EXCEL BDS

Development and growth of teeth

DEVELOPMENT OF TOOTH

• Development of tooth begins in the stomodeum.

• During the 6th week of intra uterine life the stomodeum shows the formation of
primary epithelial band.
• On the 7th week of intra uterine life the primary epithelial band is divided into
two structures such as the vestibular lamina and dental lamina.
a. Vestibular lamina: It forms the vestibule.
The two vestibules formed are the buccal vestibule and the lingual vestibule.
b. Dental Lamina: The dental lamina shows proliferation of cells. At certain points
the dental lamina shows increased proliferation which is called as dental placodes.
The dental placodes represent the future tooth.
Morphologic stages of tooth development:
There are three developmental stages such as the
A. Bud stage
B. Cap stage
C. Bell stage

A. Bud stage: 00.05.28

• The extension of dental placode is called as the enamel organ.
• Based on the proliferation of the enamel organ the stages of tooth development
are named.
• The enamel organ is similar to a bud hence it is called as the bud stage.
• This is the first stage of tooth development.
• The bud stage has two sets of cells of which the outer cells are cuboidal cells
which then transform into low columnar shape cells and the centrally placed
cells polygonal cells.
• Surrounding cells shows condensation of ectomesenchyme which is called as
dental papilla.
• Dental papilla forms the dentin and pulp.
• Enamel organ helps in the formation of enamel.
B. Cap stage: 00.08.10
The enamel organ in this stage shows a downward growth.
• The growth of cells in this stage is uneven.
• The proliferation of the cells is seen on two ends of enamel organ assuming a
cap shaped structure.
• The cells which cover the convexity of the cap is called as the outer enamel
epithelium. The cells which cover the concavity is called as the inner enamel
epithelium.

Excel BDS Notes 1

EXCEL BDS Development and growth of teeth
• The outer enamel epithelium is cuboidal in shape and the inner enamel epithe-
lium cells are tall columnar in shape.
• The centrally placed cells assume a star shape that occur due to the hydrophilic
nature of the cells. These cells absorb the water into them and swell.
• The cells also try to separate from each other to accommodate the water.
• The centrally placed cells also try to act as cushion or shock absorber.
• These cells are maintaining the cytoplasmic extension and are called as stellate
reticulum cells.
• Dental papilla forms the dentin and pulp.
• Ectomesenchyme that covers the outer enamel epithelium forms the dental
sac/dental follicle.
• The dental follicle gives rise to structures such as cementum, periodontal liga-
ment and alveolar bone.
Bell stage: 00.13.06
a. Early bell stage
• The proliferation of cells is continued and the enamel organ assumes a bell
shape.
• The stellate reticulum is going on increasing because of absorption of water.
• Extension of dental lamina is completely lost leaving behind few remnants
which are called as cell rests of serre.
• Cells rests of serre on stimulation can lead to formation of any cyst or tumour.
• There is shift in the nucleus of tall columnar cells.
• Few cells of the inner enamel epithelium has divided into ameloblasts.
Inner enamel epithelium
Signal↓
Dental papilla
↓
Odontoblasts
↓
Dentin formation
• Outer enamel epithelium changes from cuboidal to low cuboidal in shape.
• Outer to enamel epithelium there is appearance of stratum intermedium.
Advanced bell stage:
• Collapsing of stellate reticulum begins.
• Due to the coalesce outer enamel epithelium and odontoblasts leads to the
formation of dentinoenamel junction(DEJ).
• Opposition or mineralization starts such as the hard structures are formed in
this stage along with root formation.
• 1st layer of dentin is laid down which is called as the mantle dentin.

2 Excel BDS Notes

EXCEL BDS Development and growth of teeth

• Dentin signals the ameloblasts to form enamel.

• Dentin formation moves pulpully towards the root surface or towards pulp.
• The enamel formation is over the dentin which is moving towards the cusps or cuspally.

Excel BDS Notes 3