TOOTH DEVELOPMENT Dental lamina

• Proliferation of ectodermal cells in the basal

Oral Epithelium area at 6th week in utero
• stratified squamous epithelium lining the stomodeum (epithelial band) • Epithelial outgrowths into the ectomesenchyme
• roughly horseshoe shaped positioned to the future dental arches of the • Primordium of the tooth bud (ectodermal portion
upper and lower jaw of deciduous teeth)

Functions of dental lamina

• Initiates deciduous tooth development
• Initiates development of succedaneous
dentition
Vestibular Lamina • Initiates development of permanent molars
• Thickening of the oral epithelium on the buccal or labial surfaces of the from distal extension of dental lamina
dental
• lamina. Development starts/ initiated:
• Degenerates and leave a groove separating it from the teeth bearing are Primary Primary Dentition
buccally/ labially Dentition
• Gives rises to the outermost part of the oral cavity Succedaneous Non
succedaneous
6th 20th week (5th 4th month in utero
week months) in to 5 years after
to 8th utero to 1 birth
week months after
in birth
utero
 STAGES IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF A TOOTH

I. Growth stage
Physiologic Process Morphologic Process
a. Initiation Dental lamina
b. Proliferation Bud stage
c. Histodifferentiation Early cap stage
d. Morphodifferentiation Advanced cap stage
e. apposition Early bell stage
Advance bell stage
Enamel and dentin formation
II. Calcification
III. Eruption
IV. Attrition

4. Attrition
• The loss of tooth structure due to function
• Primary function of teeth – mastication
• If there is friction will bring attrition
• 2 types:
- 1. Physiological attrition
- Due to mastication
- 2. Pathological attrition
- Due to abnormal tooth to tooth contact with no food
- Bruxism
- May happen unconsciously during the night
- Caused by stress
- Pain in TMJ but not all
- Flattening of the cusps
• Erosion
- Loss of tooth structure due to acid from bacteria
- White discoloration, caries o Frequent vomiting, sodas
• Abrasion
- Loss of tooth structure due to mechanical forces
- Friction with outside oral cavity
- Brushing of tooth in wrong direction, biting or placing of
things on your teeth
2 types of (ectomesenchymal cells) cells: • Proliferation of tooth bud would give differentiation to happen to
1. Epithelial cells the cap stage
• Blue color in the diagram • Proliferation of cap stage would give rise to the bell stage
• Origin of enamel
2. Mesenchymal cell (ectomesenchyme)
• Red color in the diagram
• Origin of dentin, pulp, cementum, and other parts of
periodontium

Oral epithelium
• There is a u-shaped epithelium found in the upper and lower jaw
• It would give rise to two types:
- Vestibular lamina
- Dental lamina (would be formed first)

Tooth bud
• Outgrowth of dental lamina and primordium of teeth
• Caused by the proliferation of the dental lamina
• In between the tooth bud and oral epithelium is the dental lamina
• Primordium of teeth
• Proliferation of dental lamina would give rise to tooth bud
Bud stage • 2 distinct layer of cells
• Proliferation, morphodifferentiation • Outer dental epithelium—outer layer of cells in the dome
• Existing structures that can be seen: shape; cuboidal in shape
o Dental lamina • Inner dental epithelium – columnar shape
• With invagination
o Oral epithelium
Tooth germ is composed of:
o Ectomessenchymal cells
• Dental organ is from the proliferation of tooth bud and
Cap stage----- Tooth germ can be seen in cap stage appearing as cap-shaped.
• Dental organ is composed of epithelial cells
• Dental organ would give rise to the enamel

• Dental papilla came from the formation of

ectomesenchymal cells near the invaginated part in the
cap stage
• Dental papilla are tissues formed by ectomesenchymal
cells
• Dental papilla would give rise to dentin and pulp

• Dental sac would enclose the whole dental organ and

dental papilla
• Dental sac would give rise to periodontium specifically
the segmentum, and periodontal ligament

Function of the dental organ

1. Determines shape of the crown
Early Cap stage 2. Initiates dentin formation
• There is growth and increase in the appearance
3. Responsible for enamel formation
Tooth germ 4. Important in root formation
Dental organ • Hertwig’s would give rise to the root
• Made up of Formative tissue: 5. establishes the dentogingival junction
• Proliferation of tooth bud will cause the formation of dental organ • Tooth is separated by gingiva
• Enamel
 Late Cap stage
• It has wider and bigger dental organ because of cells
• Presence of stellate reticulum would determine the late cap stage
• Stellate reticulum are epithelial cells found in the center between
the outer and inner dental epithelium
• Stella reticulum are star-shaped starting as flat cells during
development
• Due to the influx of intercellular fluid would cause stellate
reticulum to be stretched out and would be star shaped.
• Proliferation would still occur

Early Cap stage

• There is growth and increase in the appearance
• Can be determine with the presence of invagination of the dental
organ

Transient structures:
• Enamel navel
- There is a double-stranded dental lamina
- An area bounded by two dental lamina
- Also known as enamel niche
• Enamel cord
- Extension of enamel knot
- Germinal center of cells
• Enamel knot
- Is composed of epithelial cells found just above the
invaginated part of the dental organ and center of dental organ.
- Germinal center of cells
 • Not all teeth would have transient structures.
• Transient structures can be seen during late cap stage and little bit Early Bell stage
of early bell stage • Outer Dental epithelium
- Maintains shape of the dental organ
- Exchange of substances between dental organ and
environment

• Morphodifferentiation stops at the early bell stage

• The area of outer dental epithelium would interact with the
ectomesenchyme region and would form capillary plexus
• Capillary plexus/ Capillary network of plexus would provide
nourishment to the whole epithelium.

• Stellate Reticulum
• Amount of intercellular fluid between cells increases
• Collapses before enamel formation begins
- Collapse would happen due to the growth of enamel
• This change starts at the tip of the cusps and progresses
cervically

• Stratum Intermedium
Bell stage • 3-4 layers of squamous cells between IDE and SR
Stage of histodefferentiation and morphodifferentiation • Attached by desmosomes
4 present cells present during bell stage: • Would provide stimulus for the formation of ameloblasts
• IDE-columnar cells, will become ameloblast
• ODE-low columnar cells/ cuboidal cells • Inner Dental Epithelium
Functions to transmit nutritional substances fr DS inside • Tall columnar cells
• SR-star shaped, contains tonofibrils that give protective and - Tall columnar cells would later on differentiate and would
supportive function, serves a space for developing enamel turn into ameloblasts
• SI-provides stimulus for the ameloblasts and help in enamel • Cells exerts an organizing influence on the underlying
formation mesenchymal cells in the DP that will later differentiate into
ondontoblasts
- Nearest peripheral cells would later differentiate and turn
• It happens when there is a continuous proliferation of the dental into odontoblasts
organ
• Dental organ in bell stage would appear as bell
 Cervical loop
• (fusion of IDE and ODE)
• IDE- will differentiate into ameloblast cells

• Histodifferentiation could also be used to determine during late bell

stage
• Histodifferentiation- there is a change in the substance of certain
cells

• Ectomesenchymal cells would also differentiate and turn into

odontoblasts cells

Reciprocal induction
(Interdependence)
• IDE becomes ameloblasts
• Ameloblasts stimulates peripheral undifferentiated mesenchymal
cells of DP to differentiate into odontoblasts
• Odontoblasts secretes the dentinal matrix
• Ameloblasts secretes enamel matrix

Late Bell Stage

Fate of dental lamina
• resorb by osteoclast
• remains as epithelial tissue to become band of Serres, tumor, cysts,
enamel mass, supernumerary teeth.

• There is histodifferentiation
• The dental lamina would be thinning out and lose contact between
dental lamina and dental organ.
• Some of the ectomesenchymal cells would turn into osteoclast

Cervical loop- meeting point of outer and inner dental epithelium