EXPOSER

THEME: TOOTH EMBRYOLOGY

PRESENTED BY;
NKENGATEH JOYCELINE T.
MD4
F.M.B.S. YDE1

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OBJECTIVES.
 Capable of describing the tooth embryology,
 Know the different stages involve in the
tooth embrology.

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Plan
I. Introduction
 Definition
 Generalities
II. Early tooth developement
a) Developement of the primary epithelial
band
b) Developement of the vestibular band and
dental lamina
c) Developement of the tooth germ

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Bud
Cap
Bell
III. Developement of the dental tissues
a) Dentine formation(dentinogenesis)
 differentiation of odontoblast cells
 secretion of dentine matrix
 mineralisation of dentine
b) enamel formation(amelogenesis)

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  differentiation of ameloblast cells
 secretion of enamel matrix
 mineralisation of enamel
 enamel maturation
c) Cementum formation
IV. Tooth eruption
V. Mecanisms of tooth eruption
conclusion

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I. Introduction
Tooth embryology is defined as the formation
and developement of the tooth till eruption.
A basic understanding of the developement,
structure and relationship of the tissues and
structures which constitute the oral cavity
and its associated environment is
fundamental to the practice of clinical
dentistry.

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II. Early tooth developement
 Developement of the primary epithelial
band
During this period, the ectodermal
epithelium thickens in areas where the
teeth will eventually be form and
protrudes(saillir) in to the mesenchymal
cells forming the primary epithelial band.

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 Developement of the vestibular band and
dental lamina
at 7th week the primary epithelium band
develope two processes; vestibular band and
dental lamina. The vestibular forms buccally
and eventually the vestibule, seperating the
lips and cheeks(joue) from the teeth and
gingivae. The dental forms lingually and
develope in to an arch shape band on which
the tooth germ will develope.

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 Developement of the tooth germ
it developes in three stages; bud, cap, bell.
 Bud; formation of an enamel organs and each
of the organ will be responsible for the
developement of each tooth.
 Cap; as the enamel organs grows and
increase in size the inner aspect become
concave.

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by the late cap’s stage the inner aspect of
the enamel organe changes to form an inner
enamel epithelium and the outer layer will
be known as the outer enamel epithelium.
Under the inner enamel epithelium of
mesenchymal cells is term dental papilla
which eventually become the pulp. A fibrous
capsule surrounds each enamel organ and
this is termed the dental follicle this will
eventually become the periodontal ligament.

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 Bell; here the enamel consist of the
following
 Inner enamel epithelium; there are cells
lining the inner surface of the enamel
organe. It defines the shape of the crown
and eventually differentiate in to enamel
forming cells(ameloblast).
 Stratium intermedium; lies over the inner
epithelium and consist of 2or3 layers. It
transports nutrients to and from the
ameloblast.
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 Stellate reticulum; lies between the outer
epithelium and stratium intermedium. It
protects the underlyning dental tissues and
also maintain the shape of the tooth.
 The outer layer enamel epithelium; it lies on
the outer layer of the enamel organe. They
maintain the shape of the enamel organe.
The inner and outer epithelium grows
downward at the cervical loop where they
meet to form hertwigs roots sheath which
map out the shape of the root.

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 Atthe late bell stage, the dental lamina
disintedrates and is ready for the formation of
dental hard tissues. Dentine formation always
precede enamel formation.

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THE STAGES IN THE DEVELOPEMENT
OF THE TOOTH GERM

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III. Developement of the dental tissues
a) Dentine formation
 differentiation of odontoblast cells:
The inner epithelium induces cells at the periphery of
the dental papilla to differentiate in to columnar
odontoblast cells.
 Secretion of dentine matrix:
The odontoblast cells begine to secrete unmineralised
dentine matrix. The dentine matrix formed prior to
mineralisation is termed predentine. A narrow layer of
predentine is always present on the surface of the pulp.
 Mineralisation of dentine matrix:
During this period, the spherical zones of hydroxyapatite called
calcospherite are formed within the dentine matrix.

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 This calcospherite will fused to form
mineralised dentine. Dental tubules form
around each odontoblast process.
b) Enamel formation
 Differentiation of ameloblast cells:
Immediately after the first layer of dentine
matrix is formed(mantle dentine), the inner
enamel epithelium differentiate in to
ameloblast cells. At the secretory end there is
a pyramidal extension called the tomes’
process.

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 Secretion of the enamel matrix:
the enamel matrix is secreted throuth the
tomes’ process at the amelo-dentinal
junction.
 Mineralisation of enamel:

Calcium phosphates ions are secreted in to

the enamel matrix and mineralisation occurs
immediately. Hydroxyapatite crystallites are
formed. There is equally the formation of
enamel prism which contain millions of
crystallites.
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 Enamel maturation:
During maturation i.e from pre-enamel to mature
enamel, the enamel crystallites increases in size and
the organe content is reduced. On completion the
ameloblast loses the tomes’ process, flattens and
becomes the reduced enamel epithelium.
c) Cementum formation
When root dentine has formed, hiertwigs root sheath
degenerates allowing adjacent cells from the dental
follicle to come in to contact with the root dentine.
These cells differentiate in to cementoblast. The
cementoblasts secrete cementum matrix consisting
of amorphous ground substance and collagen fibres

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IV. Tooth eruption
Tooth eruption is the bodily movement of a
tooth from its position in to its functional
position in the oral cavity. It can be broken
down in to 2 phases:
 Pre-functional phase: during this phase,
crown formation is completed. As root
formation begins the developing tooth
contacts the opposing tooth in the opposite
jaw.

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 Functional eruptive phase: it contnues
throughout life due to funtional stages.
V. Mecanisms of tooth eruption
The eruptive force of the tooth eruption is
unnuclear, several theories have been put
forward, althouth there is little evidence to
support them, these are:
 Root growth generates a force beneath the
tooth, elevating the tooth towards the oral
cavity.

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 Remodelling and deposition of the bone
beneath the developing tooth push the tooth
upwards.
 Traction of the periodontal fibres exerts an
upward pull on the tooth.
 Cellular proliferation at the base of the pulp
creates pressure that pushes the tooth from
the dental follicle.
 An increase in tissue fluid or blood pressure
generates an eruptive force on the tooth.

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 Conclusion
Une bonne connaissance de base pour le
développement, la structure et la relation
des tissus et structure qui constitue la cavité
buccale est fondamental pour le praticien.
Sa lui permet d’apprécier les changement
pathologique qui peut influencé la structure
anatomique ou tissus ainsi va lui permettre
d’adapter un bon traitement.

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Thanks for your kind
attention

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