfect sex equality in workload only occurs in instances
where men disperse and women do not. These results help us to understand why women
globally disperse, but men generally do not. Dispersal is especially bad for men – adding
about 2,000 more JOIN
steps per day to their step count,
@thehindu444 but only adding about 1,000 steps per
or Thenewsmaster
day for women.
Union Minister Narayan Rane launches web portal for RAMP
In an effort to scale up the implementation capacity and coverage of Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the country, the Minister of MSMEs, Narayan Rane
recently launched the web portal for the Rs 6,062.45 crore World Bank-assisted central
government scheme, Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP).
Key Points
The scheme was originally announced back in 2020 to support Covid-hit MSMEs in
the country and aims to improve the performance of 5.55 lakh MSMEs, according to a
World Bank statement.
The launch of the web portal for the RAMP scheme is a step towards providing much-
needed support to MSMEs in India that have been affected by the Covid-19
pandemic.
The scheme, which is backed by both the World Bank and the Indian government,
aims to improve the performance of MSMEs in the country by supporting
institutional and policy reforms, research studies, and technology upgradation.
The scheme will initially be implemented in five states, with the goal of eventually
scaling up to cover MSMEs throughout India.
About the RAMP Scheme
The RAMP scheme, which has a budget of Rs 6,062.45 crore, was approved by the World
Bank in June 2021. Of the total budget, Rs 3,750 crore was approved by the World Bank,
while the remaining Rs 2,312.45 crore will be funded by the government. The scheme aims
to improve the performance of 5.55 lakh MSMEs in the country and will be overseen by a
National MSME Council headed by the MSME Minister.
The budget for the RAMP scheme will be used for supporting institutional and policy
reforms, research studies, integration of portals within the ministries/departments,
increasing firm-level capabilities through technology upgradation, and reducing the
incidence of delayed payments over a five-year period beginning in FY23.
Implementation of the RAMP Scheme
During the first year of implementation, FY23, the RAMP scheme will invite states and
union territories to prepare a financing roadmap called Strategic Investment Plans (SIPs).
The projects or businesses proposed in the SIPs will be funded based on their appraisals
by the MSME Ministry. The scheme will begin with five states – Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Punjab, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu, which are home to reportedly 54% of all registered
MSMEs in the country.
The financial support under the RAMP scheme will be routed into the MSME Ministry’s
budget against ‘Disbursement Linked Indicators’ (DLIs) to back the ministry’s various
MSME programs. The DLIs will include the National MSME Reform Agenda, accelerating
MSME sector center-state collaboration, strengthening the invoice discounting market for
MSMEs, and boosting the effectiveness of the CGTMSE scheme.
Gujarat and Rajasthan
JOIN Emerge as Topor
@thehindu444 Investment Destinations in India
Thenewsmaster
According to data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), Gujarat has
surpassed all other Indian states in attracting new investments from both domestic and
foreign corporations. Fresh investments worth Rs 3.98 trillion were announced for Gujarat
during the financial year (FY) 2022, representing a 273 percent increase over the FY 2021
figure of Rs 2.91 trillion.
Rajasthan, on the other hand, emerged as the second most attractive destination for
investments in India in FY 2022. Interestingly, the state witnessed the highest rate of
growth during the period, soaring by almost 535 percent and attracting new investments
worth Rs 2.37 trillion.
In this article, we will discuss why these two states are the leading investment destinations
in India.
Why Gujarat is an Ideal Investment Destination?
Gujarat is India’s top industrial state in terms of manufacturing capacity, investment
opportunities, and operational special economic zones.
Gujarat is the second-largest producer of crude oil (onshore) and the fourth largest
producer of natural gas, and it hosts the world’s largest petroleum refining hub at
Jamnagar district.
Gujarat’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) which reached USD260 billion in FY
2022 and showed a 7 percent year-over-year (y-o-y) growth rate, is anticipated to
reach USD280 billion in FY 2023.
Gujarat has 42 ports, comprising one major port and 41 non-major ports in terms of
logistics and connectivity.
Gujarat is an ideal investment destination due to its industrial and investment-
friendly policies and is one of the leading industrialized states in India. The state is
recognized as an “Achiever” among the coastal states by DPIIT in Logistics Ease
(LEADS 2022).
There are 21 operational Special Economic Zones (SEZs), with 26 SEZs having formal
approvals, eight notified Special Investment Regions (SIR), and 202 industrial
derivatives in Gujarat.
Gujarat is a leader in chemical manufacturing in India. The state has India’s first
Petroleum, Chemicals, and Petrochemicals Investment Region for the manufacturing
of petroleum products, chemicals, and petrochemicals.
Gujarat is also producing a significant amount of green energy. In comparison to
7,541.5 megawatts (MW) in FY 2020, the state’s operational capacity for producing
electricity from wind energy sources currently stands at 8,561.8 MW.
To attract offshore financial market investors, India’s first International Financial
Services Centre (IFSC) has been set up in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT
City).
Why Rajasthan is an Ideal Investment Destination?
One of the main reasons for Rajasthan’s attractiveness as an investment destination
is its strategic
JOINlocation. As India’s largest
@thehindu444 state by area, it borders five other
or Thenewsmaster
significant Indian states: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and
Gujarat. Around 40 percent of the Indian market is accessible through this state’s
bordering states, and it also acts as a vital transportation link between the northern
Indian states and the ports along India’s western coast. This makes Rajasthan an
ideal location for companies looking to expand their market reach in India.
Another factor that makes Rajasthan an attractive investment destination is its
skilled workforce which has resulted in a large pool of skilled workers in various
fields. This is particularly true for the service sector, which contributed around 45
percent of the state’s gross value added (GVA) at current prices in FY 2021.
Rajasthan is also a major mineral producing state in India, with 82 major and minor
minerals. The state produces more minerals than any other state in India, with
limestone, copper ore, silver, rock phosphate, and gypsum being the top
commodities.
The state has a diversified industry base, with leading industries such as Agri-
processing, automotive, IT/ITES, petrochemicals, renewable energy, and textiles.
More than 100 automotive and auto-component manufacturing units as well as
about 850 factories in the food processing sector are located in the state.
The state’s economic profile is also impressive, with its GSDP reaching Rs 11.96
trillion in FY 2022, up 11.06 percent y-o-y. The state’s per-capita income was Rs
1,35,000 during that time. This economic growth has resulted in an increase in
investment in the state, with companies such as Adani investing in Rajasthan.

According to data from Invest India, during the period from October 2019 to
September 2022, Rajasthan received FDI inflows of USD1.88 billion. This indicates the
growing interest of foreign investors in the state and its potential for further
economic growth.
Kerala 'Year of Enterprises' Project
The Kerala government’s ‘Year of Enterprises’ project has been selected as a best
practices model in the thrust on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) session
during the recent Chief Secretaries National Conference held in the national capital. The
project, which began in the current fiscal, aimed at creating one lakh enterprises in one
year. However, the state government achieved this goal in just eight months, setting a
new benchmark for promoting small and medium-sized enterprises in India.
Creating Enterprises at an unprecedented scale:
The project was aimed at creating one lakh enterprises in one year and the state
government achieved this goal in eight months. In November, as many as 1,01,353
enterprises were set up under the project, and the total investment stood at around Rs
6,282 crore. This is an unprecedented scale of creating enterprises in such a short period
of time and showcases the dedication of the Kerala government towards promoting
MSMEs in the state.
Efficient Infrastructure and Ease of Doing Business:
The Kerala government JOIN has made significantor
@thehindu444 efforts to improve the infrastructure and
Thenewsmaster
ease of doing business in the state. The government has streamlined the process of
starting and running a business, making it easier for entrepreneurs to get their ventures
off the ground. In addition, the government has also provided easier access to land and
other resources to entrepreneurs. These efforts have helped to create a conducive
environment for MSMEs to grow and thrive in the state.
Financial Assistance and Training:
The Kerala government has set up a dedicated fund for MSMEs, which provides financial
assistance to eligible businesses. In addition, the project also provides training and
mentorship to MSMEs to help them improve their business skills and knowledge. This is an
important aspect of the project as it helps to ensure that entrepreneurs are equipped with
the necessary knowledge and skills to run their businesses effectively.
Networking Opportunities:
The project also provides networking opportunities for MSMEs through events and trade
fairs. These events bring entrepreneurs in contact with potential investors, customers, and
suppliers, which helps to expand their business network. This is crucial for the growth and
development of MSMEs as it helps to increase their visibility and access to new markets.
Economic Impact:
The ‘Year of Enterprises’ project is expected to create job opportunities and boost the
state’s economy. The state government’s target of creating 1 lakh new enterprises in the
state over the next year is expected to lead to the creation of 2 lakh jobs. This is a
significant step forward in promoting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises
in Kerala, which will have a positive impact on the state’s economy.
Uttarakhand Women Reservation Bill
Uttarakhand Governor Lt Gen (Retd) Gurmit Singh has approved a bill providing 30%
horizontal reservation for domiciled women citizens of the state in public services and
posts. The bill, known as the Uttarakhand Public Services (Horizontal Reservation for
Women) Bill 2022, was passed by the Uttarakhand assembly during the winter session on
November 30. This move is a significant step forward in ensuring gender equality and
social justice in the state’s government jobs.
Reservation for Women
The bill provides for 20% horizontal reservation for direct recruitment in public services
and posts in the vacancies to be recruited until July 24, 2006. After that, 30% horizontal
reservation will be given in favor of the women candidates permanently domiciled in
Uttarakhand. The bill cites the need for reservation for women as a way to ensure “social
justice, equality of opportunity, improvement in living standards.”
Need for the Bill
The bill was introduced following developments in the Uttarakhand high court, where the
women reservation was challenged. On August 24, the high court had stayed the 2006
state government order regarding providing 30% reservation in state services to women
having domicile of the state until further orders. The petitioners had argued that the state
government had no power
JOIN to provide domicile-based
@thehindu444 reservation as the Constitution of
or Thenewsmaster
India allows reservation on the basis of domicile only by an act of parliament.
Cabinet Approval
On October 12, the state cabinet authorized Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami to bring
an ordinance on the issue of women’s reservation in the state government jobs. This
move came after the high court ruling and was aimed at ensuring that the 30%
reservation for women in state services would be implemented.
Reactions
The approval of the bill has been welcomed by various organizations and individuals
working towards gender equality and women’s empowerment. The bill is seen as a
positive step towards ensuring gender equality and providing equal opportunities to
women in the state. The reservation will give women more opportunities to participate in
the workforce and contribute to the state’s economy.
In conclusion, the bill providing 30% horizontal reservation for domiciled women citizens
of the state in public services and posts has been approved by Uttarakhand Governor Lt
Gen (Retd) Gurmit Singh. The bill, which was passed by the Uttarakhand assembly during
the winter session on November 30, is a significant step forward in ensuring gender
equality and social justice in the state’s government jobs. The reservation will give women
more opportunities to participate in the workforce and contribute to the state’s economy,
which will ultimately improve the living standards of the citizens of Uttarakhand.
Draft Regulation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants Rules, 2022

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) on January 04, 2023,
issued Draft Regulation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants Rules, 2022. These
regulations aim to ensure that adequate upstream and downstream conveyance
linkages/channels are in place for the proper carriage of effluent, as well as to provide
guidelines for the management of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs).
Roles and Responsibilities
The draft regulations outline the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders
involved in the operation and maintenance of CETPs.
State Governments/SPCBs/PCCs
The State Government or its agencies are responsible for ensuring that adequate
upstream and downstream conveyance linkages/channels are in place for the proper
carriage of effluent. They will work closely with CETP operating agencies to manage the
CETP professionally.
CETP Operating Agencies
In order to manage the CETP professionally, there shall be a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
or Society (registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860) or Trust (registered
under an appropriate statute), which would be responsible for the entire operation and
maintenance of CETP. These agencies are responsible for ensuring that the CETP meets
the outlet norms of their individual PETPs, as prescribed in the consents issued by
SPCBs/PCCs. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Member Industries of a CETP
Member industries of a CETP are also held responsible for their actions under the draft
regulations. They are expected to discharge the trade effluent meeting the outlet norms
of their individual PETPs, as prescribed in the consents issued by SPCBs/PCCs. This will
help in maintaining the overall quality of effluent and the environment.
Overall, these draft regulations aim to provide a clear and defined framework for the
management of CETPs, while also ensuring the protection of the environment. It assigns
responsibilities to different stakeholders and ensures that adequate measures are taken
to properly manage effluent. These regulations will help to safeguard the environment
and the health of people living near CETPs.
Statement on climate of India during 2022
In 2022, the annual mean land surface air temperature in India was 0.510C above the long-
term average (1981-2010 period). This made the year the fifth warmest on record since
nationwide records began in 1901. Despite this, it was lower than the highest warming
observed over India during 2016, which had an anomaly of 0.710C, but higher than the
previous year, 2021, which had an anomaly of 0.440C.
Temperature Analysis
The all-India mean temperatures during the winter season (January to February) were
normal, with an anomaly of -0.04°C. However, during other seasons, the temperatures
were above normal. The pre-monsoon season (March to May) had an anomaly of ±1.06°C,
the monsoon season (June to September) had an anomaly of +0.36°C and the post-
monsoon season (October to December) had an anomaly of +0.52°C.
Global Temperature
Global mean temperature in 2022 is currently estimated to be 1.15 ± 0.13 °C above the
preindustrial (1850-1900) average. This is likely to make the past eight years (2015-2022)
the warmest on record. Despite La Niña conditions keeping global temperature low for
the second consecutive year, 2022 is still most likely to be the 5th or 6th warmest year on
record.
Rainfall Analysis
The rainfall over India in 2022 was 108% of its Long Period Average (LPA) value based on
the period 1971-2020. During the winter season, the rainfall was 147% of its LPA, pre-
monsoon season rainfall was 99% of its LPA, the southwest monsoon season had rainfall
106 % of its LPA, and the post-monsoon season had rainfall 119% of its LPA.
Extreme Weather Events

During 2022, 15 cyclonic disturbances formed over the north Indian Ocean, against the
normal of 11.2 based on data from 1965-2021. It included three cyclones, seven
depressions formed over the Bay of Bengal, three depressions over the Arabian Sea, and
two land depressions. In addition to these, extreme weather events like extremely heavy
rainfall, floods, landslides, lightning, thunderstorms, droughts etc were also experienced
in various parts of the country.
Overall, India witnessed
JOIN an@thehindu444
above-average temperature and above-average rainfall in the
or Thenewsmaster
year 2022. The year 2022 witnessed cyclonic disturbances and extreme weather events
which were above the average count, as well as the effect of global warming.
Levels & Trends in Child Mortality 2022
In 2021, a staggering 5 million children died before reaching their fifth birthday. This is a
tragedy on a personal level, and a setback to global development. The root cause of many
of these deaths is a lack of access to basic rights such as quality healthcare, vaccinations,
food, clean water, and sanitation. Despite ongoing efforts, preventable communicable and
infectious diseases continue to take the lives of innocent children. This article will explore
the impact of preventable child deaths in 2021 and what needs to be done to ensure the
survival of the most vulnerable children, adolescents, and youth.
Different Chances of Survival for Children
Children around the world face vastly different chances of survival. In 2021, the global
under-five mortality rate was 38 deaths per 1,000 live births. However, in sub-Saharan
Africa, the rate was 74 deaths per 1,000 live births. In low-income countries, the under-five
mortality rate was 67 deaths per 1,000 live births, compared to just 5 deaths per 1,000 live
births in high-income countries. The situation is similarly dire for older children and youth
in sub-Saharan Africa, who face the highest probability of dying.
Deaths Concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia
The burden of child deaths is disproportionately concentrated in certain regions of the
world. In 2021, more children and youth died in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia
than in all other regions combined. Over 80% of under-five deaths and about 70% of all
deaths among 5-24-year-olds occurred in these two regions. This highlights the need for
increased recognition, prioritization, and action in these areas.
Vulnerability during the First 28 Days of Life
The first 28 days of life remain the most critical period for child survival. In 2021,
approximately 2.3 million children died during the first month of life, or about 6,400 babies
every day. These deaths accounted for nearly 47% of all under-five deaths that year.
Children in sub-Saharan Africa continue to face the greatest risk of dying during this
period.
Addressing Mortality Among Children 1-59 Months
Children aged 1-59 months accounted for 2.7 million of 2021’s under-five deaths. This
burden is not evenly distributed across the world, with over 40% of all under-five deaths
globally in 2021 among children in this age group in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern
Asia. This highlights the need for renewed focus on addressing mortality among these
children.
Impact of Conflict and Emergencies
Conflict and emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, continue to pose a
significant threat to child survival. In 2021, the under-five mortality rate in countries
classified as fragile and conflict-affected was triple the rate in other countries. While there
is currently no systematic evidence of excess child mortality due to COVID-19, continued
monitoring is needed
JOINgiven the potential impact
@thehindu444 orofThenewsmaster
the pandemic on access to healthcare
and intervention provision.
Data Gaps Limiting Efforts to End Preventable Deaths
Data gaps are hindering efforts to end preventable child deaths. Quality data is vital to
monitoring the survival of children from the neonatal period to young adulthood,
particularly in conflict-affected situations. Investing in data collection mechanisms and
systems is an essential part of realizing children’s rights and achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
BharatPe Gets Nod for ePayment Aggregator Licence
Fintech unicorn BharatPe recently announced that it has received in-principle approval
from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as a Payment Aggregator. The approval
was granted to the company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Resilient Innovations Private Ltd.
This comes as a relief for BharatPe, which has been facing controversies and high-profile
exits since last year, including a court battle with its former co-founder.
Payment Aggregator Framework
Payment aggregators are entities that facilitate e-commerce sites and merchants to
accept various payment instruments from customers. They do not require merchants to
create a separate payment integration system of their own. The RBI had issued a Payment
Aggregator Framework, mandating payment gateways to obtain a license for acquiring
merchants and providing them with digital payment acceptance solutions. This in-
principle approval will help BharatPe to expand its reach and provide digital payment
acceptance solutions to millions of merchants.

Fintech Firms Approval
Several fintech firms like Razorpay, Pine Labs, Open, Cashfree, and 1Pay have already
received approval from the RBI for a Payment Aggregator license in recent months. Over
185 fintech enterprises and startups submitted their proposals for a Payment Aggregator
licence.
Conditions for Final Authorization
The final authorization for BharatPe is subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions,
which the company will work to fulfill within the given timelines. BharatPe, which was
founded in 2018, began by launching the first interoperable UPI code. It serves more than
1 crore merchants across 400+ cities.
BharatPe’s Current Situation
The company’s board is currently searching for a new CEO to replace Suhail Sameer, who
resigned from his position. Nalin Negi, the company’s Chief financial officer, has been
appointed as the interim CEO. He has previously worked with GE Capital and SBI Card.
This in-principal approval for Payment Aggregator license, is a vital step for BharatPe to
continue its operations and provide digital payment acceptance solutions.
The in-principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India for BharatPe to operate as a
Payment Aggregator is a significant milestone for the fintech unicorn, which has been
facing controversies and high-profile exits in recent times. The Payment Aggregator
framework established
JOIN by the RBI is aimedor
@thehindu444 to ease the process of digital payment
Thenewsmaster
acceptance solutions for merchants and BharatPe’s subsidiary Resilient Innovations
Private Ltd is one of the several fintech firms that have received the approval. The final
authorization is subject to certain conditions and the company is moving forward to fulfill
them within the given timelines.
Madhya Pradesh Global Investors Summit
On January 11, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will virtually inaugurate the 7th edition of
‘Invest Madhya Pradesh-Global Investors Summit’, a flagship event of the Madhya
Pradesh state government. The theme of the two-day summit is ‘Madhya Pradesh-The
Future Ready State’, showcasing the state’s industrial ecosystem and promoting its
policies to attract investment and spur growth. The virtual event will also feature
addresses from leaders of Guyana and Suriname, as well as India’s Union Commerce and
Industry Minister.
Key Objectives
The key objectives of the summit are to showcase the industrial ecosystem of Madhya
Pradesh, promote the state’s policies, consult with industrial organizations to formulate
industry-friendly policies, provide opportunities for collaboration, and promote export
potential through buyer-seller meets and vendor development. The event will bring
together a diverse group of international delegates, buyers, industrialists, and
representatives of various international industry associations, and representatives of all
G20 countries.
Participants
A total of 447 international delegates from 84 countries, 401 international buyers, more
than 5,000 industrialists, and representatives of various international industry
associations, and representatives of all G20 countries will take part in the event. The
summit provides an opportunity for participants to engage with the government and
industry leaders, explore investment opportunities, and network with potential partners
and clients.
Role of the Prime Minister
The virtual inaugural address by Prime Minister Modi will set the tone for the summit and
highlight the government’s commitment to attracting investment and promoting
economic growth in Madhya Pradesh. The participation of Guyana and Suriname
President, will also be an indication of the importance the international community places
on the opportunities available in the state.
India Conducts Successful Test Launch of Prithvi-II Ballistic Missile

India successfully carried out a test launch of the tactical ballistic missile Prithvi-II from a
test range off the Odisha coast on January 10. The missile successfully struck its target
with “high accuracy”, according to the Defence Ministry. The test validated all operational
and technical parameters of the missile, which is an integral part of India’s nuclear
deterrence capabilities.
The Test Launch
The test launch was
JOIN carried out on January
@thehindu444 or10 Thenewsmaster
from the Integrated Test Range in
Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha. The “user training launch” was conducted to validate
all operational and technical parameters of the missile, as well as to ensure the readiness
of the missile system.
Capabilities of Prithvi-II
Prithvi-II is a short-range ballistic missile, with a range of around 350 kilometres. It is well-
established system that has been an integral part of India’s nuclear deterrence. This
missile system will enable India to target enemy’s assets with high accuracy, and it will
make the country’s defense more robust.
Significance of the Test
The successful test launch of the Prithvi-II missile is significant in several ways. Firstly, it
demonstrates the readiness of India’s missile defense capabilities. Secondly, it validates
the technical and operational capabilities of the missile, which is an essential part of
India’s nuclear deterrence. This test has also boosted the confidence of the defense
system.
The successful test launch of Prithvi-II ballistic missile is a major milestone for India’s
defense capabilities. The missile’s ability to hit the target with high accuracy is a testimony
of the strength of the missile system. The test also validates all operational and technical
parameters of the missile, which makes it more robust. India’s nuclear deterrence
capabilities have been enhanced with the successful test launch of Prithvi-II, this will make
the country’s defense more robust.
26th National Youth Festival: Empowering the Youth of India

The Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, in collaboration with the Government of
Karnataka, is organizing the 26th National Youth Festival from January 12th to 16th in
Hubballi-Dharwad, Karnataka. The theme of this year’s festival is “Viksit Yuva Viksit
Bharat,” which aims to empower the youth of India and promote their active participation
in shaping the country’s future.
The festival will commence with an inaugural function that is expected to be attended by
more than 30,000 youth from across the country. The Prime Minister of India will share his
vision for the future with the young attendees, providing them with an opportunity to
engage with the country’s leaders and policymakers.
Learning Activities
During the five-day event, over 7500 youth delegates, who are recognized leaders in their
respective fields of activity, will come together to participate in a variety of learning
activities. These activities will include discussions on relevant themes such as student-
centric governance and Digital India, as well as exhibitions of traditional sports and
competitive cultural events like folk dance and folk song.
Adventure Sports
In addition to the learning activities, the festival will also include a wide range of
adventure sports, including scuba diving, providing young people with an opportunity to
experience new and exciting challenges.
Youth Summit JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
One of the highlights of the festival will be the Youth Summit, which will provide a
platform for two-way discussions on various themes, including the future of work,
industry, innovation, and 21st century skills, climate change and disaster risk reduction,
peacebuilding and reconciliation, shared future-youth in democracy and governance, and
health and well-being.
Many of the events at the festival will be live streamed across the nation, allowing crores
of young people to engage with the festival and its activities, despite not being able to
attend in person.
Green Festival
This year, the festival is being celebrated as a Green Youth Festival, where only reusable
cutlery, napkins, and other materials are being used. All mementos, medals, and
stationery are made of reusable materials, and water refilling stations have been set up to
reduce the use of disposables.
Yogathon
On January 15th, a YOGATHON is planned between 6 AM to 8 AM, which will mobilize 5
lakh people from across 31 districts of Karnataka.
"Observing Road Safety Week: A National Effort for Safer Roads"
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, is observing the Road
Safety Week from January 11th to 17th, 2023, as part of the “Swachhata Pakhwada”
initiative. The week-long observance aims to propagate the cause of safer roads for all and
create awareness among the general public about the importance of road safety.
Creating Awareness
During the Road Safety Week, various activities are being organized throughout the
country to create awareness among all stakeholders, including school and college
students, drivers, and other road users. These activities include Nukkad Nataks (Street
Shows) and Sensitization Campaigns at various locations in the Capital, as well as essay
writing and poster making competitions for school students.
Exhibition & Theatre Pavilion
Corporates, PSUs, and NGOs actively working in the field of road safety will also organize
exhibitions and theatre pavilions to educate the public about the causes of road accidents
and measures to prevent them. Additionally, Walkathon and talks/interactions with senior
officers will be held at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, Delhi.
Enforcement of Rules & Regulations
Road owning agencies such as NHAI, NHIDCL will conduct special drives throughout the
country related to compliance of traffic rules and regulations, pedestrian safety, eye
check-up camps for drivers, and other road engineering-related initiatives.
Involvement of Stakeholders
The Ministry has requested all Members of Parliament, State Governments, and related
stakeholders (including corporates, PSUs, NGOs, etc.) to actively participate in the event by
conducting awareness campaigns about road safety, first responder training, ensuring
strict enforcement of rules & regulations up to grass root levels, and conducting other
activities, workshops & advocacy programs related to road safety.
The observance of Road Safety Week is a national effort that brings together all
stakeholders to promote road safety and raise awareness about the importance of safer
roads for all. With the active participation of the government, citizens, and other
stakeholders, it is hoped that the week-long observance will lead to a reduction in road
accidents and make our roads safer for all.
Astro Night Sky Tourism at Kartvyapath
Astro tourism in India is set to take off with the National Council of Science Museums
(NCSM) in association with Nehru Memorial Museum & Library (NMML) organizing a sky
gazing event at India Gate Lawns, Kartavya Path, Delhi. The event is part of the “Azadi ka
Amrit Mahotsav” celebrations and is designed to be interactive and practical to attract
more people. The event was inaugurated by Minister of State for Culture, Arjun Ram
Meghwal on January 6 and will continue till January 8.
Background
An autonomous society under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, National
Council of Science Museums (NCSM) today, administers 25 Science Centres/Museums
spread all over India. Even though Astro tourism as a concept is not new to Europe and
the US, the trend has recently picked up in India, with more people traveling to remote
locations with clearer skies. The Ministry of Tourism recently launched a lot of initiatives to
discuss and explore this ecotourism concept through the webinar series ‘Dekho Apna
Desh’, bringing to fore efforts made by states like Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan and
Madhya Pradesh in the field.
Sky Gazing Event
The sky gazing event includes various activities such as Astro Talks by expert astronomers,
exhibition on Astronomy, storytelling related to celestial objects, experience of using a
telescope to see craters of the moon, astronomy activities, photographic panel exhibition,
and astro-photography. This event provides an opportunity to learn about the sky, stars,
planets and other celestial objects.
Emerging Astro Tourism Destinations
Building on the concept of Astro tourism, states like Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, and
Madhya Pradesh have demarcated dark sky reserves and sanctuaries, started astro-
photography and astro-activities, besides astro parks to give a boost to this segment.
Benital Village in Uttarakhand’s Chamoli District, Mandu in Madhya Pradesh, Jaipur in
Rajasthan and Hanle Village in Ladakh are emerging as strong destinations for Astro
tourism.
Significance of Astro Tourism
Astro-tourism, being a part of eco-tourism, prospers on sustainable travel and brings
travelers to remote corners of the country, and it not just parallels the existing popular
segment of adventure tourism but also is a more responsible form of traveling. This form
of tourism becomes even more significant at a time when the Ministry of Tourism has set
its hopes on the JOIN
upcoming National Tourism
@thehindu444 orPolicy which is aimed at implementing
Thenewsmaster
sustainable tourism in India.
The sky gazing event organized by NCSM and NMML is a step towards promoting Astro
tourism in India. With more and more states promoting sustainable travel and Astro
tourism, the future of this form of tourism looks bright. The event not only provides an
opportunity to learn about the sky but also helps to promote sustainable travel.
80th Golden Globe Awards
The 80th Golden Globe Awards were held on Wednesday in Beverly Hills, California. Due to
the ongoing pandemic and recent revelations about the lack of diversity and alleged
ethical lapses among the awards’ organizers, the gala did not have its usual star-studded
and raucous atmosphere that typically kicks off the annual movie awards season.
Winners of the Award
In the motion picture categories, Steven Spielberg’s The Fablemans won for Best
Motion Picture (Drama) and Banshees of Inisherin won for Best Motion Picture –
Musical or Comedy.
On the television side, HBO’s Game of Thrones prequel House of the Dragon won for
Best TV Series Drama, Kevin Costner won for Best Actor – Television Series, Drama
for Yellowstone, and Abbott Elementary won for Best Television Series – Musical or
Comedy.
Evan Peters won for Best Actor – Limited Series, Anthology Series or TV Movie for
Dahmer: Monster-The Jeffery Dahmer Story, and Amanda Seyfried won for Best
Actress – Limited Series, Anthology Series or TV Movie for The Dropout.

Best Director went to Steven Spielberg for The Fablemans, and Best Picture Non
English went to 1985 from Argentina, while RRR was among the nominees in the
category.
RRR at the Golden Globes
One of the films in contention at the Golden Globe awards was Telugu title RRR, directed
by SS Rajamouli. The film ultimately won the award for Best Original Song for “Naatu
Naatu” out of the two categories it was nominated for. It missed out on the award for Best
Non-English Language Film, which was won by Argentina’s 1985.
The film tells the story of two freedom fighters, Komaram Bheem and Alluri
Seetharamaraju, in British-occupied India during the 1920s, and features Jr NTR and Ram
Charan in lead roles, as well as Alia Bhatt, Ajay Devgn and British actors Ray Stevenson,
Alison Doody and Olivia Morris. The film was a box office success, grossing over ₹ 1,200
crore globally. RRR’s director, SS Rajamouli, and stars, Jr NTR and Ram Charan were in
attendance at the event, with Ram Charan being accompanied by his wife Upasana
Kamineni.
Previous Accolades
RRR has already won a plethora of international honours, including a win for Best Director
for Rajamouli at the New York Film Critics Circle Awards. The film has also submitted itself
for consideration in various Oscar categories and is expected to be nominated in at least
one category, if not more. @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
JOIN
The Golden Globe Awards
The Golden Globe Awards were held in Los Angeles and hosted by comedian Jerrod
Carmichael. The awards returned to the Hollywood mainstream after making internal
reforms following criticism of its allegedly racist and sexist voting practices. Last year’s
Golden Globes were boycotted by NBC, which broadcasts the show, and many of
Hollywood’s big stars led by Tom Cruise who returned his three Globes.
Despite the lack of glitz and glamour due to the ongoing pandemic and recent
controversies, the 80th Golden Globe Awards still featured a diverse and impressive group
of nominees and winners. RRR’s win for Best Original Song serves as yet another
recognition for the film on a global scale, and with potential Oscar nominations on the
horizon, it seems that the success of the film is far from over.
January 12, 2023
UAE announces blanket ban on single-use plastic shopping bags
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has announced that it will enforce a blanket ban on
single-use plastic shopping bags starting January 1, 2024. The decision, made by a
ministerial resolution, prohibits the import, production, and circulation of single-use
plastic shopping bags in the country. The move is aimed at protecting the environment
from plastic pollution and reducing dependence on single-use plastic.
Ban on Single-Use Materials
This ban on single-use plastic shopping bags serves as a prelude to banning products
made of single-use materials. Starting January 1, 2026, the UAE will ban plastic or foam
products like cups, plates, cutlery, containers, and boxes. These include items such as
spoons, forks, knives, chopsticks, straws, and stirrers.
Exemptions to the Ban
The decision excludes some products from the ban, including thin bag rolls used to keep
food items fresh. Products that are to be exported or re-exported are also exempt,
provided they are clearly labeled. Bags made out of recycled materials within the country
are also exempt.
Initiatives to Reduce Dependence on Single-Use Plastic
The authorities are urged to develop mechanisms to reduce the production of single-use
materials to package items including ear buds, cigarettes, wet wipes, and balloons, among
others. All stakeholders, including the authorities and consumers, are required to work
together to reduce dependence on single-use plastic and adopt initiatives to switch to
multi-use products. The authorities must also make sure that alternatives are readily
available at shopping centers and retail stores.
Previous Efforts to Regulate Plastic Usage
The announcement of the nationwide ban on single-use plastic bags follows similar efforts
by at least four emirates to regulate plastic usage. In Abu Dhabi, a ban on single-use
plastics went into effect on June 1, while in Dubai, retailers have been charging 25 fils per
bag since July 1. Sharjah introduced a 25-fil tariff per single-use plastic bags from October
1, 2022, with a ban set to@thehindu444
JOIN go into effect fromor
January 1, 2024. Umm Al Quwain banned
Thenewsmaster
single-use plastics from January 1, 2023.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY)
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY) is an integrated food security scheme
launched by the Central Government of India in January 2023. The scheme aims to provide
free foodgrains to more than 80 crore poor people across the country.
Background
The scheme has been introduced amid the criticism from the opposition over the
discontinuation of the free monthly distribution of 5 kilograms of foodgrains to poor
people under a scheme that was also known as PMGKAY. The previous scheme was
launched in April 2020 in response to the coronavirus pandemic and ended in December
2022.
Integration of existing schemes
The Central Government decided to subsume PMGKAY into two existing food subsidy
schemes. The new integrated food security scheme, named Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Ann Yojana (PMGKAY), came into force from January 1, 2023.
Implementation
Under the new scheme, free foodgrains will be provided to the poor beneficiaries as per
the entitlement under the National Food Security Act (NFSA). The entitlement of
foodgrains per person per month is 5 kg for priority households category and 35 kg per
family per month for Antodaya Anna Yojna (AAY) families. Until December 2022, the NFSA
beneficiaries were getting their foodgrains entitlement at a highly subsidised rate of ₹1,
₹2, and ₹3 per kg for coarse cereals, wheat and rice, respectively. However, from January
2023, the beneficiaries will get it for free.
Budget allocation
The Central Government will spend more than ₹2 lakh crore in 2023 as food subsidy under
the NFSA and other welfare schemes to remove the financial burden of the poor.
Necessary steps have already been taken for smooth implementation of the PMGKAY in
the field. The Ministry and state-run Food Corporation of India (FCI) officials are regularly
interacting with state government officers for smooth roll out of the new scheme.
The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY) aims to provide free foodgrains to
more than 80 crore poor people across the country. The integration of the scheme into
two existing food subsidy schemes is expected to improve the overall implementation and
reach of the scheme to the needy people. The Central Government is expected to spend
more than ₹2 lakh crore in 2023 as food subsidy under the NFSA and other welfare
schemes to remove the financial burden of the poor.
Henley Passport Index : India Ranks 85th on the Henley Passport Index
For frequent travelers, the strength of a passport can mean more access and mobility to
foreign markets and economies. The latest Henley Passport Index, which ranks passports
based on their power and mobility, has some good news for Indian passport holders.
India now stands at 85th position, two places ahead of last year’s 87th spot. According to
the index, an Indian passport
JOIN holder now has or
@thehindu444 visa-free access to 59 countries, compared
Thenewsmaster
to 60 last year while Iraq and Afghanistan is on the last spot.
Top 10 Strongest Passports
According to the index, the strongest passport is defined by the number of countries
people with a passport can visit visa-free or visa-on-arrival. The top 10 strongest passports
in the world are:
1. Japan (193)
2. Singapore/South Korea (192)
3. Germany/Spain (190)
4. Finland/Italy/Luxembourg (189)
5. Austria/Denmark/Netherlands/Sweden (188)
6. France/Ireland/Portugal/United Kingdom (187)
7. Belgium/Czech Republic/New Zealand/Norway/Switzerland/United States (186)
8. Australia/Canada/Greece/Malta (185)
9. Hungary/Poland (184)
10. Lithuania/Slovakia (183)
Why Does it Matter?
A strong passport can make it easier for individuals to travel internationally for business,
tourism, and study. It can also provide greater access to foreign markets and economies,
which can be beneficial for individuals and businesses.
India’s Position in the Index
India ranks 85th on the index, up two places from last year’s 87th position. Despite having
the world’s fifth-largest economy, Indian passport holders can access only 59 destinations
worldwide and only 6.7% of global GDP, of which India’s own GDP accounts for about half.
Indian passport holders have lost visa-free access to Serbia. Starting January 1, 2023,
Indian passport holders are required to apply for a visa to enter the country, unlike in the
past when visa-free travel to the country for 90 days was allowed. Indian passport holders
can travel visa-free to 59 destinations such as Bhutan, Indonesia, Macao, Maldives, Nepal,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Iran, and Qatar.
Some countries require visa-on-arrival.
What is the Henley Passport Index?
The Henley Passport Index is prepared by London-based Henley and Partners, a global
citizenship and residence advisory firm. The index claims to be the “original ranking of all
the world’s passports”, and is updated quarterly according to countries’ visa policy
changes. It gathers data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), which
manages inter-airline cooperation globally. The index covers 227 destinations and 199
passports, and compares the visa-free access of 199 different passports to 227 travel
destinations. If no visa is required, then a score with value = 1 is created for that passport.
The same applies if you can obtain a visa on arrival, a visitor’s permit, or an electronic
travel authority (ETA) when entering the destination.
World Bank's
JOIN Latest Report on Global
@thehindu444 Economic Prospects
or Thenewsmaster
The World Bank has released its latest report on Global Economic Prospects, outlining a
slowdown in global growth due to a variety of factors including elevated inflation, higher
interest rates, reduced investment, and disruptions caused by Russia’s invasion of
Ukraine. The report warns that any additional negative developments, such as a
resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic or escalating geopolitical tensions, could push the
global economy into recession, marking the first time in more than 80 years that two
global recessions have occurred within the same decade.
Growth Projections
According to the report, the global economy is projected to grow by 1.7% in 2023 and 2.7%
in 2024. The downturn in growth is expected to be widespread, with forecasts in 2023
revised down for 95% of advanced economies and nearly 70% of emerging market and
developing economies. Over the next two years, per-capita income growth in emerging
market and developing economies is projected to average 2.8%, a full percentage point
lower than the 2010-2019 average.
Impact on Developing Countries
The report highlights that the crisis facing development is intensifying as the global
growth outlook deteriorates. Emerging and developing countries are facing a multi-year
period of slow growth driven by heavy debt burdens and weak investment as global
capital is absorbed by advanced economies. This will result in a weakness in growth and
business investment, compounding the already-devastating reversals in education, health,
poverty, and infrastructure, as well as the increasing demands from climate change. In
Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for about 60% of the world’s extreme poor, growth in
per capita income over 2023-24 is expected to average just 1.2%, a rate that could cause
poverty rates to rise, not fall.
Advanced Economies
Growth in advanced economies is projected to slow from 2.5% in 2022 to 0.5% in 2023.
Over the past two decades, slowdowns of this scale have foreshadowed a global
recession. In the United States, growth is forecast to fall to 0.5% in 2023, the weakest
performance outside of official recessions since 1970. In 2023, Euro-area growth is
expected at zero percent, and in China, growth is projected at 4.3% in 2023.
Emerging Market and Developing Economies
Excluding China, growth in emerging market and developing economies is expected to
decelerate from 3.8% in 2022 to 2.7% in 2023, reflecting significantly weaker external
demand compounded by high inflation, currency depreciation, tighter financing

conditions, and other domestic headwinds. By the end of 2024, GDP levels in emerging
and developing economies will be roughly 6% below levels expected before the pandemic.
Although global inflation is expected to moderate, it will remain above pre-pandemic
levels.
Investment Growth
The report also offers a comprehensive assessment of the medium-term outlook for
investment growth in emerging
JOIN market and developing
@thehindu444 economies. Over the 2022-2024
or Thenewsmaster
period, gross investment in these economies is likely to grow by about 3.5% on
average—less than half the rate that prevailed in the previous two decades. The report
suggests a menu of options for policymakers to accelerate investment growth, such as
establishing sound fiscal and monetary policy frameworks and undertaking
comprehensive reforms in the investment climate.
Incentive scheme for promotion of RuPay Debit Cards
The Indian government has recently approved an incentive scheme worth Rs 2,600 crore
to promote Rupay debit card and low-value BHIM-UPI transactions in the current financial
year. The decision was made during a meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs (CCEA), headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Promoting Digital Payments
Union Minister Bhupender Yadav announced that the incentives will be given for the use
of Rupay debit cards and BHIM-UPI, and that it will be provided to banks for promoting
Point of Sale (PoS) and e-commerce transactions using RuPay and UPI.
This scheme is in line with Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement in
last year’s budget speech, which outlined the government’s intent to continue supporting
digital payments. The focus was on promoting digital payments platforms that are
economical and user-friendly, with the aim of building a robust digital payments
ecosystem in India.
Growing Popularity of UPI
UPI, or Unified Payments Interface, has seen a record number of transactions in
December 2022. With 782.9 crore digital payment transactions worth Rs 12.82 lakh crore, it
has become a popular digital payment method in India. The scheme will also promote UPI
Lite and UPI123PAY as economical and user-friendly digital payments.
Promoting Exports, Organic Products, and Seeds
The Indian government has also approved a plan to set up three new cooperatives to
promote exports, organic products and seeds. Union Minister Bhupender Yadav
announced that the Cabinet has approved the establishment of the National Export
Society, National Cooperative Society for Organic Products and National Level Multi-state
Seed Cooperative Society.
These cooperatives, which are associated with farmers, farmers’ income and agriculture
production, will help realize the vision of “Sahakar Se Samriddhi” (prosperity through
cooperatives), and boost rural growth and farmers’ income.

National level Multi-state cooperative export society
Recently, the Indian government has approved the setting up and promotion of a National
Level multi-state cooperative export society. The decision was made during a meeting of
the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The society will operate
under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies (MSCS) Act, 2002 with support from relevant
Ministries, especially the Ministry of External Affairs and Department of Commerce,
Ministry of Commerce
JOINand Industry throughor
@thehindu444 their export-related policies, schemes &
Thenewsmaster
agencies by following the ‘Whole of Government Approach’.
Unlocking the Export Potential of Indian Cooperatives
The proposed society aims to provide a thrust to exports from the cooperative sector by
acting as an umbrella organization for carrying out and promoting exports. This will help
unlock the export potential of Indian cooperatives in global markets, said a press release
Cabinet. It will also help cooperatives get benefits of various export-related schemes and
policies of different ministries of the Government of India in a focused manner through
the ‘Whole of Government Approach’, added the press release.
Promoting Inclusive Growth through Cooperatives
This will also help in achieving the goal of “Sahakar-se-Samriddhi” through the inclusive
growth model of cooperatives where the members would benefit both by the realization
of better prices through the export of their goods and services and also by dividends
distributed out of the surplus generated by the society.
Increasing Employment and Production
Higher exports through the proposed society will increase production of goods and
services by the cooperatives at various levels thus leading to more employment in the
cooperative sector. The processing of goods and enhancing the services to match
international standards will also generate additional employment.
Promoting “Make in India”
Increased export of cooperative products would, in turn, also promote “Make in India”
thus leading to Atmanirbhar Bharat.

National-level Multi-state Seed Cooperative Society
In addition to the National Level Multi-state Cooperative Export Society, the cabinet has
also approved the setting up of the National-level Multi-state Seed Cooperative Society. It
will help increase the Seed Replacement Rate (SRR), and Varietal Replacement Rate (VRR),
ensuring the role of farmers in quality seed cultivation and seed variety trials, production,
and distribution of certified seeds with a single brand name by utilizing the network of all
levels of cooperatives.
The society will act as an apex organization for the production, procurement, processing,
branding, labelling, packaging, storage, marketing, and distribution of quality seeds;
strategic research and development; and the development of a system for the
preservation and promotion of indigenous natural seeds; through various cooperative
societies across the country, stated a Ministry of Cooperation statement issued following
the Cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

NASA spots Earth-sized, rocky Planet
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has discovered a second
Earth-sized, rocky planet within the habitable zone of its star – the range of distances
where liquid water could occur on a planet’s surface. The planet, named TOI 700 e, is one
of only a few systems with multiple, small, habitable-zone planets that we know of. The
discovery was made by a team led by Emily Gilbert, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA’s Jet
Propulsion Laboratory
JOIN in Southern California. or Thenewsmaster
@thehindu444
Previously Discovered Planets in the TOI 700 System
Astronomers have previously discovered three planets in the TOI 700 system, named TOI
700 b, c, and d. Planet d also orbits within the habitable zone, but the scientists needed an
additional year of TESS observations to discover TOI 700 e. “That makes the TOI 700
system an exciting prospect for additional follow up. Planet e is about 10 per cent smaller
than planet d, so the system also shows how additional TESS observations help us find
smaller and smaller worlds,” said Gilbert.
About the TOI 700 Star System
TOI 700 is a small, cool M dwarf star located around 100 light-years away in the southern
constellation Dorado. In 2020, Gilbert and others announced the discovery of the Earth-
size, habitable-zone planet d, which is on a 37-day orbit, along with two other worlds. The
innermost planet, TOI 700 b, is about 90 per cent Earth’s size and orbits the star every 10
days. TOI 700 c is over 2.5 times bigger than Earth and completes an orbit every 16 days.
Habitable Zone and Tidal Locking
The newly discovered planet, TOI 700 e, takes 28 days to orbit its star, placing it between
planets c and d in the so-called optimistic habitable zone. Scientists define the optimistic
habitable zone as the range of distances from a star where liquid surface water could be
present at some point in a planet’s history. This area extends to either side of the
conservative habitable zone, the range where researchers hypothesize liquid water could
exist over most of the planet’s lifetime. TOI 700 d orbits in this region. TOI 700 e, which
may also be tidally locked, is one of the planets that have the possibility of having liquid
water on its surface.
Significance of the Discovery
“Finding other systems with Earth-size worlds in this region helps planetary scientists
learn more about the history of our own solar system,” said Gilbert. The discovery was
presented by Gilbert at the 241st meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle,
and a paper about the newly discovered planet was accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. The discovery of TOI 700 e expands the known sample of potentially habitable
rocky planets, and opens the door to future studies to understand the habitability of these
worlds and search for signs of life on them.
Cherchera Festival of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh,recently celebrated the Cherchera festival at the Dudhadhari Math in Raipur.
The festival, which takes place on the full moon night of the Paush Hindu calendar month,
is a celebration of the happiness and joy brought about by the cultivation and harvesting
of crops.
Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel extended warm wishes to all citizens of Chhattisgarh on
the auspicious occasion and used the opportunity to demand that the Governor sign a
reservation bill for the young generation of the state. This bill would ensure that they have
access to college education and government jobs.
Demand for Reservation Bill
On the occasion ofJOIN
the Cherchera festival, Chiefor
@thehindu444 Minister Baghel also used the opportunity
Thenewsmaster
to call on the Governor to sign a reservation bill for the young generation of Chhattisgarh.
The bill, if passed, would provide for the reservation of college admissions and
government jobs for the youth of the state.
Celebrating Community and Generosity
The Cherchera festival is not just about celebrating the successful harvest, but also about
spreading joy and generosity within the community. People donate green vegetables and
paddy on this day, with the amount donated being used for public welfare. The
government of Chhattisgarh has declared a holiday on all festivals and also celebrates all
festivals at the CM’s house. Giving charity is seen as a symbol of generosity, while
accepting charity is seen as a symbol of humility.
Good Yield of Paddy
The government of Chhattisgarh has reported a good yield of paddy this year, with 85 lakh
metric tonnes of paddy being purchased from farmers. The state government has also
ensured that farmers are paid immediately for their crops. This is a positive development
for the agricultural community in the state, as it allows them to invest in the next
cultivation season and improve their livelihoods.
Background of the Cherchera Festival
The Cherchera festival is celebrated in the month of Paush on the full moon night.
According to mythological belief, on this day Lord Shankar begged Mata Annapurna. The
festival is celebrated to mark the end of the crop cultivation season and the beginning of
the harvest. People celebrate the cultivation of crops and spread joy among each other.
They also donate green vegetables along with paddy on this day.
January 12 : National Youth Day
Every year on January 12, India observes National Youth Day to commemorate the
birthday of Swami Vivekananda, one of the country’s most influential leaders. This
national event honors the country’s youth and encourages them to embrace
Vivekananda’s ideas and philosophies.
What is the theme of National Youth Day, 2023?
This year, the National Youth Day 2023 theme is “Viksit Yuva-Viksit Bharat.
Why is National Youth Day Observed on January 12?
National Youth Day is observed on January 12 to mark the birth anniversary of Swami
Vivekananda, who has always been an inspiration to the country’s youth and advocated
for the proper use of youth in the country’s development.
The Indian government first declared Swami Vivekananda’s birthday, January 12, as
National Youth Day in 1984. Since then, the day has been observed as National Youth Day
throughout the country.
How National Youth Day is Celebrated in India?
According to Indian culture and tradition, National Youth Day, also known as Yuva Diwas
or Swami Vivekananda’s birthday, is celebrated every year with great enthusiasm and joy
at many centers of Ramakrishna Math, Ramakrishna Mission, and their branches. There is
a great mangal aarti,
JOIN devotional songs, meditation,
@thehindu444 religious speech, sandhya aarti, and so
or Thenewsmaster
on.
The National Youth Festival is held every year to provide exposure to talented youth at the
national level, along with galvanizing them towards nation-building. It brings diverse
cultures from all parts of the country on a common platform and unites the participants in
the spirit of Ek Bharat and Shreshtha Bharat. This year, the Festival is being held in
Hubballi-Dharwad in Karnataka from the 12th to the 16th of January, with the theme being
“Viksit Yuva – Viksit Bharat”
Digital India Awards 2022
The Digital India Awards, instituted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY), recognize and honor innovative digital solutions and exemplary
initiatives by various government entities in the realm of digital governance. The awards
aim to promote universal accessibility to digital resources, anytime anywhere access, and
collaboration in participative governance and digital literacy, leading to enhanced ease of
living.
This year, the awards were given out in several categories, with Platinum, Gold, and Silver
awards being given to the winning teams. The winners in each category are as follows:
Digital Empowerment of Citizens
Platinum: e-NAM, the flagship initiative of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Welfare
Gold: Transport Mission Mode Project (eTransport)
Silver: Judgment Search Portal

Digital Initiatives at Grassroots Level
Platinum: e-Vivechna App (MP)
Gold: DeGS Computer Basic Training (Jharkhand)
Silver: Ksheerasree Portal (Kerala)
Digital Initiatives for Ease of Doing Business
Platinum: Mine Mitra (UP)
Gold: eAbkari (Odisha)
Silver: Invest Punjab
Data Sharing and Use for Socio Economic Development
Platinum: Smart Cities Mission, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Gold: Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
Silver: Center for e-governance (Karnataka)
Public Digital Platforms – Central Ministries, Departments and States

States
Platinum: DUARE SARKAR (West Bengal)
Gold: e-Services Manipur
Central Ministries, Departments
Platinum: ICEGATE Portal
Gold: e-Shram
What is e-NAM?
e-NAM is a digital platform that integrates 1,260 APMC (Agricultural Produce Market
Committee) mandis across 22 states and 3 UTs (Union Territories) to facilitate online
trading of 203 agriculture and horticulture commodities. The platform aims to enable
farmers to realize better remunerative prices for their produce. e-NAM is catalysing the
digital transformation of mandi operations and e-trading of agricultural commodities.
As of December 31, 2022, more than 1.74 crore farmers and 2.39 lakh traders have been
registered on the e-NAM portal. A total trade consisting of 69 million metric tonnes of
worth Rs 2.42 lakh crore has been recorded on the e-NAM platform, according to the
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
Benefits of e-NAM
e-NAM provides various benefits and facilities to farmers and other stakeholders such as
providing access to prevailing commodity prices on a mobile app, GPS-based feature
capturing e-NAM mandis and mandi prices within a 100 km radius along with route maps,
advance lot registration, SMS alerts on final bid prices of the lot and payment receipts,
real-time competitive price bidding through e-NAM, weighment integration for accurate
weight, bidding progress available on mobile, facilitates direct trade between farmers and
traders, direct payment to farmers’ bank accounts, reduction in transaction costs for
buyers and sellers, FPO (Farmer Producer Organization) trading module to facilitate FPOs
to e-trade, and more.
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee National Institute of Water and Sanitation (SPM-NIWAS)
The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has
given ex post facto approval for renaming the National Centre for Drinking Water,
Sanitation and Quality in Joka, Kolkata, to the “Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee National
Institute of Water and Sanitation” (SPM-NIWAS). The Institute has been set up on 8.72
acres of land at Joka, Diamond Harbor Road, Kolkata, West Bengal. This institute was
inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in December 2022.
Purpose of the Institute
The Institute is envisioned as a premier institute to develop capacities in states/UTs in the
field of public health engineering, drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene through training
programs. Such capacities are envisaged not only for the front-line workforce engaged in
the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission and Jal Jeevan Mission but also for
representatives of local bodies, both rural and urban.
Infrastructure and Training

To facilitate this, suitable infrastructure has been developed, including training
infrastructure, a research and development block, and a residential complex. Working and
miniature models of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) technologies have also been
installed to facilitate training at the Institute.
Naming of the Institute
Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, one of the most deserving sons of West Bengal and a front-
runner in national integration,
JOIN inspiration for
@thehindu444 orindustrialization,
Thenewsmaster was also an eminent
scholar and academician and the youngest Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta.
Naming the Institute after Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee’s name is intended to inspire all
stakeholders to honor him by adopting his values of honesty, integrity, and commitment
in the work ethic of the Institute.
The Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee National Institute of Water and Sanitation (SPM-NIWAS)
is set to become a premier institution for training and development in the field of public
health engineering, drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene. The Institute is dedicated to
the memory of a great son of West Bengal and a leader in national integration, and aims
to inspire all stakeholders to adopt his values of honesty, integrity, and commitment in
their work.
FSSAI Survey on Dietary Supplements
A recent survey by the Food Safety Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) has found that 15%
of food items including protein powders and dietary supplements used by athletes and
bodybuilders in India are unsafe for consumption or substandard. The survey, which was
conducted during 2021-22, found that 4,890 out of 144,345 samples collected were unsafe
for consumption, 16,582 were substandard, and over 11,482 samples had labelling defects
and misleading information.
Unsafe Protein Powders
Doctors warn that consuming unsafe protein powders, which are commonly used by
young people to build muscle mass, can harm the kidneys, liver, and heart, and cause
other health issues. In light of the results of the survey, FSSAI launched 4,946 criminal
cases and many other civil cases. The authority has also initiated civil cases in 28,906
instances, resulting in the punishment of 19,437 offenders and the imposition of a penalty
of ₹53.39 crore.
Regulation of Protein Powders and Dietary Supplements
FSSAI has notified specific rules to regulate the production and sale of protein powders
and other dietary supplements in India. The food regulator regularly monitors food
business operators, including protein powder manufacturers, by conducting drives across
states.
Increased Demand for Dietary Supplements
Health experts have noted that dietary supplements have seen increased demand in
recent decades globally, including in India. Many young people, especially athletes, use
these products to build muscle. However, many of these so-called dietary supplements
can be harmful to the body. According to researcher IMARC Group, the Indian dietary
supplements market is expected to grow to ₹84,790 crore by 2027 from ₹37,630 crore in
2021.
Other Food Regulations
Apart from regulating dietary supplements, the food regulator has also been working with
stakeholders to implement curbs on circulation of nutraceuticals, which are sold as
alternatives to pharmaceuticals with properties of both pharmaceutical and nutritional
products, and to regulate mislabelling of ingredients.
JOIN @thehindu444 In 2016, the regulator began the
or Thenewsmaster
process of reigning in the sale of these products by formulating rules for eight categories
of foods, which included carrying detailed descriptions of their composition.
The results of the FSSAI survey reveal the need for stricter regulations and monitoring of
the production and sale of protein powders and dietary supplements in India. These
products, which are commonly used by young people and athletes to build muscle, can be
harmful to the body if they are unsafe or substandard. The food regulator has launched
criminal and civil cases and imposed penalties in response to the survey’s findings, and
has also implemented rules to regulate the production and sale of these products.
WEF Global Risks Report 2023
The World Economic Forum’s annual Global Risks Report has highlighted the cost of living
crisis as the biggest short-term risk facing the world right now, with climate change as the
biggest long-term threat. The report, which is published ahead of the Davos summit,
factors the views of 1,200 figures across the private and public sectors. This year’s edition
was produced with professional services firm Marsh McLennan and Zurich Insurance
Group.
Cost of Living Crisis
The report states that Russia’s war in Ukraine and the Covid-19 pandemic have propelled
the energy crisis, food scarcity, and inflation as the most pressing global issues. The
impact of the cost of living crisis on vulnerable populations is “very difficult to accept,”
according to Carolina Klint, Risk Management Leader for Continental Europe at Marsh.
Governments are now working towards mitigating the impact of the cost of living crisis
while also trying to protect from spiralling inflation and servicing historically high debt
loads.
Climate Change
The report states that the world must collaborate more effectively on climate mitigation
and adaptation over the next decade to avoid “ecological breakdown” and continued
global warming. Governments will face “trade-offs” in the coming years, as societal
challenges, the environment, and security risks compete for their attention. The most-
cited long-term risks included climate change, extreme weather, biodiversity loss, and
human-made environmental damage.
Other Risks
The most-cited two-year term risks included natural disasters, geo-economic
confrontation, the erosion of social cohesion, widespread cybercrime, large-scale
involuntary migration, and natural resource crises, alongside climate change. Cybercrime
and migration also featured as long-term risks, though climate-related issues took the top
four spots. The cost of living was absent from the list.
The WEF Global Risks Report 2023 highlights the cost of living crisis and climate change as
the top short and long-term risks facing the world. The report states that governments
will face “trade-offs” in the coming years as they try to navigate societal challenges, the
environment, and security risks. The report stresses the need for more effective
collaboration on JOIN
climate@thehindu444
mitigation and adaptation over the next decade to avoid
or Thenewsmaster
“ecological breakdown” and continued global warming.
FIH Men's Hockey World Cup 2023
The 15th edition of the FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup is set to begin on January 13th in
India. The tournament, which is held every four years, will feature 16 teams from around
the world competing for the coveted title. India, who is the host nation, will be looking to
secure a podium finish after a 48-year hiatus. The tournament has a rich history, with
Pakistan being the most successful team with four titles, followed by Netherlands and
Australia with three titles each, and Germany with two titles.
Host Nation India
India has only won the World Cup once, back in 1975. The home team will be looking to
change that this year and secure a podium finish. The Indian team has been preparing for
the tournament for the past year and will be looking to make the most of the home
advantage. The opening match of the tournament will see Argentina take on South Africa,
followed by Australia playing against France and England taking on Wales. In the final
match of the opening day, hosts India will take on Spain in their first group-stage match at
7 pm IST.
Live Streaming and Broadcast Details
The match between India and Spain will be broadcast live on Star Sports First, Star Sports
Select 2HD, and Star Sports Select 2SD. The match will also be streamed live on the
Disney+ Hotstar app and website.
Recent World Cup Winners
In the last edition of the tournament, Belgium became the sixth team to win the World
Cup after defeating Netherlands in the penalty shoot-out. The team will be looking to
defend their title this year and secure their second World Cup win. Other teams to look
out for in the tournament include Argentina, Australia, Belgium, England, France, and
South Africa.
The FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup 2023 is set to be an exciting tournament, with 16 teams
from around the world competing for the coveted title. Host nation India will be looking to
secure a podium finish after a 48-year hiatus, while recent winners Belgium will be looking
to defend their title. The tournament will be broadcast live on television and streamed live
on various platforms, making it easily accessible for hockey fans around the world.
Uganda Successfully Ends Sudan Ebola Virus Outbreak
On January 11, 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Uganda had
successfully declared the end of the Ebola disease outbreak caused by Sudan ebolavirus.
The country managed to end the outbreak in less than four months after the first case was
confirmed in central Mubende district on September 20, 2022.
This was Uganda’s first Sudan Ebola Virus outbreak in a decade and its fifth overall. The
East African country recorded a total of 164 cases, of which 142 were confirmed, and 55
deaths due to the disease. The overall case-fatality ratio was 47 per cent.
Background of Ebola
Ebola, also knownJOIN
as Ebola virus disease (EVD),
@thehindu444 orisThenewsmaster
a rare and deadly disease caused by
infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. The virus was first identified in 1976 near the
Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus is transmitted to
people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-
human transmission. Symptoms of EVD can include fever, headache, muscle pain, fatigue,
diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising).
Epicenter and Containment Measures
Two districts at the epicentre of the epidemic, Mubende and Kassanda, were placed under
lockdown for two months until mid-December, but the government did not impose similar
measures nationwide. This allowed the authorities to track and isolate patients and
prevent further transmission of the virus.
Impact on the Community
WHO said in total there had been 142 confirmed cases, 55 confirmed deaths and 87
recovered patients, with children among the victims.
Uganda’s outbreak was caused by the Sudan Ebola virus, one of six species of the
Ebola virus and for which there is currently no confirmed vaccine.
The previous outbreak in Uganda, which shares a porous border with the DRC, was
in 2019 when at least five people died.
Transmission and Symptoms
Human transmission is through body fluids, with the main symptoms being fever,
vomiting, bleeding and diarrhoea. People who are infected do not become
contagious until symptoms appear, which is after an incubation period of between

two and 21 days.
Outbreaks are difficult to contain, especially in urban environments. The deadliest
epidemic unfolded in West Africa between 2013 and 2016, killing more than 11,300
people. The DRC has had more than a dozen epidemics, the deadliest claiming the
lives of 2,280 people in 2020.
Overall, the Ugandan government’s swift response and targeted measures were
successful in containing the outbreak and preventing it from spreading further. The WHO
commended the efforts of the Ugandan government and health workers in effectively
managing the outbreak and preventing a larger scale catastrophe. However, the ongoing
threat of Ebola highlights the need for continued surveillance and preparedness measures
in the region to prevent future outbreaks.
Odisha: CAMPA New Action Plan for 2023-24
The Odisha government’s State-level steering committee for the Compensatory

Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) has approved an annual
plan of INR 1,086 crore for the 2023-24 fiscal year, with a focus on reducing man-animal
conflicts. The plan was approved during a meeting chaired by Chief Secretary S. C.
Mohapatra on January 11th, where various issues related to wildlife management and
afforestation were discussed.
Wildlife Management and Conflict Reduction
Mr. Mohapatra raised
JOINthe issue of wildlife management
@thehindu444 activities being carried out
or Thenewsmaster
through CAMPA funds and stressed the need for relocation of villages from tiger reserve
sanctuaries. He also emphasized the need to improve Very High Frequency (VHF)
networking in all divisions to ensure constant monitoring and suggested the engagement
of forest labor under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS) for 100 days of work. A comprehensive plan was also proposed to avoid
human-animal conflicts, with the Chandaka Wild Life Division tasked with identifying all
revenue forest patches to develop elephant corridors.
Afforestation and Forest Preservation
The CAMPA annual plan of operations (APO) for 2023-24, presented by the Chief Executive
Officer, State Authority, CAMPA, Pradeep Raj Karat, mainly focuses on taking up
plantations and other activities such as maintenance of old plantations, forest protection,
fire protection, simultaneous silvicultural operations for bamboo forests, soil and moisture
conservation activities in forest lands, wildlife management, relocation of villages from
protected areas, and forest infrastructure development. The Chief Secretary also directed
the concerned officials to prepare a comprehensive plan to avoid human-animal conflict.
Monitoring and Verification
The Chief Secretary also emphasized the need for monitoring afforestation programs
using the CAMPA tracker and through satellite imagery every six months, with frequent
inspections by senior officers to verify the progress. A joint meeting with the concerned
department was also proposed to prepare a five-year action plan to upgrade forest roads
to grade-1 metalling, with the material-intensive components such as culverts and

causeways to be covered under CAMPA funding.
Additional Chief Secretary, Forest, Environment & Climate Change, Mona Sharma
suggested that a plan made at the district level for combating forest fires will be discussed
with the district collectors concerned for effective control of forest fires and should be
uploaded in the public domain. She also suggested preparing a 5-year Action Plan for the
improvement of forest roads, identifying all revenue forest patches.
January 13, 2023
Covovax Heterologous Booster Dose Approved for Use in India
The Central drug regulatory authority, Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI), has given
the green light for the market authorization of Serum Institute of India’s Covid-19 vaccine,
Covovax, as a heterologous booster dose for those who have already received two doses
of Covishield or Covaxin. This is a significant development as it expands the options for
individuals seeking to boost their immunity against the virus.

Covovax is a recombinant protein-based vaccine that is manufactured through technology
transfer from Novavax. It has received conditional marketing authorization from the
European Medicines Agency and emergency-use listing from the World Health
Organization (WHO) on December 17, 2021.
Previous Approvals for Covovax
Previously, DCGI had approved Covovax for restricted use in emergency situations in
adults on December 28, 2021.
JOIN This was followed
@thehindu444 orbyThenewsmaster
approval for use in children between
the ages of 12-17 on March 9, 2022, and for children under 7-11 years on June 28, 2022,
subject to certain conditions. With the latest recommendation, Covovax can now be used
as a booster dose for a wider population, including those who have already received two
doses of either Covishield or Covaxin.
Bharat Biotech’s Nasal Covid Vaccine Approved
In a related development, Bharat Biotech’s nasal Covid vaccine for adults above 18-year-
old has also been approved by the Government of India and will be used as a
heterologous booster dose. This approval expands the options for individuals looking to
boost their immunity against the virus and provides more flexibility in terms of
administration.
Importance of Booster Doses
As the pandemic continues to evolve, it has become increasingly clear that booster doses
of Covid-19 vaccines are necessary to maintain protection against the virus. Studies have
shown that the immunity provided by a single dose of a vaccine may wane over time,
making booster doses important to ensure long-term protection. The use of heterologous
booster doses, where an individual receives a different vaccine as a booster dose, has
been shown to provide additional protection against different variants of the virus.
Availability of the Vaccine
The vaccine will be available in private hospitals. It is expected that the availability of
Covovax as a heterologous booster dose will further aid in the fight against the pandemic
in India. With the increasing number of cases and the emergence of new variants, it is
crucial that individuals have access to multiple options for boosting their immunity. The
approval of Covovax and Bharat Biotech’s nasal Covid vaccine as heterologous booster
doses is a positive step in this direction.
FSSAI regulatory standards for Basmati Rice
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has specified the identity
standards for basmati rice. The comprehensive regulatory standards will be enforced from
August 1, according to a statement from the Union Health Ministry. These standards apply
to brown basmati rice, milled basmati rice, parboiled brown basmati rice, and milled
parboiled basmati rice and are intended to establish fair practices in the trade of basmati
rice and protect consumer interest, both domestically and globally.
Standards for Quality and Identity
As per the standards, basmati rice must possess the natural fragrance characteristic of
basmati rice and be free from artificial coloring, polishing agents and artificial fragrances.
The standards also specify various identity and quality parameters for basmati rice such as
average size of grains and their elongation ratio after cooking, maximum limits of
moisture, amylose content, uric acid, defective/damaged grains and incidental presence of
other non-basmati rice.
Basmati Rice and its Unique Qualities
Basmati rice is a premium variety of rice cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of the Indian
sub-continent andJOIN
is known for its long grainor
@thehindu444 size, fluffy texture, and unique inherent
Thenewsmaster
aroma and flavor. The agro-climatic conditions of the specific geographical areas where
Basmati rice is grown, as well as the method of harvesting, processing, and aging of the
rice, contribute to the uniqueness of Basmati rice.
Due to its unique quality attributes, Basmati is a widely consumed variety of rice both
domestically and globally, and India accounts for two-thirds of its global supply.
Adulteration and Standardization
Being a premium quality rice and fetching a price higher than the non-basmati varieties,
Basmati rice is prone to various types of adulteration for economic gains which may
include, among others, undeclared blending of other non-basmati varieties of rice.
Therefore, in order to ensure the supply of standardized genuine Basmati rice in domestic
and export markets, FSSAI has implemented these regulatory standards, which have been
framed through extensive consultations with the concerned government
departments/agencies and other stakeholders.
CBIC -Customs Automated System
The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) has announced that it will come
out with a list of “identified goods” that will be subject to stricter scrutiny for their true
value. The CBIC has notified the Customs (Assistance in Value Declaration of Identified
Imported Goods) Rules, 2023, aimed at addressing the undervaluation of specified
imported goods. The rules will be effective from February 11, 2023, according to a
notification issued by the CBIC.
Committee Formation
As per the rules, two committees will be constituted – a screening committee for a
preliminary examination of “identified goods” and an evaluation committee for a detailed
examination. Importers of the identified goods will be required to declare the value of
goods using the Unique Quantity Code. Under the Customs Automated System, importers
will also be required to fulfill additional obligations, and the assessment of goods will be
subjected to additional checks.
Violation Consequences
In the case of violation, further proceedings will be initiated under the Customs Valuation
Rules 2007. The budget proposed to amend section 14 of the Customs Act by imposing
additional obligations on importers in respect of a certain class of imported goods where
the Board believes that importers are evading duty by not declaring the true value,
causing a loss to the exchequer.
The identified goods

The specified goods will be a list of items selected by the Board where it has reason to
believe that the value of such goods may not be declared truthfully or accurately. The list
of such goods will be prepared and recommended by the screening committee and the
evaluation committee.
In conclusion, the CBIC’s implementation of stricter scrutiny of imported goods through
the formation of committees and additional obligations for importers is aimed at
addressing undervaluation and protecting the or
JOIN @thehindu444 exchequer’s interests. The list of identified
Thenewsmaster
goods and the roll-out of these rules will be closely monitored in the coming months.
India's Direct Tax Collection Records Steady Growth in FY2023
According to government data, the country’s gross direct tax collection of the current
fiscal year (FY2023) till January 10 went up 24.58% to Rs 14.71 lakh crore, against the gross
collections made in the corresponding period the previous fiscal. The finance ministry
stated that the provisional figures of direct tax collections continue to register steady
growth.
Net Direct Tax Collection
After adjusting refunds, net direct tax collection was at Rs 12.31 lakh crore, which is 19%
higher than the previous year’s collection during the corresponding period. The Centre’s
direct tax collections, net of refunds, reached 86.7% of the 2022-23 budget target by
January 10, the finance ministry said on January 11.
Corporate and Personal Income Tax
Between April 1, 2022 and January 10, 2023, the government’s gross direct tax collections
stood at Rs 14.71 lakh crore, the ministry said in a statement. The Centre had estimated it
would collect Rs 14.2 lakh crore as direct taxes in 2022-23—Rs 7.2 lakh crore in corporate
tax and Rs 7 lakh crore in personal income tax. After adjustment of refunds, the net
growth in CIT (corporate income tax) collections is 18.33% and that in PIT (personal
income tax) collections is 21.64%, the finance ministry said.
GST Collection
The robust growth in direct tax collections is good news for the government as indirect tax
collections are also on the rise. Data released on January 1 showed total Goods and
Services Tax collected in December was Rs 1.5 lakh crore, up 2.5% month-on-month and
15.2% compared to December 2021. Monthly GST collections have averaged Rs 1.49 lakh
crore, so far, in the financial year 2022-23, up 20.5% from the monthly average for 2021-22.
Lohri Harvest Festival
Lohri is a popular Indian festival that is celebrated to mark the beginning of the harvest
season for winter crops. Every year, during the month of Paush, a day before Makar
Sankranti – usually on January 13, with much fanfare especially by the people of Punjab,
Lohri is celebrated. The festival is also popular in other parts of the country such as
Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Jammu. In 2023, Lohri is celebrated on January 13
(Friday).
Background of Lohri
Originally, Lohri was observed on the evening before the Winter Solstice, but in more
recent years, it is observed the day before Makar Sankranti. Lohri, also known as Lohadi or
Lal Loi, is a festival that is closely related to Makar Sankranti. Lohri festival is traditionally
associated with the harvest of rabi crops. It is time to harvest sugarcane crops. Even the
Punjabi farmers after Lohri (Maghi) see it as the financial New Year. Three edibles are
associated with the Lohri festival that is rewri, peanuts and popcorn.
Indian Origins of LohriJOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
There are numerous origins of Lohri. The main subject of Lohri is the conviction that Lohri
is the enlightening celebration of Winter solstice. The key trait of Lohri is the bonfire.
Illuminating the fire has been familiar in winter solstice festivals all through time. It
implies the comeback of the longer days.
Significance of the Lohri Festival
In the state of Punjab, the breadbasket of India, Wheat is the major winter crop, which is
planted in the month of October and reaped in the month of March or in April. In the
month of January, the fields turn up with the swear of a golden harvest & farmers
celebrate the Lohri festival during this period before the cutting & gathering of the crops.
During this period of time, the earth which is farthest from the sun, initiates its journey
towards the sun, consequently ending the coldest months of the year, Paush. It
announces the beginning of Magh & the propitious period of Uttarayan. In accordance
with the Bhagawad Gita, Lord Krishna gives evidence of himself in his full splendor this
time. The Hindus annul their sins by taking bath in the Ganges River.
The Bonfire Ritual
In the dusk, massive bonfires are lit in harvested fields & in front yards of homes. People
get together around the flames, circle around the bonfire and toss puffed rice, munchies,
and popcorn into the fire and hum popular folk songs. They pray to the fire god, to
sanctify the land with prosperity and abundance. The prasad consists of 5 major items:
gajak, til, jaggery, popcorn, and peanuts.
Lohri Celebrations
From clandestinely licking – off that final grain of sugared, cinnamon-infused rice to
relaxing in the tenderness of the splendid bonfire – the Lohri festival is a time of untainted
extravagance. Singing folk songs, dancing to the tunes of dhol, performing bhangra,
gidda and chajja, relishing makki ki roti and sarson ka saag and munching gajak,
moongfali, tilkut, puffed rice, revdi, popcorn by the bonfire are some of the popular Lohri
Sur Sarita - Symphony of Ganga
The Ministry of Culture in India recently organized a grand curtain raiser program called
‘Sur Sarita – Symphony of Ganga’ at the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor in Varanasi, on the eve
of the launch of the world’s longest river cruise. The program was led by renowned singer
Shankar Mahadevan, and was attended by dignitaries and tourists who were set to
embark on the Ganga Vilas Cruise. The Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi,
flagged off the cruise the following day.
Launch of the World’s Longest River Cruise

The Ganga Vilas Cruise will cross through four states in India, including Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, and Assam, over a journey of 51 days. The cruise is expected to create new history
in the waterways sector of India and marks the beginning of a new era of river cruise
tourism in the country. The cruise will also take tourists through places with rich history
and mythology associated with the river Ganges.
Cultural Program
The cultural program,
JOIN‘Sur Sarita – Symphony
@thehindu444 or ofThenewsmaster
Ganga’, was organized to give the
audiences a taste of the different flavors of the states that the cruise would be passing
through. Folk musicians from Assam, Bihar and Bengal joined popular singer Shankar
Mahadevan in paying homage to the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. The
concert lasted for about an hour and ended with Shankar Mahadevan’s rendition of
‘Kartavya Ganga’ (Promise to Ganga), a song that promises the river goddess that every
Indian will take care of her and protect her waters.
The concert also included an audio-visual presentation that showcased the relevance of
the river and its importance in Indian culture. It was a way for the dignitaries and tourists
to get a glimpse of what they could expect on the cruise and to understand the
importance of the river Ganges to every Indian.
Mobile Science Exhibition
In addition to the cultural program, the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) in
Kolkata also organized a mobile science exhibition called ‘Arth Ganga’ as a tribute to the
river Ganges. The exhibition was flagged off from Varanasi before the concert and will
travel through districts and sites located near the river Ganges. The exhibition includes 18
panels that cover topics such as the tributaries of the Ganges, dams on the river, and the
Sunderbans, among others. The exhibition is meant to raise public awareness about the
conservation and restoration of the holy river.
Sethusamudram Project
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin has recently moved a resolution in the state assembly
seeking the revival of the Sethusamudram Project, a proposed shipping canal project in
India that would connect the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. The project, which has
been controversial since its inception, was put on hold by the Government of India in 2007.
Background
The Sethusamudram Project aims to construct a shipping canal through the shallow
waters of the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar, which would reduce the distance and time
required for ships to travel between the east and west coasts of India. The project would
bypass the traditional shipping route through the Palk Strait, which is considered a
navigational hazard.
Controversies
The Sethusamudram Project has been met with opposition from various groups, who raise
concerns about its potential impact on the environment, the Ram Setu, and its economic
viability.
1. Environmental impact: Critics argue that the construction of the canal would cause
significant damage to the marine ecosystem of the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar.
They claim that the dredging and blasting required for the construction of the canal
would harm the coral reefs and other marine life in the area.
2. Damage to Ram Setu: Some Hindus consider Ram Setu to be sacred and believe
that the bridge was built by Lord Rama himself. They argue that the construction of
the canal would cause damage to the bridge and desecrate a religious site.
3. Economic viability:
JOIN Critics question the economic
@thehindu444 viability of the project, arguing
or Thenewsmaster
that the cost of construction would be high and the benefits would be limited. They
say that the canal would not be able to accommodate large ships and would not
offer a significant reduction in the distance travelled by ships, compared to the
existing route through the Palk Strait.
4. Technical feasibility: There are also concerns about the technical feasibility of the
project, with critics arguing that the canal would not be able to handle the large tidal
differences and would be susceptible to silting and other issues.
5. Political and legal disputes: The project has been on hold since 2007 following a
legal dispute involving the Indian government and the opposition party, which
challenged the project on the grounds that it would cause damage to the Ram Setu.
6. Security: Critics also argue that the project would increase the security risk for India,
as it would provide an opening for foreign ships to enter into the Bay of Bengal,
making it easier for hostile forces to attack India’s eastern coast.
What is Ram Setu?
Ram Setu, also known as Adam’s Bridge, is a chain of limestone shoals that runs between
the Indian mainland and Sri Lanka. According to Hindu mythology, the bridge was built by
the monkey-god Hanuman and his army to help Lord Rama, an incarnation of the god
Vishnu, rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana, who had abducted her and
taken her to Lanka. The bridge is considered sacred by Hindus and is believed to be the
physical manifestation of a bridge mentioned in the ancient Indian epic, the Ramayana.
Neelakurinji Plant Listed as a Protected Species under Wildlife Protection Act

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF) has listed Neelakurinji
(Strobilanthes kunthiana) under Schedule III of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972,
including it on the list of protected plants. This move is aimed at protecting the plant from
being destroyed or uprooted, which has become a major threat to the flowering areas.
The new order also includes strict penalties for those found guilty of destroying or
uprooting the plant.
Penalties for destroying the plant
As per the new order, those who uproot or destroy the Neelakurinji plant will invite a fine
of ₹25,000 and three years’ imprisonment. The cultivation of Neelakurinji and its
possession is also not allowed. This is a significant move, as it will help in protecting the
plant and its habitats.
Why Neelakurinji needs protection?
Neelakurinji is an endemic plant found in a small stretch in the Western Ghats, from the
Mangaladevi hills to the Nilgiris hills. The most popular Neelakurinji is Strobilanthes
kunthiana which blooms once in 12 years. However, some other rare varieties of
Neelakurnji are also found in the Western Ghats region. The blooming of Neelakurinji is a
major attraction for tourists, who flock to the locations where it blooms. However, this has
also led to the destruction and uprooting of the plant, which is a major threat to the
flowering areas.
Importance of the newJOIN
order @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
The new order will help in protecting the plant and its habitats. Forest department officials
will take action against those who uproot or destroy Neelakurinji in forest areas, protected
areas, and national parks. The department will strictly implement the government order.
Environmentalists have welcomed this move, and have called on the Forest department to
ensure the protection of the areas where Neelakurinji blooms.
The listing of Neelakurinji under Schedule III of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is a
significant move that will help in protecting the plant and its habitats. The new order will
also help in penalizing those who destroy or uproot the plant, which is a major threat to
the flowering areas. The Forest department should ensure the protection of the areas
where Neelakurinji blooms, especially the Kallippara hills in Idukki, where the plant was
recently in bloom. This will help in preserving the plant for future generations and
ensuring that tourists continue to enjoy the beauty of the blooming Neelakurinji.
Joshimath at Risk of Sinking: Satellite Images Reveal Ground Subsidence
The National Remote Sensing Center (NSRC) of the Indian Space Research Organization
(ISRO) has released satellite images of the city of Joshimath, Uttarakhand, which reveal a
preliminary land subsidence analysis that indicates that the entire city is in danger of
completely sinking. The images have been captured by the Cartosat-2S satellite, and the
NRSC, situated in Hyderabad, has published satellite photos of the sinking areas. This is a
very serious situation and the government of Uttarakhand is taking necessary steps to
tackle this issue.
Satellite Images Reveal Ground Subsidence
The released satellite imagery reveals that the entire city of Joshimath is sinking. The
images show massive cracks and fissures in almost all houses, major hotels, and roads.
More than 700 families are impacted, and leaning buildings can be seen across the town.
In the revealed images, the entire town, including the Narasimha temple and the Army’s
helipad, has been designated a sensitive zone. The Joshimath-Auli road is also at risk of
sinking, according to the satellite pictures.
Rescue Operations Launched
Based on the preliminary information from ISRO, the Uttarakhand government is
launching rescue operations in dangerous areas. The government is prioritizing the
relocation of residents from these locations to safer areas. Joshimath is situated on the
central slopes of the hill, bordered by the rivers Dhauliganga and Alaknanda on the
opposite sides, and Karmanasa and Dhaknala to the west and east, respectively.
Preliminary Reports by ISRO

According to the analysis of the preliminary reports by ISRO, Joshimath sank by 8.9 cm
between April and November 2022, during which time ground subsidence was sluggish.
However, the rate of soil subsidence accelerated between December 27, 2022, and January
8, 2023. The town sank by 5.4 cm in only 12 days. As a result of the terrain subsiding,
fissures have emerged in the houses and roads. The Joshimath-Auli road is also at risk of
sinking, and people living in the city are urged to leave their houses and relocate to a safer
place. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Effect of Urbanization
Urbanization is one of the main causes of this problem. Due to its effects on natural water
drainage, slopes, and water flow, urbanization has traditionally made these problems
worse. The District Disaster Management Department reports that 561 homes in
Joshimath have developed fractures as a result of the ongoing ground subsidence.
According to reports, around 66 families have reportedly left Joshimath so far.
The Uttarakhand government is holding meetings over the frightening situation in the
Himalayan town. The satellite images released by ISRO reveal a serious ground
subsidence problem in Joshimath, and the government is taking necessary steps to tackle
this issue. The residents of the town are urged to relocate to safer areas and the
government is prioritizing the relocation of residents from dangerous areas. Urbanization
is one of the main causes of this problem and it is important to take measures to prevent
further ground subsidence in the future.
India Abolishes Discretionary Haj Quota for Pilgrims
The Union Minister for Minority Affairs, Smriti Irani, recently announced that the Indian
government has done away with the discretionary Haj quota for pilgrims, in accordance
with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “resolve to end VIP culture” in the country. A new,
exhaustive Haj policy has been formulated and will be announced soon, said Irani.
The Haj pilgrimage is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, considered to
be a mandatory religious duty for all adult Muslims who are physically and financially
capable of doing so. For Saudi Arabia, it poses a massive logistical challenge as they have
to house, feed and facilitate safe pilgrimages for millions of pilgrims who descend upon
Mecca from across the world during a brief period of time. Saudi Arabia allots country-
wise quotas which determine the total number of pilgrims who can make a journey from a
particular country.
Abolition of Discretionary Quota
The “Government discretionary quota” is further divided in two, 200 seats are with the Haj
Committee itself and 300 are with people holding important offices at the Centre. These
include, 100 with the President, 75 with the Prime Minister, 75 with the Vice President, 50
with the Minister of Minority Affairs. As per the old policy, these seats could be allocated to
individuals who applied for the pilgrimage through the normal means but were
unsuccessful in getting a slot for the pilgrimage.
This quota has now been abolished with these seats being added back to the general pool.
This move is in line with Prime Minister Modi’s resolve to end VIP culture, which was put in
place with respect to Haj during the UPA rule under which there was a special quota
allocated to the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Haj Committee and all those in the top
constitutional posts.
India’s Distribution of Haj Slots
On January 9, the Indian consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia tweeted that India signed the
Haj 2023 bilateral agreement with Saudi Arabia. According to the agreement, a total of
1,75,025 Indian Haj pilgrims
JOIN will be able to perform
@thehindu444 Haj, reportedly the highest in history.
or Thenewsmaster
While the specifics of India’s latest Haj policy are yet to be seen, the way the system has
traditionally worked is that the quota allotted to India (by Saudi Arabia) is then further
distributed by the Ministry of Minority Affairs and the Haj Committee of India (HCoI) to
various stakeholders.
According to the 2018-22 policy document, 70 per cent of India’s total quota goes to the
HCoI and 30 per cent goes to private operators. While private operators are free to charge
as they wish and take anyone who pays, the majority of pilgrims traditionally go through
the HCoI which runs a subsidised tour on the part of the government (though the subsidy
is being phased out).
Out of the total number of slots with the HCoI, 500 are held under the “Government
discretionary quota” whereas the rest are distributed to different states on the basis of
their Muslim population, according to the 2018-22 policy. A draw of lots is conducted in
each state to determine who makes the journey in case the number of applicants exceed
the number of slots available.
What is Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Constitution?
Recently, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar sparked a debate on the separation of powers
between the executive and the judiciary. He criticized the Supreme Court for using the
doctrine of basic structure to strike down the constitutional amendment that introduced
the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act. In his maiden speech in the Rajya
Sabha, Dhankhar had referred to the striking down of the NJAC Act as a “severe
compromise” of parliamentary sovereignty and disregard of the “mandate of the people”.

This article will examine the basic structure doctrine and its impact on the powers of the
legislature.
What is the Basic Structure Doctrine?
The Doctrine of Basic Structure is a form of judicial review that is used to test the legality
of any legislation by the courts. It was evolved by the Supreme Court in the 1973 landmark
ruling in Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala. In a 7-6 verdict, a 13-judge Constitution
Bench ruled that the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution is inviolable and cannot be
amended by Parliament. If a law is found to “damage or destroy” the “basic features of
the Constitution”, the Court declares it unconstitutional. The test is applied to
constitutional amendments to ensure that the amendment does not dilute the
fundamentals of the Constitution itself.
The test is widely regarded as a check on majoritarian impulses of the Parliament since it
places substantive limits on the power to amend the Constitution. The Court had to
examine the scope of the Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution and the legality
of land reforms. The 13-judge bench gave 11 separate judgments and the doctrine was
culled out as the majority opinion in the case. The Court ruled that while Parliament has
vast powers to amend the Constitution, it cannot amend certain “basic features”. On land
reforms, the Court upheld the amendment that removed the fundamental right to
property and ruled that in spirit, the amendment would not violate the “basic structure” of
the Constitution. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Origins of the Basic Structure Doctrine
The origins of the basic structure doctrine are found in the post-war German Constitution
law which, after the Nazi regime, was amended to protect some basic laws. Jurist Nanbhoy
Palkhivala who appeared against the government relied on the writings of Professor
Dietrich Conrad in support of the basic structure doctrine.
What are the Basic Features of the Indian Constitution?
In the Kesavananda ruling, the Supreme Court cited several aspects of the Constitution
that could be identified as “basic features” of the document but added that it was not an
exhaustive list. For example, judicial review, rule of law, federalism, and democratic
republic structure are identified as basic features. In the 2015 ruling where the Supreme
Court struck down the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act and the related
Constitutional Amendment, “judicial independence” was identified as a basic feature of
the Constitution.
What is the "Pineapple Express" Phenomenon?
Over the past two weeks, California and other parts of the West Coast have been hit with a
series of what meteorologists call atmospheric rivers. Forecasters have said that the rain
arriving in California on January 12 is being caused by a “true Pineapple Express” – a
specific example of a common atmospheric phenomenon that resembles a conveyor belt
for moisture. This article will examine the “Pineapple Express” phenomenon and its
impact on California’s recent storms.
What is the “Pineapple Express” Phenomenon?
“Pineapple Express” is a specific example of a common atmospheric phenomenon known
as atmospheric rivers. These rivers in the sky, also known as “rivers in the sky” according
to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, are long, narrow regions in the
atmosphere that transport most of the water vapor outside the tropics. They carry a lot of
moisture – enough water vapor to equal or sometimes exceed the average flow of the
Mississippi River at the point where it flows into the Gulf of Mexico.
For an atmospheric river to be classified as a “true Pineapple Express,” its location is key.
The tail end, where the moisture is pulled into the atmosphere, must start near Hawaii.
Then the river must stretch continuously through the atmosphere to the U.S. West Coast.
This type of atmospheric river is known to bring heavy precipitation to the West Coast, as
it is a continuous flow of moisture.
Is the “Pineapple Express” a common phenomenon?
Atmospheric rivers occur often on the West Coast but can happen in other locations,
including the eastern United States, where they often channel moisture from the
Caribbean. They are an essential part of the livelihood of coastal states, which rely heavily
on precipitation for their water supply. Between 30% and 50% of the annual precipitation
on the West Coast occurs from just a few atmospheric river events, according to the
NOAA.
What are the effects of “Pineapple Express” storms?
When the atmospheric JOINrivers are particularly strong
@thehindu444 – or come back-to-back in what are
or Thenewsmaster
called “atmospheric river families” – the effects can be serious. This is the case in
California, where the recent storms have led to extensive flooding. The “Pineapple
Express” can be a double-edged sword, as it brings much-needed water to the state but
also leads to destructive flooding if the storms are too strong.
The “Pineapple Express” is a common atmospheric phenomenon that brings much-
needed precipitation to the West Coast. However, when the storms are particularly strong,
as is the case in California, the effects can be severe. Understanding the “Pineapple
Express” and its impact on the state’s weather patterns is essential in being able to
predict and prepare for future storms.
Notification of Minority Communities
The Delhi government has suggested that the Centre can grant “migrated minority”
status to Hindus who have moved to the national capital from places like Jammu and
Kashmir or Ladakh where they are a religious minority. The suggestion is part of a
compilation of views collected by the Centre from 24 States on whether religious and
linguistic minority communities should be identified and notified by the Union or the
respective States. It is part of an affidavit submitted by the Centre in the Supreme Court.
Notification of Minority Communities
Currently, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Jains, and Zoroastrians (Parsis) have been
notified as minority communities under Section 2 (c) of the National Commission for
Minorities (NCM) Act, 1992. As per the Census 2011, the percentage of minorities in the
country is about 19.3 of the total population of the country. The population of Muslims is
14.2%, Christians 2.3%, Sikhs 1.7%, Buddhists 0.7%, Jains 0.4%, and Parsis 0.006%.
Migrated Minority Status for Hindus
The Delhi government suggests that “The followers of Hinduism are not the religious
minority in the NCT of Delhi but the Central government may declare the ‘migrated
minority’ status to the followers of Hinduism who are the religious minority in their origin
State (i.e., Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, etc) and residing in Delhi after migration from
their home State,” as per the Centre’s note in court.
Views of Different States
Tamil Nadu is clear that the identification and notification of religious and linguistic
minorities should be made at the State level. Similarly, West Bengal has also categorically
said the power to declare a community as a minority should be with the State. Andhra
Pradesh and Assam too have said minorities should be identified Statewide. Punjab has
reasoned that the State is in a better position to appreciate the “interests, well-being and
problems” of different communities residing in it and should be allowed to continue to
notify its own minorities.
Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh have said that they are “comfortable with the present
procedure of identifying minorities”. Haryana and Himachal Pradesh have left it to the
Centre to notify minority communities. Maharashtra is of the opinion that “in the interest
of uniformity, the Centre can notify minority communities”. Karnataka has called for
“status quo” afterJOIN
declaring Muslims, Christians,
@thehindu444 Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis as
or Thenewsmaster
minorities in the State. Kerala held the view that the existing provisions of the NCMEI Act,
2004 and NCM Act, 1992 should continue.
Petition in Supreme Court
The suggestions have come on a petition filed by advocate Ashwini Upadhyay in the apex
court challenging the “exclusive” power given to the Centre under Section 2(f) and Section
2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities Educational Institutions (NCMEI) Act, 2004,
and the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992, respectively, to notify a minority
community. Upadhyay has argued that the followers of Judaism, Baha’ism and Hinduism,
who are the real minorities in Ladakh, Mizoram, Lakshadweep, Kashmir, Nagaland,
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab and Manipur, cannot even establish and
administer educational institutions of their choice in these States. He has argued that
religious and linguistic minorities were spread all over the country and not restricted to
any single State or Union Territory.
NOTAM System Glitch Causes Airspace Shutdown in America
America’s airspace shut down for several hours Wednesday morning following a glitch in
a computer system used to send alerts to pilots. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
said that its Notice to Air Missions system, or NOTAM, had failed and was not processing
new information. The system, which dates to the middle of the last century, gives pilots
real-time updates on flight conditions. According to the FAA’s website, NOTAM
communicates “information essential to personnel concerned with flight operations, but
not known far enough in advance to be publicized by other means.”

When was NOTAM created?
Air traffic operations started using NOTAMs in 1947, according to FAA documents. At the
time, the notices were modeled after the Notice to Mariners, which advised ship captains
about hazards on the seas. When it was created, the air-notification system was called
“Notice to Airmen.” It was renamed to the more inclusive “Notice to Air Missions” late last
year. NOTAMs used to be telephone-based, with pilots calling dedicated flight service
stations for the information, but have now moved online with the advent of the internet.
What kind of information does a NOTAM deliver?
According to the FAA, a NOTAM includes “abnormal” information about the status of
airspace. Alerts can convey a range of details including time, airport, location and
descriptions of a hazard, obstruction or service. To pack in so many details, the notification
system uses specialized abbreviations that can be parsed by computers. Those
abbreviations are set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which
oversees global air travel. If there is no appropriate ICAO term, “plain language” is used in
the NOTAM, according to FAA.
Information conveyed in NOTAMS can range from the mundane to the critical. Messages
“may include items such as runway closures, general bird hazard warnings or low-altitude
construction obstacles,” Reuters reported. For long-haul international flights, NOTAMs can
run up to 200 pages, according to the wire service.
When did the NOTAMJOIN
system go down?
According to an FAA advisory, the NOTAM failed Tuesday night, at 8:28 p.m. Eastern Time.
Its failure prevented new or amended notices from being sent to pilots, the Associated
Press reported. The FAA resorted to a telephone hotline to keep departures flying
overnight, but as daytime traffic picked up it overwhelmed the telephone backup system,
according to the AP.
Has the NOTAM system failed before?
Longtime aviation insiders told the Associated Press they could not recall a technology
breakdown causing an outage on this scale. “Periodically there have been local issues
here or there, but this is pretty significant historically,” Tim Campbell, a former senior vice
president of air operations at American Airlines and now a consultant in Minneapolis, told
the AP. John Cox, a former airline pilot and aviation safety expert, told the wire service that
the scale of the problem suggests a “catastrophic failure.”
The FAA is currently investigating the cause of the failure and working to restore the
system. In the meantime, the FAA is using other means to communicate flight conditions
to pilots, such as telephone hotlines. The incident highlights the importance of NOTAM
system and the need to ensure its reliability and security in order to avoid disruptions and
ensure the safety of flights.
Garuda Aerospace and Union Bank Collaborate to Boost Agriculture with Drones
1. Who has Chennai’s drone startup Garuda Aerospace partnered with?
Answer: Garuda Aerospace has partnered with the Union Bank of India.
2. How many Garuda Agri Kisan drones have received a loan under the Kisan Pushpak
Scheme?
Answer: 150 Garuda Agri Kisan drones have received a loan under the Kisan Pushpak
Scheme.
3. What will the drone loan help farmers to do?
Answer: The drone loan will help farmers to digitize land record operations for crop
production and spraying of fertilizers, chemicals, and pesticides with the help of drones.
4. What will the partnership be useful for?
Answer: The partnership will be useful for lead generation, customer acquisition, sourcing
of applications, and due diligence of customers for credit deployment.
5. How will the Agri Infrastructure Fund Scheme benefit farmers?
Answer: The Agri Infrastructure Fund Scheme will finance 150 drone applications that will
benefit the farmer community and create 150 skilled pilots who will engage to become
entrepreneurs and improve farmers income.

6. How will the partnership with Union Bank of India benefit Garuda Aerospace?
Answer: The partnership with Union Bank of India, which has a pan-India presence and a
wide network of branches, will help Garuda Aerospace provide farmer-centric products in
the field of agriculture.
7. How many youth is Garuda Aerospace training free of cost?
Answer: Garuda Aerospace is training 1 lakh youth free of cost.
8. What is Garuda JOIN @thehindu444
Aerospace’s target for droneor
salesThenewsmaster
before March 31st?
Answer: Garuda Aerospace is targeting to sell 5,000 drones before March 31st.
9. How much are the AIF Loans for the drones?
Answer: The AIF Loans are collateral-free and can secure up to Rs.10 lakhs with 3 months
of EMI relaxation and a 5% interest rate for the youth and farmers.
10. How much can a youth earn per month by using the drone loan?
Answer: A youth can earn around Rs.75,000 to Rs.1 lakh per month by using the drone
loan.
January 14, 2023
2022 : World's Fifth-Warmest on Record
The world’s average global temperature is now 1.1C to 1.2C higher than in pre-industrial
times, according to U.S. scientists. Last year was the joint fifth-warmest on record, and the
last nine years were the nine warmest since pre-industrial times. This puts the 2015 Paris
Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to 1.5C in serious jeopardy.
Temperature Rankings
NASA announced that last year tied with 2015 as the fifth-warmest year since record-
keeping began in 1880. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ranked
2022 as the sixth warmest since 1880, while European Union scientists said it was the fifth
warmest year in their records. Climate assessments may produce slightly different
rankings depending on the data sources used and the way records account for minor data
alterations over time, such as a weather station being moved to a new location.
Increasing Temperature
NASA reported that temperatures are increasing by more than 0.2C per decade, putting
the world on track to blow past the 2015 Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to
1.5C to avoid its most devastating consequences. Schmidt also expected 2023 to be
slightly warmer than 2022, due to a weaker La Nina cooling phenomenon.
Weather Extremes
The changing climate fueled weather extremes across the planet in 2022. Europe suffered
its hottest summer on record, while in Pakistan floods killed 1,700 people and wrecked
infrastructure, drought ravaged crops in Uganda and wildfires ripped through
Mediterranean countries.
CO2 Emissions
Despite most of the world’s major emitters pledging to eventually slash their net
emissions to zero, global CO2 emissions continue to rise. Climate change is driving
extreme heat and flooding, concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere last year reached
levels not experienced on earth for 3 million years, Schmidt said.
COP28 Climate Conference
At this year’s COP28 climate conference, countries will formally assess their progress
towards the Paris Agreement’s 1.5C goal and the far faster emissions cuts needed to meet
it. COP28 host the United Arab Emirates appointed the head of its state-owned oil
company as president of the conference, sparking concerns among campaigners and
scientists about the fossil fuel industry’s influence in the talks.
In conclusion, the world’s average global temperature is now 1.1C to 1.2C higher than in
pre-industrial times, putting the 2015 Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to
1.5C in serious jeopardy. Unless countries stop burning CO2-emitting fossil fuels,
temperatures will continue to climb, and weather extremes will become more frequent
and more severe. The COP28 climate conference will be a crucial opportunity for countries
to formally assess their progress towards the Paris Agreement’s goals and the far faster
emissions cuts needed to meet them.
Rural Health Statistics Report 2021-22: Key Findings and Implications
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has recently released the Rural Health
Statistics Report 2021-22, providing a comprehensive overview of the state of rural
healthcare infrastructure and human resources in India. This report is an annual
publication by MoHFW since 1992, which is based on data uploaded by states and union
territories on the Health Management Information System (HMIS) portal and verified by
respective states. The report serves as a vision document in identifying the gaps in the
existing healthcare infrastructure and human resources in rural, urban and tribal areas of
the country and is an important source of information for citizens.
Rural Health Statistics 2021-22: Key Highlights of the Report
Health Centers
The RHS estimates as of 31 March, 2022, has revealed that each sub center (SC) catered to
an average of 5691 people, each Primary Health Centers (PHC) to 36049 people and each
Community Health Centers (CHC) to 164027 people. As per norms, each SC is supposed to
cater to a population of 3,000-5,000, each PHC to a population of 20,000-30,000 and each
CHC to a population of 80,000-1,20,000.
Urban Health Statistics
There is a vacancy of 18.8% of doctors, 16.8% of pharmacists, 16.8% of lab technicians and
19.1% of staff nurses at the U-PHCs (Urban PHCs). The population covered by a U-PHC
may vary from 50,000 to 75,000. Urban Community Health Centre (U-CHCs) is set up as a
referral facility for every 4-5 U-PHCs. The U-CHC caters to a population of 2,50,000 to 5
lakhs.
Rise in Number of Allopathy Doctors
There has been an over 50% rise in the number of allopathy doctors in primary health
centers since the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in 2005. The allopathic
doctors at PHCs have increased from 20,308 in 2005 to 30,640 in 2022.

Shortage of Specialist Doctors
The RHS report also highlights the acute shortage of specialist doctors in the country, with
a shortfall of nearly 80% of the required specialists at Community Health Centers (CHCs).
CHCs are 30-bed block-level health facilities that are supposed to provide basic care
related to surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and general medicine. There are 6,064 CHCs
across India, and the Health Ministry has been unsuccessful in meeting the requirement
for specialist doctors
JOINin @thehindu444
most of these centers.
or The report points out that there is a
Thenewsmaster
shortfall of specialist doctors, including surgeons (83.2%), obstetricians and gynecologists
(74.2%), physicians (79.1%), and pediatricians (81.6%).
Apart from specialist doctors, there is also a shortage of female health workers and
auxiliary nursing midwives, with up to 14.4% of these posts lying vacant in PHCs and SCs.
About Rural Health Statistics Report
The Rural Health Statistics Report is an annual publication of MoHFW since the year 1992.
This report provides data on health infrastructure including manpower up to 31st March
of every year. The publication is based on the data uploaded by States/UTs on Health
Management Information System (HMIS) Portal and is published only after getting
verified by respective States/UTs. The HMIS portal provides periodic reports on the status
of the health services performances and Human Resources and Infrastructure services
facilities available. It serves as a vision document in identifying the gaps in the existing
Healthcare Infrastructure and Human Resources in rural, urban and tribal areas of the
country.
Makar Sankranti Festival
Makar Sankranti is an important festival that marks the day the sun transits into Makara
Rashi or Capricorn zodiac. As per the solar calendar, it falls on 14 January every year. The
festival also marks the end of winter and the beginning of a new harvest season. It has
both seasonal and religious significance. It is considered one of the most auspicious days
of the Hindu calendar.
Makar Sankranti is celebrated in different ways across India under different names, each
region having its unique customs and traditions.
In Tamil Nadu, it is celebrated as Thai Pongal, where the festival is celebrated for four
days, with the first day being Bhogi Pongal, the second day being Surya Pongal, the
third day being Mattu Pongal and the fourth day being Kaanum Pongal.
In Andhra Pradesh, Bengal, Kerala, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Manipur, and Uttar Pradesh, it is celebrated as Makar Sankranti.
In Gujarat and Rajasthan, it is celebrated as Uttarayana, and people take a dip in holy
rivers and perform rituals to mark the beginning of the sun’s northward journey.
In Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, it is celebrated as Lohri, where people
light bonfires and perform folk dances around them.
In Assam, it is celebrated as Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu, where people light bonfires
and feast on traditional food.
Why is Makar Sankranti celebrated?

Sankranti day is dedicated to Lord Sun. It also refers to a specific solar day in the Hindu
calendar. On this auspicious day, the sun enters the zodiac sign of Capricorn or Makar
which marks the end of winter months and the beginning of longer days. This is the
beginning of the month of Magh. To recompense for the distinction that happens due to
the revolution around the sun, every 80 years the day of Sankranti is deferred by one day.
From the day of Makar Sankranti, the sun begins its northward journey or Uttarayan
journey. Therefore, this festival
JOIN is also knownor
@thehindu444 as Uttarayan. On this day, farmers across
Thenewsmaster
the country wish for a good harvest.
Makar Sankranti 2023: Surya Namaskar Demonstration Programme
Surya Namaskar Demonstration programme will be organized by the Ministry of AYUSH
on 14 January 2023 for 75 lakh people globally on Makar Sankranti to commemorate the
journey of the Sun to the Northern Hemisphere. According to pib, this occasion
commemorates thanksgiving to ‘Mother Nature’ for bestowing health, wealth, and
happiness. Exposure to the Sun further provides the human body with Vitamin D, which
has been widely recommended in all medical branches around the world.
Makar Sankranti History
Sankranti is deemed a Deity. As per the legend, Sankranti killed a devil named Sankarasur.
The day next to Makar Sankrant is called Karidin or Kinkrant. On this day, Devi slew the
devil Kinkarasur. The information of Makar Sankranti is available in Panchang. The
Panchang is the Hindu Almanac that provides information on the age, form, clothing,
direction, and movement of Sankranti.
Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train - Update (January, 2023)
Indian Railways has announced that it will be running its Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train on a
route connecting pilgrimage sites of Ayodhya in India and Janakpur in Nepal next month.
The initiative is aimed at strengthening bilateral relations and promoting cultural relations
between the two countries. The tour, called ‘Shri Ram-Janaki Yatra: Ayodhya to Janakpur’
will start from Delhi on February 17th, and will cover several other significant sites such as
Nandigram, Sitamarhi, Kashi, and Prayagraj. In this article, we will delve into the details of
the tour, the features of the train, and the pricing.
The Tour Itinerary
The tour, which is a seven-day package, will begin from Delhi on February 17th and will
have its first stop at Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Ram. Tourists will visit the Shri Ram
Janmabhoomi temple, Hanuman temple, and Bharat Mandir at Nandigram. From there,
the train will move to Sitamarhi Railway station in Bihar, where tourists will proceed to
Janakpur in Nepal by bus, which is 70 km away from the railway station. There will be two
nights stay in hotels in Janakpur and Varanasi, as per the statement issued by the Railway
Ministry.
Features of the Train
The Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train is a state-of-the-art Deluxe AC Tourist Train that comes
with a host of features to ensure a comfortable journey for the tourists. Some of these
features include two fine dining restaurants, a modern kitchen, shower cubicles in
coaches, sensor-based washroom functions, and foot massager. The train also provides
two nights stay in hotels in Janakpur and Varanasi, as per the statement issued by the
Railway Ministry.
Pricing and Payment Options
The tour package is priced at a starting range of ₹39,775 per person, and the price will
cover train journey in the respective class, night stay at AC hotels, vegetarian meals, all
transfer and sight-seeing in buses, travel insurance,
JOIN @thehindu444 and services of a guide. To make the
or Thenewsmaster
package more affordable and accessible to a larger population, IRCTC has tied up with
Paytm and Razorpay payment gateways to provide EMI payment options. Users can avail
the EMI payment option for making payment in 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 or 24-month EMIs through
debit/credit cards.
COVID-19 Measures
The statement issued by the Railway Ministry also mentions that COVID-19 final
vaccination is mandatory for all guests above 18 years of age. This measure has been
taken to ensure the safety and well-being of all the tourists on the train.
The launch of the Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train is in line with the Government of India’s
initiative “Dekho Apna Desh” to promote domestic tourism. The train offers a perfect
opportunity for tourists to explore the rich cultural heritage of India and Nepal, and the
tour package provides an all-inclusive and affordable way to experience it. The train’s
state-of-the-art features, comfortable accommodations, and affordable pricing make it a
perfect option for tourists looking to explore the pilgrimage sites of Ayodhya and
Janakpur.
"Soul of Steel" High-Altitude Endurance Challenge to be launched in India
In an effort to test one’s high-altitude endurance, a new challenge called “Soul of Steel”
will be launched in India. Spearheaded by venture CLAW Global, which is run by veterans
and supported by the Indian Army, the challenge will take place in the state of
Uttarakhand and is similar to the “Ironman triathlon” long-distance triathlon challenge in
Europe. The expedition will officially launch on January 14th, and will include 12 Indian
participants and six international teams, with the age group for applicants being between
18 and 30 years.
Purpose of the Challenge
The idea behind the “Soul of Steel” challenge, according to Major Vivek Jacob (Retd.) of
CLAW Global, is “pooling of skillsets and creating a challenge that will unlock the human
ability to survive, stabilize and thrive in high altitude areas.” The challenge will also
provide life skill training, youth development, and global promotion of adventure tourism
in Uttarakhand, in addition to showcasing the skills of veterans.
Modalities of the Challenge
The challenge will be divided into four stages, as explained by Major Jacob. In stage 1,
participants will undergo jungle and mountain training for over 40 days. In stage 2, high
altitude training will be provided for over 30 days. Stage 3 will involve a refresher course
for international teams for 15 days, followed by a seven-day challenge in stage 4.

Participant screening will begin on March 1st, and an instructor orientation program will
take place on March 15th. The final participant screening will be done on the ground at
Nanital on March 27th. Training will be provided during April and May of 2023.
Location of the Challenge
The general area of the expedition will be the Nanda Devi national park, which has several
peaks that are over 7000 feet tall. During the actual challenge, various situations will be
presented to the participants through navigation
JOIN @thehindu444 orpoints that they must cross.
Thenewsmaster
Cost and Sponsorship
The total cost of the project is estimated to be around ₹30 crore, and the organizers are
looking for companies to sponsor the challenge in addition to resources from the Army
and CLAW. Participants will be asked to pay a token fee, which will be affordable for all
Indians, according to Major Jacob.
About CLAW Global
CLAW Global was established in January 2019 by Major Jacob, a para special forces officer
who had to retire from the Army after 14 years of service due to a combat skydive injury.
In August 2021, a group of differently-abled people led by CLAW Global trekked up to
Kumar post on Siachen Glacier, the world’s highest battlefield.
Supreme Court on IT relief of Sikkimese women
The Supreme Court of India has recently ruled that the exclusion of Sikkimese women who
marry non-Sikkimese men after April 1, 2008 from exemptions under the Income Tax Act is
unconstitutional and amounts to gender discrimination. The court, in its judgment, held
that this discrimination is based on gender, which is violative of Articles 14, 15, and 21 of
the Constitution. This decision comes as a victory for women’s rights and gender equality.
Discrimination for Sikkimese Women
According to the judgment, the court observed that there is no disqualification for a
Sikkim man who marries a non-Sikkimese after April 1, 2008. This means that a Sikkimese
man who marries a non-Sikkimese woman after April 1, 2008 is still eligible for exemptions
under the Income Tax Act, while a Sikkimese woman who marries a non-Sikkimese man
after the same date is not.
In a separate opinion, Justice B.V. Nagarathna agreed that “there cannot be a
discrimination vis-à-vis Sikkimese women marrying a non-Sikkimese individual, whether
an Indian citizen or a foreigner, that too, on or after April 1, 2008”. The judges noted that a
woman is not a chattel and has an identity of her own, and the mere factum of being
married ought not to take away that identity.
Merger with India
Justice Nagarathna reminded that pursuant to the merger of Sikkim with India, the state
has become a part of India and “all Sikkim Subjects and all Sikkimese domiciled in the
territory of Sikkim have become Indian citizens”. This means that all Sikkimese citizens,
including women, should have equal rights and protections under the Constitution of
India.
Gender Equality
The court also emphasized the importance of gender equality, noting that women heirs
have to be treated equally with their male counterparts. Justice Shah observed that
“gender equality is recognized by the world community in general in the human rights
regime”.
In conclusion, the Supreme Court’s ruling on the exclusion of Sikkimese women from
exemptions under the Income Tax Act is a significant step towards achieving gender
equality and protecting
JOIN the rights of women in
@thehindu444 orIndia. The court’s decision reaffirms the
Thenewsmaster
principle that a woman’s identity should not be determined by her marital status and that
all citizens, regardless of their gender, should have equal rights and protections under the
law
Global South Centre of Excellence
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India will establish a Global
South Centre of Excellence to undertake research on development solutions for
developing countries. He also called for a human-centric globalisation to address the
concerns of these countries. The announcement was made during his opening address at
the concluding session of the Voice of Global South virtual summit.
Challenges Faced by Developing Countries
In his address, Prime Minister Modi acknowledged that the challenges of COVID-19, rising
prices of fuel, fertilisers, and food grains, and increasing geo-political tensions have
adversely impacted the developing countries. He said that these countries desire a
globalisation that does not create a climate crisis, debt crisis, or trigger unequal
distribution of vaccines or over-concentrated global supply chains.
“We want a human-centric globalisation. We, the developing countries, are concerned
about increasing fragmentation of the international landscape,” he said. “These
geopolitical tensions distract us from focusing on our development priorities… To address
this geopolitical fragmentation, we urgently need fundamental reform of international
organizations including the UN Security Council and Bretton Woods institutions,” he
added.
Global South Centre of Excellence
To address these challenges, Prime Minister Modi announced that India will establish a
Global South Centre of Excellence. This center will undertake research on “development
solutions or best practices of any of our countries which can be scaled up and
implemented in other members of the Global South”. The prime minister also noted that
the summit has seen participation from more than 120 developing countries.
This center will act as a platform for developing countries to share their best practices and
solutions to common development challenges, as well as to collaborate and learn from
each other. It will play an important role in promoting sustainable development and
addressing the needs of developing countries.
In conclusion, Prime Minister Modi’s announcement of establishing a Global South Centre
of Excellence for research on development solutions is a positive step towards addressing
the concerns of developing countries and promoting sustainable development. This

center will act as a platform for countries to share their best practices and collaborate to
find solutions to common development challenges.
January 14 : Armed Forces Veterans Day - Update (January, 2023)
Every year, on January 14, India celebrates Armed Forces Veterans Day. This day is
dedicated to honoring the sacrifices and service of veterans who have served in the
country’s armed forces. The celebration of this day began in 2017, and it is an important
day to reflect on the heroism
JOIN and dedication ofor
@thehindu444 veterans.
Thenewsmaster
Background
The origins of this day can be traced back to Armistice Day, which is celebrated on
November 11 all over the world. The first Armistice Day was held on November 11, 1919, to
commemorate the end of World War I and to honor the brave soldiers who fought in the
war. In India, the day was first marked through a resolution passed by the Congress in
1926.
Why November 11?
Armistice Day is commemorated on November 11 because it marks the armistice that was
signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany.
Veterans Day
In 1954, Armistice Day was changed to Veterans Day to honor the living veterans of all
wars. Unlike Memorial Day, Veterans Day is a day to pay tribute to the living veterans who
have served in wars.
Armed Forces Veterans Day
In 2017, Armistice Day was renamed Armed Forces Veterans Day in India. The fourth
Armed Forces Veterans Day was celebrated at the National War Memorial in 2020. The
Chief of Army, Chief of Navy, and Chief of Air Force were present at the event.
Why January 14?
Armed Forces Veterans Day is celebrated on January 14th every year, as it marks the day
when Field Marshal KM Cariappa, the first Commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed
Forces, retired. This day is chosen to honor the contributions of veterans in the armed
forces and recognize the sacrifices they have made for the country.
India-China Trade Reaches All-Time High
The trade between India and China reached an all-time high of USD 135.98 billion in 2022,
even as New Delhi’s trade deficit with Beijing crossed the USD 100 billion mark for the first
time, according to data released by the Chinese customs. This marks a significant increase
from the USD 125 billion recorded in 2021. Despite border tensions following the military
standoff in eastern Ladakh in May 2020, the trade between the two countries continues to
boom.
Trade Deficit
The trade deficit for India stood at USD 101.02 billion, crossing the 2021 figure of USD
69.38 billion. This is the first time the trade deficit, a serious concern constantly expressed
by India, has crossed the USD 100 billion mark. In 2021, the overall trade with China
totalled USD 125.62 billion, an increase of 43.32 per cent year on year crossing the USD 100
billion mark for the first time. The trade deficit in 2021 stood at USD 69.56 billion as India’s
imports from China witnessed an increase of 46.14 per cent to reach USD 97.59 billion.
India’s exports to China increased by 34.28 per cent year on year to reach USD 28.03
billion in 2021.
Trade Growth
According to an official brief on trade posted on the Indian Embassy website in Beijing, the
rapid expansion of India-China
JOIN bilateral trade
@thehindu444 orsince the beginning of this century has
Thenewsmaster
propelled China to emerge as India’s largest goods trading partner by 2008. Since the
beginning of the last decade, bilateral trade between the two countries has recorded
exponential growth. From 2015 to 2021, India-China bilateral trade grew by 75.30 per cent,
an average yearly growth of 12.55 per cent.
Trade Concerns
Officials say that while trade with China thrived on the availability of cheap Chinese goods
to India, it has continuously resulted in the spiralling trade deficit India had with any other
country. “Our trade deficit concerns are two-pronged. One is the actual size of the deficit.
Two is the fact that the imbalance has continuously been widening year after year,” the
Embassy brief said. “The growth of trade deficit with China could be attributed to two
factors: narrow basket of commodities, mostly primary, that we export to China and
second, market access impediments for most of our agricultural products and the sectors
where we are competitive in, such as pharmaceuticals, IT/ITES,” it said. Despite placating
statements to address India’s concerns, China has not taken any major steps to open up
pharma and IT sectors to Indian exports despite widespread demand.
Exports and Imports
On the decline of Indian exports to China, the Indian Embassy brief said “our predominant
exports have consisted of iron ore, cotton, copper, aluminium and diamonds/ natural
gems”. “Over time, these raw material-based commodities have been overshadowed by
Chinese exports of machinery, power-related equipment, telecom equipment, organic
chemicals and fertilisers.

Despite frosty bilateral relations and border tensions, the trade between India and China
continues to thrive, reaching an all-time high of USD 135.98 billion in 2022. However,
India’s trade deficit with China has also reached a new high, crossing the USD 100 billion
mark for the first time. India has expressed concerns about the trade deficit and market
access impediments for its agricultural products and sectors where it is competitive, such
as pharmaceuticals and IT. Despite these concerns, the growth of bilateral trade between
the two countries continues to be exponential.
Europe's Largest Deposit of Rare Earths Discovered in Sweden
Europe’s largest deposit of rare earths, which are used in everything from mobile phones
to missiles, has been found in Sweden. The discovery is being hailed as a way to reduce
the European Union’s (EU) dependence on China, which currently supplies 98% of the rare
earths used in the EU. The discovery is also being seen as crucial for the green transition,
given the expected increase in demand for electric vehicles and wind turbines.
Rare Earths Importance
The term rare earth refers to a group of 17 elements that are used to make a range of
products and infrastructure which are increasingly important to everyday life. They can be
found in mobiles, hard drives, and trains. But they are also important for green
technology including wind turbines and electric vehicles. Some are essential for military
equipment like missile guidance systems.
Discovery of Rare Earths
JOINin Sweden
Over one million tonnes of rare earths have now been found in Sweden’s far north.
Although significant, that is a fraction of the world’s 120-million-tonne reserves, according
to a US estimate. However, the discovery is being seen as a way to reduce the EU’s
dependence on China.
Demand for Rare Earths
Demand for rare earths is expected to increase fivefold by 2030. “Lithum and rare earths
will soon be more important than oil and gas,” the EU’s internal market commissioner
Thierry Breton said last year.
Importance for Green Transition
The newly discovered raw materials may not reach the market before 10-15 years’ time,
the LKAB mining company’s CEO Jan Mostrom said. Permitting processes take time due to
environmental risk evaluations. But Mr Mostrom called on authorities to speed up the
process, “to ensure increased mining of this type of raw material in Europe”. The
discovery of rare earths in Sweden is being seen as crucial for the green transition given
the expected increase in demand for electric vehicles and wind turbines.
The discovery of Europe’s largest deposit of rare earths in Sweden is being hailed as a way
to reduce the EU’s dependence on China. The rare earths are used in a wide range of
products and infrastructure, including green technology like wind turbines and electric
vehicles. The discovery is also seen as crucial for the green transition given the expected
increase in demand for these products. However, it may take 10-15 years for the raw
materials to reach the market, and authorities are being urged to speed up the permitting
process to ensure increased mining of this type of raw material in Europe.
Peru Crisis: Protests Turn Deadly
Peru is currently facing its worst outbreak of violence in over 20 years, as clashes between
security forces and protesters have left at least 40 people dead. The protests, which began
in December 2022, have been sparked by calls for fresh elections and government
accountability.
What sparked the protests?
The latest round of protests began in December 2022, following the impeachment and
arrest of former president Pedro Castillo on multiple corruption charges and for an
attempted “coup.” Castillo’s impeachment and arrest was followed by the ascent of his
former vice-president, Dina Boluarte, to the presidency. However, many Peruvians view
Boluarte as an illegitimate leader, and have called for fresh elections to allow the people
to choose their own leader. Boluarte has so far been unwilling to step down, and has only
agreed to hold “early” elections in 2024, rather than the scheduled 2026.
Government response adding fuel to fire
The Boluarte government’s response to the protests has only served to fuel the anger of
the protesters. Allegations of undue and excessive force by the government have been
widespread, with reports of live rounds being fired at protesters and smoke bombs being
dropped from helicopters. Human rights groups have also condemned the government’s
actions, with Amnesty
JOIN International Peru’s executive
@thehindu444 director Marina Navarro stating that
or Thenewsmaster
“the escalation of violence taking place in Peru is unacceptable. State repression against
demonstrators and the loss of human lives is exacerbating the crisis.”
The nature of the protests
While the government has been criticized for its handling of the protests, it is important to
note that the protesters themselves have also been responsible for acts of violence.
Reports of stone-pelting, vandalism, and arson have been reported across the country,
with protesters blockading highways, setting government and business buildings on fire,
and invading airports. These actions have caused tens of millions of dollars in damage and
lost revenue.
The impact on tourism
Peru is one of South America’s biggest tourist destinations, with visitors from across the
world attracted to the country’s natural beauty and archaeological heritage. The tourism
industry contributed nearly 4% of Peru’s total GDP in 2020, and employed nearly 8% of the
population, according to OECD iLibrary. However, the protests have brought the industry
to a near standstill, as prospective visitors fear for their safety.
Location of the protests
While protests have been seen across the country, the worst of the violence has been
reported from Peru’s long-marginalized, left-leaning south. This region, which is largely
indigenous, has long been overlooked by successive governments and is now demanding
greater representation and resources.
In conclusion, the situation in Peru is dire, with the country in the grip of its worst
outbreak of violence in over 20 years. The root cause of the protests is the people’s desire
for fresh elections and government accountability, however, the government’s response
to the protests has only served to fuel the anger of the protesters. The violence has also
had a significant impact on the country’s tourism industry, which is a significant
contributor to the economy. It is crucial that a peaceful resolution to the crisis is found
soon, before the situation deteriorates further.
January 16, 2023
What is ‘Saharsh’ Initiative of Tripura?
Tripura government has launched a special education programme called ‘Saharsh’ in an
effort to encourage social and emotional learning. The initiative was launched on a pilot
basis in August last year in 40 schools in the state, and from January 2023, it will be
extended to all government and aided schools of the state. The programme is aimed at
empowering children to learn with happiness and contribute to empathetic development.

What is Social and Emotional Learning?
Social and emotional learning (SEL) is the process through which children and adults learn
the skills they need to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals,
feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make
responsible decisions. SEL is critical for students to succeed in school and in life. The
‘Saharsh’ initiative is designed to help students develop these skills and become well-
rounded, resilient JOIN
individuals.
Effectiveness of the Program
The ‘Saharsh’ initiative is based on a similar programme that was found to be effective in
social and economic development in research studies of Harvard and Columbia
Universities. The programme is being contextualised with local realities of India before
implementing it in Tripura. The state government has already trained 204 schools for the
‘Saharsh’ curriculum while 200 more will be trained soon. Thirty assistant headmasters
from different districts of Tripura were also selected to work as Saharsh implementation
ambassadors.
Skyhawk: India’s first 5G enabled drone
Startup firm IG Drones, which was born out of Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology
(VSSUT) campus in Odisha’s Sambalpur has developed a 5G-enabled drone that is capable
of vertical take-off and landing. The drone, named Skyhawk, can be used in defence and
medical applications, among other sectors.
Key Features
Skyhawk drone can carry a 10 kg payload and has an endurance of around five
hours.
As it’s a VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing), it can be operated from any terrain
without the need of a conventional runway.
With the addition of Artificial intelligence and thermal imaging capabilities, the
drones can be used in monitoring border intrusion and also during regular patrolling
by the defence forces, according to the company.

It is IP67 rated and can be controlled via a combination of NavIC + GPS navigational
satellites which remain connected in the upper range of 50 to 60 in case of failsafe
activation.
Potential Applications
Skyhawk has been developed keeping in mind the needs of defence and medical sectors.
It is also ideal for border surveillance and defence operations. The drone is also capable of
operating through satellites in case an internet link is not available, which makes it useful
in remote areas. Additionally, the drone’s speed and range make it well-suited for medical
services delivery.
Application of 5G in Drones
The use of 5G technology in drones allows for much more precision in controlling the
drone. These drones can be controlled directly from the command centre rather than
being on the field. Additionally, 5G networks allow for faster communication between the
drone and the control center, which can be critical in time-sensitive operations such as
border surveillance and medical services delivery.
15 January : Army Day in India
India celebrates Army Day on January 15 every year to commemorate the achievements of
the first Indian Commanders in Chief of the Indian Army, General (later Field Marshal)
K.M. Cariappa. This day marks the day when Cariappa, who led Indian forces to victory in
the 1947 war, tookJOIN
over the command of the or
@thehindu444 Indian Army from General Sir FRR Bucher,
Thenewsmaster
the last British Commander-in-Chief in 1949 and became the first Indian Commanders-in-
Chief of Independent India. The Army Day is celebrated every year to honor Cariappa and
the defense forces.
75th Army Day
Until last year, the main Army Day parade was held at the Cariappa Parade ground in
Delhi where Service Chiefs paid homage to the Indian Army. However, this year as part of
an initiative to take major events to other parts of the country, away from the national
capital region, the 75th Army Day will be held in Bengaluru. The rationale behind the move
is to bring about increased visibility of these events and secure greater engagement with
the local population.
Army Day Parade and Activities
The parade on Army Day will begin with a wreath-laying ceremony by Chief of Army
Staff General Manoj Pande at Madras Engineer Centre War Memorial. Gen. Pande
will then review the Army Day parade. COAS unit citations will also be awarded to
units for their exceptional performance.
As many as eight marching contingents including a horse-mounted contingent from
the Army Service Corps and a military band comprising regimental brass bands will
be a part of this year’s Army parade. The Army Day parade will also be supported by
a flypast of Army aviation Dhruv and Rudra helicopters.
As a part of the Army outreach program to build a better bond with civilians, a run
was organized in Hyderabad at Necklace Road where around 1,000 people

participated.
A blood donation camp was also organized in which 7,500 units of blood were
donated in both Hyderabad and Secunderabad at Military hospitals.
Theme for the Event
In 2022, the Indian Army’s theme for the event was “In Stride with the Future”. It was seen
as an acknowledgement of the “increasingly critical role played by niche and disruptive
technologies in modern warfare”.
Davos 2023: World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting is set to begin in Davos on Monday, January 16,
bringing together world leaders to discuss pressing issues such as the Russia-Ukraine war,
global inflation, and climate change. The theme for this year’s meeting is ‘Cooperation in
a Fragmented World’ and will conclude on January 20.
What are the main focus of the discussions at WEF meeting?

Discussions are due to focus on short-term challenges like how to avoid the risk of a
global recession in 2023 and how to ensure a failing global effort to tackle climate
change is not set back even further by the energy crunch exacerbated by the Ukraine
war and sanctions on Russia.
While Ukraine dominated the sessions at the World Economic Forum’s annual
summit last time around, this time, too, there is expected to be a lot of discussion on
whether geopolitics
JOIN has trumped geoeconomics,
@thehindu444 if deglobalisation can pave the way
or Thenewsmaster
for re-globalisation and the future of the global world order.
Add to these, issues such as the climate crisis, a possible recession, the future of
work, preparing for the next pandemic, and it looks like the world has problems
aplenty.
Who will be attending the WEF meeting?
The WEF meeting is another major platform for global leaders to address the
multiple crises that have deepened divisions and fragmented the geopolitical
landscape. The 53rd annual meeting will be joined by more than 2,700 leaders from
130 countries, including 52 heads of state/government.
In addition to world leaders, several leaders, entrepreneurs, and young businessmen
from India will also join the meeting. Union ministers Ashwini Vaishnaw, Mansukh
Mandaviya, Smriti Irani, and R K Singh will be in attendance, as well as state chief
ministers Eknath Shinde, B S Bommai, and Yogi Adityanath.
Indian businessmen and entrepreneurs joining the congregation include Byju
Ravindran, Natarajan Chandrasekaran, Rajesh Gopinath, CP Gurnani, Rishad Premji,
Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Adar Poonawalla, and Dinesh Kumar Khara.
Oxfam's "Survival of the Richest" Report
According to a new study by Oxfam International, the richest 1% of people in India now
own more than 40% of the country’s total wealth, while the bottom half of the population
together share just 3% of wealth. The study, titled “Survival of the Richest,” was released
on the first day of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting.

How Can Taxing India’s Billionaires Help Address Inequality?
The report suggests that taxing India’s ten-richest at 5% could fetch enough money to
bring children back to school. Additionally, if India’s billionaires were taxed once at 2% on
their entire wealth, it would support the requirement of Rs 40,423 crore for the nutrition of
malnourished in the country for the next three years. A one-time tax of 5% on the 10
richest billionaires in the country (Rs 1.37 lakh crore) is more than 1.5 times the funds
estimated by the Health and Family Welfare Ministry (Rs 86,200 crore) and the Ministry of
Ayush (Rs 3,050 crore) for the year 2022-23.
What Impact Does Gender Inequality Have on Earnings?
The report also highlights the impact of gender inequality on earnings. It states that
female workers earned only 63 paise for every 1 rupee a male worker earned. For
Scheduled Castes and rural workers, the difference is even starker – the former earned
55% of what the advantaged social groups earned, and the latter earned only half of the
urban earnings between 2018 and 2019.
How Has the Pandemic Affected India’s Billionaires?
Since the pandemic began in November 2022, billionaires in India have seen their wealth
surge by 121% or Rs 3,608 crore per day in real terms, Oxfam said. On the other hand,
approximately 64% of the total Rs 14.83 lakh crore in Goods and Services Tax (GST) came
from bottom 50% of the population in 2021-22, with only 3% of GST coming from the top
10%. The total number
JOIN of billionaires
@thehindu444 in India increased from 102 in 2020 to 166 in 2022.
or Thenewsmaster
What Can Be Done to Address Wealth Inequality in India?
Oxfam India CEO Amitabh Behar said, “The country’s marginalized – Dalits, Adivasis,
Muslims, Women and informal sector workers are continuing to suffer in a system which
ensures the survival of the richest.” He urged the Union finance minister to implement
progressive tax measures such as wealth tax and inheritance tax, which he said have been
historically proven to be effective in tackling inequality.
Citing a nationwide survey by Fight Inequality Alliance India (FIA India) in 2021, Oxfam said
it found that more than 80% of people in India support tax on the rich and corporations
who earned record profits during the Covid-19 pandemic. More than 90% participants
demanded budget measures to combat inequality such as universal social security, right
to health and expansion of budget to prevent gender-based violence.
National Urban Technology Mission for Municipal Services and ULBs
The Centre is set to launch a five-year National Urban Technology Mission, which will
infuse technological innovations in municipal services and infrastructure of 4,500 urban
local bodies in the country. The mission, to be spearheaded by the ministry of housing and
urban affairs, will have three major sub-heads and an outlay of ₹15,000 crore for five
years.
What is the Purpose of the Mission?
The National Urban Technology Mission will aim to improve the online governance
and monitoring of environmental infrastructure of 1,000 cities.
The mission will identify six basic common citizen services which every urban local
body will have to offer online, including issuing birth and death certificates, providing
water and electricity connections, computation and collection of property tax and
grievance redress.
Additionally, the sewage treatment, air quality, flood management and water bodies
of these cities will be monitored through technological interventions.
What Services Will be Offered Online Under the Mission?
Under the mission, all urban local bodies will be required to offer six common services to
citizens, which will mean that the entire country will offer these services online to the
people. These services will necessarily include issuing birth and death certificates,
providing water and electricity connections, computation and collection of property tax
and grievance redress.
How Will the Environmental Infrastructure be monitored?
The second sub-head of the mission would be monitoring and efficient management of
the environmental infrastructure of 1,000 cities. Under the mission, sewage treatment, air
quality, flood management and water bodies of these cities will be monitored through
technological interventions. This will help to ensure that cities are equipped with the
necessary technology to manage and monitor their environmental infrastructure, leading
to improved services for citizens.
CII Business Confidence Index
The Confederation of Indian
JOIN Industry (CII) has
@thehindu444 or reported that the latest CII Business
Thenewsmaster
Confidence Index for the October-December quarter rebounded to its highest reading in
almost two years, with a value of 67.6. This is an increase from 62.2 in the previous
quarter, reflecting optimism around India’s position despite rising global uncertainties.
The CII stated that the sharp improvement in the value of the index was due to subsiding
concerns around the impending recession and its impact on the Indian economy.
The Index is based on the findings of a survey of over 120 firms of varying sizes and across
all industry sectors and regions of the country.
What is the Expected Growth Rate of the Indian Economy?
A majority (70 per cent) of the survey respondents feel that the Indian economy will
expand in a range of 6.5 per cent to 7.5 per cent in the current financial year ending
March, down from 8.7 per cent in the last fiscal. The latest first advance estimates of GDP
for the current fiscal put the GDP print at 7 per cent.
What is the Impact of Policy Rate Hikes on Economic Activity?
Nearly half of the respondents (47 per cent) have indicated that they have already started
feeling the impact of the policy rate hikes by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on the overall
economic activity, as revealed by the survey. High interest rates have also impinged on
private investment levels. Currently, most of the heavy lifting to support growth is being
done by public capex, with private capex playing a supporting role.
How is Global Economic Headwinds Affecting India’s Economy?
Despite global economic growth witnessing headwinds due to tightening financial
conditions and geopolitical tensions, an overwhelming 73 per cent of the survey

respondents expect only a moderate impact on the Indian economy. The confidence
among respondents stems from the fact that 86 per cent believe the government’s focus
on infrastructure is the biggest positive for the Indian economy, followed by improvement
in tax collections and good consumption recovery.
Will Investment Cycles Recover in the Next Fiscal?
The survey results present an encouraging prognosis with 90 per cent feeling that their
company’s investment cycle will recover during the next fiscal. Around 52 per cent expect
recovery during the first half of the next fiscal while about 37 per cent of them foreseeing
a pickup in investments by the second half of the year.
What is the Outlook for Profit Margins in the Oct-Dec Quarter?
With a resumption of business activity, expectations for the Oct-Dec quarter have
improved as majority of the respondents anticipate an increase in sales (60 per cent) and
count of new orders (55 per cent). Consequently, the profit outlook for the quarter has
strengthened as nearly half of the respondents (47 per cent) foresee an increase in profit
margins, despite the majority of them indicating high input costs.
Rajasthan's Blindness Control Policy
The state of Rajasthan has made history by implementing the first-ever policy for
blindness control in the country, with the objective of “Right to Sight.” Rajasthan Chief
Minister Ashok Gehlot has taken an innovative initiative towards realizing the concept of
“Nirogi Rajasthan”JOIN
(Healthy Rajasthan) in the state.
Key Points
The policy aims to bring light in the lives of more than 3 lakh people suffering from
visual impairment in the state. The prevalence rate of blindness in the country was
1.1% in 2020, and the government aims to bring it down to 0.3% through the
Blindness Control Policy.
The government is taking a number of measures to improve access to eye care
services in the state. The state government under the policy for Blindness Control
will mandatorily run Keratoplasty Center and eye bank in all the government medical
colleges.
Under this policy, cornea collected by private organizations and NGOs getting
financial help from the government will have to be provided to the government
institutions on priority.
Efforts to eliminate visual impairment would be made in the districts in collaboration
with voluntary organizations, trusts, hospitals, and other charitable institutions
working in this field. The state government will carry out a campaign for eye
donation on an extensive level along with the private institutions.
Nirogi Rajasthan Campaign
The “Nirogi Rajasthan” campaign, launched by the Rajasthan government on December
17th, 2019, aims to improve the overall health and well-being of the state’s citizens. The
campaign focuses on a wide range of health-related issues and employs a multi-pronged
approach to address them, including promoting healthy lifestyles, preventative healthcare

measures, and creating awareness about various health-related issues.
This policy and campaign are a significant step towards improving the standard of living in
Rajasthan and providing the residents with access to essential services that were
previously out of reach.
India's First Centre of Excellence in Online Gaming
The Indian government has recently announced plans to set up the country’s first Centre
of Excellence in Online Gaming in Shillong, Meghalaya by March 2023.
Key Points
The centre, which will be established under the Digital India Startup Hub through the
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), is aimed at catalyzing start-ups and
entrepreneurs from the entire North East Region to build the next generation of
online gaming ecosystem.
In addition to the Centre of Excellence, the government will also be setting up a

state-of-the-art facility under the National Institute of Electronics and IT (NIELIT) in
Shillong to provide training on cutting-edge digital skills.
The 10-acre campus, which is currently under construction, will cater to the skilling
requirements of youth in the North East Region.
Scope of the Online Gaming Industry in India
India has one of the largest markets for the gaming business. A report by the Boston
Consulting GroupJOIN
(BCG) @thehindu444
and Sequoia India or
suggests that the Indian mobile gaming
Thenewsmaster
industry will be worth $5 billion in 2025. However, the industry also faces issues with
violent and unregulated content in online games. The government is taking steps to
address these issues and foster a safe and trusted ecosystem for the online gaming
industry.
Re-Launching Skill India through PMKVY 4.0
The government is also re-launching the Skill India program through PMKVY 4.0, which
will train around 50,000 youth in Meghalaya in future-ready skills with industry-backed job
opportunities. The Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship under PMKVY 4.0 has
set a target to skill around 60,000 youth in Tripura and 35,000 in Nagaland across a
spectrum of approved courses.
Rajasthan Becomes First State to Implement Blindness Control Policy
Rajasthan has become the first state in India to implement a policy for blindness control
with the objective of ensuring the “right to sight” for its citizens. The Medical & Health
Department of the state government released the policy document over the weekend,
outlining a massive drive to reduce the rate of blindness and bring light into the lives of
over 3 lakh people suffering from visual impairment.
Prevalence of Blindness
The prevalence rate of blindness in Rajasthan was 1.1% in 2020, and the new policy aims to
bring it down to 0.3%. This ambitious goal will be achieved through a combination of
keratoplasty centers for cornea transplant, eye banks in medical colleges, and public
awareness campaigns.
Cornea Transplants and Eye Banks
The state government will mandatorily run keratoplasty centers for cornea transplant and
eye banks in all medical colleges. Additionally, cornea collected by private bodies and non-
government organizations receiving financial assistance will be made available to
government institutions on priority.
Collaboration with Voluntary Organizations
Comprehensive efforts for the elimination of visual impairment will be made in all districts
in collaboration with voluntary organizations, trusts, hospitals, and charitable institutions.
This will include special training for eye experts and surgeons, post-graduate students,
and counsellors working for eye donation.
Public Awareness and Technical Improvements
The policy also entails a drive for public awareness as well as technical improvement
activities related to the cure of blindness. This will include campaigns for eye donation on
an extensive level and training for eye assistants, in addition to training for eye surgeons
and other specialists.
Rajasthan has taken a bold step in implementing a policy for blindness control, with the
goal of ensuring the “right to sight” for all its citizens. The state government’s efforts, in
collaboration with voluntary organizations, trusts, hospitals and charitable institutions, will
go a long way in reducing the prevalence of blindness and bringing light into the lives of
those suffering from visual@thehindu444
JOIN impairment. or Thenewsmaster
India's National Green Hydrogen Mission
In a move towards a greener future, the Indian government has announced the National
Green Hydrogen Mission, with the goal of making India the global hub for green
hydrogen production. The mission aims to achieve a production capacity of 5 million
metric tons of hydrogen per year by 2030 and will be overseen by an Empowered Group,
comprising of key government officials and industry experts.
The National Green Hydrogen Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet on January 4th,
with an expenditure budget of Rs 19,744 crore.
Empowered Group for National Green Hydrogen Mission
The Empowered Group for National Green Hydrogen Mission will be headed by the
cabinet secretary and will include the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of
India, NITI Aayog CEO, and secretaries of various ministries, as well as experts from the
industry. This group will be responsible for steering and implementing the mission,
providing guidance, monitoring progress, and recommending policy interventions to
achieve the mission’s objectives.
National Green Hydrogen Advisory Group
In addition to the Empowered Group, a National Green Hydrogen Advisory Group will also
be established. This group will comprise experts from academic and research institutions,
industry, and civil society, and will advise the Empowered Group on all science and
technology-related matters pertaining to the mission.
Technology Gap Analysis and Benchmarking
The National Green Hydrogen Advisory Group will carry out a technology gap analysis for
various aspects of the hydrogen value chain. Based on this analysis, the group will define
broad performance and cost targets based on global benchmarking.
National Startup Day 2023
National Startup Day is celebrated annually on January 16th in India, to recognize and
promote the country’s vibrant startup ecosystem. The day is marked by a week-long
event, the Startup India Innovation Week, organized by the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry and the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
While there is no designated theme for the day, the event is focused on highlighting the
contributions of startup businesses and encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship in
the country. The event provides a platform for startup business owners to connect with
investors, mentors, and other entrepreneurs, and to share their ideas and experiences.
History of National Startup Day

National Startup Day was established by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2022, as a way
to celebrate the successes of the startup community in India. The first National Startup
Day was observed in 2022, and PM Modi praised the expansion of startups over the
previous few years as he spoke with aspiring business owners via video conference.
Significance of National Startup Day
National Startup Day is an opportunity for startup business owners to discuss innovation
and their contribution
JOIN to@thehindu444
the economy. It also
or highlights the importance of startup
Thenewsmaster
initiatives and how they contribute to society at large. Additionally, it encourages young
people to pursue entrepreneurship as a career option. This day is also celebrated to
applaud and promote the Indian startup ecosystem.
Startup India Innovation Week
The Startup India Innovation Week is organized by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
and the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in the entire
week of National Startup Day January 10 to 16. The first day of the week features events,
including a webinar on “Founders of Today, Leaders of Tomorrow” despite the lack of a
set theme for the day.
Jallikattu celebrations begin in Madurai
Recently, the bull-taming sport of Jallikattu, also known as ‘Eru Thazhuvuthal’ and
‘Mancuvirattu’, has begun in full swing in the Palamedu of Madurai district.
Key Points
This traditional event, which is a part of the Pongal celebrations and is held on the
day of Mattu Pongal, is a sport where a bull is let loose among a crowd, and
participants attempt to take control of the bull by holding on to its hump for as long
as they can.
The sport is held in various locations across the state, including Avaniyapuram,
Palamedu, and Alanganallur.
This year, over 9,690 bulls and 5,399 tamers have registered online for participating
in the Jallikattu.
To control the spread of COVID-19, the District Collector Aneesh Shekhar issued
standard guidelines for the Jallikattu event. Only 300 bull tamers and 150 spectators
are allowed in the Palamedu Jallikattu competition.
Mann Kuthal Process
Before the Jallikattu event, the ‘Mann Kuthal’ process takes place where bulls are trained
to develop their skills by digging their horns in the wet earth. The bulls are prepared to
attack when someone tries to catch their hump.
Why is Jallikattu important?
The sport is a traditional way of preserving pure breed native bulls for the peasant
community. Currently, cattle breeding has become an artificial process. The
conservationists argue that Jallikattu is the best way to protect the male animals which
otherwise are used only for meat.
Jallikattu in other states

In Karnataka Jallikattu is called Kambala. The Karnataka Government too passed a law to
save the sport. Except in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, the sport is banned in other states
such as Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Controversy Surrounding Jallikattu
The sport of Jallikattu has been a controversial topic in India, with some arguing that it
violates animal rights while others argue in favor of preserving the “culture and customs”
of the local populace.
JOINThe@thehindu444
Supreme Court’s decision to abolish Jallikattu served as the
or Thenewsmaster
primary impetus for the demonstration. The protests’ largely peaceful atmosphere
attracted praise from all throughout the nation, spurring efforts to make several other
Indian states’ previously unlawful festivals legitimate.
Thiruvalluvar Day
The Thiruvalluvar Day is celebrated annually on January 15th or January 16th in Tamil
Nadu as a part of Pongal (or Sankranti) celebrations. The day is dedicated to honoring the
contribution of the Tamil poet Thiruvalluvar, who is best known for his literary work, the
Thirukkural. The Thirukkural is a collection of 1330 couplets divided into 133 sections, and
is considered one of the greatest works of Tamil literature.
About Thiruvalluvar
Despite his literary legacy, little is known about Thiruvalluvar’s life. There is no information
available about his family, birthplace, or religious affiliation. Some believe that he lived in
Mylapore, Chennai, and was born under a tree in the Ekambareshwar (Lord Shiva) temple
complex. Others suggest that he lived in the 8th century. In 1976, the Tamil Nadu
Government built the Valluvar Kottam in his honor and a 133-foot statue was erected in
Kanniyakumari.
Thirukkural
The Thirukkural, written by Thiruvalluvar, is divided into three parts: Dharma, Artha, and
Kama. Dharma represents virtue, Artha represents wealth, and Kama represents love. The
couplets in the Thirukkural define moral living, ideal characteristics of every relationship in
the world, and moral responsibilities of every human being.

Valluvar Year
The Valluvar year is a calendar system that has an additional 31 years. For example, the
Valluvar year 2022 (Gregorian year) is 2053. The idea of Valluvar Day was initiated by the
former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M Karunanidhi.
Why is the Day Celebrated on January 16 or January 17?
The resolution to celebrate Thiruvalluvar Day was passed on January 17, 1935, by Kali
Sivakannuswami Pillai and Padmashri Suppayya. The first Thiruvalluvar Day was
celebrated in May 1935. However, over time the celebrations began to fade away. In 1954,
an Elam scholar from Sri Lanka took efforts to revive the day. Today, the day is widely
celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
Varuna 2023: India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise
The 21st edition of the bilateral naval exercise between India and France, Exercise Varuna,
has begun on the Western Seaboard on January 16th, 2023.

Key Points
The bilateral exercise, which was initiated in 1993, was named ‘Varuna’ in 2001 and
has become a defining feature of the India-France strategic bilateral relationship.
This edition of the exercise will see the participation of the Indian Navy’s indigenous
guided missile stealth destroyer INS Chennai, guided missile frigate INS Teg,
maritime patrol aircraft P-8I and Dornier, integral helicopters, and MiG29K fighter
aircraft. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
The French Navy will be represented by the aircraft carrier Charles De Gaulle, frigates
FS Forbin and Provence, support vessel FS Marne, and maritime patrol aircraft
Atlantique.
Importance of the Exercise
The exercise will take place over five days, from January 16th to 20th, 2023, and will
involve advanced air defense exercises, tactical maneuvers, surface firings, underway
replenishment, and other maritime operations.
Exercise Varuna plays a critical role in strengthening the strategic partnership
between India and France, and in enhancing the interoperability and understanding
between the two navies. It also serves as an opportunity for both countries to
demonstrate their commitment to regional peace, security, and stability.
The exercise also enables the Indian Navy to learn from the French Navy’s advanced
capabilities and technologies and to improve its own maritime capabilities.
CEA Disaster management plan for Power Sector
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has released a disaster management plan (DMP) for
the power sector, in order to evolve a proactive and integrated approach to strengthen
disaster mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, and recovery efforts. The power
sector is one of the most critical infrastructures of the country, and any disruption due to a
disaster can create hardship for human beings as every aspect of human life is directly or
indirectly associated with electricity.
Background
The DMP comes as the Government is investigating instances of land subsidence in the
Uk’s Joshimath, the gateway to pilgrimage sites, such as Badrinath and Hemkund Sahib.
The DMP is also in conformity with the 10-point agenda articulated by the Prime Minister
at the Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2016. This includes
investing in risk mapping globally, creating a network of universities working on disaster-
related issues, leveraging social media and mobile technologies for disaster risk reduction
(DRR), and building local capacities for disaster management, reduction, and relief.
Highlights of the DMP
The DMP provides a framework and direction to the utilities in the power sector for
all phases of the disaster management cycle.
It is intended to guide all agencies within the sector with a general concept of
potential emergencies and roles and assignments before, during, and following
emergency situations.
To estimate threats to power infrastructure, it is pertinent that fragility and
vulnerability analysis is carried out for civil structures like buildings and foundations
in transmission and distribution facilities.
Objectives of the DMP
The main objectives of the DMP are to find out the quantitative risk involved in power
networks and to devise effective strategies for prevention, mitigation, response, and
recovery. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Significance of DMP
Accurately assessing climate risks is challenging, hence, electric utilities can manage risks
by considering different climate scenarios and potential impacts on their assets. This will
ensure a reliable power supply and quick restoration even in times of extreme weather
events and natural disasters. This will also be helpful for policy and decision-makers to
evaluate strategies and measures for critical infrastructure planning and protection.
January 17, 2023
National Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme
The National Aquifer Mapping and Management programme, which aims to identify
aquifers and water availability, is set to be completed in one year, according to G. Asok
Kumar, Director General of the National Mission for Clean Ganga, Union Ministry of Jal
Shakti. The announcement was made during a conference on ‘Water Reclamation and
Reuse’ organized by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
and the International Water Association (IWA) in Chennai.
Aquifer Mapping
Elaborating on the Central government’s initiatives to resolve issues of water
management and water governance, Mr. Kumar said the aquifer mapping would help in
developing plans for groundwater management. The mapping will provide a detailed
understanding of the location and extent of aquifers, the amount of water available, and
the quality of the water. This information will be used to develop plans for the sustainable
management of groundwater resources.

Reuse and Recycling of Wastewater
Noting that the policy on reusing of treated wastewater has found resonance in many
States, Mr. Kumar said the Central government’s emphasis was on wastewater as a
resource rather than as waste, and would work towards banning freshwater use for non-
potable purposes. He spoke about the national framework for safe reuse of treated water,
and the prime focus now is on reuse and recycling of wastewater and monetisation of
sludge and treated sewage.
Jal Jeevan Mission and Namami Gange
Jal Jeevan Mission, which aims to provide tap connections to all households by 2025, and
the Namami Gange programme, which aims at a cleaner Ganga and enhanced sewage
treatment capacities. The Jal Jeevan Mission will provide safe and adequate drinking water
to households in rural areas, while the Namami Gange programme will work towards
cleaning up the Ganges river and improving sewage treatment facilities.

Chennai as a Manufactured Water Capital
Experts also spoke about how Chennai was fast-emerging as a manufactured water
capital in the country, with its recent wastewater reuse initiatives. Rajiv Mittal, CMD and
Group CEO of VA Tech Wabag Ltd., a company that has executed desalination and tertiary
treatment projects for Chennai, said besides adding desalination plants with treatment
capacities of 550 million litres a day, projects are being planned for the optimum supply of
recycled water and use of
JOIN tertiary treated water
@thehindu444 for indirect potable use through the
or Thenewsmaster
recharge of lakes.
Investing in Water Recycling
Naina Lal Kidwai, chairman of FICCI Water Mission, spoke about the significance of
investing in water recycling, sharing industrial best practices and creating a market for
treated waste water to build a water-resilient future. Wastewater must be treated as an
asset and incentives like carbon credits must be provided for reuse and recycling of
wastewater. Reclaimed water would ensure drought-proof water availability, food security
and sustainable socio-economic development.
January 18, 2023
Who is Abdul Rehman Makki?
Abdul Rehman Makki is a Pakistan-based terrorist who was recently listed as a global
terrorist by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) under its ISIL (Daesh) and Al-
Qaeda Sanctions Committee. He has been sanctioned based on his links to the 2000 Red
Fort attack and the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks. Makki is the brother-in-law of Lashkar
leader and founder Hafiz Saeed, who was the mastermind of the 26/11 attacks. In 2022,
India and the United States jointly proposed listing Makki under the United Nations
Security Council’s Al-Qaeda and ISIL Sanctions Committee, however, China rejected the
proposal by putting a “technical hold” on it.
Key Facts
Makki’s listing serves as an effective tool to counter terrorist threats and dismantle
terror infrastructure in the region.

It puts pressure on Pakistan to take action against those involved in terrorist
activities.
It highlights the importance of international cooperation in the fight against
terrorism.
It sends a clear message to Pakistan that the international community will not
tolerate state-sponsored terrorism.
It serves as a reminder of China’s role in the international community and the
responsibility it holds in addressing global security issues.
It holds those responsible accountable for their actions, and sends a clear message
that the international community will not tolerate their actions.
Implications
Makki’s listing as a global terrorist could lead to financial sanctions on Makki and his
associates. It puts pressure on Pakistan to take action against those involved in terrorist
activities and could lead to further isolation on the international stage. Makki’s listing
highlights Pakistan’s role as a breeding ground for terrorist groups and its failure to take
action against them. It undermines Pakistan’s claim that it is a victim of terrorism and
supports counter-terrorism efforts, it will be seen as evidence of the opposite.
India and Russia Joint Venture starts production of Kalashnikov AK-203
The Indo-Russian joint venture for the manufacturing of Kalashnikov AK-203 assault rifles
is a testament to the strong
JOIN partnership relations
@thehindu444 orbetween the two countries. The move to
Thenewsmaster
manufacture these rifles in India through a joint venture not only lends greater firepower
to the Indian armed forces but also serves as a significant step in strengthening military-
technical cooperation between the two nations.
Production and Distribution
The Kalashnikov AK-203 is now being produced in India through a joint venture between
Russia’s Rosoboronexport and India’s government-owned Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
under the brand name “Kalashnikov India” in Korwa, Amethi, Uttar Pradesh. The facility
has the capacity to produce 750,000 rifles per year
Made in India Initiative
The joint venture, Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited, plans to ensure 100% localisation of
the production of AK-203 rifles in India, in line with the government of India’s ‘Made in
India’ initiative. The facility will not only be able to fully equip the personnel of other law
enforcement agencies in India with AK-203 assault rifles but also has plans to export its
products to third countries, thereby promoting the ‘Make in India’ initiative on a global
scale.
What is Kalashnikov AK-203 Assault Rifle?
The Kalashnikov AK-203 is a type of assault rifle that is designed and manufactured by the
Kalashnikov Concern, a subsidiary of the Russian Rostec State Corporation. The AK-203 is
part of the AK-200 series of rifles, which are based on the traditional AK-47 design but
feature modernized and updated components.
What is the Giving to Amplify Earth Action (GAEA) Initiative?

The World Economic Forum, in partnership with over 45 organizations, has launched the
Giving to Amplify Earth Action (GAEA) initiative. The goal of GAEA is to fund and grow new
and existing public, private, and philanthropic partnerships (PPPPs) to unlock the $3
trillion of financing needed each year to reach net zero, reverse nature loss, and restore
biodiversity by 2050.
GAEA’s Partners and Objectives
GAEA’s growing body of philanthropic partners includes organizations such as the African
Climate Foundation, Bezos Earth Fund, and the Rockefeller Foundation. Over the next 12
months, GAEA will work with these partners and McKinsey Sustainability as a knowledge
partner, to build momentum around three clear objectives:
Convene leaders from the public, private, and philanthropic sectors to identify and
target climate and nature solutions where they are best positioned to play a catalytic
role.
Pilot and refine funding models that can support PPPP interventions.
Scale up funding for targeted climate and nature solutions, leveraging philanthropy
as a catalyst for attracting and deploying other forms of financing.
The Role of Philanthropy
Philanthropic giving can address this funding gap, with unique qualities not found in other
financing. Philanthropy is nimble, more tolerant of risks and is driven by values and long-
term outcomes rather
JOIN than quarterly returns.
@thehindu444 Philanthropic financing for climate
or Thenewsmaster
mitigation has risen in recent years, but still represents less than 2% of total philanthropic
giving, estimated at $810 billion in 2021.
GAEA aims to change this by tapping into the potential of philanthropic funding to
catalyze and attract other forms of financing to help unlock the $3 trillion needed annually
to reach net zero, reverse nature loss and restore biodiversity by 2050.
World Economic Forum (WEF)
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Swiss non-profit organization that brings
together leaders to discuss global issues.
Founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab
Mission is to “improve the state of the world” by shaping global, regional, and
industry agendas.
WEF’s activities include publishing research reports, hosting events, and providing a
platform for collaboration.
WEF’s 2023 annual meeting in Davos Switzerland.
January 20, 2023
World Population Review
The United States Census Bureau World Population Clock recently released its “World
Population Review” report. According to the report, the world’s population (as of
September 2022) was 7.9 billion. It is to reach 8 billion by November 2022. In 2015, the
world population was 7.2 billion.
Key Findings of the Report
India and China were the only countries with more than 1 billion people.
China is the most populous nation in the world with 1.42 billion people.
The population of India is 1.41 billion. India is to overtake China and become the
most populous nation in the world by 2030.
The population growth rate of the world is decreasing. It will reach zero by
2080-2100. After 2100, the growth rate will be negative.
Prediction made: By 2100, the world population is to reach 10.4 billion people.
Countries with more than 100 million people
Twelve countries in the world have more than 100 million people. They are as follows:
US: 338 million
Indonesia: 275 million
Pakistan: 236 million
Nigeria: 219 million

Brazil: 215 million
Bangladesh: 171 million
Russia: 144 million
Mexico: 127 million
Japan: 123 million
Ethiopia: 124 million
Philippines: 115 million
Egypt: 111 million
Of these twelve countries, the population of Russia and Japan is to decrease by 2050. But
the population growth rate of the rest of the countries is expected to increase.
Countries with less than 100 million people
Vatican City is the least populated country in the world with a population count of
500 people.
Eighty countries have populations between 10 million and 99.9 million.
Sixty-six countries have populations between 1 million and 9.9 million.
Seventy-Four countries have a population of less than one million.
Population Growth rate
World Population growth rate: 140 babies are born every minute
The growth rate fell below 1% in 2020. This occurrence is the first since 1950.
Future Predictions
Half of the world’s population is expected to come from just eight countries. They are as
follows:
India
Egypt
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Philippines
Tanzania
Congo
As fertility and birth rates are increasing in some African countries, their population is
expected to double in the coming days. Another reason for the doubling is the decrease in
malnutrition and infant mortality.
Life Expectancy
Global life expectancy has increased. It was 72.8 years in 2019. This is nine years
longer than the expectancy in 1990. The global expectancy is expected to increase
and reach 77.2 years by 2050.
Life expectancy is increasing because of the reduction of impacts of non-
communicable diseases and AIDS.
India-UAE Partnership Summit
The India-UAE Partnership Summit is to be held in Dubai on January 23-25, 2023.

International Business Linkage Forum is to host the summit along with Dubai Chambers.
The summit follows increasing trade ties between the countries due to the Golden Visa
policy of UAE and The CEPA Agreement.
About the Summit
Government speakers and business personalities will attend the summit and will
discuss strategies to increase trade opportunities between the countries.
Sectors to beJOIN
focused in the summit: Health
@thehindu444 care, Startups, Food processing, and
or Thenewsmaster
manufacturing
The summit will discuss the golden Visa Scheme of UAE and the success stories of
businesses that thrived in Dubai
India-UAE
In 2021, India was the second biggest trading partner of the UAE.
India was the first country to sign the bilateral trade agreement with UAE.
5 million Indians are staying in UAE and they make up 30% of the UAE population
CEPA Agreement
CEPA is Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. India and UAE signed the
agreement in 2022
The gems and jewelry sector are expected to benefit more from the agreement
CEPA is expected to increase the trade between the countries to 100 billion USD
within five years
CEPA is a free trade agreement between two countries. It adds trade benefits. For
instance, by signing CEPA with UAE, Indian goods received an 80% reduction in
tariffs.
India and other countries’ CEPA agreement
India has signed the CEPA agreement with two other countries other than UAE. They are
Japan and South Korea.
Golden Visa Scheme
It is an immigration program of the UAE government. Under the scheme, a businessman
(a wealthy individual) gets a residence permit and even citizenship in some cases. Apart
from UAE, several other countries follow this scheme. They are Portugal, Italy, Germany,
Greece, Bulgaria, Austria, Belgium, Malta, the UK, Canada, the USA, etc.
Impact of the Golden Visa Scheme
The UAE government recently increased the validity of the golden visa to 10 years. This
change and the CEPA agreement have widened trade opportunities between the
countries. The Summit is one of the opportunistic events of these changes.
Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura Foundation Day: January 21
On January 21, 2023, the northeastern states Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura celebrated
their Statehood day. The government of India granted their statehood on January 21,
1972, under the North Eastern Region (Reorganization) Act, 1971.
Background
During British rule, there were 565 princely states in India. They were not part of British
India but were tied to the system via Subsidiary Alliances. The Government of India Act, of
1935 introduced the Instrument of Accession. Under this, a princely state may choose to
join the Federation of India. Most of the princely states disagreed with the Instrument of
Accession but changed their opinion after Second World War. After the British left India in
1947, many states joined the federation. Some held on to their autonomy.
Formation of Manipur
Maharaja of Manipur, Bodhachandra Singh signed the Instrument of Accession with India
in 1947. Indian Government assured the king that the internal autonomy of Manipur will
be maintained. The king started facing pressure from the public and therefore made
Manipur a constitutional monarchy in 1948-49. With this Manipur became the first Indian
region to hold elections. By 1948, the Manipur assembly started facing differences and the
Maharaja was losing his power amongst the public. By 1949, the Indian Government
signed a merger agreement with Maharaja of Manipur. From 1949 to 1972, Tripura
remained a Union Territory. It received statehood in 1972.
Formation of Meghalaya
Meghalaya comprises three main regions called Khasi hills, the Garo hills, and the Jaintia
hills. The rulers of Garo and Khasi joined India in 1947.
Meghalaya was made a sub-state of Assam in 1969 under the Assam Reorganization
(Meghalaya) Act, 1969. This was done according to the sixth schedule of the Indian
constitution. The sixth schedule discusses the administration of tribal areas and their
autonomy. Later Meghalaya received its statehood in 1972.
Formation of Tripura
Tripura did not sign the Instrument of Accession initially. It merged with India in 1949 and
was made a Union Territory. Later it received its statehood in 1972.
Kerala rolls out menstrual and maternity leaves for students
The Kerala Government recently introduced menstrual leave for girl students above the
age of 18 years. The decision is a part of the gender-sensitive education reforms of the
Kerala Government.
About Menstrual and Maternity leaves
The decision on menstrual and maternity leaves was made by the Higher Education
Department. In accordance with the decision, a girl of age 18 years and above is
eligible to avail of 60 days of menstrual leave in a year.
The Higher Education Department also availed maternity leave for students pursuing
their higher education.
With this, the attendance percentage of girl students is sealed at 73% as against the
usual 75%.
Why the menstrual leave?
To ease the physical and mental pressure of girl children during their cycles. Girls face
physical and mental pressure during their menstrual cycles due to fluctuating hormone
levels.
First Menstrual leave in India
The concept of menstrual leave was first introduced by the Cochin University of Science
and Technology (Cusat). The university launched the move on the demand of SFI students.
The student union demanded 24 days of extra menstrual leave for girls.
Menstrual leave policy in India
There are no laws on menstrual leave in India. However, certain private companies are
offering menstrual leaves to their female employees. Some of them are Swiggy, Magzter,
Gozoop, Zomato, etc. The discussion of menstrual leave has recently increased due to the
rapid changes in lifestyle. As you observe, these companies are in the door delivery
business, and therefore, the need for menstrual leave has become mandatory.
Menstrual leave in other countries
In 2016, Sweden introduced paid menstrual leaves by passing a law. But most of the other
EU nations including Spain and France have not yet adopted the policy.
Bills on Menstrual leave
In 2017, a Congress Lok Sabha MP, Ninong Ering from Arunachal Pradesh introduced the
Menstruation Bill calling for two days of menstrual leave.
Jaipur Literature Festival
The Jaipur Literature Festival is celebrated in the month of January in the city of Jaipur, the
Pink city. 16th edition of the festival is to be celebrated in 2023. The festival was introduced
in 2006 and is the largest free literary festival in the world.
Key Highlights
Nobel Laureate Abdulrazak Gurnah addressed the festival, Abdul received the Nobel
prize in literature in 2021. He was honored for his works on the fate of the refugees
and the effects of colonialism in the Gulf.
The Festival is to focus on varied topics such as Artificial Intelligence, Geopolitics, the
Russia-Ukraine conflict, crime fiction, translation, economics, etc.
Why is Jaipur Literature Festival Celebrated?
To bring the literary experts, artists of different fields, and writers to a single
platform
To give space for the artists to indulge in a meaningful debate
Jaipur: Pink City
Jaipur is rich in architecture. In 1876, the city was completely painted pink upon the visit of
Prince Albert. Albert was Queen Victoria’s husband. The city was painted pink to welcome
him. Since then the city is widely called the Pink city.
Apache attack helicopters
The Indian Army had ordered six Apache Helicopters with the Tata Boeing Aerospace
Limited (TBAL). So far, six of these helicopters have been delivered and five more are
being prepared. The order was placed under the GoI’s Aatma Nirbhar Bharat initiative.
The initiative aims to make India self-reliant. And therefore, GoI placed its order with the
Hyderabad-based TBAL. The TBAL is a joint venture established to make India a global
defense exporter.
India’s role in Apache helicopter
Today, after the establishment of TBAL, every Apache helicopter sole in the world has its
origin in India. This is because the venture supplies secondary structures required in the
production of the helicopters.
Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited
Apart from Apache helicopters, the TBAL also manufactures fin structures of Boeing 737.
TATA in airspace
TATA is planning to produce EADS CASA C 295 aircraft in Vadodara. These are transport
aircraft. GoI sold Air India to TATA under its disinvestment plan. TATA has now merged Air
India with Vistara Airlines. Vistara Airlines is a joint venture of TATA and Singapore Airlines.
Apache helicopter
It is an attack helicopter with a Turbo Shaft engine. It is armed with chain guns. The
helicopter has night vision systems and target acquisition systems. Also, it can carry
missiles and rocket pods. The Apache model was designed and developed by the Hughes
helicopter for the US Army.
Apache helicopters in Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force inducted these helicopters in 2019. They were first deployed in Pathankot
Air Force Station. They replaced the MI-35 helicopters. India bought MI-35 from Russia.
Indo-Egypt Joint Training Exercise Cyclone-I
The Indian and the Egyptian Armies are to conduct the first-ever joint exercise Cyclone-I. It
is to be held in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan for 14 days. The exercise is the first of its kind as it
brings the special forces of the countries to a common platform. Cyclone-I would help the
armies exchange their culture and ethos. Also, they will foster interoperability and aid in
boosting the diplomatic relation between the nations.
Objectives of the exercise
The exercise is to honor the professional skills of the armies.
It will focus on skills necessary to fight in desert terrain undertaking reconnaissance,

counter-terrorism, and other special operations.
The armies will share their experience, professional knowledge, and tactics
The exercise aims to build trust between the countries
Training and Drills
30-40 special forces are participating in the exercise
The armies will engage and get trained in combat free fall, sniping, surveillance, etc
India-Egypt
Exercise Desert Warrior is held between the Air Forces of the countries.
India and Egypt manufactured Helen-300 jointly
In 2006, the Defense Committee was formed. The committee is responsible for
framing key defense decisions between the countries. The sixth meeting of the
committee was held in 2016.
2022 marked the 75th year of India-Egypt relations

Trade between India and Egypt was 7.26 billion USD in 2021.
First Movers Coalition (FMC) Leadership Meeting
The World Economic Forum recently conducted the First Movers Coalition Leadership
Meeting deliberating the need for clean energy technologies. India participated in the
meeting.
What did India say at the meeting?
India pushedJOIN for increased European investments.
@thehindu444 The country highlighted the need
or Thenewsmaster
for mutual partnership with European countries.
India met several world leaders and discussed its Startup 20 agenda. The S 20 is a
Science Summit to be organized by India on the sidelines of the G20. In 2023, India is
hosting the G20 meeting.
First Movers Coalition
The FMC was launched by US President Joe Biden in 2021. He launched it at the Climate
Change Conference held in Glasgow. The aim of the coalition is to create a robust market
for clean energy technologies. The FMC aims to aid high-emitting industries like aviation,
steel, shipping, and chemicals to decarbonize. This is to be achieved by leveraging their
purchasing power
Which countries are part of FMC?
India, Japan, Norway, Italy, and Sweden. UK, USA, Singapore, Germany, Denmark. Canada
joined the coalition in 2023. Apart from these countries, 60 other multinational companies
are also part of FMC.
FITUR International Travel Exhibition
The International Tourism Fair or the FITUR travel exhibition is being held in Madrid, Spain
for five days. India participated in the exhibition. The tourism fair is one of the most
important tourism exhibitions in the world. FITUR means Feria Internacional del Turismo.
Background
After COVID, the tourism sector has been facing a huge downfall. With the countries
relaxing travel restrictions, the travel and tourism sector is looking for opportunities to
replenish. India is attending the exhibition to increase its tourism revenue. Almost 42
million Indians associated with the tourism sector became jobless post-COVID. India is
now looking for opportunities to develop its tourism sector. And therefore, FITUR is one of
the best opportunities.
About the FITUR Exhibition
It was first held in 1981. The exhibition dedicates a separate pavilion for each participating
country. The countries shall use these pavilions to exhibit their tourist attractions.
India at FITUR
The Ministry of Tourism is representing India at the fair. The exhibition has provided 253
square meters for India to exhibit its attractions. Along with India, there are 30 other
countries participating in the exhibition.
Major Ports Adjudicatory Board Rules, 2023
The Government of India legislated the Major Port Authorities Act in 2021. Section 54 of
the act brings in the need for the constitution of an Adjudicatory Board to regulate the
major ports in the country. Section 58 of the act gives the function of the board. The
Government of India recently issued a notice regarding the rules of the board.
Major Ports Adjudicatory Board Rules
The board will set the port tariffs
It will take over the roles and responsibilities of the tariff authorities currently
operating in respective ports
It will function under the same authority as granted to a civil court
The board has full power to adjudicate the rights of the ports, their obligations,
partnership concessions, dedicated berths
Board also has powers to issue orders based on the complaints registered by the
users of the ports. The users include private participants as well
It can investigate the operations of the ports at any time at will
Members of the board
A selection committee is to choose the members of the board. The committee is formed
by the Chief Justice of India, the Personnel and Training department, shipping ministry
secretaries
Major Ports of India
There are more than 200 ports in India. However, not all the ports are categorized as
major ports. The Indian Ports Act, of 1908 defines the Major Ports as the port declared by
the Union Government. The Central Government declares a port as a major port based on
the facilities in the port. Today there are 13 major ports in India. The Vadhvan port in
Maharashtra is the 13 th and newly added major port. The other 12 major ports are
Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Port Blair, Tuticorin, Ennore, Kandla, Mangalore, Mormugao,
Paradip, Visakhapatnam, and Kochi.
Odisha’s Strategy to mitigate Human-Elephant Conflict
The Forest Department of the Odisha recently submitted a Ten Pillar Strategy to mitigate
Man-Elephant conflict in the state. There are more than 2000 elephants in the state of
Odisha spread across the Bhitarkanika National Park, Similipal Tiger Reserve, Debrigarh
Sancturay, and Satkosia Tiger Reserve. Today elephants are facing serious threats due to
poaching, poisoning, electrocution, and road and train kill. Seldom have they indulged in
human conflict due to loss of habitat. To bring in a solution and put an end to the human-
elephant conflict, the Odisha Government has brought in a ten-point strategy.
Strategy
Zone-based approach to be adopted
Three separate strategies for the following:
Protection
Prosecution
Enforcement
Strategy to improve elephant corridor
Strategy to replenish elephant habitats

People’s participation in spreading awareness
Habitat management that will consider increasing the forest productivity
Planting elephant food plants, bamboo plants
Replenish water sources
Solar fencing under Jana Surakya Gaja Rakhya Scheme
Control and prevention of forest fire
What is Zone based Approach?
The approach was adopted from the state of Karnataka. Under the approach, the elephant
habitats are to be divided into four broad zones. They are as follows:
Zone 1: Elephant Conservation Zone
Zone 2: Elephant-Human Coexistence Zone
Zone 3: Conflict Mitigation Zone
Zone 4: Elephant Removal Zone
Decline in Number of birds in Kole Wetlands
Kole wetlands are located in Kerala. The Asian Water Bird Census recently reported that
the number of birds in the wetland has reduced significantly. The number of water birds
in the wetland has decreased from 15,959 in 2022 to 9,904. This is huge and the survey
accuses unscientific construction in the region of the decline.
What does the census say?
The 2023 census was the 23rd AWC. Kole wetlands are of major concern due to the huge
water bird population decline. The population decline was mainly due to habitat loss in the
region. This occurs because of unscientific construction and waste dumping.
Rare birds in the Wetland
In the 2023 census, the ornithologists spotted some rare birds. And therefore are more
concerned about the expropriation of their home. Some of the rare birds spotted in the
region are Amur Falcon, Wood Sandpiper, and Cattle Egret. Rare migratory birds were also
spotted in the region such as Painted Storks, Whiskered Tern, Garganey, and Ibis.
About Asian Water Bird Census
The census identifies and counts water birds and predominantly focuses on the declining
population of the birds in wetlands. It is a part of the International Waterbird Census.
These censuses are conducted by Wetland International. The census is conducted in
different parts of the world such as Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Neotropics.
Neotropics includes South America and Central America.
Asian Water Bird Census in India
In India, the census was first conducted in 1987. The Bombay Natural History Society
assists Wetlands International in conducting the survey in the country.
Significance
The survey aids to get an outlook on the bird population. Has the bird population
declined? Are more birds becoming endangered? Causes of bird population decline. Also,
it helps in better implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Convention
on Migratory Species
South Africa announces Joint Naval Drills with Russia, China
In the path of strengthening multilateral ties, South Africa, Russia, and China are to hold
naval drills in the Indian Ocean. It is to be held in the month of February 2023. During the
exercise, the countries will exchange knowledge and operational skills. Relationships
among the countries have been prosperous and the exercise will improve them further.
Where exactly?
The Naval drills are to be conducted in the Durban port city in Richards Bay. The city is
very important to South Africa as it generates 60% of its revenue. The port is one of the
largest Southern hemisphere container ports. Jakarta of Indonesia is the first largest
container port in the southern hemisphere followed by Surabaya (Indonesia) and Santos
of Brazil. Fourth is Durban port.
About the Naval drills
350 South African servicemen will participate in the naval drill. Russia is expected to send
two of its warships to the exercise. Prior to this, this trilateral exercise was held in 2019 in
Cape Town.
Shows independence of BRICS
The exercise shows the diplomatic independence of South Africa. Being a part of BRICS
association along with Brazil, Russia, India, and China, South Africa has the independence
to hold the exercise. Meaning, none of the BRICS members will interfere when others are
holding such exercises.
Take on Ukraine War
The US has been trying to isolate Russia citing the Ukraine war. However, the exercise
comes as a counter-move to its actions. In fact, the countries are to hold the exercise
during the anniversary of the Ukraine invasion. The US has disapproved of the move of
South Africa. On the other hand, South Africa had held several defense exercises with the
US and other NATO members in the past.
US launches Welcome Corps Scheme

The United States Government recently launched a scheme called “Welcome Corps” to
allow its citizens to offer sanctuaries to refugees. The scheme is aimed at expanding the
capacity of the US Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) and will help the public cover the
costs of refugees arriving in the US.
About the Welcome Corps Scheme
The Welcome Corps scheme is a new initiative from the US government to provide
support for refugees arriving in the country under the USRAP. Initially, the scheme will
only be open to those refugees who have been approved by the US government and the
goal is to get at least 1000 Americans to sponsor the refugees. The model is similar to the
one used in Canada, known as the “Refugee Cap” program.
Refugee Cap
President Joe Biden has capped the number of refugees that can be admitted to the US at
125,000. However, so far only 6,750 refugees have arrived in the country. This level was set
by President Biden in an effort to counter the historically low numbers set by former
President Trump. Biden promised to reverse the harsh immigration policies of the Trump
Administration and increasing the number of refugees admitted to the US is a part of that
effort.
Background
The Biden Administration has faced criticism from activists for expanding Title 42, a law
that allows the USJOIN
government to take emergency
@thehindu444 actions in the interest of public health
or Thenewsmaster
and safety. The law has been used very rarely in the past, but was invoked by President
Trump in 2020. The Biden Administration had intended to lift Title 42, but was unable to do
so. The decision to send asylum seekers from Cuba, Venezuela, Haiti, and Nicaragua back
to Mexico under the expansion of Title 42 has also been met with criticism from activists.
The Welcome Corps scheme is seen as an effort by the Biden Administration to address
these criticisms and provide support to refugees in a more direct way. By allowing
American citizens to sponsor refugees, the government hopes to expand the capacity of
the USRAP and provide more opportunities for refugees to start new lives in the United
States.
January 21, 2023
Performance Assessment Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development (PARAKH)
The Government of India recently launched PARAKH to assess the performance of
secondary and higher secondary students. Different states in the country are following
different assessment procedures to evaluate their students. Because of the variations,
students are facing difficulties during their college admissions. PARAKH will bring
uniformity to the analysis procedures.
PARAKH – A Part of National Education Policy, 2020
The National Education Policy, of 2020 brought in several changes to the education system
of the country. Major changes were at the school level. The concept was PARAKH was one
among them. The policy aims to achieve inclusion and excellence. PARAKH will help in
achieving inclusion. How so? Difference in evaluation patterns seldom affects the college
admissions of students. For instance, the state board students face more difficulties to
compete with the CBSE school students. This is because of differences in syllabus, exam
pattern, and above all the differences in evaluation.
PARAKH – A part of NCERT
PARAKH is to function under NCERT. NCERT is the National Council of Education Research
and Training. In fact, PARAKH was launched by NCERT.
What will PARAKH do?
PARAKH will release guidelines to the state and central boards
It will remove the disparities in scoring school students from different states
PARAKH Will provide new assessment patterns to the state boards
Functions of PARAKH
PARAKH is to function in three major areas namely examination reforms, school-
based assessments, and large scale assessments

It will work with international organizations and education boards
PARAKH will conduct National Achievement Survey
Chris Hipkins – New Zealand’s Next Prime Minister
Chris Kipkins of New Zealand is to succeed Jacinda Ardern as PM. He belongs to the
Labour Party of NZ. He is to take charge by February 2023. Currently, Chris serves as the
Education minister of the country. He played a big role as Health Minister during the
pandemic. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Why is New Zealand electing a new PM?
Jacinda Ardern recently announced that she is to step down as PM. After her
announcement, the labor party unanimously voted for Chris. Many believe that his role as
health minister during COVID earned him the ranking.
Role of Chris Hipkins
Chris was designated as the health minister during COVID in addition to other portfolios
such as education and public service. He also acted as the Leader of the House during that
time. Chris is also looking after the police services in the country and tackling crime rates.
Background
Chris did his graduation from Victoria University. His major works were in politics and
criminology. Before entering the Parliament in 2008, Chris worked as the senior advisor to
the education ministers.
Why did Jacinda retire?
Jacinda is one of the most popular Prime Ministers of New Zealand. She still has nine more
months left for the term. She cited professional burnout as the reason for her resignation.
She was the youngest PM of New Zealand who took over the office at the age of 37.
Endorsement Guidelines for Celebs and Social Media Influencers
Lately, the advertising media is using celebrities from different fields like cinema and
sports to endorse their products. With the digital bloom after the pandemic, social media
influencers are playing a major role in the field. In fact, their role has increased as
compared to that of actors and sportspersons! The Consumer Affairs Department working
under the Consumer Affairs ministry believes that these endorsements are misleading the
public. To avoid this, the department has launched the “Endorsement Guidelines” or
“Endorsement Know-How”. These guidelines work under Consumer Protection Act.
What do the guidelines say?
The endorsements should carry disclosures. And such disclosures should be clear.
Today the disclosures are easy to miss. Some platforms run the disclosures at 2X or
3X speed. Customers hardly understand them
The influencer or the celebrity should disclose his connection with the advertiser.
This includes the monetary benefits he is receiving to advertise the product,
incentives, hotel stays included in the shoot, awards, gifts, free products he is
receiving from the advertiser, and other personal relations
The language used in the endorsement should be simple
Terms such as paid promotion, advertisement, or sponsor should be clearly visible

and reachable to the consumers. Font size and audio of such terms should be clear
and loud
Background
These guidelines were launched in accordance with the Consumer Protection Act of 2019.
The main objective of GoI to legislate the act is consumer protection. According to the
Indian Government, the advertisements are misleading the consumers and the use of
unfair trade practices
JOIN has@thehindu444
increased among the
orbusinessmen in the country. The act will
Thenewsmaster
protect the consumers from these two issues.
January 22, 2023
BharOS: Indigenous Mobile Operating System
The BharOS is an operating system used in mobile phones. It was developed by JandK
Operations Private Limited. IIT Madras was the pioneer in developing the app. And IIT
Madras developed it through its JandK organization. Basically, JandK is a non-profit private
organization. The IIT Madras Pravartak Technologies launched this private organization
along with others. It is funded by the Science and Technology department of the
Government of India.
What is BharOS?
The main objective of BharOS operating system is security. The OS is unique as it allows
only safe and trusted applications to be installed on the OS. BharOS screens the
applications before installation begins. If the app is not safe, then the OS doesn’t provide
access.
Key Features of BharOS
There are No Default Apps in the OS. Default apps are those applications that come
with OS. The user cannot uninstall them. For instance, Gmaps, GMAIL, and other
Google Applications are the default apps of Android OS. You cannot uninstall them
even if you are not using them. The drawback of default apps is memory
consumption. If the user is not using these apps, they drain out user data, memory,
and power
It provides strict security features and therefore is apt for 5G networks. Users willing
to use cloud services will be benefited the most from the app
The OS provides more control to the users. Applications get installed on the OS only
after taking user permission. This does not happen in Android and iOS.
Access to PASS
With BharOS, users get free access to PASS. PASS means Private App Store Service. PASS
has a list of curated apps. Meaning the apps in PASS are of high standard and secure. They
are already screened for malware, hacking issues, password protection, and other security
features.
Launched under NMICPS
JandK launched the app under NMICPS, that is, National Mission on Interdisciplinary
Cyber-Physical Systems. It operates under the DST of the Science and Technology ministry.
NMICPS aims to provide training in cyber technologies and prepare youth to face
challenges in the field.
India International Science Festival, 2023
The eighth India International Science Festival is to be held in Bhopal. The Union Minister
Jitendra Singh inaugurated the festival. According to the Government of India, the festival
is a step in moving towards “AMRIT KAAL”.
The theme of India International Science Festival, 2023
Marching TowardsJOIN AMRIT @thehindu444
KAAL with Science and orTechnology
Thenewsmaster
Significance of the theme
The theme aligns with and signifies the following:
Self-Reliant India
G20 vision of India in 2023 (India is hosting the 2023 G20 meet)
One Earth One Family One Future
Events at IISF
This year IISF features 14 events. They are related to student science, Guinness world
records, how to develop science through games and toys, scientist conclave, innovation
festivals, technology shows, etc.
Key features
Students from more than 2500 schools are to participate. Also, startups from the Biotech
and agricultural fields will also participate in the festival
What is AMRIT KAAL in the festival?
The IISF is to focus on AMRIT KAAL. During the 75th Independence Day celebrations held in
2021, PM Modi unveiled a new road map for India. This road map is for 25 years. It talks
about how to make India a developed country, how to reduce the differences between
rural and urban areas, and more. All these are to be achieved using science and
technology. These 25 years were referred to by the Prime Minister as AMRIT KAAL. And the
term was frequently used by the finance minister during Budget presentations. The IISF is
striving forward in this context.
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi – Chief Guest of Republic Day

Every republic day and independence day celebration, India invites chief guests from
different countries. Earlier, that is, between the 1950s and 1970s, India invited chief guests
from the Eastern Blocs and NAM. However, the trend has now changed. We are now
inviting our close trade partners and allies to the celebrations. This year, in 2023, India
invited the Egyptian President.
Why the Egyptian President?
Recently, the ties between India and Egypt have been growing strongly. The following
events prove the point:
5th India – Egypt Joint Trade Committee meeting held in late 2022. Trade between
India and Egypt increased by 75% in the past year
Egypt in 2020-21 became one of the largest investment destinations of India. The
Indian investments in the country amount to 3 billion USD
Defense ties between the countries are growing stronger. Defence Minister Rajnath
Singh visited the country in 2022 and signed an MoU
Cyclone I military exercise was recently conducted between India and Egypt
Egypt agreed to import wheat from India in 2022
Previous Chief Guests and Analysis
US President Barack Obama was the chief guest in 2015
In 2018, India invited many such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
JOIN @thehindu444 or Vietnam, and South Africa. Around this
Thenewsmaster
period, India was actively implementing the Look East Policy. India strived hard to
use the North East region as a pathway to increase its trade with South Asian
countries. And thus, these countries were invited to the celebrations that year.
2019: South Africa
2020: Brazil
2021, 2022: None due to COVID
New Initiatives launched at WEF
The World Economic Forum met at Davos, Switzerland. During their meeting, the world
leaders launched more than fifty initiatives focusing to build a resilient and sustainable
world. Most of the initiatives addressed the food crisis issues and economic energy issues.
The event is of great significance as economists are expecting an economic crisis due to
geopolitical tensions. Also, recessionary risks have been forecasted. Pressure on food,
inflation, and energy is expected to increase in 2023. The Ukraine war and US–China
relations are to cause income-related crises and global economic runoff. The initiatives
were launched considering the impacts of these issues.
Giving to Amplify Earth Action
The initiative will raise 3 trillion USD for climate and nature. That is, it will ensure that 3
trillion USD is available for the climate and nature-related actions of WEF. HCL
Technologies of India is supporting the initiative along with 45 other stakeholders. What
will they do? They will help WEF raise 3 trillion USD in funds.
The main objective of GAEA
To achieve net – zero
Restore biodiversity by 2050
Stop deforestation and reduce environmental destruction
Make sure the 1.5 degrees target is in tight track
Maharashtra signed agreement
The Maharashtra State Government signed an agreement with World Economic Forum to
get technical advice and strategies for Urban transformation.
Telangana signed agreement
Telangana Government signed an agreement to get a life science center and a health care
center
FireAld initiative
It aims to manage wildfires using Artificial Intelligence. Under the initiative, scientists will
use data and maps to determine the intensity of wildfires in different parts of the world.
Based on the determined levels, the scientists will plan the logistics essential to manage
the wildfire. WEF has already tested the initiative in Turkey and succeeded.
Global Collaboration Village Mission
The main objective of this initiative is to create a space for discussion. The mission will
bring in all stakeholders together to discuss on the economic development of the world. It
aims to bring global development.
Cyber Resilience in Oil and Gas Initiative
The oil and gas industry is becoming more prone to cyber-attacks. This initiative will work
to find cyber solutions to protect oil and gas pipelines. In 2021, the US faced a major
pipeline attack called the “Colonial Pipeline Attack”.
IAF to hold Exercise Pralay
The Indian Airforce is to conduct a massive military exercise near the Line of Actual
Control. The Government of India conducts such military exercises on the border to
control the infiltrations. Infiltrations are common in the Line of Control, India – Pakistan
border, and Line of Actual Control, India – China border. During these military exercises,
there is a huge movement of artilleries and soldiers to the border. Squadrons move and
surround the region during the exercises. This helps to keep a check on the trouble-
causing elements at the border. The PRALAY is to be conducted on the North Eastern
border where Chinese infiltrations are rising these days.
About PRALAY Exercise
With PRALAY exercise the Government of India has decided to exhibit its Air Force power
in the region. Therefore, PRALAY will be conducted by IAF. It is to be noted that India
recently deployed S – 400 missiles in the region. PRALAY will see the participation of
India’s leading fighter jets such as the Rafale and Su-30.
Drones in the Exercise
Indian Air Force has moved its drone squadron to the Siliguri corridor to participate in the
exercise. This time the drones from other bases are being brought to the venue. This
means the plan is big. India is planning to monitor activities in the Siliguri corridor as well
for its geopolitical significance.
Why IAF and not the military?
LAC is located in hilly terrain. India lost the 1962 war with China because of this reason.
The Indian side of the Himalayas is steeper than the Chinese side. And Indian Air Force
was not as powerful as that the Chinese in the 1960s. After the 1960s, India started
building its Air Force. Indian Air Force is now one of the top ten strongest and most
powerful air forces in the world.
India’s Stand on Implementation of 13A in Sri Lanka
In 1987, India and Sri Lanka signed an agreement to implement the 13th amendment of
the Sri Lankan constitution. According to the agreement, the Sri Lankan Government will
provide powers to the Tamil community in the country. Recently, External Affairs Minister
Jai Shankar declared that India ponders the implementation of 13A “CRITICAL”. According
to India, 13A is essential for the Sri Lankan Government to reconcile with the Tamil
community in the country.
What is 13A?
13A is the 13th amendment of the Sri Lankan constitution. It will give more power to the
Tamil people in the country. Tamilians are the minority in the country of Sri Lanka. The
Tamil community in the country is demanding a separate state. In 1987, with the Indian
Union Government’s efforts, the Sri Lankan Government agreed to increase the powers of
Tamilians in the country
JOIN through 13A. However,or
@thehindu444 13AThenewsmaster
was not implemented.
Why 13A?
The root cause of the issue dates back to British rule. During the British period, the
Tamilians were powerful in the country. Tamilians constituted only 11% of the Sri Lankan
population and the Sinhalese constituted 11.2%. After the British left the island in 1948,
the pattern started changing. More Sinhalese were coming to power. Upcoming Sinhalese
started disenfranchising the Tamilians. This led to the formation of the Liberation Tigers of
Tamil Eelam, that is, LTTE in 1976. Fights between LTTE and the Sri Lankan Government
reached their peak in 1983. This is when India started interfering. And in 2009, the war
ended with the Sri Lankan Army killing the LTTE leader. Though the war ended, the
condition of Tamilians in the country has meagerly improved. They are still facing
discrimination. This is why India is making statements yet again.
January 23, 2023
EXIM Data: Trade Deficit narrows by 10 billion USD
The Government of India recently revised its import bill. With this revision, the country’s
foreign trade between April 2022 and November 2022 differs from the estimates made by
the Ministry of Commerce. Import bill has been increased or decreased in each of these
months by at least 2 billion USD. According to the revision, the total merchandise exports
made by India during these eight months amount to 298 billion USD. Earlier it was 276
billion USD. This is 12 billion USD higher than the estimates produced. The trade deficit
was 10 billion USD lower than the estimates made previously.
Revisions
Apart from the above revisions, the trade deficit was also revised. Accordingly, India
faced the highest trade deficit in September and not in July.
Total merchandise exports were higher by 12 billion USD
The trade deficit was 10 billion USD lower
What is an import bill?
The import bill is the total import made by a country. It includes all the goods and services
imported. Say India bought Palm oil from Malaysia. To this Malaysia sent a bill of 2 million
USD. Now, this 2 million USD is an import bill for India.
What are merchandise exports?
The goods that are exported from India are merchandise exports. This includes raw
materials produced in the country. Also, the value-added products, like an assembled
engine. And also finished goods.
Mega Infrastructure Project on Great Nicobar Islands

The Government of India is planning to develop the Nicobar Islands in terms of defense,
commerce, logistics, and industries. This is called the Mega Infrastructure Project. It is also
referred to as the Great Nicobar Plan. The plan is to be implemented in the southernmost
tip of India, that is, in the Great Nicobar Islands.
Concerns raised
Recently, a team of retired civil servants has written to the President of India raising
concerns against the project. According to them, the proposed infrastructure project will
displace the Shompen tribe. These tribes are extremely vulnerable.
What is the project about?
There are four major components in the project. They are a transshipment terminal for
containers, an airport, cities, and a solar power plant. The size of all four projects is big.
The transshipment terminal shall handle 14.2 million TEU of cargo.
The solar plant is to be built on 16,000 hectares of land.
Two new cities are to be built in coastal regions
International airport to support peak hour traffic of 4,000 passengers
About the Project
Developing authority: NITI Aayog is the developing authority of the project.
To be implemented by: ANIIDCO – Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated
Development Corporation
Project Worth: Rs 75,000 crores
Concerns against marine life
The Galathea Bay in the region is one of the important marine turtle habitats of India. In
all 400 concerns were raised by environmentalists against the project. However, the
Environmental ministry cleared the project based on the feasibility report submitted by
AECOM Private Limited. Hyderabad Vimta Labs was contracted for the EIA report.
Border Security Force (BSF) starts ‘Ops alert’ exercise
India is to celebrate its 74th republic day on January 26, 2023. Several anti–national
elements try to cause trouble in the country during such nationwide celebrations. To put
them under control and to increase security at the border, the BSF is conducting a seven-
day long exercise called the “OPS ALERT”. During the exercise, the security personnel will
hold drills in the India – Pakistan border that extends between Rann of Kutch and Sir
Creek and also in the Barmer district of Rajasthan. The border is highly vulnerable in these
regions.
About OPS ALERT exercise
The BSF will conduct reconciliation programs with the Indian residents in the border
Various verifications and validities will be held
Regions such as Harami Nala and Entire creek will be focused
Why Sir Creek?
Sir Creek is a disputed maritime boundary. The creek is a narrow waterway. It is a
marshland along the shore.
Significance of Sir Creek

India and Pakistan fought over Sir Creek in 1965. The creek is one of the largest fishing
grounds in the world. Also, there is a possible occurrence of oil and gas reserves in the
region. It is home to migratory birds and flamingos with good tourism potential.
India follows the THALWEG principle in the dispute
In the THALWEG principle, if there is a water body between two countries, then the center
of the water body should be taken as the border. Thalweg principle is an International
Maritime Law.
Prime Minister’s National Award for Children
The Prime Minister National Award for Children is also known as the Pradhan Mantri
Rashtriya Bal Puraskar. It is conferred by the President of India. In 2023, the president will
present this award to 11 children (six boys and five girls) from 11 different states and
union territories.
About the Award
The award is presented to children belonging to the age group 5 to 18 years
Categories in the award: Innovation, art and culture, sports, social service, bravery,
and scholastic
Award recipients will receive a certificate, a medal, and a cash prize of one lakh
rupees
Where is the award presented?
The president presents the award in the Durbar Hall of his residence, that is, the
Rashtrapati Bhavan. At the Durbar Hall to be precise.
Categories in the award
Bal Kalyan Puraskar: Children of age less than 18 years are awarded in this category
Bal Shakti Puraskar: Children of age between 5 years and 18 years are awarded in
this category
Previous Names
The Bal Kalyan Puraskar was earlier known by the name National Child Welfare
Awards. It was presented by the Women and Child Development Ministry.

The Bal Shakti Puraskar was earlier known as the National Child Award and it was
presented to the Non-Governmental Organizations working for child welfare.
Role of Prime Minister
Though the award is named after the Prime Minister of the country, he has no special role
here. However, the prime minister meets the recipients on the day.
INS Vagir Commissioned into Navy
The Indian Naval Ship Vagir is a Kalvari-class submarine. It was manufactured by the MDL
of Mumbai. The diesel-electric attack submarine was recently commissioned into the
Indian Navy. The Indian Navy placed an order for the submarine in 2005. The submarine is
named after a Vela Class submarine (diesel driven). The Vela class Vagir submarine
operated between 1973 and 2001. Vagir is a sandfish. The INS Vagir diesel-electric
submarine was completely made in India and is seen as a step in making India self-reliant
in the defense sector. It will also help the Indian Government achieve its defense exports
target of Rs 25,000 crores by 2025. The INS Vagir is the fifth Scorpene class submarine.
Scorpene Class submarine
Is INS Vagir a Kalvari class or Scorpene class? Kalvari is the Indian name for Scorpene.
Scorpene submarines were first developed by the French Naval Group. There are three
different types of scorpene class submarines namely diesel-electric submarines, coastal
submarines, and air-independent propulsion submarines. The air-independent scorpene
class submarines JOIN
are the@thehindu444
most advanced of all
ortheThenewsmaster
three. In this type, the engine uses
ethanol and oxygen as fuel. These submarines are highly expensive as they can stay
underwater for more than 21 days.
INS Vagir – Fifth Scorpene-Class
India launched Project 75 to construct six scorpene class submarines. Four have already
been commissioned. They are as follows:
INS Kalvari
INS Khanderi
INS Karanj
INS Vela
The INS Vagir was just delivered and INS Vagsheer is to be delivered soon.
Future Plans
All six submarines will be fitted with the Air Independent Propulsion system when the
submarines come for an upgrade in 2025.
Parakram Diwas – Netaji Jayanti
Every year India celebrates the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose on
January 23. Netaji founded the Azad Hind movement and led Azad Hind Fouj (Indian
National Army). Netaji was born in Odisha and studied in Bengal, yet his presence was in
several other states as well. States such as Tripura, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and
Assam adhere to an official holiday. There were several issues around celebrating
Parakram Diwas. The Forward Block demanded to celebrate his birth anniversary as
“Deshprem Divas”, meaning Day of Patriotism. The West Bengal Chief Minister wanted to
declare it a national holiday and celebrate the day as the Desh Nayak Divas, meaning the
Day of National Hero. However, the Government of India, in 2021 decided to celebrate the
day as Parakram Diwas.
Important Facts about Netaji
Netaji introduced “Desh Bandhu”, meaning Nationalist politics
During Non – cooperation movement, Gandhiji put Netaji in the forefront of Bengal
The newspaper started by Netaji: Swaraj
Netaji served as the president of the Indian National Congress in 1938. During his
term, he wanted the INC to work on two objectives:
To win freedom
To set up the socialistic region
He proposed violence
Netaji framed an industrialization policy and wanted to make India self–sufficient

under it
What is Forward Block?
Netaji resigned as a President of INC and started the Forward Block in 1939. This left–wing
political party was started in Bengal.
Republic Day Tableau to reflect Nari Shakti
India is to celebrate its 74th republic day this year. On this day, the Constitution Head, the
President of India,JOIN
Smt Draupadi Murmu will or
@thehindu444 hoistThenewsmaster
the National Flag at Raj Path. During
the event, different models and scenes from history are depicted. On this republic day, the
tableau will reflect Nari Shakti, meaning women’s power. Seventeen states and union
territories are to participate in the tableau. They will depict the scenes from Ramanyana
and Mahabharata. This is the first republic day celebration after the Rajpath was renamed
the Kartavya Path.
How are the Tableaus selected?
The Defence Ministry set up a group and is solely responsible for the tableaus. The group
comprises of eminent persons from music, painting, art, architecture, etc. The committee
scrutinizes the tableaus based on different factors like theme, colors, simplicity, etc. A
common man should understand the expressions of the tableau easily. The participants
then create a 3D model for final approval.
Issues
The West Bengal Tableau was rejected. Bengal CM has written to Prime Minister Modi
demanding the reasons for the rejection
Requirements
The Defence Ministry provides a trailer and tractor. Rest expenses are borne by the state
building the tableau.
Conditions
No two states should have similar tableaus as the aim is to promote “Unity in
Diversity”
The tractor and trailer used should be covered in theme. The vehicle should have
taken a transformation
Only eco-friendly products shall be used
Different states in the Tableau
UP: The state won the first prize in the past two years. This year the theme of its
Tableau is Ayodhya Deepotsav
Tripura: Participation of women in sustainable living
Israeli Astro Physics Mission: ULTRASAT
NASA and Israel will soon sign an agreement on a space mission. Under the agreement,
the United States will help Israel in its upcoming Astrophysics Mission called ULTRASAT.
The mission is currently being developed by Israel Space Agency and Germany. ULTRASAT
will operate in Geo Stationary orbit. It is to carry a UV telescope. The main objective of
ULTRASAT is to look for UV signatures in space. Precisely it will look for UV emissions from
mergers (collision of neutron stars) and supernova explosions.

About ULTRASAT
The weight of the satellite is 1,100 kg
To be launched in2026
Operational time: three years
Purpose: To look for gravitational waves
Total Cost: 110 million USD
Why is the US entering the project?
The objectives of ULTRASAT match with the Astro 2020 survey of NASA. Under this, the US
is looking for gravitational wave emissions from stellar and galactic clouds. UV is also a
gravitational wave. The Astro 2020 is a decadal survey. It will track the course of
Astronomy in the US and the world in 10 years. The mission will identify earth-like planets
and is often called the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope. It has a Large UV – IR
surveyor. It also looks for habitable zones in the outer space.
JUICE Space Mission of Europe
The European Union is to launch the JUICE Spacecraft in April 2023. The spacecraft is to
explore the moons of Jupiter. Specifically, the mission is to study the three major moons of
Jupiter namely Ganymede, Europe, and Callisto. Out of the 80 moons of the planet, these
three were selected for their large oceans. The satellite is to be launched from French
Guiana. Ariane 5 will carry the satellite. JUICE is the first satellite from the earth to enter
the orbit of Ganymede.
About JUICE
JUICE stands for Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. The satellite was developed by Germany
and tested by France.
The main objective of the mission is to study the microbial life on the icy moons of
the planet
It will also study the polar regions and the magnetosphere of the planet
JUICE will enter the orbit of Ganymede to study its composition
If launched in April 2023, the satellite is expected to enter Jupiter orbit by 2034
It will be deorbited in 2035
Cost of the mission: 1.5 billion Euros
Europa Clipper Mission: NASA Mission of Jupiter
NASA is to launch this mission in 2024. And the satellite will enter the giant planet orbit by
2030.
Significance
Scientists are curious to study Jupiter as the planet has one of the largest moon systems in
the universe.
Power Outage in Pakistan
More than 220 million Pakistanis were affected because of a huge power outage in the
country. The country usually faces fuel shortages during winter. This mishap occurred as
the National Grid went down for unknown reasons. The frequency of the power
transmission system plunged down causing havoc. Pakistan uses 50 HZ alternating

current just like India.
Reasons for the power crisis in Pakistan
Unreasonable and heavy reliance on foreign countries for fuel oil and using oil for
power generation
Availability of hydropower is reducing due to climate changes, reduced rainfall
Indigenous resources are depleting at a faster rate. No actions are taken for
alternate fuels like solar
JOIN or wind
Electricity in Pakistan
In 2022, the Economic Survey of Pakistan said that the installed electric power generation
of the country is 41 GW. Total demand from industries alone is 31 GW. Power distribution
stalled during transmission is 22 GW!
Steps Taken
The Prime Minister of Pakistan Shehbaz Sherif is trying to reduce the power consumption
in the country. He aims to achieve a 30% reduction. For this, his government is planning to
close the markets by 8:30 PM and the restaurants by 10 PM. However, these steps are not
helping to solve the power shortage issues in the country.
What is Immune Imprinting?
Immune imprinting is a phenomenon occurring in the human body. Scientists recently
found that this phenomenon may make the COVID boosters less effective. Bivalent, Mono
Valent, boosters, and variant-specific boosters are to go powerless due to the immune
imprinting phenomenon. Immune imprinting is the human body replicating its immune
system. During immune imprinting, rather than producing new and more powerful
antibodies (cells that fight viruses), the immune system creates “cross-reactive”
antibodies. These cross-reactive antibodies are not effective.
What is the issue around Immune Imprinting?
Scientists say that immune imprinting is to become a hinder to the performance of
Booster doses of COVID. Today the world is taking measures to control the variants of
COVID as we have become immune to the virus. Also, we are taking boosters to empower
our immune system once in four to six months. Study says that these boosters will lose
their importance because of the phenomenon called immune imprinting.
Why are the boosters ineffective?
When we take a vaccine for the first time, our body produces strong antibodies. Let us
name them X. Now say a variant GGG has entered. Now our immune system should create
a new and stronger antibody to kill the variant. But due to immune imprinting, this does
not happen. The human body uses the memory cells of X to form new antibodies rather
than creating new antibodies. These antibodies formed from X, that is, from the memory
are called cross-reactive antibodies. What is the issue here? Take two people. Person 1
was infected with normal COVID and Person 2 was infected with the GGG variant. Person 1
has taken his vaccine doses but person 2 has not. To counter GGG we give vaccine doses
to both persons. Booster doses are provided to person 1 and the normal doses to person
2. Because this is the first time for person 2. Net result: Immunity built-in Person 2 is high.
Because person 1 uses memory cells to counter GGG. Whereas person 2 will build new
antibodies against GGG.
Business 20 (B20) Inception Meeting
The B20 Inception Meeting was held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat on the sidelines of G20. The
meeting was attended by G20 Sherpa, business delegates, CEO, railway minister Ashwini
Vaishnaw, commerce and industry minister Piyush Goyal, etc. The meeting was headed by
Mr Chandrasekaran,
JOINHead of TATA sons. During
@thehindu444 or the meeting, the bigshots formed two
Thenewsmaster
action groups and seven task forces. These groups will work and discuss on digital
transformation, climate change, financial inclusion, and sustainability. For the first time,
Africa will receive a special task force.
Who is G20 Sherpa?
Amitabh Kant. Sherpa is the representative at an international summit. Prior to G7 and
G20 summits, multiple Sherpa meets are held.
What are the functions of Sherpa?
The Sherpas meet prior to the summit and prepare agendas. They report about the
negotiations being made among countries and other happenings to their country head.
What does the word Sherpa Mean?
Sherpa is a Nepalese word. Sherpas are an ethnic group in Nepal. They serve as porters in
the Himalayan regions. The representatives will clear the way for the countries to
participate in the meet just like the Sherpas showing the way to the people traveling
across the Himalayas.
How did a Nepalese word enter the western world?
It was the European Union that used the word in 2005 in its official document. The chief
negotiator of countries attending the Inter-Governmental Conferences was named the
Sherpas.
January 24, 2023
National Girl Child Day: January 24

Every year India celebrates National Girl Child Day on January 24. The main objective of
the celebrations is to create awareness about education for girls and provide them with
good health and nutrition. Also, the day aims to eliminate gender biases in the country.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development leads the celebration activities. India is
celebrating the day since 2008. The government of India launched several initiatives to
raise the status of girl children in the country such as Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, and Beti
Bachao Beti Padao. The National Girl Child Day celebration focuses on raising awareness
about such schemes as well.
The theme of National Girl Child Day
The Government of India has not announced any themes for this year’s celebrations.
However, earlier the Government had planned to celebrate the day on “Digital
Generation, Our Generation, Our Time is Now, Our rights and Our Future”
International Girl Child Day

It is celebrated on October 11 by the United Nations and several other international
organizations. The first International Girl Child Day was celebrated in 2012.
Child Marriage in India
This is one of the major concerns and hindrances in uplifting girl status in the country.
Indian law says that the marriage age for girls is 21. However, many girls in rural India are
forced into marriages before 21. This affects their education and future. Jharkhand has the
highest girl-child marriages in the country.
Ministry of Ayush signs MoU to promote medical travel value
Ayush ministry and ITDC signed an agreement to promote medical value travel. ITDC is
India Tourism Development Corporation. The entities plan to increase the value of
Ayurveda. The government of India has been pushing traditional medicines for more than
a decade. However, citizens started to look at their benefits only after COVID. The
Pandemic increased the importance of traditional medicines. By the MoU, the entities will
train ITDC officials on the value of Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. Along with
this, the officials will also learn about the historic importance of the heritage sites in the
country. With this, the Government plans to promote tourism along with Indian
medicines. People coming for treatment in India will get an opportunity to learn about its
cultural significance as well. Our ancestors followed the practice of “Food is Medicine”,
meaning their diet was chosen carefully to lead a healthy life. Ingredients used in
traditional medicines were staple foods of our ancestors. For this reason, their life
expectancy was higher. Indian Government is now trying to adapt to those older lifestyles.
Significance
It is expected that traditional medicines like Ayurveda, Unani, Yoga, and Sidha are
expected to raise a revenue of 70 billion USD by 2025. MoU will aid India in reaching its
potential in the field.
Medical Travel Value
The MVT has been increasing in the country recently. Kerala is the most popular and
leading state for MVT in the country. While attending the Health Working Group Meet of
G20 at Trivandrum, Kerala stressed on promoting MVT and suggested several plans to
achieve this.
Democracy Summit: ECI hosts conference
Rajiv Kumar, the Chief Election Commissioner of India recently inaugurated an
international conference. The conference was held under the theme “Use of Technology
and Elections Integrity”. More than 16 countries participated in the conference. ECI has
planned to conduct three conferences prior to the Democracy Summit which is to be held
in March 2023. This is the second conference in the series. The first conference was held
on the theme “Role, Framework and Capacity of Election Management Bodies”. Only 11
countries participated in the first conference. All the conferences were held in Delhi.
The focus of the conference
The attendees discussed the “Fake Narratives” during the conference. The fake narrative
is making people believe what is not true. Voters perceive and make false beliefs based on
untrue facts and propaganda. This misleads them and they end up choosing the wrong
candidate. Fake narratives have increased mainly because of social media and Artificial
Intelligence. In the digital world, it is easy to create fake news.
Summit for Democracy
The Summit for Democracy is hosted by the USA. It was proposed by President Joe Biden.
The first summit was held in December 2021. The summit aims to build the capacity of
Election Management
JOINBodies from all over the world
@thehindu444 and increase their potential.
or Thenewsmaster
Smart City Conference held at Panaji
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs recently conducted a two-day Smart city CEO
conference at Panaji, Goa. The conference was co-hosted by a private firm Imagine Panaji
Smart City Development Limited (IPSCDL). CEOs and Municipal commissioners of more
than 100 smart cities participated in the conference. The main objective of the conference
was an idea exchange. In this context, the CEOs of different smart cities presented their
business plans for developing their cities and making them smart. Many of the attendees
agreed on the fact that today smart city ideas such as electric buses, transport
technologies, water management techniques, rain harvesting, and integrated command
and control centers have huge revenue generation capabilities. The ministry will announce
the ICCC Awards during the closing ceremony of the conference.
Why Panaji?
The IPSCDL is the nodal agency implementing the Smart City program in Goa. And is one
of the most successful implementations in the country. 47 projects were undertaken at Rs
950 crores. Of these, 32 are under implementation. 7 have reached 90% completion, and
12 have reached 50% completion. According to Smart Cities’ mission, this is rapid.
Smart City Mission
It was launched by PM Modi in 2015. It aims to rejuvenate urban areas in the country. The
mission will benefit more than 40% of the Indian population. As of Jan 19, 2023, GOI has
spent Rs 181,268 crores on the mission.
SCO Film Festival in Mumbai

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is to host a film festival in Mumbai. National Film
Development Corporation is the Indian representative in organizing the festival along with
SCO. Indian cinema is gaining international applause and attraction as Bollywood is
producing diverse films in different genres. Cinema is always a cultural agent binding
people of different cultures. The Indian entertainment industry is one of the largest in the
world. The total revenue of the industry is more than 90 billion rupees today. India
produces more than 2000 films per year and is the largest film producer in the world
followed by the USA in second position and China in third place.
Significance
The festival will build cultural bonding among the SCO countries. Being a Eurasian
organization, it is diverse in culture. Though the origin of the organization purposed
defense and military, today the working of the organization has shifted largely towards
economic and business benefits.

SCO
It was formed in 1996 by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Other
members joined SCO at later stages. Today, the members of SCO are India, Uzbekistan,
and Pakistan apart from the above five. Discussions at SCO are primarily focused on
security matters. RATS is an anti-terrorism squad of SCO. RATS means Regional Anti-
Terrorist Structure.
SEBI launches
JOIN Information Database
@thehindu444 on municipal bonds
or Thenewsmaster
SEBI is the Security and Exchange Board of India. It is a regulatory body that was
established under the SEBI Act of 1992. To develop the bond markets, SEBI recently
introduced a database and a repository for municipal bonds. Today the municipalities in
India are focusing to increase revenue-generating assets and green projects. The SEBI-
launched repository and database will aid the municipalities to achieve their objectives.
Also, it will aid the municipalities in addressing their major concerns such as lack of
investors, absence of regulatory frameworks, and slow-growing markets.
What are Municipal Bonds?
It is a debt security. In general, it shall be issued by the central government, state
government, municipalities, etc. But in India, the local government issues these bonds.
These bonds aid the entities to finance their development projects such as building
schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure. There are two types of Municipal bonds. They
are General Obligation bonds and Investor assistance bonds.
General Obligation Bonds
They are not backed by the revenue generated by a project. For instance, there are some
government bonds that are backed by property taxes. Meaning, if the owner of a property
is paying tax for his asset, the value of his bond increases.
Revenue Municipal Bonds
These bonds secure the interest earned from fuel, sales, and other taxes. Meaning is
backed by the revenue generated by the assets.
Jammu and Kashmir launches New Food Processing Project

The Jammu and Kashmir government recently launched a food processing project of Rs
879.75 crores. The main objective of the project is to revolutionize the food processing
sector. What will the project do? It will increase farmer income, reduce losses incurred
during harvest, improve the quality of food products, and ultimately make the food
products competitive in the world market. In the next five years, the project will build
storage infrastructures, food packaging infrastructures, and food processing
infrastructures in the region. Also, the project will increase market infrastructure,
branding, and transportation & Logistics facilities.
What is the Project Plan?
The project will increase the competitiveness of 7 products.
Develop the food processing sector in 17 districts
Generate 7,030 jobs
Establish 34 enterprises and they will generate an income of Rs 1,436 crores

Seven Products
The following seven products will be focused and their competitiveness will be increased
Milk in Pulwama and Jammu
Walnuts in Kishtwar and Kupwara
Basmati in RS Pura
Organic mushrooms and vegetables in districts of Doda, Samba, Budgam
Meat and Poultry
JOIN in Kathua and Srinagar
Trout in Ganderbal and Ananthnag
Cherry in Baramulla and Ganderbal
Background
The project was recommended by the Level Apex Committee of the J&K Union Territory.
The committee was formed under Dr. Angamuthu to frame a suitable Agricultural Policy
for the region. The policy shall aim to increase the agricultural exports of the UT from 190
crores to 3000 crores.
Need for the project
Farmers in the region are facing 15% to 20% harvest losses and 20% of wastage especially
in fruits. And the reason for these losses is the lack of processing facilities and packaging
facilities. And the project is to cover these lackings.
Uttar Pradesh celebrates Foundation Day
The Uttar Pradesh state was formed on January 24, 1950. Under the order called United
Provinces (Alteration of Name) Order 1950, the provinces in the region were grouped
together to form the state of Uttar Pradesh. As India hadn’t become a republic then, the
order was passed by the Governor General of India. India became independent in 1947.
However, the country took two years to frame its constitution and become a republic. So
between 1947 and 1950, India still followed British Principles. And therefore, there was a
governor-general. Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari acted as the Governor General during
this period. For this reason, UP was made a state under his order.
History
In 1937, the British Government create a United Province regime in the region. This region
was renamed UP in 1950 and several other provinces joined to it. In 2000, a part of UP in
the north was made a separate state called Uttarakhand. It was the 27th state of India.
Significance of the state in Indian History
Indian Rebellion of 1857 happened here in UP. Several freedom fighters such as Chandra
Shekar Azad, Motilal Nehru, and Mangal Pandey were from UP. Prime Minister Modi’s
constituency Varanasi is in UP. Amethi constituency is also in UP.
Assam Initiative against Child Marriage
The Chief Minister of Assam Himanta Biswa recently held a cabinet meeting. During the
meeting, State Government decided to launch a massive drive against child marriages in
the state. The Gram Panchayat Secretary was appointed as the Child Marriage Prevention
Officer. The drive will encourage the public to lodge complaints at the nearby police
stations. Child marriage is illegal under the POSCO and Prevention of Child Marriage Act.
However, the general public in Assam is hesitant to lodge complaints against child
marriages due to fear. The initiative will aid in removing this hurdle. Along with child
marriage, the drive will also focus on reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant
Mortality Rates in Assam. A similar initiative was launched by the Karnataka state
government earlier. Assam Government is launching this initiative by taking inspiration
from the Karnataka Government. Karnataka is still running this initiative.
Need for the initiativeJOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
The national average of underage pregnant mothers is 6.8%. In Assam, it is 11.7%.
Underage pregnant mothers mean girls who are under the age of 21 years and are
pregnant.
What is the plan?
The marriage age of girls in India is 21. The cases of child marriage are alarmingly high in
the state. So the state government is to first target men marrying girls of age 14 years and
less.
Rajasthan to rent out drones to farmers
The Rajasthan Government is to provide drones to the farmers in the state to spray
fertilizers and insecticides. The drones are to be provided to low-income group farmers
and on rent. Around 1500 drones will be made available to the farmers to achieve this
plan. The State Government is launching this initiative to save water. Most of Rajasthan is
desert and using drones will save 80% of water.
What is the plan?
Drones will be used to spray insecticides and fertilizers
They will determine the nutrient deficiencies in crops
They will monitor the health of the crops, and irrigation requirements.
Drones will also help the farmers in controlling locusts by spraying chemicals
They will perform pest analysis
Need for the plan
Usually, Rajasthan farmers use tractors and other conventional sprayers to apply
fertilizers and insecticides to their crops. In these methods, the chemicals are mixed with
water and then sprayed manually. During the process, lots of water is wasted. The drone
sprayers use very less water. Also, the consumption of fertilizers and pesticides decreases
with drones.
What is a Low Income Group in India?
Households with annual income between 3 lakh rupees and 6 lakh rupees are Low-Income
Groups.
International Craft Summit
Jaipur District Administration is hosting a three-day international summit on crafts. The
main objective of the summit is to promote Odisha crafts in Rajasthan! Four United
Nations Agencies and five UNESCO agencies are helping the administration in organizing
the summit. The Odisha Chief Minister Shri Naveen Patnaik inaugurated the summit via
video conferencing. Arts and crafts enthusiasts and craftsmen attended the summit.
Jaipur was chosen, as the city is famous for its historical places.
Odisha initiatives to improve crafts
Odisha is supporting its craftsmen by promoting them at tourist spots. The state is
organizing heritage walks and opening art galleries. Also, it is joining its craftsmen in
technical textile industries and apparel industries to boost their income.
Why Jaipur?
Jaipur has good potential to become a tourist hub. The Rajasthan Government recently
launched “Invest Rajasthan”, a tourism conclave, and several other measures to boost its
revenue from the tourism sector. Also, the Rajasthan Government recently started
restoring its hotels and palaces to their former glory. Due to a lack of funds, many palaces
in the state were converted to hotels earlier. With these initiatives, many investors are
turning towards the state and putting their money into its tourism sector. For this reason,
Odisha chose the state capital Jaipur to launch its International Craft Summit. The summit
will also have craftsmen from different parts of the world primarily focusing on crafts of
Odisha.
Tri Services Amphibious Exercise, AMPHEX 2023
All three defense forces of India, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force participated in
AMPHEX recently. AMPHEX is a tri-service exercise and was held in Kakinada, Andhra
Pradesh. Also, it is an amphibious exercise, meaning both land and sea forces will act
together simultaneously. The 2023 AMPHEX is the largest of all the AMPHEX exercises held
so far. The government of India is increasing its defense power and is keen on exhibiting
its strength to the world. This way it can pass indirect messages to troublemakers. Also,
through the exercise, the GoI strives to earn the trust of its citizens. The public shall feel
safe and secure when they learn about the capabilities of their defense forces. PRALAY To
be held along the Line of Actual Control is just similar AMPHEX and will keep Chinese
infiltrations under control. The government is planning to hold PRALAY on a massive scale.
About AMPHEX 2023
Several Amphibious ships participated in the exercise. INS Jalashwa. INS Airavat, INS
Shardul, and INS Gharial are some of the amphibious ships of the Indian Navy.
Amphibious ships do not mean they can run on land and water. Amphibious ships
are those ships that aid the land forces during an operation
More than 900 troops participated in the exercise. This included artillery forces,
special forces, and armored vehicles
National Voters Day: January 25
th
India is to celebrate its 13 National Voters Day on January 25. The first NVD was
celebrated in 2011. The Election Commission of India will host the celebrations. ECI has
released a logo marking the theme of the celebrations. On NVD, the President of India is
to present the National Awards in the category of Electoral Practices.
The theme of National Voters Day, 2023
Nothing Like Voting. I Vote for Sure

The theme conveys the aspirations of the citizens to vote in the elections conducted in the
country. ECI has designed a logo marking the theme. The logo has Ashok Chakra, a tick
mark, and the wordings of the theme.
How does India celebrate NVD?
The main objective of celebrating NVD is to create awareness of voting among the
citizens. On NVD, ECI presents EPICs to the new voters. EPIC is Elector Photo Identity Card.
National Awards
President will present this award to different categories. They are state level, central level,
district level, etc. The officers are to be awarded for their performances in different
spheres such as Security Management, IT initiatives, accessible election, etc.
ECI Publication to be released
President will present the first copy of “Electing the First President” to the ECI
Commissioner Mr. Rajiv Kumar. The book was written by ECI. It speaks about presidential
elections in the country. Also, it speaks about the nuances in conducting Presidential
elections in the past 16 years.
Song of ECI
The ECI will screen the song “MAIN HOON BHARAT” on NVD, 2023. It was composed in
association with Subhash Ghai Foundation. Song speaks about the power of voting.
Low Carbon Cruise on Mahabahu Brahmaputra
The Government of India is to conduct the India Energy Week, 2023 in February. The event
is to be held in Bengaluru, Karnataka. On the sidelines of the celebrations, a methanol-
blended diesel-powered ship was launched. The methanol to be used to power the ship
engine is to come from the Mahabahu Brahmaputra project being implemented in Assam.
About the Low Carbon Cruise
It was launched by the petroleum minister Shri Hardeep S Puri. The Minister currently
holds the portfolio of Housing and Urban Affairs as well. The name of the methanol-
blended diesel-powered engine was MD15. It is called MD 15 because the fuel of the ship
contains 15% methanol. It is to run on an Inland Water Vessel called “SB Gangadhar”. A
test run was conducted and was a success.
Methanol used in the project
It comes from ash coal and agricultural residues. The fuel is less expensive than other
marine fuels. It can be easily stored on shore sides.
Why is GoI focusing on Methanol?
The cost involved in converting the current inland ships to run on methanol is very less.
Also, with this, the country can reduce its crude oil imports by 15%. GHG emissions will
reduce by 20%.
Mahabahu Brahmaputra Project
The project was launched by PM Modi in 2021. Under the project, Assam is now producing
100 TPD of methanol.
Benefits
The Low Carbon Cruise will aid in achieving the objective of the METHANOL ECONOMY
PROGRAMME. It was launched to reduce the energy bills of the country and to convert
coal reserves into methanol.
January 25, 2023
Aero – India 2023
The Defence Ministry has been organizing the Aero – India Show since 1996. Other
organizations such as DRDO, the Indian Air Force, Civil Aviation, and the Department of
Space join the ministry
JOINto@thehindu444
organize the show. The
or show is one of the largest air shows in
Thenewsmaster
Asia. Service providers of Indian aerospace and other manufacturers exhibit their
products. Buyers from different countries participate in the show. It is to be held at the
Yelahanka Air Force Base near Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Theme
The Runway to a Billion Opportunities
About Aero India 2023
In 2023, big shots of the aviation sector will participate. This includes Boeing or the USA,
Airbus of Europe, and other missile manufacturers from Europe.
The show is a biennial event. Means, it is held once in two years.
Significance
India aims to boost its defense exports using the show as an opportunity. The show will
help the country expand its defense manufacturing units.
History
The first edition of the show was held in 1996.
Second edition was in 1998 at the Yelahanka Air Force Base.
The third edition was held in 2001 at the Yelahanka Air Force Base.
Fourth edition: 2003: Yelahanka Base
Fifth edition: 2005: Yelahanka base
Sixth: 2007: Yelahanka
Seventh: 2009: Yelahanka
Eighth: 2011: Yelahanka

Ninth: 2013: Yelhanka
Tenth: 2015: Yelahanka
Eleventh: 2017: Yelahanka
Twelfth: 2019: Yelahanka
13th: 2021: Yelahanka
DRACO: Nuclear Fission powered Spacecraft of NASA
DARPA of the USA is working on nuclear fission-powered spacecraft along with NASA
called the DRACO. DARPA is Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency. And DARPA is
the research and development wing of the US military. Just like the DRDO of India. DARPA
is to launch the DRACO Spacecraft. DRACO stands for Demonstration Rocket for Agile
Cislunar Operations. DRACO is to run on nuclear fission reaction. This is considered a big
leap in the space industry as no nuclear rockets have been launched till 2021. The USA
began testing the technology in 1955. Due to a lack of funds, the project was stalled.
Nuclear Thermal Rocket
The rocket that uses a nuclear fission reactor to fly is called a nuclear thermal rocket. No
country on earth has succeeded in this technology. China, Russia, and USA are space
racing on the technology. India has not yet started working on the technology.
Significance
The nuclear thermal rocket is faster than the conventional rockets being used today. With
the world expanding
JOINits space exploration, the
@thehindu444 orneed has come for faster space travel.
Thenewsmaster
Rockets take more time traveling to another planet. For instance, the JUICE spacecraft of
Europe to be launched in 2023 will reach Jupiter in 2034. Almost, 11 years. More time is
wasted on traveling. Nuclear fission-powered rockets will help scientists reduce traveling
time greatly.
Uganda’s First Oil Drilling Program
Uganda has one of the largest oil reserves in the Saharan desert according to the
International Monetary Fund. Oil was discovered in Uganda twenty years back. But the
production was delayed due to a lack of funds and infrastructure. With the assistance of
China, Uganda is now launching its first oil field in Lake Albert. Extraction is to be done in
four phases and the first phase has been launched.
About the Program
The China National Offshore Oil Corporation is to launch the drilling in the lake along with
the Uganda National Oil Company. China is investing 10 billion USD in the project. Along
with the project, Uganda is also launching a controversial pipeline. The pipeline will
connect the oil fields in Lake Albert to the Tanzanian coast for easy transport.
What is the plan?
Under the program, Uganda is planning to produce 230,000 barrels of oil per day.
Oil Resources of Uganda
Uganda has 6.5 billion barrels of oil. Of this 1.4 billion is recoverable.
Issues
The drilling project is being launched in Lake Albert, the lake that separates Uganda from
Congo. According to environmentalists, the lake supports millions of flora and fauna.
There are more than 55 different fish species in the lake. Fishermen in the region depend
on the lake for their living. Also, the tribes in the region will be affected due to the project.
In all more than thousands of people will be affected. The lake belongs to the river system
of the Nile, the longest river in the world. The Lake ecosystem is fragile and drilling
projects may affect the lake ecosystem.
China-US Stand Off
So far the USA was the major exploiter of the oil resources of Uganda. Apart from the USA,
France also benefited from the oil resources of the country. However, USA’s share was
50% while France’s share was just 10%. Kenya too has a minimal role here. Now, China is
entering Uganda with huge plans to counter the US on Uganda’s soil.
First India Stack Developer Conference

After the COVID pandemic, India emerged as one of the pioneers in digital technologies.
To develop them further, the Ministry of Electronics and IT recently conducted the India
Stack Developer Conference. This is the first time India is hosting such a conference. It
was held in New Delhi. The main objective of the conference was to increase the adoption
of Indian digital goods within the country and also at the global level.
What is India Stack?
India stack is a moniker, meaning a nameor
JOIN @thehindu444 given to the API of the product. API is
Thenewsmaster
Application Programming Interface. When you make a money transfer online by logging
into your bank account, you are using an API. The Government of India has launched
several such Stacks. Some of them are UPI, Digi Locker, GSTN, Co-Win, Arogya Sethu,
UMANG, m-Parivahan, and many more.
Significance
The conference will help Indian Digital Goods gain an international reputation. The
conference is seen as a rehearsal for India which is to attend the World Government
Summit. The summit is held in UAE. In 2023, “Stack” is the main area of focus and
discussion at the summit. More than 150 countries participate in the summit and gain the
maximum out of it. The summit is a major knowledge exchange hub between the private
sector and the governments.
10th Infrastructure Committee Meet held
The Infrastructure Committee was formed in 2009. The main objective of the committee
formation is to speed up the government’s decision on infrastructure projects. The tenth
meeting of the committee was recently chaired by the Union Minister of Road Transport
Shri Nitin Gadkari. During the meeting, the committee discussed upon issues related to
pending environmental clearances, land approvals, fund releases, etc.
Significance
Environmental clearances stall infrastructural projects. This is because every infrastructure
project to be implemented in an environmentally fragile zone has to submit an
Environmental Impact Assessment. Will the project implementation affect the ecosystem?
Will it damage the trees in the region? Will it destruct the habitation? Will the project
affect the flora and fauna? If yes, then an alternate has to be arranged. Say dam
construction. Constructing a dam will submerge thousands of hectares of land. So the
tribes in the region should be relocated. The endangered species in the region should be
relocated.
Apart from environmental concerns, land allocation is also an issue. Finding the right land
to implement the project is always a hindrance. India is the seventh biggest country in the
world in terms of land area and is also heavily populated. Therefore, there are issues
around land allocation.
PM Modi hold talks with the Egyptian President
The Egyptian President Sisi has arrived in India. He is the Chief Guest of the 2023 Republic
Day celebrations. The President met PM Modi and the leaders discussed bilateral trade
and the global interests of the countries. President Sisi will also meet the Indian business
communities. As a part of his visit to India, the countries will sign six agreements.
However, the agreements are to be signed at diplomatic levels. This is Sisi’s third visit to
India as a President. Earlier he visited India in 2015 to attend the India-Africa forum. His
second visit was in 2016 and it was a state visit, meaning during his second visit India and
Egypt held one on one discussions.
Significance
Abdel Fattah El Sisi, the Egyptian
JOIN President is toor
@thehindu444 attend the 75th republic day celebrations of
Thenewsmaster
India. His visit is of historic importance to both countries. On the sidelines of the visit, the
countries are to take their trade relations to next level. Currently, India-Egypt trade stands
at 7.26 billion USD (as of 2021-22).
What is India’s plan in inviting Sisi?
India has maritime interests in the Gulf region and Egypt. According to GoI, moving close
with Egypt and Gulf countries will help India deal with the maritime tensions in the Gulf
region. With the demolition of the Babur Mosque and the new Ram Mandir in Ayodhya
may bring Islamic hatred to India. To ease these tensions, it is essential we develop good
relations with these Gulf countries. Gulf region has an affinity towards Pakistan. This is yet
another reason for India to focus on Gulf countries and Egypt. Also, the Gulf is the oil hub.
So any hurdles with these countries will affect India’s oil trade.
SCO Meet: India invites Pakistan, China
The Shanghai Cooperation Meet is to be held in August 2023 under India’s chairmanship.
2023 is India’s year as the country is hosting two major international meets the SCO and
the G-20. The Global South looks up to these meetings. SCO members rotate the
chairmanship amongst themselves. And in 2023, the rotating chair has come to India. As a
responsible chairperson, India has invited Pakistan and China as they are also members of
SCO along with Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Theme
SCO meet is to be held under the theme “FOR A SECURE SCO”. Here SECURE includes the
following concept:
S: Security for citizens
E: Economic Development
C: Connectivity
U: Unity
R: Respect
E: Environmental Protection
The theme of G-20, as India says is “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”, meaning “World is one
family”. On the G-20 website, the Government of India puts the theme as “One Earth –
One Family – One Future”
Challenges
India is expected to grow 60% greater than China and many times more than US and
Japan in 2023. India has attained the fifth position in foreign exchange. The country is
doing good in terms of FDI. India recently surpassed China in terms of remittances.
Though India is striding rapidly, there are strong economic challenges. However, the
domestic demand is strong and inflation still persists the biggest challenge for the
country. Apart from the Asian challenges, India is also facing challenges from the Gulf.
Inviting the Egyptian President as the chief guest of republic day celebrations is one of
India’s moves to counter the tensions from the Gulf.
Mass Mortality of Olive Ridley Turtles in Andhra
The villagers in the coastal
JOIN region of Andhraor
@thehindu444 Pradesh reported that hundreds of Olive
Thenewsmaster
Ridley turtles were washed ashore. This is the annual breeding season of Olive Ridley
turtles, that is, between February and March. During this time, the females come to the
shore to lay eggs. Unfortunately, their population is declining due to several reasons such
as fishing nets, plastics, etc.
Olive Ridley Turtles
They are also known as the Pacific Ridley Turtles. The IUCN categorizes these turtles as
“Vulnerable”. CITES put them under “APPENDIX I”. They are found in the Indian Ocean,
Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans.
The Olive Ridley Turtles in India
In India, the turtles nest in the Gahirmatha beach. The beach is one of the largest nesting
sites of the Olive Ridley Turtles in the world.
Initiatives to protect the turtles
The Government of India and the Government of Odisha have launched several initiatives
to protect the turtles. Operation Olivia was launched by the Indian Coast Guard to protect
the species. Odisha Government provided Turtle Excluder Devices to the trawls to avoid
accidental killing of the turtles. Odisha Government takes active measures to protect the
turtle as 50% of the world’s Olive Ridley turtles can be seen in the state.
Purse Seine Fishing
Purse Seine is a wide and long wall of the net. The technique of purse seine fishing is used
on the western and eastern coasts of India. In 2022, at the request of the Central
Government, Supreme Court banned purse seine fishing. Because the net used is a big
disadvantage to the endangered species in the sea. Recently, the apex court lifted the ban.
This is a big relief to coastal states like Tamil Nadu. They were insisting on removing the
ban as it affected the lives of fishermen.
About Purse Seine Fishing
It is considered the most efficient and also the most aggressive fishing method. When
implemented at the right spot, the method gives a huge catch to the fishermen. It is most
aggressive because it takes in everything in its way. The fishing boat drags the net. The
fish can enter the net but cannot move out. They get stuck.
Concerns of the states
The fishermen in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu do not use sophisticated vessels for
fishing. Ordinary motor-powered boats are used. The method of purse seine fishing
benefits them at large because they can drag their catch to the coast. They leave the fish
in the water inside the net. And drag them to the coast. So they need not carry storage or
preservation equipment to bring their catch. The cost invested is very less. Ban on the
method affected the livelihood of several fishermen.
Benefits of Purse Seine Fishing
The net used in this type of fishing has no sea contact with the sea bed. Therefore, it is
easy to target dense schools of fish such as Mackerel and Tuna.
Why did SC ban purse seine fishing?
The net captures everything around it. This includes sea turtles and other vulnerable
species. Therefore, there is a fear that the endangered species may go extinct with purse
seine fishing.
Statehood Day of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh was the 18th state formed in the Indian Union. The government of India
passed the State of Himachal Pradesh Act in 1970 to make it a state. And Himachal
Pradesh was made a state on January 25, 1971. Some are demanding to return parts of
Himachal Pradesh in the name of Greater Nepal. According to them, the British East India
Company annexed these regions. The motion is silent as there is very little support to it.
History
Himachal Pradesh was made the PART C state when India became a republic, that is, on
January 26, 1950. In 1954, Bilaspur (a Chief Commissioner Province just like HP) was
merged with HP. In 1956, HP was made a UT. Later in 1966, hilly areas of Punjab were
merged. In 1970, the State of HP Act was passed and it was made a state in 1971.
Why was Himachal Pradesh made a Part C state?
HP was made a Part C state as it was a Chief Commissioners Province. In 1950, when India
became Republic, the new constitution identified three main types of states and one class
of Union Territories as follows:
PART A States: Former Governor Provinces were brought under this category. They
were Madeas, Punjab, Orissa, UP, MP, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, and West Bengal.
PART B States: The former Princely States were brought under this category. They
were J&K, Travancore – Cochin, Saurashtra, Rajasthan, Eastern Punjab, Patiala,

Mysore, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, and Hyderabad.
PART C States: Former Chief Commissioners’ provinces were categorized as Part C
states. They were HP, Ajmer, Cutch, Bhopa, Coorg, Bilaspur, Manipur, Vindhya
Pradesh, and Tripura
PART D States: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
National Tourism Day: January 25
The Government of India is celebrating this year National Tourism Day at Pochampally of
Telangana. In 2021, the United Nations World Tourism Organization selected the village as
one of the Best Tourism Villages in the world, and therefore, the Indian Government is
launching its national-level celebrations of the day from this village. The village is famous
for its IKAT saris. They are unique and hand woven. In 2021, India earned 9 billion USD of
foreign exchange earnings from the tourism sector.
National Tourism Day

The first National Tourism Day was celebrated in 1948. In 1948, India formed its first
tourism promotion committee called the Tourist Traffic Committee. In 1958, a separate
department was created for tourism under transport. Today we have a separate minister
for the tourism sector.
World Tourism Day
The United Nations and other international organizations celebrate World Tourism Day on
September 27. UNJOIN
celebrates the day to spreador
@thehindu444 awareness of tourism. Also aims to create
Thenewsmaster
awareness about its role in social, financial, and political fields. World Agri tourism Day is
celebrated on May 15 by the UN.
Recent Development
Recently India introduced E – tourist Visa. With this, citizens from 40 countries can apply
for Visa to India online. They need not go to the Indian Embassy in their country to apply
for the visa.
What are foreign exchange earnings?
These are earnings a country earns by selling its goods and services. Or the earnings
earned by exchanging the currency. Let us understand this with an example. Assume
American wishes to come to India. He has his earnings in USD. He now has to get Indian
Rupees to spend in India. Now the dollars he gives to India for exchange are referred to as
Foreign Exchange Earnings.
Jal Jeevan Mission achieves 11 crore tap water connections
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently applauded the Jal Jeevan Mission for achieving 11
crore tap water connections. The mission was announced by the PM in 2019. The main
objective of the mission is to provide tap water connections to every household in India.
And the target is to be achieved by 2024. For this mission, GoI allocated Rs 3.5 trillion. It is
being implemented by the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Funds for the mission
The Central and State governments are sharing the funds for the project. The ratio of their
fund sharing is 50:50. In the northeastern states, it is 90:10. The North East state share
10% of the funds.
Reforms planned under the mission
Under the mission, GoI will shift its focus from “Habitations to Households”. That is,
rather than looking at the size of the land, the government will take steps based on
the size of the population
Service delivery will be the focus
50% of the members of the Village Water and Sanitation Committee will be women
Community ownership to be encouraged’
Focus on public utility
Potable drinking water will be delivered to localities with contaminated groundwater.
Technology will be used to implement the scheme and therefore there are no issues
of transparency and accountability
Nagaland Orange Festival

Nagaland is celebrating the Orange Festival for two days. Nagaland Fruit Festival is being
organized in the state to praise the hard work of orange growers. Revenue from oranges
in the state almost doubled recently. Fruit festivals are famous all over the world. The
most popular fruit festivals in the world are the Pineapple Festival of Thailand, the
Pumpkin Festival in Germany, the Mango Festival of India, the Cranberry festival in
Canada, the Marino Grape Festival of Italy, the Orange Festival of Amsterdam, etc.
International FruitJOIN
Day is celebrated on July 1. or Thenewsmaster
@thehindu444
Nagaland Fruit Festival
The festival is to be celebrated in Rusoma village near Kohima. The 2023 Nagaland Fruit
festival is the third edition. The Nagaland Fruit festival was organized by the Rusoma
Village council. Council joined hands with the horticultural department in conducting the
festival.
Why Horticulture and not agriculture?
Cultivation of fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, flowering plants, medicinal, and
aromatic plants are grouped under horticulture. It is a subset of agriculture. So you can
term orange cultivation under agriculture as well. But you cannot term paddy, wheat, and
other crop cultivation under horticulture!
Significance
Orange earns four crores to five crores of revenue for the state. Currently, there are
78,000 Orange trees in Nagaland. The festival will set a good example for the rest of the
Nagas. The Nagas in Nagaland and in other northeastern states are demanding separate
land. Looking at the efforts put by the Indian Government through these festivals and
learning about the economic development activities in the region, they will start putting
their trust in the government. The festival will also aid in India’s Look East Policy. India is
to use the North Eastern states to increase its trade in East and South East Asia under this
policy.
Other Fruit Festivals in India
The Banana Festival: Kerala
Pineapple Festival: Manipur
Mango Festival: Delhi and different parts of India
Jack Fruit Festival: Kerala
International Orange Festival: Nagpur
Konkan Fruit Festival: Goa
Strawberries Fruit Festival: Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra
FAO: India elected the Vice Chair
The Inter-Governmental Technical Working Group reviews the technical issues at the Food
and Agriculture Organization and also advises the organizations on key decisions. India
will hold the position of Vice Chairperson at the 12th session of the group. The ITWG is to
meet at Rome in January 2023 and discuss animal genetic resources. USA is the Chair of
the session. Along with India, other countries will also hold the Vice Chair position. They
are Spain, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tonga, and Brazil. India will also hold the position of
Rapporteur along with the Vice Chair post. Rapporteur means the reporting officer. Mr.
Bhupendra Nath Tripathi is to represent India and hold these positions.
ITWG
The group will discuss Animal Genetic Resources. The discussions will be held based on
the inputs from the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS). The DAD-IS
has national data JOIN
for all countries. It includes the
@thehindu444 or breed types, adaptations, classification,
Thenewsmaster
cost–efficient methodologies adopted, technical support received, diversity, and many
more. The ITWG will make decisions and provide recommendations after analyzing the
reports submitted based on the information from DAD-IS. The action plan suggested will
target the implementation of SDG 2.4 and SDG2.5
SDG 2.4: Sustainable Food Production
SDG 2.5: Maintain Genetic Diversity
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
January 26, 2023
Maiden Tranche of Sovereign Green Bonds
The Government of India issues bonds to support environmental projects. These bonds
that bring in resources to implement such climate-related projects are called Sovereign
Green Bonds. They are similar to government securities. The first tranche, meaning the
first part or portion of the Sovereign Green Bonds, was recently launched. The net worth
of the Green Bonds launched is Rs 8,000 crores. The Sovereign Green Bonds were
launched by the Reserve Bank of India.
Coupon Rates of the Bonds
Two different types of bonds have been launched. The Bond maturing in 2028 and the
ones maturing in 2033. The 2028 bonds coupon rate is 7.10 and the 2033 coupon rate will
be 7.29%.
What is Coupon Rate?
The yield paid by security is called the coupon rate. Let us understand this in simple terms.
The bonds are very much similar to government securities. Say John buys sovereign green
bonds. Assume he buys the 2028 maturing bond. John can now buy loans by placing these
bonds in banks. With this loan amount, John will now start an environmental project, say a
solar water heater business or a rainwater harvesting business. But what are coupon
rates? John will pay interest to the Government for using the bond as collateral. This
interest is called the coupon rate.
Revamped Monument Mitra Scheme
The scheme will bring more than a thousand monuments under the private sector. The
private sector will revamp the monuments. They will do this as a part of their Corporate
Social Responsibility. Revamping means improving a structure or changing its
appearance. The scheme is to be implemented by the Ministry of Culture. A thousand
monuments selected under the scheme are now under the maintenance of the
Archaeological Survey of India.
Objective
Under the scheme, the Ministry of Culture will sign at least 500 agreements with private
sectors before August 15, 2023. The ministry aims to accomplish half the goal before Azad
Ka Amrit completes it in 2023.
What is the plan?
The monuments will be revamped
JOIN in terms ofor
@thehindu444 amenities. The monuments will get sound
Thenewsmaster
and lighting systems. More shops will be opened. Steps to develop tourism will be
implemented.
G20
The Ministry of Culture is working hard to replenish the historical places in the country.
During the G20 summit, the ministry is to showcase a digital museum to the leaders
attending the meet. The digital museum will exhibit different historical places in the
country.
Tableau
Ministry of Culture tableau has been built on the theme “Shakti Rupen Sanshita”. That is,
worshipping goddesses. This signifies the need for women’s empowerment in the
country. A group of dancers will perform on the theme of Nari Shakti.
CERVAVAC: Cervical Cancer Vaccine
The cervix is the lowermost part of the uterus. Tumour in the cervix is generally referred
to as cervical cancer. A vaccine to cure cervical cancer was recently launched by the Serum
Institute of India. The name of the vaccine is CERVAVAC. This is the first time India is
producing a vaccine for cervical cancer. The vaccine was launched during National Girl
Child Day. India celebrates National Girl Child Day on January 24.
About CERVAVAC
Department of Biotechnology assisted SII in developing the vaccine. First, the vaccine
is to be provided to girls between the age of nine to fourteen years.
The price of the Vaccine is between Rs 200 and Rs 400 per dose
So Far: HPV Vaccine
India used the HPV vaccine so far to cure cervical vaccines. It was imported and the
vaccine is very expensive. One dose of the HPV vaccine costs Rs 3,500 to Rs 4,000. With the
low-cost indigenously developed CERVAVAC, India can reduce the intensity of the disease
to a great extent.
Need for the Vaccine
Almost, one–fourth of cancer deaths occur due to cervical cancer. Cancer among
women commonly occurs in the lungs, rectum, breast, and cervix. Of all cancer in
women, breast cancer is the most common followed by lung cancer in the second
position. Colorectal cancer is the third most popular cancer in the world. And cervical
cancer is the fourth most common.
More than 1.25 lakh women suffer from cervical cancer all over the world
More than 75,000 Indian women die due to the disease

WHO on Cervical Cancer in India
According to the International Classification of Diseases WHO, more than 65,978 Indian
women suffered from cervical cancer in 2015. The number increased to 75,209 in 2017. In
2025, it is expected to touch 85,241
Kantar India Union Budget Survey 2023
Kantar is a New Zealand company. The company conducts surveys and presents analytical
insights. The company
JOIN recently held a survey inor
@thehindu444 India about the Indian Union Budget to be
Thenewsmaster
presented in 2023. And the results of the survey are not so good. The survey says that one
in four Indians are insecure about their job! Inflation is to be the biggest hurdle for India.
While India is marching forward in defense, space, exports, food processing, and energy,
the development may not be inclusive! The High – Income Group alone contributes to the
economic development of the country at large. The Low–Income Group and the Below
Poverty Line people are still suffering.
What does the survey say?
55% of Indians want the government to focus on healthcare. Increase the fund
allocation to the health sector
55% believe that Sensex is to remain at 70,000
50% believe that the Indian economy will expand, but only at the macroeconomic
level
31% believe that the Indian economy is slowing down
Urban Indians approved the 2022 Budget
60% want an increase in tax rebate on investments
Inflation is to affect household incomes. Therefore, people want rebates on health
insurance
Many are expecting the budget will allocate more funds for electric vehicles as fuel
prices are increasing
Competition (Amendment) Bill

The Competition Act aims to promote healthy competition in India. The main intention of
the act is to avoid monopoly. Take Facebook for instance. Some economists are of the
opinion that Facebook exhibits a monopoly. Meaning, it wants to rule the world of digital
messaging. To achieve this, Facebook bought almost every competitor that entered its
way. FB achieved this through mergers or acquisitions. FB acquired Instagram and
Whatsapp, major competitors. The competition act prevents such mergers and
acquisitions. The act was legislated in 2002. In 2022, the Government of India proposed
certain changes and additions to the act. The amendment is still pending and the GoI
recently added some more changes along with those it intended to introduce in 2022.
What additions were made in 2023?
Bill to be discussed during Budget Session of 2023
Regulatory frameworks to be fine-tuned. To be brought in line with the digital world
and the changes that occurred in the past two decades

The scope of the settlement and commitment scheme is to be expanded
What changes were introduced in 2022?
Deals with values more than Rs 2000 crores should be notified to CCI
Merger approval should be done within 150 working days. This was 210 working days
before
CCI should have at least one judicial officer as its member
She Feeds the World
JOIN @thehindu444 orProgramme
Thenewsmaster
CARE is an international organization fighting against poverty. Frito-Lay, Pepsi, and Cola
companies merged together and formed Pepsico in 1965. Today Pepsico is a food and
beverage company with leading products such as Quaker, Lays, Pepsi, Cola, etc. The
philanthropic foundation of PEPSICO and CARE joined together and launched the “She
Feeds the World” program in India. The program is to empower women in the agriculture
sector. The program will mainly focus on small-scale women producers.
What are the objectives She Feeds the World Programme?
To increase crop yield
To increase the income of women belonging to BPL families
To provide access to a healthy and balanced diet
The program will strive hard to reduce gender inequality in agriculture sector
To help agricultural families in the country get a stable income
Provide training to women on sustainable agriculture
About the Programme
Initially, the program is to be implemented in Cooch Behar district and Alipurduar district
of West Bengal.
Three dimensions in the program
The program will focus on achieving goals in economic, social, and environmental fields.
Economic plans
Enhance the cultivation processes of small-scale farmers
Diversify livelihood option

Increase yield of the farmlands
Social plans
Equitable training and knowledge access
Inclusive markets
Resources made available for all
Environmental plans
Handle soil and water biodiversity
Reduce carbon footprint
Outcomes of the program
Pepsico and CARE aim to improve the status of more than 48,000 women through this
program. More than 1.5 million people from West Bengal will be benefitted.
APEDA to use River Names for Branding
The Government of India has been trying to increase its agricultural exports by exhibiting
agricultural and processed food products in foreign countries. APEDA was a pioneer in
realizing this vision. The active role of APEDA increased agricultural exports to 25.6 billion
USD in 2021-22. This is 51% of the total agricultural exports of the country. Moving ahead,
APEDA is to use the major river names to brand Indian agricultural products.
What is the plan?
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority will use the
names of rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Cauvery, Godavari, etc. to name its
agricultural products. This will increase the reach of the products.
Benefits
After COVID, people are moving towards natural and nutritious foods. Many Indians,
especially the NRIs are looking for traditional food options. When the customer is looking
for his roots, naming a product in the same context will increase the business of the
product. GoI started promoting AYUSH medicines for the same reason. Our ancestors led
a healthy life because of their food habits. Modern youngsters are searching for such
good old food habits. Therefore, naming the food products after the rivers will aid in
promotion. Also, it will increase the value of water!
India’s Estimates of Millet Procurement
The Government of India is expecting the millet production to increase to forty to fifty lakh
tonnes in the next few years. In 2023, the millet production in the country is around six to
seven lakh tonnes. According to the Union Government, the increase in millet production
is mainly because of nine states. They are MP, UP, Haryana, TN, Gujarat, Odisha,
Uttarakhand, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. These states launched separate missions to
increase their millet production. They are also distributing cereals at subsidized rates.
Why the increase?
Lately, the Government of India has been taken several efforts to increase millet
production in the country. Also, it is looking for ways to create international markets for
Indian millet. To achieve this, India insisted United Nations declare 2023 as the
International Year of Millets and the UN agreed. We are now celebrating 2023 as the
International Year of Millets. More than 72 countries support it. The following programs
were launched to boost millet production and exports in the country:
Mapping and Exchange of Good Practices: Launched by NITI Aayog and WFP in Africa
and Asia
In 2018, millets were declared as “Nutri Cereals”
Millet Mission was launched under National Food Security Mission
Why the naming?
41% of the world’s millet grows in India. India is one of the largest millet producers in the
world. There prevails a hitch in Indian millet production. Though we are one of the largest
millet producers, our exports are just 1% of our production. To increase this, GoI is trying
its best in every way. The naming of millets after the rivers is one such initiative.
India and Egypt declare Strategic Partnership
The Egyptian President Sisi is the Chief Guest of the 2023 Republic Day celebrations of
India. During his visit, he met PM Modi, and the leaders discussed on boosting the
business ties between the countries. With the trade between the countries touching 12
billion USD in the last five years, the countries have now entered into Strategic
Partnership. When two countries sign the strategic partnership agreement, they become
close. They understand the nature of threats mutually and help each other in mitigating
the threats.
What does External Affairs
JOINMinistry say about Strategicor
@thehindu444 Partnership Agreement?
Thenewsmaster
Mutual understanding and long-term confidence are what India looks for in strategic
partnership agreements. Sometimes, India restricts this agreement to some sectors alone.
For instance, India restricts political, trade, defense, science and technology, and culture in
its strategic partnership agreement with Russia.
What does the Strategic Partnership Agreement between India and Egypt say?
With Egypt, India has signed the agreement on terrorism. The countries will work
together in resolving cross-border terrorism
Also, the agreement will focus in areas such as cyber security, Information
Technology, youth, culture, and broadcasting
Why is India interested in Egypt?
India sees Egypt as a Gateway to the European and African countries. Just like it sees the
North Eastern States as a Gateway to South East Asia and East Asia. Also, Egypt plays a
major role in the politics of Africa and the Arab world.
What is White Card in Football Match?
The referees show red and yellow cards for foul play in Football. These cards have been in
the game since the inception of the FIFA World Cup, that is, 1970. However, a white card
was recently introduced. The Referee shall use the white card to recognize fair play. The
first white card was used on January 21, 2023, in a match between Sporting Lisbon and
Benfica (Football teams in Portuguese) in the city of Lisbon.
What is White Card?
The concept of the white card was started by Portugal. The country aims to increase the
ethical value in sports by introducing the white card. As the card encourages fair and just
play, players will be motivated to play ethically.
Yellow card in Football
The yellow card is a caution given to the players on the field. The referee notes the nature
of foul, time, and other details in his handbook. It is called booking. Based on his notes, he
issues a caution to the players using his yellow card.
Red Card in Football
When a Referee shows a red card, a player should leave the pitch. The referee shows a red
card when the players break the rules.
What about India?
If a white card is to be introduced in India, then the All India Football Federation should
recognize it. However, if the Indian team is playing at FIFA and FIFA agreed to a white
card, then AIFF will also agree to it.
Sweden International Information Campaign
The Sweden Government recently launched an international campaign to reduce the
number of migrants to the country. The campaign is called International Information
Campaign. The campaign will spread information about the migration policy of Sweden.
About the campaign
During the campaign, the Sweden Government will create contact points in foreign
countries. It will meet the respective foreign authorities at these contact points and will
share its migration policy here.
Why is Sweden launching the campaign?
According to the Sweden Government, in 2019, 76% of the refugees who arrived in the
Nordic countries ended up in Sweden. Sweden is planning on decreasing this number by
adopting this campaign. Nordic countries are Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, and
Sweden. Apart from these countries, it also includes an autonomous region of Aland and
the autonomous region of the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
Future Plan – To reduce Refugee Quota
This future plan is related to the United Nations’ plan for refugees. This is often referred
to as the REFUGEE QUOTA. What is Refugee Quota? The UNHCR, United Nations Refugee
Agency chooses a country for the refugees that fled their homes due to war, natural
calamities, and other unavoidable reasons. Sweden is now planning on reducing this
number from 5,000 to 900. Sweden has been welcoming refugees and resettling them
since 1950. However, the numbers have increased in the recent past.
U-WIN Platform
Several healthcare authorities are finding it difficult to keep track of the next dose of the
COVID vaccine and also facing missing vaccination cards, especially among pregnant
women and children. To solve this problem, the Universal Immunisation Programme of
India launched the U-WIN platform. The platform will register details of vaccination doses
provided to pregnant women in the country. Post-pregnancy, the platform will administer
birth doses.
About U-WIN Platform
It is a replica of Co-WIN. Co-Win has been the backbone of India in administering COVID
vaccine to the citizens. The platform allows users to register for vaccination slots. It holds
every detail about the user being vaccinated. It also has information about the next
vaccination due. GoI launched the U – WIN platform based on the huge success of the
Co–Win platform.
Features of U – WIN
To register the details of the pregnant women being vaccinated
Records the delivery outcomes. That is, holds post-delivery information such as if the
baby is safe, or is the mother safe. Or a mishap occurred and one of them died.
It will also hold information about antigen coverage. The antigen is a foreign
substance to the human body. COVID virus has antigenic components.

UN World Economic Situation and Prospects 2023 Report
Ukraine – Russia war is creating energy crises, increasing inflation, and causing debt
issues all over the world. Amidst these conditions and climate emergencies, the United
Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs launched the “World Economic
Situation and Prospects” report or simply the World Economy Report. The report says that
the economic growth of the world is slowing down. It is to reach 1.9% in 2023 from 3% in
2022. JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Increasing inflation is to affect the private-sector investments
Global Inflation is to remain at 6.5% in 2023
Banks are to increase the interest rates and therefore, the overall economic growth
of countries will be at stake
Countries will face recession as they enter 2024
The countries are to face heavy challenges in achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals
Poverty levels are to increase
People will face unemployment. Those who are already in the job will encounter job
insecurity
Losses in women’s employment
More than 350 million are to face food insecurity
Recommendations
Governments should avoid fiscal austerity. Fiscal austerity is economic measures that
contain spending cuts, and tax increases. It is used by governments to decrease the
deficits they face in fund allocation
Governments should change their public spending policy in accordance with the
changing global economy
Social protection systems should be strengthened
Temporary subsidies shall be provided

Discounts on utility bills
Report advice: Invest in digital infrastructure, climate change, and new technologies
Predictions made
India’s economic growth rate as predicted by the report is 5.8% in 2023 and 6.7% in
2024
USA: 1.9% in 2023 and 2.7% in 2024
Japan: 0.4% in 2023 and 1.6% in 2024
UK: -0.8% in 2023 and 1% in 2024
EU: 0.2% in 2023 and 1.6% in 2024
Five to Seven Countries Sign Up for adopting India Stack
India Stack is the collection of Application Peripheral Interfaces launched by the
Government of India. This includes BHIM, Digilocker, UPI, and several other applications.
According to a recent report from the IT Ministry around seven countries are to join India
Stack. Meaning they will sign agreements with the Indian Government to use these
applications. India is to announce the names of these countries at the World Government
Summit that is to be held in Dubai in February.
About India Stack
India is planning to export its digital products. Today the digital infrastructure market has
huge potential. Several APIs of the Indian Government such as BHIM, Co-WIN, and Aadhar
has been a huge success. Recently, the GOI launched
JOIN @thehindu444 the U-WIN platform based on the
or Thenewsmaster
success of the Co-WIN. BHIM is being used in Bhutan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia,
South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Cambodia, and Japan. Nepal was the first to implement
UPI.
Future Plans
The government of India is currently looking for certified Stack Developers. The plan is to
hire them just as the big giants like Microsoft and Google hire certified analysts. The Stack
developers will be integrated into the system and will help GoI in taking them to other
countries.
India Stack Developer Conference
India recently hosted a conference to increase the adoption of its digital goods on foreign
soil. The countries signing up for the stack are those that attended the conference.
January 27, 2023
Conferment of 106 Padma Awards
Padma Awards is a presented to honor people from different fields such as social work,
education, literature, public affairs, education, etc. It is one of the highest civilian awards
presented in the country. The award is presented in three categories namely Padma
Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and Padma Shri. Padma Awards are presented by the
President of India.
The following will be honored with the awards
Padma Vibhushan:
Mulayam Singh Yadav (Posthumous): Former Defence Minister of India; her served
as the CM of UP for three years, founder of the Samajwadi Party
SM Krishna (Posthumous): Served as the External Affairs Minister of India between
2009 and 2012; was part of BJP, from Karnataka
Zakir Hussain: Musician, table player
Balkrishna Doshi (Posthumous): An Architect. Played huge roles in the evolution of
architectural discourse in India
Dillip Mahalanabis (posthumous): Indian pediatrician, known for effective use of Oral
Rehydration Therapy in treating Diarrhoea
Srinivas Vardhan: From USA in the field of Science and Engineering. He is a
mathematician
Padma Bhushan:
Bhyrappa: Novelist
Kumar Mangalam Birla: Businessman
Deepak Dhar: Physicist
Vani Jayaram: Singer
Chinna Jeeyar: Religious Guru and ascetic
Suman Kalyanpur: Playback Singer
Kapil Kapoor: Former VC of JNU
Sudha Murthy: Wife of
JOIN Infosys CEO Narayana
@thehindu444 or Murthy for Social Works
Thenewsmaster
Kamlesh D Patel: In the field of Spiritualism; written several books on yoga
Ghazal Singers of Rajasthan: Mohammad Hussain and Ahmed Hussain
In all, the GoI is to present 106 Padma Awards. Raveena Tandon, the Bollywood actress
will be conferred with Padma Shri. Posthumous means the awardees are no more
Ukraine’s Odesa designated as World Heritage in Danger site
The UNESCO of the United Nations presents the tag of World Heritage in Danger. World
Heritage Sites face several problems such as development in tourism, war, natural
disasters, poaching, urbanization, and pollution. To protect the sites from catastrophic
damages, UNESCO designates them as World Heritage in Danger sites. Today, the list has
55 such sites. Recently, the ODESA of Ukraine was added to the list.
What is the plan?
Russian forces are conducting frequent air strikes in Ukraine. For this reason, the world
heritage site Odesa is in danger. Now that UNESCO has made it a World Heritage Site in
Danger, United Nations will now allocate funds to protect the site.
ODESA of Ukraine
The site is located near the Black sea and is 500 km from the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv.
Empress Catherine founded ODESA. She took away the region from the Ottoman Empire
in 1794. The name ODESA is Greek. Catherine gave religious freedom to the people in
ODESA and also offered them lands. She also gave Porto Franco, meaning a free port. No
taxes were imposed on the port. This expanded the trade in Odesa attracting several
foreign merchants.
Attractions in Odesa
The city has a giant stairway. There are 200 steps down the staircase. It was built in
1837. The staircase is the entrance point to Odesa
Vorontsovskyi Palace is a beautiful Turkish Castle in Odesa
Stressed Assets Securitisation Framework
The Non – Performing assets, written–off assets, and restructured loans are grouped
together as Stressed Assets. In simple words, there is no profitable revenue from these
assets. Liquidating stressed assets are highly challenging. To make the sale process of
these stressed assets easier and faster, the Reserve Bank of India has introduced a
Securitisation Framework.
What does the Framework say?
The bad loans are usually sold under the SARFESI Act. Now under the Stressed Asses
Securitisation Framework, RBI proposes a special entity approach to selling bad loans. A
servicing entity appointed by this Special Entity will manage the stressed assets. They will
operate under a fee structure. The fee is an incentive for their hard work. It will boost their
performance and increase recoveries.
The next aspect that the framework focuses on, is the nature of the asset. The RBI is yet to
finalize its opinion in this area. The apex bank is asking for suggestions from the
stakeholders to fix this. RBI is asking what should be the value of the asset. That is, the
value of the asset JOIN
being sold to the Special Entity
@thehindu444 orPurpose. RBI asks if the value should be
Thenewsmaster
small and pertain only to small businesses or be extended to corporates.
Tax – Paid Green Bond Issuance
The Government of India issues green bonds to develop the clean energy sector in the
country. The bonds act as security for a loan. Usually, the bonds are tax-free. Taxes are
exempted to increase the number of green projects in the country. The Power Ministry
recently proposed the tax – paid bonds.
Should I pay tax on bonds?
The investor raising his capital through bonds should file ITR – 2. It means Income Tax
Return. ITR-w includes taxes on income that comes from sources other than profession or
business. Usually, green bonds are exempted from taxes. This is done to increase projects
and businesses in green energy.
What is Power Ministry proposing?
The ministry wants to tax green bonds. Also, it wants Power Finance Corporation to act as
the nodal agency of climate financing. PFC is a public sector unit and is the backbone of
the power sector.
Background
The Government of India is looking for ways to increase investments in renewable energy.
The country is striving hard to achieve its objective of reaching 500 GW of non–fossil fuel
by 2030. Also, India believes that increasing the use of clean energy will help the country
achieve its goal of becoming a zero-carbon-emitting country by 2070.
T+1 Settlement Cycle

When an investor is buying or selling shares he uses Depository organizations. There are
two depository organizations in India. They are NSDL and CDSL. The investors shall buy or
sell their shares through these organizations. A bank acts as an intermediate between the
investor and these organizations. Say an investor sells 1000 Jio shares on January 27, 2023.
It may take one or two days for the money to be credited to his account. In the T+1
settlement cycle, this time is one day. NDSL is National Depository Securities Limited. CDSL
is Central Depository Service Limited.
About T+1 Settlement Cycle
India is the second biggest economy to move towards a T+1 settlement cycle after China.
Here, the T refers to Trading Day. What is settlement? During a settlement, the funds are
transferred to the seller’s account and securities are transferred to the buyer’s account.
Pros and Cons
Pros: Quick fund remittances, improved operational efficiency, and easy delivery of
shares
Cons: Time Zone differences, foreign exchange problems, and information flow
processes
Earlier
Till 2001, the stock markets used weekly settlements. Then T+3 was introduced. In 2003,
T+2 was introduced.
What is SEBI saying about T+1?
According to SEBI, the T+1 settlement cycle will free up capital. This will increase the
availability of funds to collateralize the risks.
Veer Gatha 2.0 Contest
The Government of India presents Gallantry Awards to honor the brave acts of the army
personnel in the Armed Forces. The awards are presented twice a year. These awards are
announced on republic day celebrations and Independence Day celebrations. Param Vir
Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Kirthi Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra are some of the
gallantry awards. The President of India presents the Gallantry awards. Under the Veer
Gatha Project, the school students are encouraged to do projects on the gallantry award
winners. This is done to inculcate patriotism among them.
Veer Gatha 2.0 Contest
Recently, Defence Minister Raj Nath Singh distributed prizes to the winners of the Veer
Gatha 2.0 contest. The minister awarded the winners with a medal, certificate, and Rs
10,000 cash prize. During the felicitation, education minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan,
and CDS Staff General Anil Chauhan were also present. Also, the Chief of Navy, Chief of
Army, and the Chief of Air Force were also present.
Background
The contest is jointly conducted by the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Education.
It is in line with National Education Policy, 2020. The project develops patriotism among
Indian students. Also, it develops an interest to join the Indian Army. Today, Veer Gatha is
gaining popularity and more students are exhibiting interest to participate in the
program.
Krishi Mahotsav – Exhibition and Training Programme
The literacy rate in rural India is around 73.5%. Most Indian farmers lag knowledge about
modern farming methods, organic farming, and effective principles of animal husbandry.
To train them in these fields, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare recently
conducted the Krishi Mahotsav. During the event, the ministry conducted exhibitions and
gave training to farmers. The event was held in Kota, Rajasthan.
About Krishi Mahotsav
More than 5,000 farmers participated in the program
The farmers were trained in the following program
Horticulture
Agriculture
Animal Husbandry
Organic Farming
A special workshop was held on Agriculture Infrastructure Fund
The training was also given on how to use drones and other technologies in
agriculture
Private companies displayed their agricultural products
Ministry had put on stalls that explained agricultural practices
Significance JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Indian farmers are still using old agricultural practices. And most of the farmers in India
are marginal farmers who cannot afford to hire laborers to work on their farms. According
to the Reserve Bank of India, farmers with a Land area of less than one hectare are
marginal farmers. And farmers with a land area between one hectare and two hectares
are small farmers. The Krishi Mahotsav will be of great help to these farmers. Learning to
use technology will help them largely.
Name of the Event: Krishi – Mahotsav: Pradarshani Evam Prashikshan; held for two days
G – 20 Startup Engagement Group
India is to host the G-20 summit to be held in 2023. To make the summit a success, several
engagement groups are being formed. The group comprises representatives from Non –
Government organizations. There are different engagement groups such as Business 20,
Labour 20, Civil 20, Parliament 20, Science 20, Think 20, Urban 20, Startup 20, and SAI 20.
As the name suggests the startup 20 Engagement group has representatives from leading
startups in the G-20 countries.
About G – 20 Start-Up Engagement Group
Recently, the Startup Engagement Group of G – 20 held its inception meeting in
Hyderabad.
Startup 20 focuses on innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration
During the meeting, the representatives made recommendations on innovation and
entrepreneurship
Apart from the G20 members, nine special invitees also attended the meet
Discussions were made on how to support startups and fill in the gaps between the
startups and corporates
The representatives also discussed inculcating innovative methodologies in startups
G-20 members are planning to set up a Global Innovation Centre to help startups
from different countries form collaborations
The objective of the Startup Engagement Group
It will aim to bridge the gaps between the startups of the G-20 members and the other
emerging economies in the world. Also, it will support government organizations willing
to work with startups and support them.
Punjab Aam Aadmi Clinics
The World Health Organization says that more than 65% of Indians are making out-of-
pocket health expenditures. This means, they are paying for their health expenditures
from their own pockets. Also, only 17% of the citizens have health insurance. To solve
these two problems, health insurance, and expenditure, the Aam Aadmi Party launched
the Mohalla Clinics in 2015 when they formed the Government in Delhi. The clinic provides
free medicines and diagnostics. The initiative has been a huge success. Now the party is
planning to open 400 such clinics in Punjab.
What is the plan?
The Mohalla Clinic also called the Aam Aadmi Clinics is to be set up in the state of Punjab.
Of the planned 400JOIN
clinics,@thehindu444
318 are to be established in rural areas of Punjab. With this, the
or Thenewsmaster
number of Mohalla clinics in Punjab is to increase to 500.
Background
The Aam Aadmi Party won the Punjab General Assembly Election in 2022. Bhagwant Mann
is the current Chief Minister of Punjab. The party is trying to bring in similar changes as
that of Delhi. With the huge success of Mohalla Clinics, the Aam Aadmi Party is launching it
in Punjab. 97% of the people taking treatment at the Mohalla Clinics in Delhi report that
the treatment is far better than other facilities in the territory.
Out-of-pocket expenses are those expenses that will not be reimbursed by the
government or by any other health insurance company.
Aditya – L1 Solar Mission
The Indian Space Research Organization is working on a space project that will study the
sun. The name of the project is Aditya L1. Recently, the ISRO chairman announced that the
spacecraft is to be launched in June or July this year. The Aditya spacecraft will study solar
magnetic storms and the impact of the solar atmosphere on the earth.
About Aditya L1
The spacecraft is to study the following:
Solar Winds: These winds are created due to the expansion of the sun’s plasma
Photosphere and Chromosphere of the sun
Corona of the sun
Energetic particles of the sun
Aditya will study corona heating
Coronal Heating: Scientists are yet to find the solution to the million-dollar question. Why
the temperature of the sun’s corona is a million kelvins, but the temperature of its core is
only thousands of kelvin? This is generally called the corona heating problem. The
spacecraft will help Indian space scientists find solutions to the coronal heating problem.
Aditya will study coronal magnetometry
The outermost layer of the sun is called Corona. The corona has ionized plasma. These
ions carry magnetic fields around them. This makes the corona magnetic. The study of the
magnetic field in the corona of the sun is called coronal magnetometry.
Chhattisgarh Unemployment Allowance
The Election Commission of India has planned to conduct the assembly elections of
Chhattisgarh in November 2023. Ahead of the elections, the current CM of the state
Bhupesh Baghel announced that his government is to provide unemployment allowance
to the Chhattisgarh people in the 2023-24 financial year. He made his announcement
during his republic day speech.
Why the promise?
During the 2018 election campaign, the Baghel party that is, Congress had made the
unemployment allowance promise. This promise helped the party come to power in the
state after 15 years.
Other announcements
Along with the unemployment allowance, the CM also made the following
announcements:
Framing rural industry policy: Mainly focusing on the cotton industry
Property tax to be exempted for factories in industrial areas
CM also announced a housing scheme for laborers and a scheme for women
entrepreneurs
Increase the facilities for air travelers
Develop aero city near the Raipur Airport
To provide a grant of Rs 50,000 to the construction workers who are members of the
Chhattisgarh Building and Other Construction Welfare Board for more than three
years
Rs 10,000 to be provided to Gram Panchayats to organize tribal festivals
Chhattisgarh State Innovation Commission is to be constituted
National Child Science Congress
The National Council for Science and Technology operating under the Department of
Science and Technology recently organized the National Child Science Congress, 2023. The
congress was hosted by the Gujarat Council of Science City. It was held in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat. The theme of the congress was “Understanding Eco System for Health and
Wellbeing”. More than 1400 delegates attended the conference.
About the Congress
The National Child Science Congress is being held in the country since 1993
Children of age group 1 to 17 years attend the congress

During the congress, children exhibit their innovation
The focus of the congress is to cultivate problem-solving skills in students. During
the congress, the participants will frame solutions to societal problems
Significance
India is one of the leading countries in the world where students choose science as their
stream. This includes STEM subjects such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics. According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD), India contributes 29.2% of science students in the world. EU accounts for 9.5%,
the US: 6%, and China: 26%. The National Child Congress and similar programs are the
primary reasons for India to perform well in this area.
January 28, 2023
MEITY Grievance Appellate Committees
The IT Rules of 2021 say that Social Media Companies such as Facebook should
compulsorily appoint Grievance officers. These officers should be from India. They will
oversee the complaints made by social media users. Now the Ministry of Electronics and
Information Technology is forming a committee to which these officers will report to. The
committee will take “content moderation” decisions.
What is content moderation?
It is the process of reviewing content created by the users. During content moderation,
inappropriate content
JOIN is removed. This includesor
@thehindu444 harmful, abusive, harassing, and offensive
Thenewsmaster
content.
Powers of the committee
The committee will oversee the grievance redressal mechanism
It will check on the complaints filed by the users
A special grievance officer will be appointed to overlook the entire process
If the user is not satisfied with the actions taken by this grievance officer, he can file
complaints to the Grievance Appellate Committee
Role of the officer
The officer reporting to the committee should take action within a stipulated time period.
72 hours of time frame for complaints related to copyright issues, and other issues that
pose threat to the integrity of India. Earlier, the time period was 15 days. Now it has been
changed to 72 hours with the formation of the committee.
Indus Water Treaty (IWT): India sends notice for modification
The Indus Water Treaty was signed between the Government of India and the
Government of Pakistan in 1960. World Bank negotiated the treaty. According to the
treaty, the waters of Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej are controlled by India, and the waters of Indus,
Jhelum, and Chenab are controlled by Pakistan. All these rivers form the Indus Water
system. India has 20% access to the water system and Pakistan has 80% access. According
to India, Pakistan has been “INTRANSIGENCE” over the treaty. Meaning refusing to agree
upon the treaty. For this reason, India has sent a notice to Pakistan to modify the treaty.
What is the issue?
India cites the issues of the Rattle hydroelectric project and Kishenganga disputes as the
reason for sending the notice.
What is the Kishen Ganga Dispute?
In 2007, India started the Kishen Ganga Project. The project is related to power
generation. It aims to divert the waters of Kishen Ganga for power generation. To this
Pakistan objected and the project was stalled in 2011. Why did Pakistan Object? According
to Pakistan, Kishen Ganga is a tributary of Jhelum. Jhelum waters belong to Pakistan under
Indus Water Treaty. Then, is the Indian project violating the treaty? No. The Indus Water
Treaty allows India to use the waters of all the rivers for non – consumptive uses such as
hydroelectric power generation. And India was using this clause to use the Kishen Ganga
Water (Jhelum) to generate power.
What is the Rattle Hydroelectric dispute?
The Rattle power project is located in the Chenab river. In 2013, the then PM Manmohan
Singh laid the foundation stone. The project started in 2018 after World Bank allowed
India to move ahead with the project despite Pakistan raising concerns. Again India’s
intentions are to use Chenab water for nonconsumptive purposes.
Shipping Ministry Marine Logistics Portal
The Government of India launched the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan to increase
the execution time of infrastructure projects in India. To achieve this in the shipping
industry, the ministry
JOIN recently launched the Marine
@thehindu444 Logistics Portal. The portal will bring
or Thenewsmaster
all the stakeholders in the shipping industry together. It aims to reduce the cost of
logistics. Though launched by the shipping ministry, the platform covers all modes of
transport such as roadways, waterways, and airways.
About the portal
The portal is called National Logistics Portal – Marine.
It will allow multiple service providers in the exports and imports business to come
together under one platform
Stakeholders in logistics are those people involved in the transport of goods and
services. NLP – M will focus on four main stakeholders such as banking, cargo,
carrier, and finance
It will replace the existing Port Community System
The portal was developed by Potal Info Systems
It will help India in achieving its goal of PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan. The
project aims to create infrastructure projects of worth Rs 100 lakh crores before the
75th independence day.
Benefits
This is a big step in digitizing trade. It will eliminate the obstacles in logistics. Also, it will
increase efficiency and transparency.
Jharkhand’s First Survey of Migrants
Around 8.5 lakh migrants returned to their home state, Jharkhand, during the COVID
crisis. To help these migrants with a good livelihood, the State Government of Jharkhand
started the State and Responsible Migration Initiative in 2021. Creating a robust database
of the migrants in the state is a part of this initiative. To achieve this, the Jharkhand
Government recently launched the first survey of Migrants. Jharkhand is not the only state
to launch such states. Several other states like Tamil Nadu and Punjab had already
launched such surveys.
About the Survey
The survey is to be conducted in 24 districts. Officers will knock on the doors of
11,000 households to take the survey
The survey outputs will be used to create a state-level policy
The survey will also help the State in identifying the cause of migration. Why the
Jharkhand people are leaving the state?
The survey will find out the factors influencing migration in the state
During the survey, the officers will talk to community leaders to get a greater insight
into the problem
The survey has blocks of questions to understand and decipher the issue. They are
household characteristics, incoming migrants, outgoing migrants, quality of life of
migrants, understanding the mindset of migrants, etc.
The survey will also collect details on the nature of work the migrants are expecting
and what is the role of women in the household and in the earnings.
Phase
JOIN 1 of Bihar caste – based
@thehindu444 or survey completed
Thenewsmaster
The Government of Bihar planned to create a record of castes and communities residing
in the state. For this, the Chief Minister of the State Nitish Kumar launched a survey on
January 7, 2023. Recently, the state government completed the first phase of the survey.
The entire survey is to be completed by May 2023.
What was done during Phase I?
The officers counted and recorded the number of households in the state. Teachers,
government servants, and agricultural coordinators collected the information. They
surveyed more than 2.58 crores of households. The first phase of the survey was
conducted in both rural and urban areas. It covered more than 12.7 crore population of
the state.
Future plans
The second phase of the survey is to start in April 2023. During the second phase, the
officers will gather information on socio – the economic profile of the members of the
household. Also, they will collect information about the caste and their exposure to
government schemes.
Why is the survey conducted?
The State Government aims to provide better services to the socially backward classes.
The current ruling government is mainly supported by the socially backward classes and
therefore this decision. By learning the status of the backward classes and the weaker
sections, the Government will launch welfare schemes. The current CM Nitish Kumar
belongs to the Janata Dal political party.

Hinderburg Research Report on Adani Group
The Hinderburg is a research company conducting financial research in different parts of
the world. Hinderburg recently released its research report on the world’s third richest
man and his business firm the Adani Group. According to the report, Adani was involved in
fraud schemes and stock manipulation. The exact word used by the report is “BRAZEN”
Stock Manipulation. Brazen means without shame.
The company did two years of rigorous investigation on Adani and his family
members
According to the report, the Adani Group manipulated 218 billion USD in the stocks.
The net worth of Adani is 120 billion USD. He accumulated 100 billion USD in the last
three years alone! Most of the accumulated wealth comes from stock price
appreciation
Seven of the Adani company prices spiked 819% during the last three years
The reality is that all these seven companies that brought in stock hikes are actually
in debt and liquidity pressure
Adani Family members
Rajesh Adani, the younger brother of Gautam Adani was arrested twice. He created
shell companies abroad and the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence accused him in
2004-05 of JOIN
importing and exporting or
@thehindu444 diamonds fraudulently using the shell
Thenewsmaster
companies
Shell companies of ADani in UAE, Maldives, Caribbean Islands have earned them a
profit of 17 billion USD. They used tax-haven jurisdictions in these countries to fake
their turnover
Vinod Adani, elder brother of Gautham Adani is said to own and operate entities in
Singapore, UAE. But investigations of Hindenburg Research say that there are no
operations in these entities.
Draft National Electricity Policy
The Standing Committee constituted to work on Electricity issues in India made
recommendations to create a new Electricity Policy. Based on the recommendations, the
Ministry of Power constituted an expert committee under the chairmanship of Gireesh
Pradhan to create the policy. The panel submitted the draft policy in October 2021. Now,
the ministry has finalized the policy and is circulating it to the states and the CEA (Central
Electricity Authority) seeking comments.
About the Draft Policy
The policy was framed invoking Electricity Act, 2003
Private parties shall be invited for distributing power
Quality power supply in rural areas
Reduce dependence on coal
Increase hydrogen storage and hydro storage
Increase investments on mini-grids

Make metering completely smart
Encourage and increase the use of domestic power equipment
Background
India launched its first National Electricity Policy in 2005. Even after 16 years since the
launch, no efforts were initiated to update the policy. Despite of peak energy shortages,
no efforts were launched to change the policy. Our distribution infrastructure is showing
very slow development. However, there has been a substantial increase in the distribution
infrastructure. Today there are more than 6 lakh crores of distribution companies in the
country. India is moving towards clean energy and has set a goal of achieving net zero by
2070. The new policy will aid India to achieve its objectives.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs Facility for e – Adjudication
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs launched the MCA21 to speed the access to the services
of the ministry. Recently, the ministry added some key features to MCA21. They are e –
adjudication, compliance management, and e-consultation. Adjudication means a
judgment on a dispute. E-adjudication is an online dispute-solving platform. It will reduce
the number of cases going to the NCLT (National Company Law Tribunal). Also, the E –
Adjudication will increase the ease of doing business.
About the E – Adjudication facility
The facility will try and reduce the crimes listed under the Companies Act
It will try andJOIN
reduce @thehindu444
the compliance burdens
or Thenewsmaster
Physical meetings have been relaxed to increase the success rate of the facility. All
discussions shall be made through video conferencing
Other recent activities of MCA
Apart from these measures, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs will also set up a center
that will speed up the processes involved in the exit of a corporate.
MCA21 has been linked with CBDT, PAN, and TAN
The number of new companies is increasing. In 2015, the number of new companies
in the country was 64,300. In 2022, the number has increased to 167,000
The ministry of to complete the entire process of corporate revamping by March
2023
First Made in India Helmet to meet Europe ECE 22.06 standard
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe set the ECE standards for helmets.
The standard is being used in several countries. For the last 20 years, the ECE 22.05
standard was used. ECE 22.06 was introduced in 2020. ECE 22.06 includes a low-speed
crash test, impact resistance test, and lots more. The new Ignyte IGN – 7 helmets of
Steelbird has become the first helmet in India to meet the ECE 22.06 standard.
About IGN – 7
The helmet has a NACA airflow system. The NACA vent system was developed by the
US. NACA means National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The NACA sucks the
air from the outside and keeps the user ventilated
It is tested for different speeds 6, 7, and 8 miles per second

ECE 22.06
Low-speed impact testing was the major addition in ECE 22.06. Usually, helmets
protect the riders during high-speed impact. However, several studies conducted
from different parts of the world say that low-speed impacts cause severe brain
damage as compared to high-speed impacts.
The ECE 22.06 standard also includes tests for a spin-on-impact test
ECE 22.06 also includes tests on retention mechanism and shell sizes
In India, IS:4151 was the first helmet standard. It was released by ISI in 1993.
International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2023
Holocaust means destruction on a large scale. International Holocaust Day is marked to
commemorate the Jewish people killed or massacred by Hitler and his army. More than six
million Jews were killed during this period. The day is marked on January 27. The United
Nations passed a resolution in 2004 to mark this day.

The theme of the 2023 International Holocaust Remembrance Day
Home and Belonging
Significance
The day reminds the world about the killing of more than two – thirds the Jewish
population
Hitler considered them inferior and wanted to eradicate the Jewish race from planet
earth JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster
Human Rights activists and supporters consider the day a condemnation of religious
harassment, intolerance, violence, and unreasonable incitement.
Why did Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader hate Jews?
Many are of the misconception that Hitler invented hatred for Jews. No. Hatred of Jews
prevailed since the middle ages. According to his book Mein Kampf, Hitler was prejudiced
against Jews. Many of the German nationalists during the Hitler period were anti-jews. But
their ideologies were not as cruel as that of Hitler’s.
Most Germans believe that Hitler developed a hatred for Jews because of the first world
war. Germany lost the first world war. The Jews, communists, and democrats were
considered responsible for the defeat of the country in the world war. And for this reason,
Hitler started hating Jews vehemently.
US-EU AI Agreement
To increase the use of Artificial Intelligence in health care, agriculture, emergency
response, electric grid, and weather forecasting, the United States and the European
Union signed an agreement. The agreement will aid the government increase the use of
Artificial Intelligence in their projects and collaborations. The application of the agreement
is believed to be wide.
About the agreement
AI modeling is to be jointly used by the entities to increase the speed and efficiency
of their governance. AI modeling includes mostly machine learning algorithms. That
is, machines will be trained to do a certain process

Under the agreement, the entities are to focus on data management as well.
Entities will develop data-rich artificial intelligence models
Emergency responses and Grid management are the key target areas
In the electricity sector, the aim is to collect data and store them safely. The data
here includes where the electricity is generated. How is the generated electricity
used? How to balance the grid load?
Aim
The project will collect all the data and put them into a common pool. Several European
countries have their own electricity generation and usage data. All such individual
collections will be clubbed together.
Currently, only European Commission and the USA are included in the talks. In the future,
the entities are planning to invite other countries as well.
Sale of 30 LMT of wheat under Open Market Sale Scheme

Under the Open Market Sale Scheme, the Food Corporation of India sells surplus rice and
wheat stocks. The prices of the food grains are pre-determined. Recently, the Government
of India issued orders to the FCI to sell 30 LMT of wheat under the open market sale
scheme. The Union Government has taken this step to reduce the consistent price rise of
wheat in the country.
What is the plan?
Apart from the Open
JOINMarket Sale, the Government
@thehindu444 of India is to take the following
or Thenewsmaster
measures:
E-Auction will be conducted and 3000 MT of wheat will be sold per bulk buyer or flour
miller
Without auctions, the union government will distribute wheat to the state
governments and the union territories. They will then circulate the wheat to the
public through the Public Distribution Systems (Ration Shops)
Also, the Government will sell wheat at a concession to the cooperative societies,
public sector units, NAFED, etc. No E–Auction will be conducted for them. They can
then sell this wheat to the public at a reduced price. The GoI has fixed this price as Rs
29.50
Reasons for the increase in wheat prices
Russia withdrew from the Black Sea Grain Export Deal
GoI did not launch the Open Market Sale Scheme on time
Rise in international fuel cost
Huge demand for Indian wheat in the International market. So more wheat was
exported bringing a shortage inside the country
January 29, 2023
Mandatory Minimum Sentences
The concept of mandatory minimum sentences is common in American and Canadian
legal systems. Recently, the Canadian Apex court announced that it is to stop pronouncing
mandatory minimum sentences. Mandatory minimum sentences are judgments that do

not leave discretion to the court. Meaning the punishment cannot be reduced in the
future.
What are Mandatory Minimum Sentences?
In simple terms, the judgments in which the level of punishment cannot be reduced in the
future are called mandatory minimum sentences. Say, a Supreme Court judge
pronounced five years of punishment to a convict. Usually, the convict may appeal to the
court for a reduction in punishment after a year or after six months of imprisonment. The
court checks if his conduct has changed and based on his realization, it agrees to reduce
his punishment. This is called a mandatory minimum sentence.
Mandatory Minimum Sentence in India
The Chief Justice of India recently challenged a petition related to mandatory minimum
sentences. The petition requested the Supreme Court to reduce the punishment of the
convicts arrested in a gang rape (of a minor girl of 12 years of age).

2016 ruling of SC of India
In 2016, Mohd Hasim vs State of UP case of Supreme Court defined mandatory minimum
as a sentence that does not leave any discretion to the court.
Indian Laws related to MMS
MMS applies to all the offenses booked under the POCSO Act, that is, Prevention of
Children from Sexual Offences Act except sexual harassment.
India’s 74th Republic Day Parade – Highlights
JOIN
th
India celebrated its 74 republic day on January 26, 2023. The President of India Draupadi
Murmu hoisted the flag during the celebrations. This is the first republic day parade after
the Raj Path was renamed as Kartavya Path. Egyptian President Sisi was the chief guest. A
contingent of the Egyptian Army also participated in the parade.
Key Highlights
144 personnel of the Egyptian contingent marched on the Kartavya Path
Vintage Artillery: 21 – Gunshot salute with 105 mm field guns
Six Contingents marched the path” Maratha Light Infantry regiment, Mechanised
Infantry Regiment, Dogra Regiment, Bihar Regiment, Punjab Regiment, and Gorkha
Brigade
Camel Riders (Feamle) of the BSF Camel Regiment: India is the only country to hold a
camel regiment in the world
Motor Cycle Riders: Dare Devils
Tableau of Indian Navy: All women crew displaying Indian Navy’s “Make in India”
initiatives
Tableau of Indian Air Force: Theme: IAF Power Beyond Boundaries
Tableau of DRDO: Theme: Securing Nation with Effective communication,
surveillance, and neutralizing threats
State and UT Tableaus focused on cultural blends
Assam: Land of Heroes and Spiritualism
Gujarat: Clean Energy Efficient

Uttarakhand: Tourism
The Ministries showcased the themes of the future of India
Above all the Indian Air Force presented an amazing air show. 45 aircraft participated in
the show.
iNCOVACC: First Intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine
There are different methods of vaccine administration. Oral, Intradermal, subcutaneous,
and intramuscular. But the Bharat Biotech recently launched an intranasal vaccine to treat
COVID-19. It is called iNCOVACC. Intra-nasal means the vaccine is administered through
nose. India has approved the vaccine and it is to be administered as a booster dose.
About iNCOVACC
The price of the vaccine is Rs 800 in private hospitals and Rs 325 in government
hospitals
Two doses have been advised. The doses are to be administered within a time gap of
28 days
Adeno Virus is the carrier of iNCOVACC. Meaning, the antigen from Coronavirus is
isolated and injected into the Adeno virus. This is done to increase the immunity
power of the human body. The vaccines injected into the human body teach the
immune system to fight against the virus. The carrier viruses aid in increases this
fighting levels
iNCOVACC is easy @thehindu444
JOIN to deliver. Because;
or noThenewsmaster
needles or syringes are used in
administering the vaccine
Vaccine administration requires no skilled professionals. Any common man can
administer the vaccine
Who should not take iNCOVACC?
You should not take iCONVACC if you have a fever, allergies, etc. Also, you should not take
iCONVACC if you are immune compromised, which means if you have AIDS or other
immune-related diseases.
Google Policy Change In line with CCI direction
Our smartphones come with pre–installed apps like Gmaps, Gmail, Google search engines,
etc. We cannot uninstall these apps even if we do use them. Apart from Google apps some
smartphones also come with third-party apps (supported by Google). Google uses its
dominance and influences smartphone makers to pre–install apps. This creates a nuisance
to the users and discourages competition in the market. To avoid this, the Competition
Commission of India imposed a fine of 161 million USD on Google owner Alphabet for
using its dominance to exploit Indian markets. The Supreme Court recently upheld CCI’s
direction. Following this, Google changed its policy.
What policy changes were brought in?
Users can now choose to change their default search engines on their smartphones
User choice billing is used for subscriptions and app purchases. This billing is to be
available for all apps from February 2023
Android compatibility changes were introduced.

Smartphone makers (OEM or Original Equipment Manufacturers) shall pre-install the
apps at their will
Background
The Competition Commission of India has been continuously imposing penalties on
Google. Anti – Trust orders were issued for Google’s misuse of its dominance in the
market. Following the CCI order, Alphabet (Google’s owner) approached National
Company Law Appellate Tribunal. NCLAT also upheld CCI orders. Later Alphabet
approached the Supreme court. And the apex court also turned down Google’s filings.
January 30, 2023
Fifth Khelo India Youth Games 2022
The Government of India conducts the Khelo India Youth Games every year to hunt talents
from different parts of India. The sports event is seen as the best gateway for Indian
athletes to enter international events and bring pride to the nations. The fifth edition of
the Khelo India Youth Games is to start in January end. The State Government of Madhya
Pradesh is to host the event. For the first time, Kayaking and Canoeing are introduced in
the event.
About Khelo India Youth Games 2022
To be held in eight cities namely Maheshwar, Balaghat, Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ujjain,
Indore, and Bhopal in MP
Kayaking andJOIN
Canoeing were introduced or
@thehindu444 for the first time. The Government of India
Thenewsmaster
has been pushing the Kayaking and Canoeing sports recently. A world-class Kayaking
Canoeing academy is being built by the union government in Tehri, Uttarakhand
More than 474 athletes are to participate from MP
Other major participants are Karnataka, Maharashtra, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, and UP
From Tripura 13 athletes will participate and it is the smallest contributor
Abhinav Shaw and Swati Chaudhary are to participate in the event. They are
international pistol shooters
Other games to be held: Swimming, Wrestling, Boxing, Rowing, Volleyball, Canoeing,
Judo, athletics, and kayaking
At Indore, tennis, Kabaddi, table tennis, hockey, weight lifting, basketball, and
football are to be held
Gymnastics, Kalaripattaya, Badminton, and hockey are to be held in Gwalior
All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), 2020-2021
The Government of India started the AISHE in 2010-11. A task force formed from AICTE,
UGC, National Medical Council, Distance Education Council, and representatives from
leading universities conduct the survey. In 2020-21, the survey was started under the
leadership of the Ministry of Education. The survey mainly focuses on higher education in
the country.
Key Findings of AISHE
The number of students pursuing higher education increased by 7.5% as compared
to 2019-20 and increased by 21% as compared to 2014-15. The numbers were more
than 4.14 crores. This is the first time, the figures crossed the 4 crore mark
The number of females joining higher education increased by 13 lakhs as compared
to 2019-20. The numbers were more than 2 crores
The number of Scheduled Caste Students pursuing higher education increased by
28% as compared to 2014-15
The number of female Scheduled Caste students pursuing higher education
increased by 38% as compared to 2014-15
The number of ST students pursuing higher education increased by 47% as
compared to 2014-15. In the females, the increase was 63.4%
Number of OBC students: The increase was by 32% as compared to 2014-15; In
females, the increase was by 39%
Substantial improvement was seen in the Gross Enrolment Ratio
The number of students enrolled in distance education increased by 7% as compared

to 2019-20
The total number of universities in the country increased by 70 as compared to
2019-20. The number of colleges increased by 1,453
The Gender Parity Index increased to 1.05. It was 1 in 2017-18
The total number of teachers in the country increased by 47,914 as compared to
2019-20
Top States in terms ofJOIN
number @thehindu444
of enrolment or Thenewsmaster
UP, TN, Maharashtra, MP, Rajasthan, and Karnataka
North Eastern States
Total enrolment was 12.06 in 2020-21. It was 9.36 lakhs in 2014-15. The number of female
enrolments was 6.14 lakh in 2020-21. It was higher than for males! Males: 5.92 lakhs
RBI Study on GST Compensation receiving States
The Reserve Bank of India recently released its study of state finances. The report details
the financial positions of the states and also presents an analysis of states receiving GST
Compensation. Tamil Nadu is one of the five states in the country to receive GST
compensation. The other states are Karnataka, Maharashtra Gujarat, and Uttarakhand.
Key Findings
When the GST compensation ends, the most affected states and UTs will be Punjab,
Delhi, Puducherry, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, and Uttarakhand
Of all the states, the northeastern states gained the maximum benefits of GST
compensation
Recommendations
The states that are to be affected by the end of GST compensation should increase their
compliance and widen their tax bases. The Union Government provided complete
compensation during the first five years of the GST launch. Compensation was presented
based on revenue growth. The annual growth of the revenue received from the GST
increased to 14% in 2023 with 2015-16 as the base year
Revenue Growth from GST
The revenue growth will be affected in the future as the world economy is to slow down in
the coming future. GST compensation cess collected was 1.2 trillion rupees in 2023. It was
1.04 trillion rupees in 2021 – 22.
Soliga ecarinata: New Wasp named after Soliga Community
The Biligri Rangana hills are located in the Western Ghats. That is, in the state of
Karnataka. A group of researchers found a new wasp species in the region. The new wasp
species has been named after the Soliga community of the region. The wasp belongs to
the family of Ichneumonidae. A subfamily of the wasp is Metopiinae.
Name Ecarinata
The name Ecarinata was given to the species as it does not have ridges in some parts of its
body. The species was colorful and distinct.
Name Soliga
Soliga is an ethnic tribal community living in the region. They are also called Sholaga,
Solega, and Sholaga. They dwell in the southern Karnataka region. The language of the
community of Sholga. The language is Dravidian. Indian law categorizes them as
Scheduled Tribes. Soliga plays a vital role in conserving the BRT Wildlife Sanctuary. BRT is
Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary. This wildlife corridor connects the
eastern and western Ghats. The site is known for Elephant bathing, bird watching, and
forest safari. It is home to tigers, bovines, etc.
Background
The species was invented during the expedition conducted by the Ashoka Trust for
Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE).
Commission for the sub-categorisation of OBCs
In 2017, the President of India constituted a Commission under Chief Justice of Delhi High
Court Justice G Rohini. The main objective of the commission was to prepare a report
examining the OBC subcategories in the country. The President formed the commission
using his powers under Article 340. The commission was to submit its report within 12
weeks. The work is still pending and the commission recently got a 14th extension.
Why sub – categorization?
Today the Other Backward Castes in the country receive 27% reservation in education and
employment. There is a need for subcategorization as most of the reserved seats are
grabbed by a few communities.
Current Scenario
In 2018, 10 OBC communities took 25% of the reserved quota on jobs and educational
seats. 97% of the total seats reserved for the OBC communities had gone to these 10
communities alone!
Why the delay?
The commission found out that the data on the OBC population in India is limited. And the
commission has to collect the complete data to sub-categorize the OBC communities.
Initially, the data collection job was not given to the committee. Upon the request made by
the committee to collect the data due to laggings, the Union Government extended its
deadline.
Twenty Point Programme (TPP) Progress Report
The Government of India launched the TPP in 1975. It has been revised twice since its
launch, once in 1982 and then in 1986. The main objective of the program is to eradicate
poverty and improve the lives of rural people using 20 points. During the 2022-23 budget,
the union government increased the budget for the program by 36%. It allocated Rs
19,000 crores. In 2021-22, the budget allocated was Rs 15,000 crores. The budget allocation
was for road construction. In recent times, the performance of the program has been
poor. The NSO report released on TPP has proved it.
Progress Report on TPP
The National Statistical Office, NSO, recently released a progress report on TPP. According
to the report, only 41% of the fixed target was completed in 2022-23. The aim was to build
125,000 km of road. But only 45,945 km has been completed.

Performance in fundraising
Apart from road construction, the TPP also works on raising funds for self-help groups.
The fundraising was also reported to be poor.
About TPP
Currently, the TPP works on more than 50 schemes. The plans and reporting of TPP are
quarterly. NSO says that the performance of TPP was poor in all schemes. In 2016, TPP
achieved only 96%JOIN
of its target. In 2019, the scheme
@thehindu444 completed only 13% of its target.
or Thenewsmaster
NSE: World’s Largest Derivatives Exchange
NSE is the National Stock Exchange of India. In 2022, the daily average turnover of the
exchange reached Rs 470 crores. With this NSE has become the largest derivatives
exchange in the world. This is the fourth consecutive time, NSE is holding this position.
Apart from the derivatives, the exchange was ranked third in equities. The positions and
data are based on the statistics presented by the World Federation of Exchanges.
WFE – World Federation Exchange
It maintains the statistics of stock exchanges in different parts of the world. It is basically a
trade association. It is based in London and was founded in 1961.
How did NSE become the largest Derivatives Exchange?
The NSE touched 18,887 points in 2022. This is its highest. Also, the liquidity of NSE
increased in different categories including equity and currency derivatives.
In equity, the daily average turnover of NSE was Rs 470 crore. This is 51% more as
compared to 2021
The Daily Average Turn Over in Sovereign Gold Bond was Rs 7 crores. This was 49%
more than the previous year
In 2021, government securities were made available amongst the equities. They too
performed well. The Daily Average Turn Over of government securities was Rs 3
crores
NSE is to begin Social Stock Exchange soon.
Noble’s Helen: New Swallowtail Butterfly from Arunachal Pradesh

The butterfly population has been increasing in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in recent
times. The state is called the nature trove and is known for its biodiversity. Recently, a new
swallowtail butterfly was spotted in the state. It is called the Noble Helen. The species
does not occur in India. Its origin is in China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The
butterfly has been disappearing in these countries and was recently spotted in India.
Butterflies
The butterflies occur in all parts of the world except Antarctica. There are 18,500 butterfly
species in the world.
Of these 775 are Nearctic. The Nearctic includes tropical, subtropical, arctic, and
temperate regions of North America.
7,700 are neo-tropical. Neotropical regions include eight biological terrains. They are
south America, the Caribbean islands, Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, southern
North America, southern Florida, and central Florida.

1,575 are Palearctic. Palearctic includes Eurasia, North Africa, and Arabian Peninsula
3650 are Afro-tropical. This includes Madagascar, Iran, the western Indian Ocean,
and Pakistan
4800 are in Australian regions
Butterflies in India
In India, butterflies occur in Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, and in hills in the India –
Myanmar border. JOIN
These friends of humanity are
@thehindu444 orbecoming extinct mainly because of the
Thenewsmaster
loss of habitat.
WHO Report on Global Trans – Fat Elimination 2022
Trans fats are unsaturated fats. Increased consumption of trans fats leads to heart
diseases and bad cholesterol. The World Health Organization recently released a report on
“Global Trans – Fat Elimination”. WHO started trans fat elimination in 2018. 2023 was the
set year of the target to completely eliminate trans fats.
Key findings of the report
Trans fats is found in cooking oil, baked foods, packed foods, and spreads. Trans fats
in these foods are the major cause of premature deaths
8 billion world population are currently protected against trans fats issues through
government policies and other measures
Low – Income countries have not yet adopted measures to reduce trans-fat
consumption
Nine countries in the world have coronary heart diseases death due to trans-fat
consumption. They are Pakistan, Nepal, South Korea, Austria, Ecuador, Azerbaijan,
Bhutan, Egypt, and Iran.
Recommendations made by WHO
The WHO recommends adopting two policies. They set a national limit of two grams of
trans fats in 100 grams of fat foods. And to ban the use of partially hydrogenated oils.
About Fats
There are three types of fats. They are trans fats, saturated fats, and unsaturated fats.
Increased trans fats consumption leads to diabetes and obesity.
Scientific Study on Sea Erosion in Kozhikode
The International Blue Flag tag is awarded to the beaches that are cleanest and eco-
friendly. Kappad beach in Kerala is the only beach to receive the tag. Kappad is in the
Kozhikode district of Kerala. A group of scientists will study the sea erosion at Kappad
beach. The study is to be conducted across 3.5 km starting from Thuvvappara and ending
in Valiyamangad.
Why the study?
For over 46 years, the coastline of Kozhikode has been prone to erosion. This was
concluded through satellite images. The reasons for the erosion are river sand mining,
and anthropogenic activities such as construction, and the construction of dams. The
sediments in the region are determined by the estuaries.

The erosion in Kozhikode beach increased after 2000. Artificial coastal structures were
installed. Still, the rate of erosion has been increasing. Fishing harbor construction is also
one of the main reasons for coastal erosion.
About Blue Flag Beach
The tag is presented by a group of organizations and they are as follows:
United Nations Environmental Programme
InternationalJOIN
Union for Conservation of Nature
United Nations World Tourism Organization
Foundation for Environmental Education: A NGO – foundation in Denmark
The tag is presented based on 33 parameters. Four of the major parameters are bathing
water quality, management of environmental factors, conservation of the beaches, and
environmental education.
Annual Death Penalty Report, 2022
The National Law University was established under the NLUA Act of 2007. Project 39A is a
group associated with the university and it recently released a report called the Annual
Death Penalty Report, 2022. According to the report, the number of death penalty
prisoners in India increased to 539 in 2022. It was 490 in 2021.
Key Findings of the report
3% of death rows were judged by trial courts. SC pronounced 11 death penalty
judgments and High Courts in the country pronounced 68 death sentences
Appellate courts pronounced the least number of death sentences
Of all the crimes, sexual violence received the maximum death penalty. Almost
one–third of the capital punishments were for sexual violence
In Gujarat, 51 people were sentenced to death by the Sessions court
UP Sessions Court: 32
Jharkhand sessions court: 17
No death sentences were pronounced in the courts of J&K, Delhi, Telangana, and
Manipur
Two out of every 165 death sentences were pronounced on women
India has 539 death-sentenced prisoners as of 2022. This is a 40% increase as
compared to the numbers in 2015
UP had the highest death sentences followed by Gujarat and Jharkhand.
National Anti-Leprosy Day 2023
India is fighting hard to eliminate leprosy. The country has set a target of eliminating the
disease completely by 2027. The set target is three years ahead of the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals. To aid the fight against Leprosy in the country and to
create awareness about the disease India is marking National Anti–Leprosy Day on
January 30.
The theme of National Anti–Leprosy Day 2023
Let us make Leprosy a History; Let us fight against leprosy
Leprosy and SDG

The United Nations aims to eradicate leprosy by 2030 by achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals. The international organization believes that it can eradicate the
disease by following the following goals:
Goal 1: End Poverty
Goal 3: Quality and affordable health care for all
Goal 6: Clean water for all
Goal 10: Reduce
JOINinequality
But India is to eliminate Leprosy three years ahead of UN goals.
India’s plan
The Government of India is planning to eradicate leprosy by strengthening its National
Leprosy Eradication Programme. To achieve the target, the allowance to leprosy patients
was increased from 8,000 rupees to 12,000 rupees. The allowance shall be used by the
patients for their reconstructive surgeries.
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
The program has been highly successful. It helped the Indian Government to reduce the
leprosy numbers to 0.45 per 10,000 people in 2021-22. In 2014-15, the numbers were 0.69
per ten thousand people.
Other Efforts
ABSULS: Asha – based Surveillance for Leprosy Suspects
FLC: Focused Leprosy Campaign
National Strategic Plan and Roadmap for Leprosy
National Guidelines for AMR in Leprosy
India’s First Model G – 20 Summit
The Indian Institute of Democratic Leadership is a non–profit organization. It is also called
the RMP institute as it was founded in memory of Shri Rambhau Mhalgi, an Indian
politician and former Member of Parliament. He is famous for running the Akhil Bharatiya
Vidyarthi Parishad. ABVP is the student wing of RSS. The IIDL recently conducted the
Model G – 20 Summit. The institute is known for conducting training and research. It
conducts training for leadership. The United Nations Economics and Social Council
recently granted Special Consultative Status for IIDL.
About the G – 20 Model Summit
This is the first of its kind. The Indian Sherpa of G – 20 Mr. Amitabh Kant inaugurated the
summit. It was conducted at the Mumbai campus of IIDL. The G – 20 summit is highly
important for India and other members as the group constitutes 85% of the world GDP.
India is hosting the summit in 2023. While developing countries are hesitating to hold
international summits, India has come forward amidst the economic crisis, climate change
issues, COVID issues, food crisis, energy crisis, and other global turmoil.
Why the model summit?
The IIDL conducts model summits targeting the youth in the country. Such model
summits are conducted prior to any international summits. This is done to give exposure
to the youths and spread awareness about the importance of such summits among them.
Also, such events aid to develop leadership qualities in them at a young age.
Air India’s New Software for Real – Time Reporting of In – flight Incidents
Coruson is cloud software developed by a UK-based company called Ideagen. Air India is
to use this software to increase its safety management. Coruson will help Air India in
reporting in–flight incidents. And this is to be done on a real-time basis.
What is the plan?
Air India is to provide
JOINthe crew members with iPads.
@thehindu444 The Coruson will be installed on those
or Thenewsmaster
devices as well.
Why?
Recently, there were many criticisms of delayed reporting. This includes the Urination
incident as well. Following the incident, the DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation)
imposed a fine on Air India.
What is a Urination incident?
During a flight from New York to Delhi, a man on an Air India flight urinated on a co-
passenger. The incident was reported very late. The issue had exploded by the time the
crew landed.
Benefits
The Coruson will help Air India get complete visibility of the entire operation of its flights.
This includes customer boarding, food served, rules followed, cabin crew activities, and all
other sorts of activities that happen during the flight. With this, Air India can find where it
is lagging and also solve issues quickly. The main objective is to keep the passengers safe
and comfortable during the flight. This will help to boost the revenue of Air India.
Background
Air India was disinvested to the TATA Group. The TATA Group has been introducing
several changes to Air India which was facing heavy losses. It was joined with Vistara
airlines. VISTARA is joint collaboration of Air India and Singapore Airlines. Also, the in –
Flight alcohol service policy was modified.
Atal Pension Yojana crosses landmark 5 crore Enrolments

The Atal Pension Yojana was launched in 2015. The main objective of the scheme is to
provide income security to Indian citizens. The performance of the scheme was
outstanding in 2022. It gained 1.25 crores of new subscribers in 2022. It is higher as
compared to 2021. In 2021, the number was only 92 lakhs.
Current Scenario
The Government of India sets yearly targets for the banks under the Atal Pension Yojana.
In 2022, 29 banks achieved the target. This includes SBI, Indian Bank, and other Public
sector banks. In the Regional Rural Bank category, more than twenty-one banks achieved
the target.
Best Performing States
UP, Bihar, WB, MP, Jharkhand, Assam, and Tripura achieved the set targets. The State Level
Banker Committee set the Atal Pension Yojana annual targets for the State Government.
Role of SLBC
SLBC works to increase the reach of the program. This is achieved by creating links with
State Rural Livelihood Mission, National Rural Livelihood Mission, digital initiatives, etc.
Through these links, the SLBC conducts physical programs. It also launches chatbots and
podcasts to increase the reach of the program.
Background
The Atal Pension Yojana guarantees one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees as a
pension. This is applicable to all beneficiaries of age 60 years.
China’s Baidu may launch ChatGPT – style AI Bot
The BAIDU is a Chinese-based technology company. It offers a popular search engine in
China called BAIDU. (Major search engines like Google are banned in China) The company
works on artificial intelligence and internet-related products. The headquarters of the
company is in Beijing. The company is one of the largest AI companies in the world. The
TECH giant is now planning to develop a chatbot similar to that of ChatGPT.
What is Baidu’s plan?
The Beln Crypto report recently said that BAIDU is to launch a ChatGPT-like chatbot. Beln
Crypto is one of the most popular and largest cryptocurrency news platforms in the world.
BAIDU’s chat platform will have conversation-style interfaces just like ChatGPT.
Background
BAIDU has been investing millions and millions of dollars in this AI platform. With this, the
company is planning on shifting into a complete technology company and stopping all its
online marketing services.
Features
BAIDU’s chatbot is to be built on the Ernie system. ERNIE stands for Electronic Random
Number Indicator Equipment. It is a hardware random number generator. It was invented
to be used in lotteries and casinos.
ChatGPT
It is a Microsoft product. Today it is at the peak of its success. Apart from BAIDU, other
Chinese investors are also looking for ways to develop an AI chatbot just like ChatGPT.
Beating Retreat Ceremony 2023
The United Kingdom used the Beating Retreat Ceremony to call their patrolling units to
the castle. India uses this ceremony to end its republic day celebrations. In India, Beating
Retreat Ceremony is held on January 29th. All three wings of the Indian Military participate
in the ceremony. The bands of the three forces, that is, Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force
are the primary participants.
Key Highlights of Beating Retreat Ceremony 2023
The ceremony is held on the Raisina hills. The Raisina Hills house the most important
buildings of the Government of India such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Residence of
the President), the Prime Minister’s office, and other important buildings. The north
and south blocks of Raisina hills were illuminated during the ceremony.
The band services of the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, and Indian Navy conducted
the Beating Retreat Ceremony.

The President of India participates in the Beating Retreat Ceremony
Beating Retreat Ceremony in England
Initially, the ceremony was called watch setting. It was performed during sunset. A single
gunshot was fired during the ceremony. The patrolling units return to the castle after
hearing the gunshot. It was first practiced during the seventeenth century. Later, James
VII of Scotland introduced the drumbeat as an order for the patrolling troops to return.
Beating Retreat Ceremony
JOIN in India
The ceremony started in India in 1955.
In 2016, the Central Armed Police Forces participated in the retreat for the first time
January 31, 2023
Survey: 60% households expect dip in earning
An online platform called the Local Circles recently conducted a survey. The survey was
conducted to learn about the mindset of the household consumers and also about their
conditions. And it was conducted online. The online platform conducted the survey in 309
districts. According to the survey, 60% of the households in the country believe that their
income is to decline in the coming days. The bottom line, citizens are facing income
insecurity.
Key Findings of the survey
The households are to face 25% of the decline in their income
52% of the participants believe that global economic uncertainty is to prevail for
more than six to twelve months
56% of the participants believe that their annual savings are reduce
Why are Indian citizens insecure about their income?
In the recent past, commodity prices increased globally. An increase in shipping and
logistics costs is the main reason for the shoot-up in prices. Families are not able to
increase their income level to the pace of the increasing inflation. Unlike Government
Employees, the private sector people do not get Dearness Allowance or other relief
measures to survive inflation. This has been affecting consumer spending. And thus the
insecurity.
Defence Ministry is top buyer of MSME Goods in 2022
The Government e–Marketplace was launched in 2016. It is an online platform used for
procuring goods and services online. The main aim of GeM is to increase transparency,
promote Aatma Nirbhar Bharat, and support small and local sellers. Recently, the GeM
tweeted that in 2022, Defence Ministry made the highest procurement from the MSME
sellers.
Defence Ministry: Top Buyer
In 2022, the Defence Ministry procured Rs 16,747 crores worth of goods and services from
the MSME sector. This was 250% higher than that of the procurement made in 2021. Of all
the states UP made the highest procurement. UP bought Rs 9,642 crores of goods and
services through GeM.
GeM in 2022
In 2022, the turnover of GeM was Rs 106,647 crores. This is expected to double in 2023. As
compared to 2016, when GeM was first launched, its turnover had increased by 17 times.
Major challenges faced by GeM
GeM faces difficulty to comply with General Financial Rules (Rule 149). Rule 149 says that
all common goods and services should be compulsorily procured on the platform.
Apart from GeM, there are other government portals. The increase in traders in those
portals affects theJOIN
efforts @thehindu444
of GeM. The government of India should integrate them under
or Thenewsmaster
one roof. Or make separate portals for individual commodities.
Ernakulam: First District to register 10,000 new MSMEs
The Kerala Government launched the Enterprises Campaign during its 2022-23 budget.
Also, the state government declared the financial year 2022-23 as the Year of Enterprises.
This was done to boost the development of the MSME sector in the state. The campaign
was held in different parts of the state under the tagline “My Enterprises, Nations Pride”.
Because of the campaign the number of MSME companies in the state increased. Today
Ernakulam has become the first district in the state to register more than ten thousand
new MSMEs. The other districts such as Thrissur and Malappuram are also moving close to
the number.
How did Ernakulum achieve this?
The connectivity and the communication network in the state of Kerala are high. Also,
because of the high literacy rate availability of qualified and skilled people are adequate.
Industrial infrastructure facilities are also easily available. The Ernakulum district used all
these facilities to increase its MSME numbers.
What factors helped the MSME of Ernakulum achieve this?
Increased access to loans
Promotion in infrastructure-based development
Progress in technology
Industrialization
Steps were taken to revive the artisans in remote areas

The MSME sector provides opportunities for its dependents to evolve on their own. Boost
in the MSME sector increases job opportunities and diversifies the GDP of the country.
IMF: India’s Inflation will fall to 5% in 2023, 4% in 2024
The International Monetary Forum recently released the World Economic Outlook.
According to the report, the Inflation in India is to reduce to 6.8% in March 2023. Further
by the end of 2023, the inflation will reduce to 5%. In 2024, Indian Inflation will be 4%. The
report also said that global inflation is to reduce to 6.6% in 2023. It was 8.8% in 2022.
Key Highlights of the report
The Consumer Price Index is to decrease in more than 84% of the world’s countries
Global inflation will fall down to 6.6% in 2023. In 2024, it will further reduce to 4.3%
In developed economies like the US, France, and Russia the average inflation is to
reduce to 4.6% in 2023. Further, it will reduce to 2.6% in 2024. It was 7.3% in 2022.
In developing economies like East Asian and South Asian countries, the inflation is to
reduce to 8.1% in 2023. Further, it will reduce to 5.5% in 2024. In 2022, the inflation in
these economies was 9.9%
In Low – Income countries the inflation is to reduce to 8.6% in 2024. In 2022, the
inflation here was 14.2%
Observations made
Currently, the world is facing disinflation. This is because of decreasing fuel prices and a
decrease in commodity
JOINprices. Another main reason
@thehindu444 for inflation to decline globally is the
or Thenewsmaster
decrease in global demand.
Hindenburg Research – Adani Group Row
The Hindenburg financial research company recently released a research report on the
Adani Group. According to the report, the group was involved in stock manipulation.
Gautham Adani, his brother, and other family members used tax havens and established
shell companies. While the shell companies were not operating in reality, the company
fraudulently posed itself as blooming in business. This increased the stock prices of the
group by 815% in a few months. After the research report released by the Hinderburg
financial research enterprises, the investors of Adani have lost more than one lakh crore
rupees.
Current Scenario
Adani Group released a 413-page reply to the Hindenburg report. Adani accuses the
research company to be unethical and the report as baseless. To this Hindenburg
responded that it has released only 30 pages of its evidence. The remaining 330 pages of
court records have not yet been released. According to Hindenburg, the finance
researcher holds evidence against irrelevant initiatives of Adani, misuse of female
entrepreneurship benefits, etc.
Adani in Stock Market
Adani and its group of companies lost four lakh crores of rupees in just two days. The
issue has entered politics as well. The Congress Party is now questioning the close
association of the ruling government with the Adani group.

Advisory on Obligation of Public Service Broadcasting
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has been in constant discussions with
private satellite television channel broadcasters. Based on the inputs provided by these TV
channels, the ministry released an advisory on the Obligation of Public Service
Broadcasting. According to the advisory, private satellite television channels should
telecast public service broadcasting at least for 30 minutes.
About the 30 minutes broadcast
The 30 minutes public service broadcast can be anything starting from education,
agriculture, health and family welfare, environmental protection, national
integration, programs related to the uplift of weaker sections of Indian society,
science and technology, women empowerment, cultural heritage, and the spread of
literacy. However, the content should be related to social relevance and should be of
national importance.
Commercial breaks are not to be counted in the 30 minutes.
The broadcasters are allowed to repeat the program
How will the private channels achieve this?
The Government of India has asked the private TV satellite channels to plan these 30
minutes at their will. However, they shall not broadcast the program between 12
midnight and 6 AM. Also, the government allows the channels to implement this
through voluntary
JOIN compliance. However,
@thehindu444 ortheThenewsmaster
Government has asked the private
satellite TV channels to submit a report by February 7.
Foreign channels that are downlinking in India are exempted. For instance, Discovery
Tamil is a foreign channel and is downlinking in India in Tamil. Discovery Malayalam
is downlinking in Malayalam. And so on. Such foreign channels are exempted from
the obligation.
The issued guidelines are to come into effect from March 1, 2023.
First Employment Working Group Meeting
On the sidelines of hosting the 2023 G – 20 summit, the Government of India has been
organizing various group meetings like Business20, Think20, etc. Now the GoI is to
conduct the Employment Working Group Meet of G20. This is to be held in Jodhpur,
Rajasthan. The Employment Working Group will discuss three things namely Global Skill
gaps, sustainable financing to achieve social security, Social Protection, and Gig and
Platform Economy.
What is the plan of the group?
The Employment Working Group of G20 is planning to work on the following areas:
The group will prioritize labor employment
Job-rich inclusive growth
Social issues
Employment
Sustainable jobs
More than 73 delegates are to attend the meeting. The delegates are expected from
European Union, nineteen member countries, and nine guest countries. Spain,
Netherlands, and Singapore are some of the guest countries to participate in the meeting.
Outcomes of the meet
The members are planning to launch an international skill gap mapping portal. Also, they
will discuss and assess the skill demands in the member countries. Based on the
assessment, they are planning to launch a framework with common taxonomies. The
framework will focus on skills and qualification harmonization. Common taxonomy means
a set of financial rules that are feasible to all the member countries.
Budget Session of Parliament
The President of India Smt Draupadi Murmu initiated the Budget Session of 2023 in the
Parliament House. Murmu addressed a joint session of the parliament. The Finance
Ministry will present its Economic survey ahead of the Union Budget. Every year, the
finance ministry presents the economic survey on January 31 and the finance minister
presents the budget on February 1.
Key Highlights of President’s Address
India is to find solutions to world problems as the President of G-20 in 2023
Indian Railways to become the world’s largest Electric Railway Network
India is improving its new identity “Pharmacy of the World” and on the other hand,
the country is adopting Ayurveda and Yoga
According toJOIN
India, Nature and Progressor
@thehindu444 cannot walk together. Therefore, the GoI
Thenewsmaster
adopted Green Growth
India is becoming a major space power and also developing historic heritages
Vibrant Village Programs aims to develop border villages
Raj Path renamed as Kartavya Path: Sign that GoI is trying to remove every sign of
slavery
Defense exports increased six times
On one hand, the development of Ayodhya Dham, and on the other hand, India is
building a modern Parliament building
Quoted Lord Basaveshwar (from Karnataka) words
Applauded reforms like the removal of fake beneficiaries in the Jan Dhan scheme,
achievements of the Jal Jeevan Mission, etc.
What is Economic survey 2023?
The report detailing the financial status of the country is called Economic Survey. The
survey is released by the Finance Ministry and submitted by the Finance Minister to the
Parliament. The finance minister submits the survey report after the President’s address.
Every Union Budget session begins with the address of the President.
About Economic Survey
The report explains the performance of India in the previous financial year.
It talks about the inflation rate
Trends in major sectors of the country such as agriculture, infrastructure, and
foreign exchange reserves

Lists the economic challenges in front of the Government
Suggests recommendations to overcome the challenges
GDP growth is projected
Facilitates allocation of funds in the Budget
Prepared by
The Department of Economic Affairs prepares the Economic survey. The department
operates under the Ministry of Finance. The Chief Economic Advisor of India supervises
the economic survey preparations. The current Chief Economic Advisor of India is Mr
Anantha Nageswaran.
Why is an economic survey important?
The survey presents statistical data on the Indian Economy. The data is crucial for
policymakers. They use the data to identify where exactly the Government policies are
lagging and what can be done to improve things and boost economic growth.
History of Economic survey
The first economic survey was released in 1950-51. Initially, it was presented along with
the Union Budget. It was separated from the budget in 1964. There are two parts to the
economic survey. Part A and Part B. Part A speaks gives a complete overview of the
economic conditions in the country. Part B focuses on individual issues.
UK to be country Partner for BioAsia 2023
Hyderabad is theJOIN
Cybercity of India. The Genome
@thehindu444 Valley, the first world-class Biotech
or Thenewsmaster
cluster in India was established in the cyber city. Today, the State Government of
Telangana, along with the Union Government, and several other international
organizations organize the BIO ASIA forum in the Genome Valley. The forum is one of the
largest international biotech forums in the world. And several leading biotech companies
look forward to it. In 2023, India joins hands with the UK government in hosting the
forum. This year, the forum is to focus on the MSME sector.
What is Bio Asia?
It is a forum that connects biotech industry stakeholders. The forum is an opportunistic
platform for biotech leaders to learn about the latest technological advancements in the
field. Different biotech companies participate in the forum and exhibit their research and
innovations in the field. Experts and researchers attend the forum and present their
research findings.
In short Bio Asia is the Life Science and Health care Forum.
The theme of the 2023 Bio Asia Forum
Shaping the Next Generation: Advancing for ONE
‘O’ in ONE stands for One Health. It aims to integrate different ecosystems with the
aim of safeguarding the future
‘N’ in ONE stands for Next Generation Health. Under this, the forum will aim to use
disruptive technologies in the biotech field. The disruptive technologies are Artificial
Intelligence, Block Chain, and data science
‘E’ in ONE stands for Equity: Here, the aim is to provide quality health care for all
IMF 4.7 billion USD support program for Bangladesh
The Bangladesh Government has been facing several macroeconomic issues. The country
holds a huge current account deficit. The value of the Taka, the currency of Bangladesh
has been declining. Foreign Exchange reserves of the country have been decreasing. To
help Bangladesh recover from these economic stresses, the International Monetary Fund
recently sanctioned a 4.7 billion USD loan to the country.
About the IMF loan to Bangladesh
The IMF has released 3.3 billion USD of funds under its extended credit facility. Under its
Resilience and Sustainability Facility for Climate Investments, IMF released 1.4 billion USD
to Bangladesh. This is the first time IMF is releasing funds under this since its inception.
Pakistan and Sri Lanka did not receive IMF funds
In 2022, three Asian countries applied for loans from the International Monetary Fund.
They were Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. IMF released the funds to Bangladesh
first. The rest two couldn’t get final approval from the financial organization despite the
fact that they are doing worse than Bangladesh.
Current Scenario of Bangladesh
The current Account Deficit of Bangladesh is 18.7 billion USD.
Power prices hiked by 5% in the country
Due to the energy crisis, the garment exports of the country declined
Why is Bangladesh in an economic crisis?
COVID Pandemic related economic issues
Ukraine – Russia war
Recent Wave of Tech Layoffs
Layoff means removing employees from jobs. Dismissing due to a decrease in profits.
When the profit of a company is not sufficient to pay all its employees, it Lays OFF.
Recently, IBM (International Business Corporation), one of the largest tech companies in
the world laid off its 3,500 employees. This is the largest layoff since 2022. MID LIFE CRISIS
is the main reason for the layoff. Apart from IBM, several other tech giants such as
Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta are also reducing their employees.
Reason for the recent Tech Layoff
The United States Federal Reserve has increased the interest rates rapidly to control
inflation in the country. During inflation, the apex banks increase the interest rates to
encourage people to save and invest. Consumer demands decrease and people start
saving. This decreases liquidity in the country. During such times, the companies are
affected as loans become expensive. This leads to lay off.
How is this affecting Indian Professionals?
Out of the total layoffs made, 30% to 40% of them are Indian IT professionals. They are on
L1 and H – 1B visas in the US. H – 1B visa allows American companies to hire foreign
companies.
What is MID LIFE CRISIS?
Midlife in the economy means the period during which a company or a country faces
financial challenges.
Economic Survey 2022-23: Highlights
Economic Survey is presented a day before the Budget session. Finance Ministry prepares
the survey. The survey says that in 2024, India’s GDP will be in the range of 6% to 6.8%.
Public digital platforms played a major role in increasing economic growth in 2022. The
performance of the Indian Rupee was better compared to the other developing
economies.
Key Highlights
In November 2022, the retail inflation returned to the target set by RBI
The government of India is focusing on recovery and putting the economy back on
the pre-pandemic path
Direct Tax collections between April 2022 and November 2022 were buoyant. Tax
buoyancy means the revenue rate increases without an increase in the tax rate
The urban unemployment rate is decreasing
The Gross Non – Performing Assets ratio of the Scheduled Commercial Banks have
reduced to 5. This is the lowest in the past seven years.
Health expenditure of Central and State Government in Fiscal Year 2023: 2.1% of
GDP. It was 2.2% in 2022 and 1.6% in 2021.
220 crores ofJOIN
COVID vaccines were administered
@thehindu444 in FY23
or Thenewsmaster
From the UNDP’s Multi-dimensional Poverty Index: 41.5 crore people out of poverty
between 2005 and 2019
Achieve net zero emissions by 2070
National Green Hydrogen Mission: to make India energy independent by 2047
Agricultural investments from the private sector: Increased by 9.3% in 2020-21
National Food Security Act: 81.4 crores benefitted
PM KISAN: 11.3 crores of farmers benefitted between April and July in 2022-23
International Year of Millets: 2023; UN announced upon India’s insistence. India to
push millets production
Merchandise Exports: 332.8 billion USD between April and December 2022
Remittances in 2022: 100 billion USD; largest in the world
UPI-based transactions: Increased by 121% between 2019 and 2022
The focus of Government Reforms
The Economic Survey of 2022-23 says that the Government of India is to focus on the
following reforms:
Ease of living for the public
Deliver governance efficiently and gain the trust of the citizens
Develop partnerships with the private sector to develop the economy
Increase the production from the agricultural sector
Economic Survey: Health Expenditure at 2.1% of GDP in FY23

Health Expenditure has been a major concern for the government since the COVID
pandemic. As the pandemic started reducing, the governments were burdened heavily to
focus on the lost track of other disease elimination programs. For instance, the cases of
malaria, AIDS, hepatitis, etc in India and several other countries increased exponentially.
These diseases increased because the governments were forced to pay less attention. The
entire attention and complete focus were on the COVID pandemic. Health expenditure
was not sufficient to focus on all diseases. In the fiscal year 2022-23, central and state
governments spent 2.1% of their GDP in 2023. In 2022, it was 2.2% and in 2021, it was 1.6%.
What did the Economic Survey say about Health Expenditure?
Health expenditures made on social services increased to 26% in the fiscal year 2023.
It was 21% in the fiscal year 2018-19.
The government’s share in the total expenditure of the country increased to 40.6% in
the fiscal year 2018-19. It was 28.6% in 2013-14

Out of Pocket Expenditure decreased to 48.2% in the fiscal year 2018-19. It was 64.2%
in 2013-14
Social security expenditure in the health sector increased to 9.6% in the fiscal year
2018-19. It was 6% in 2013-14. The social security expenditure on health includes the
following
Medical reimbursements the central government makes to the government
employees
Social Health Insurance Programmes
Health insurance schemes financed by the government

Gktoday 1 - 31 January 2023

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gktoday 1 - 31 January 2023

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - January, 2023

JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster

JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster

Published by: https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/ | © 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved

January 13, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 13

Manipur Gaan Ngai festival ...................................................................................................................... 53

Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano .......................................................................................................................... 95

Uttarakhand Women Reservation Bill ................................................................................................... 137

Makar Sankranti Festival ......................................................................................................................... 176

January 21, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 209

SCO Meet: India invites Pakistan, China ............................................................................................. 233

US-EU AI Agreement .............................................................................................................................. 258

JOIN @thehindu444 or Thenewsmaster

Tata Open Maharashtra: India’s Ramkumar Ramanathan enters doubles quarter-

U.S. FDA approves Aurobindo subsidiary’s cancer drug copy

Caste-based survey of 12 crore people in Bihar begins

Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship Mela to be conducted in 242 districts

January 10, 2023

India, Panama sign MoU to enhance cooperation in training of diplomats

January 13, 2023

linguistic minority communities.

January 14, 2023

TRAI releases Consultation Paper on Telecommunication Infrastructure Sharing,

Retail inflation eases to 12-month low of 5.72% in December

January 17, 2023

Jacinda Ardern announces resignation as Prime Ministerof New Zealand.

January 21, 2023

India to make full carbon graphite badminton racquets.

January 22, 2023

children for their achievement.

Centre to send a proposal to UNESCO for nominating Charaideo moidams of the

IMF confirms India’s assurance to restructure Sri Lanka’s debt

January 26, 2023

UNESCO designates Ukraine’s Odesa a World Heritage in Danger site

January 27, 2023

Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Announces Unemployment Allowance

Canada appoints first representative to fight Islamophobia.

January 30, 2023

January 30, 2023

Nation observes Mahatma Gandhi’s 74th death anniversary on January 30.

grains to beneficiaries, as well as on the status of the implementation of the scheme.

Milind Ekbote and Sambhaji Bhide.

XBB.1.5 is More Contagious and Immune Evasive than Other Variants

On November 8, 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the

grounds. Despite acknowledging that the demonetization was well-intentioned and

Draft Statement on Industrial Policy 2022

economic integration and move up the global value chain.

swift return of illegal migrants.

saving time and effort.

aimed to reach out to common people and was successful.

Panchayats, with each house given a letter signed by Mamata Banerjee.

authorities during the evacuation of students during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

women’s involvement in scientific research.

Importance of Improved Border Infrastructure

exemption was announced in the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Amendment Rules,

the raised dots with their fingers.

civil appeals in the dispute.

suffering from the bubonic plague in Maharashtra in 1897. In recognition of her

government to provide $1.22 billion in funding for projects aimed at improving

and other services.

agencies, as well as a grievance officer to resolve user complaints.

international audiences and increase the availability of diverse content by upgrading

Creation of over 6 lakh jobs.