Statistics II

By V. Murali

Mean
- The mean of a set of data is also called the average.
Mean =

Example 1
Find the mean of 33, 64, 75, 82 and 91.

Solution
Add all the values, and divide by the number of values in the set of data, which is 5.
Mean =

=
= 69
So, the mean of the set of data is 69.

Median
- The median of a set of data is the middle value found by ordering them from least
to greatest.
- If the data has an odd number of values, the middle value in this ordering is the
median.
Example 2
The tallest 7 trees in a park have heights in meters of 41, 60, 47, 42, 44, 42, and 47. Find
the median of their heights.

Solution
Rearrange the data in ascending order
41, 42, 42, 44, 47, 47, 60.

The middle value

The number of heights is 7, so the middle value is the 4th number.
Therefore, the median is 44.

- If there is an even number of values, the median is the sum of the two middle
values, divided by 2.
Example 2
The students in a Silat class have the following ages: 4, 29, 4, 3, 4, 11, 16, 14, 17, 3. Find
the median of their ages.

Solution
Rearrange the data in ascending order.
3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 11, 14, 16, 17, 29.
The middle values

The number of ages is 10, so the middle values are 4 and 11, which are the 5th and 6th
place in the ordered data.
The median is the average of these two numbers:
(4 + 11) 2 = 15 2 = 7.5
Therefore, the median is 7.5.

Mode
- The mode in a data is the value that occurs most often.

Example 3
The children in a play ground have the following ages: 5, 9, 1, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 3. Find the
mode of their ages.

Solution
The most common number to appear on the set of data is 6 (5, 9, 1, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 3.),
which appears three times. No other number appears that many times.
Therefore, the mode of the set of data is 6.

Example 4
Three dice are rolled 12 times. The sum of the numbers after each roll is recorded in the
following table.
Roll Sum
1 12
2 11
3 4
4 3
5 12
6 17
7 8
8 12
9 7
10 5
11 13
12 4

Find the mean, median and mode of the set of the data above.
Solution

Step 1: Rearrange the data values.

3, 4, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12 ,12, 12, 13, 17

Step 2: Find the mean.

Step 3: Find the median.

The set of data has even number of value, there are 12 data values.
The median is the average value of the sixth and the seventh values.

median = (8+11) 2 = 9.5

Step 4: Find the mode.

The number 3 occurs once.

The number 4 occurs twice.
The number 5 occurs once.
The number 7 occurs once.
The number 8 occurs once.
The number 11 occurs once.
The number 12 occurs three times.
The number 13 occurs once.
The number 17 occurs once.

mode = 12

Example 5

The multiple-choice test scores of the students in Mr. Rouse's chemistry class are recorded in
the following histogram.
Find the mean, median, and mode, of the data in the above histogram.

Solution

Step 1: Rearrange the data elements.

64, 64, 68, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 76, 76, 76, 76, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84,
84, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 96, 96, 96, 100

Step 2: Find the mean.

mean =

=
= 83.30
Therefore, the mean for the set of data is 83.30.

Step 3: Find the median.

The set of data has even number of value, there are 46 data values.
The median is the average value of the twenty-third and the twenty-fourth values.

median = (84+84) 2 = 84
Therefore, the median for the set of data is 84.

Step 4: Find the mode.

The score 64 occurs twice.

The score 68 occurs once.
The score 72 occurs five times.
The score 76 occurs four times.
The score 80 occurs seven times.
The score 84 occurs seven times.
The score 88 occurs nine times.
The score 92 occurs seven times.
The score 96 occurs three times.
The score 100 occurs once.

Therefore, the mode for the set of data is 88.

Test your self

Visit To Port Dickson Beach

22
20
Number of people

18
16
(thousands)

14
12 Children
10 Adult
8
6
4
2
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr
Month

1. The bar chart above shows the number of people who went Port Dickson Beach
from January to April. Calculate
a) the total number of children
b) the fraction of total adults to total number of people.

2. The table below shows the favourite flavours of ice cream of 240 people.

Flavour Chocolate Coffee Strawberry Vanilla Others

Number of
68 58 48 38 28
People

Illustrate the information above using a pie chart.

3. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the following data.

 a) 7, 8, 13, 3, 10, 10, 15, 4, 8, 11, 9, 10
b) 9, 12, 9, 11, 12, 12, 15, 12, 9, 7

4.

Score of Test 1

6
Number of Students

5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Points

The line graph above shows the points of students in Test 1 of a quiz. Find the
a) mode
b) median
c) mean

Answers

1.
a) the total number of children = 25 000
b) the fraction of total adults to total number of people =

2.
 Favourite Flavours of Ice Cream of
240 People

Chocolate
Coffee
Strawberry
Vanilla
Others

3. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the following data.

a) Mean =
=9
Median = 3, 4, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 13, 15
=
= 9.5
Mode = 10

b) 9, 12, 9, 11, 12, 12, 15, 12, 9, 7

Mean =
= 10.8
Median = 7, 9, 9, 9, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 15
=
= 11.5
Mode = 12

4.
a) Mode =3
b) Median = 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6
=3
c) Mean =
= 3.35