average (Mean) = add them all up and divide by the total amount of numbers.

Example : 11, 7, 11, 18, 9, 7, 6, 23, 7

 
Average (Mean) =   = = 11

 
Range = largest number smallest number

Example : 11, 7, 11, 18, 9, 7, 6, 23, 7

range = 23 ‒ 6 = 17
Median = the middle value

Note : the total amount of number is odd 6, 7, 7, 7, 9, 11, 11, 18, 23

Median : 9

the total amount of number is even 6, 7, 7, 7, 9, 11, 11, 18, 23, 26

Median :  
9+11
=10
2
* 6, 4, 3, 1, 2, 8, 5, 7 (Put all the numbers in order)
 4+5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Median : =4.5
2
Mode = most common value (modal = highest frequency)

Example : 6, 7, 7, 7, 9, 11, 11, 18, 23

Mode : 7
1. The ages, in years, of a group of students are given in the box.
15 15 12 15 13 11 13 15 14 15 11

Work out : (a) the mode (b) the range (c) the mean (d) the median

11 11 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 15

(a) the mode = 15

(d) the median = 14

(b) the range = 15 ‒ 11 = 4

11 + 11 + 12 + 13 +13 + 14 + 15 + 15 +15 + 15 + 15   =
 
  13.545
(c) the mean ¿
11
 A die is thrown 10 times. These are the results:
3   6 1 2 6 4   2  5  6  1
Work out (a) the mean (b) the mode (c) the median (d) the range.

 1 1 2 2 3 4 5  6   6   6 

1 + 1 + 2 + 2  +   3 + 4 + 5 + 6  +  6  +  6  =

 
(a) the mean ¿   3.6
10

(b) the mode = 6

   
(c) the median = = = 3.5

(d) the range = 6 ‒ 1 = 5

9 people take a test. Their scores out of 100100 are:
56 79 77 48 90 68 79 92 71 56 79 77 48 90 68 79 92 71
Work out the mean, median, range and mode of their scores.

48 48 56 56 68 68 71 71 77 77 79 79 79 79 90 90 92
92
(a) the mean¿  48  +  48  +  56  + 56  +  68  +  68  +  71  +  71+  77  + 77 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 79 + 90 + 90 + 92 + 92 
18
 =   73.333

   
(b) the median = = = 77

(c) the range = 92 ‒ 48 =

44
(d) the mode = 79
Stem and Leaf diagram

 The stem-and-leaf display is drawn with two columns separated by a vertical line.

 The stems are listed to the left of the vertical line. (in ascending order)

 The leaf contains only the last digit of the number and the stem contains all of the other

digits.

 The leaves are listed in increasing order in a row to the right of each stem. 

 Don’t forget to put ‘Key’.

Example: After several months of growth, Kim measures the height in centimetres of
each of her plants. Their heights are given below:
43 14 22 36 35 29 48 10 22 36 35 29 
19 24 31 35 41 47 14 24 32 35 41 47
 a. Draw a stem and leaf diagram for Kim’s data.

1 0 4 4 9 b. Use your diagram to answer these questions.

2 2 2 4 4 9 9 i How many of plants were more than 35 cm tall? 8
3 1 2 5 5 5 5 6 6
ii What percentage of the plants were less than 29cm tall?
4 1 1 3 7 7 8  
100 = 33.333 %

Key: 1 4 means 14 cm
c. Find
i the mode 35 cm

ii the range 48 – 10 = 38 cm

iii the median 33.5 cm

Exercise: These are the number of days books in a library were borrowed for:
5 15 13 8 31 24 21 35 19 11
18 17 4 22 15 17 21 24 3 15
 a. Draw a stem and leaf diagram for this data.

0 3 4 5 8
1 1 3 5 5 5 7 7 8 9
2 1 1 2 4 4
3 1 5

Key: 1 1 means 11 days

b. Books are initially lent for 3 weeks. How many books needed to be renewed? 4
c. Find
i the mode 15 days

ii the range 35 – 3 = 32 days

iii the median 7 days
 Exercise:  A farmer weighs all the calves that his cows have produced.  Their weights in
pounds are shown in the stem and leaf diagram below:

a)  What is the range of the calves’ weights? 50 pounds

b)  What is the modal calf weight? 121 pounds

c)  To the nearest pound, what is the mean calf weight?

114 pounds

d)  The farmer forgot to include the weight of his favourite calf, Derek, who has a weight
of 156156 pounds.  If the farmer includes Derek in his data, how will it affect the mean weight?

The mean weight of the 24 calves is 114 pounds. Introducing another calf to the data set that is
greater than 114 pounds will increase the mean weight of the calves.
Exercise: The head of modern languages is looking at the year 11 mock exam results for French
and Spanish. The results are shown below in the stem and leaf diagram:
        
  median for French = 65

median for Spanish = 60

 
100 = 8 %

The median French score is greater than the Spanish

score, the median French score is 8% greater than the
median Spanish score.

a)  What is the modal score for Spanish? 57

b)  What is the difference between the range for French and the range for Spanish?
87 – 42 = 45 89 – 32 = 57
c)  By what percentage is the median for French greater / less than the median score for Spanish? 
State whether the percentage amount is greater or less than the median Spanish score.
Example: Megan owns a bakery. She counts the number of customers she has
each day at lunchtime on 30 consecutive days. The results are shown here.

14
Number of customers Frequency
13
0-5 6 12
11
6 -10 14
10
11 - 15 9 9
8
16 - 20 1

Frequency
7

a. Draw a frequency diagram to display this data. 6

5
4
b. What is the modal class? 6 -10 3
2
1

0 0-5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20

Number of customers
Example: The table shows some information about the weights, in kg, of
100 boxes. Draw a frequency polygon to show this information.

Weight of box ( kg) Frequency Midpoint

30
0<w 4 10 2
4<w 8 17 6
25
8 < w 12 28 10
12 < w 16 25 14
20
16 < w 20 20 18

15

Frequency
Write down the modal class interval
 8 < w 12 10

  Midpoint ==
Midpoint
0
4 8 12 16 20
Weight of box (kg)
Exercise: In one month, Janet travelled by bus 25 times and by train 25 times. The grouped
frequency table records the number of minutes (x minutes) late each of her buses and trains were.

Minutes late Bus Train Midpoint

0 x<5 5 9 2.5
5 x < 10 15 6 7.5

Frequency
10 x < 15 4 6 12.5
15 x < 20 1 2 17.5
20 x < 25 0 3 22.5

(a) On the grid below draw two frequency polygons

to illustrate this data.

Minutes late (x minutes)

Example: The table shows some information about the weights, in kg, of
100 boxes. Work out the estimate for the mean and the range.
 Estimate mean =
Weight of box ( kg) Frequency (f) Midpoint (x) f×x

100 < w 150 10 125 1250

150 < w 200 17 175 2975
f = frequency
200 < w 250 28 225 6300
250 < w 300 25 275 6875 x = midpoint
300 < w 350 20 325 6500  f = total frequency
100 23900
 x = sum of (frequency × midpoint)
estimate mean =  = 239 kg

estimate range = 350 – 100 = 250 kg

Exercise: Cindy asked a collection of people how many hours they spent playing video games in the last week.
Her results are shown in the table below.
Estimate the mean and range number of hours spent playing video games from Cindy’s sample.

57 442

estimate mean =  = 7.75 hours

estimate range = 20 hours

Exercise: The frequency polygon shows information on how long people spend in a gym. Calculate an estimate
of the mean time spent in the gym.

 = 90

 x = 5500

 = 61.1 minutes
estimate mean =

 Estimate mean =
Lower Quartile, Median and Upper Quartile

25% 25%
50% 25%
75% 25%

1 2 4 7 8 8 10 14 15 17 17
  1   2 3 Note:
 
4 4 4 1. Ascending order
Lower quartile Median Upper quartile 2. Find median
3. Median of lower and upper
median = 8
  half
Lower quartile = nth term
lower quartile = 4 Median = nth term

upper quartile = nth term

upper quartile = 15

interquartile range = 11
interquartile range = upper quartile – lower quartile
Box plot
Ex. Percentage achieved in a Statistics test, work out

78 82 74 45 68 75 93 54 61 70 48 66 62 51 77

1. Median 2. the upper quartile 3. the lower quartile and 4. the interquartile range.

Draw a box plot to represent the data.

45 48 51 54 61 62 66 68 70 74 75 77 78 82 93

1. Median = 68

77
2. the upper quartile =

54
3. the lower quartile =

4. the interquartile range = 77 – 54 = 23

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Percentage achieved in a Statistics test
Ex. Minutes per day spent playing computer games, work out

40 26 60 64 33 39 28 46 47 51 55

1. Median 2. the upper quartile 3. the lower quartile and 4. the interquartile range.

Draw a box plot to represent the data.

26 28 33 39 40 46 47 51 55 60 64

1. Median = 46

55 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
2. the upper quartile =
Minutes per day spent playing computer games
33
3. the lower quartile =

4. the interquartile range = 55 – 33 = 22

Ex. The box plot shows the time taken (in minutes) to solve a crossword puzzle.

Work out 1. Median 2. the upper quartile 3. the lower quartile 4. the interquartile range and 5. the range.

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Time taken (in minutes) to solve a crossword puzzle

1. Median = 17

24
2. the upper quartile =

8
3. the lower quartile =

4. the interquartile range = 24 – 8 = 16

39 – 3 =36
5. the range =
Cumulative frequency: the sum of consecutive frequencies
Example: This table shows the results of a Geography test taken by 50 students.
Draw a cumulative frequency graph for this data.
a. Use the graph to estimate i the median ii the lower quartile and iii the upper quartile
42 30 53
b. Work out i the range ii the interquartile.
80 23

Cumulative
Mark frequency frequency
0 < t ≤ 20 5 5

20 < t ≤ 40 22 27

40 < t ≤ 60 14 41
50
60 < t ≤ 80 9
• https://mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/gcse-maths-revision/stem-and-leaf-diagrams-revision/
• https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/63580756/year-9-textbook-answers
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zc7sb82/revision/1