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Tendency
1
2
1. Arithmetic Mean
´The Mean is the arithmetic average of data
values
Advantages
• Easy to calculate.
• Easy to understand.
Disadvantages
• Effected by extreme values.
5
2. The Median
The median is the number that divides the data
series into two equal parts.
Advantages
• Not Effected by extreme values.
Disadvantages
• Requires more effort to determine when
compared with mean.
6
3.The Mode
The mode is defined as the most frequently
occurring category or score in the distribution
Advantages
• Can be used with categorical data.
Disadvantages
•Might not exist in some data sets.
•Might not be unique.
7
1.Mean(Arithmetic Average)
∑𝑋 ∑𝑥
𝜇= 𝑥̅ =
𝑁 𝑛
Where: Where:
N no. of population n no. of sample
9 Ungrouped data
Example(1)
You have the following data
35 45 30 35 40 25
Find:
a) Arithmetic Mean
b) Geometric mean
c) Median
d) Mode
10 solution
a) Arithmetic mean
∑"
𝑥̅ =
#
$%&'%&$(&$%&'(&)%
= = 35
*
11
#&+ # #
+1
) ) )
12
b) Median
1) Order the data from smallest to largest
25 , 30 , 35 , 35 , 40 , 45
2) n = 6 , so it is even
! #
order of Md between = =3
" "
! #
+1= +1=4
" "
$%&$%
3) Md = "
= 35
13 3- The Mode (Mo)
c) Mode
The value that accurse most often in the data set
so, Mode = 35
15 4. The geometric mean
!
𝑥' = 𝑥( ×𝑥" … . .×𝑥!
Where:
n no. of sample
x the values
16
d) Geometric mean
!
𝑥' = 𝑥( ×𝑥" … . .×𝑥!
"
= 35×45×30×35×40×25
= 34.39
17
Example(2)
a) Arithmetic mean
∑" $%&%''%(%)%*%'++
𝑥̅ = #
= *
= 20.86
b) Mode
there is no mode
19
c) Median
a. Order the data from smallest to largest
5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 11, 100
b. n = 7 , so it is odd
!&( )&(
so, order of Md = "
= "
=4
Md = 8
20
Example(3)
a) Arithmetic mean
∑" ''%'+%'+%)%)%,%)%'+%,%(
𝑥̅ = #
= '+
= 7.9
b) Mode
Mo = 10, 9
22
c) Median
1) Order the data from smallest to largest
3, 3, 5, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11
2) n = 10 , so it is even
# '+
order of Md between -
= - =5
# '+
-
+1= - +1 =6
)%)
3) Md = -
=9