DOT FINALS

1. Classical School-Views crime as a product of free will, hedonism, and rational choice. It
anchors on the argument that human being is endowed with free will and rationality,
and that human action are results of the rational calculation of the cost and benefits.
2. Neo-Classical Criminology this began during French revolution. The neo-classical thinker
contends that classical doctrine was correct in general, it should be unified in some
details because children and lunatics cannot calculate pleasure and pain. They should
not be regarded as criminal or to be punished.
3. Positivist School presumed that criminal behavior is caused by internal (subjective or
nature) and external (Objective or nurtured) factors outside of the individual’s control.
The scientific method was introduced and applied to study human behavior.
4. Cesare Lombroso - was the Father of Criminology an Italian criminologist and founder of
the Italian School of Positivist Criminology
5. Cesare Becaria- he believes that all human being are rational being and they posses free
will, the capacity to choose between right and wrong
6. Jeremy Bentham- He was concerned with achieving “the greatest happiness of the
greatest number”
Study the difference between Utilitarianism and Hedonism
7. Applied Science - in the study of the causes of crimes, anthropology, psychology,
sociology and other natural science may be applied, while in crime detection-chemistry,
medicine, physics, mathematics, ballistics, polygraphy, legal medicine, questioned
document examination may reutilized. This is called Instrumentation.
8. Social Science – in as much as crime is a social creation that exists in a society being a
social phenomenon, its study must be considered a part of social science.
9. Dynamic - criminology changes as social condition changes. It is concomitant with the
advancement of other science that has been applied to it.
10. Nationalistic - the study of crimes must be in relation with the existing criminal law
within a territory or country. Finally, the question as to whether an act is a crime is
dependent on the criminal law of a state. It follows, therefore, that the causes of crime
must be determined from its social needs and standards
11. Attempted Stage- the offender begins the commission of felony directly by overt acts.
He has not performed all the acts of execution that should produce felony.
12. Frustrated Stage- when the offender performed all the acts of execution but
nonetheless dit not produce it because causes independent of the perpetrators will.
13. Consummated Stage- when all the elements necessary for the execution and
accomplishment of crime are present.
14. Generality- criminal law is binding all persons who live or sojourn in the Philippine
Territory.
15. Territoriality- is that criminal law undertake to punish committed within Philippine
Territory
16. Prospectivity- penal law cannot make an act punishable in a manner in which it was not
punishable when committed.
17. Criminal Law is that branch of public law which defines crimes, treat of their nature, and
provides for their punishment.
18. ACT 3815- RPC/The Revised Penal Code took effect on January 1, 1932, or more than a
year after its approval on December 8, 1930
19. Simple Crimes- single act constituting only one offense
20. Complex Crimes- single act constituting two or more grave felonies or is an necessary
means for committing the other.
21. Victimology- is the subfield of criminology that deals purely on the underlying factors of
victimization and the contributory role of the victim
22. Victim- generally a victim is the person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of crime or
the one who suffers the consequences of a crime.
23. Victim precipitation- is a criminology theory that analyzes how a victim's interaction
with an offender may contribute to the crime being committed.
24. Victim facilitation- occurs when a victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender
to commit a crime.
25. Victim provocation-occurs when a person does something that incites another person to
commit an illegal act.
26. Benjamin Mendelsohn- known as the Father of Victimology
27. Penology- is a multi-disciplinary subject that aims to study and evaluate the application
of penal sanction to wrong doers
28. Lex talionis-is the concept of retribution where the punishment must fit the crime. An
eye for an eye.
29. Deterrence – aims to prevent future criminal behavior, deterrence is assumed to be
proactive
‘’When we say deterrence always remember General and Specific explain.’’
30. Code of Hammurabi- the earliest known written code of punishment by King
Hammurabi who ruled the Babylon sometime around in 1700
31. Bureau of Correction- is an agency under the DOJ, mandated to carry out institutional
rehabilitation programs of the government for national offender.
32. Parole- A prisoner may be granted parole whenever the Board finds that there is a
reasonable probability that if released, he will be law-abiding and that his release will
not be incompatible with the interest and welfare of society.
33. Probation- A convicted defendant must apply for probation and, once granted, must
comply with the conditions imposed by the court and the supervision of the probation
officer; otherwise, the defendant will have to serve the original sentence.
34. Pardon-It is the conditional exemption of a guilty offender for the punishment imposed
by a court.

35. RA 6975- ‘’Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990.”
 “What is the Tri-Bureau”
36. Patrol- defined as a concept of a person traveling around defined jurisdiction, observing
the situation and maintaining the safety and security of people and property.
37. RA 8551- “PNP Reform and Re-organization act of 1998”
38. Organization- defined as group of person working together for a common goal or
objectives.
39. Law Enforcement Administration- is the process involved in ensuring strict compliance,
proper obedience of laws and related statutes.
40. Law Enforcement Agency- pertains to organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
41. Criminal Investigation- is the collection of facts to accomplish the three fold aims, to
identify, to locate, and to provide evidence of his guilt and innocence
42. Criminal Investigator-is a public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation
of all criminal cases as provided for embodied under the Revised Penal Code, criminal
laws and special laws which are criminal nature.
43. Custodial Investigation -is conducted by law enforcement officers after a person has
been arrested or deprived of his freedom of action.
44. Special Crime Investigation- deals with the study of major crime based on the
application of special investigation techniques.
45. Photography- is the art and science of reproducing image by means of light through
sensitized image by means of light through some sensitized material with the aid of a
camera.
46. Criminalistics- can be defined as the application of scientific methods to the recognition,
collection, identification, and comparison of physical evidence generated by criminal or
illegal civil activity.
47. Toxicology- the branch of science concerned with the nature, effects and detection of
poisons.
48. Question Document Examination- is the examination of documents potentially disputed
in a court of law. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or
questionable document using scientific processes and methods.
49. Polygraphy- is a scientific method of detecting deception using a polygraph machine.
50. Ballistics- is the science of the motion of the projectile and the condition that affects
their motion.

‘’Kaunting sipag pa, para sa pamilya. Mahaba habang laban pa

ito sa pinasok nyo na course tibayan ang loob at sipagan.’’

-Sir Christian