1.

1 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOTRADE IN UCAYALI

Biotrade is a relatively new concept that has been well received in our country,
and is oriented towards the promotion of trade and investment in biodiversity
products. This work aims to support the development of economic activity at the
local level, through strategic alliances and the generation of added value for the
national and international market, with criteria of social equity and economic
profitability. It has a National Committee, and at the Amazonian level, the IIAP is
the Focal Point. Biotrade is a set of activities for the collection, production,
transformation and commercialization of goods and services derived from native
biodiversity that involve conservation practices and environmental, social and
economic sustainability criteria.
In terms of value of the total production of Ucayali, the following FRUITS stand
out
1.1.1 Plátano:
In 2011, banana production was 211 thousand tons, 17.1 percent lower
than in the previous year, due to lower harvested areas (-26.9 percent)
as a result of the loss of plantations due to the floods that occurred in
February 2011. The area planted with bananas during the 2010-2011
season totaled 990 hectares, 9.8% lower than in the previous season,
mainly due to the floods that occurred in February 2011
1.1.2 Papaya:
Papaya production was 26 thousand tons in 2011, down 66.1 percent
from the previous year, as a result of lower harvested areas (-66.6
percent) due to the negative impact of floods and phytosanitary
problems. The area planted with papaya in the 2010-2011 season
amounted to 300 hectares, 64.8 percent less than in the previous
season.
1.1.3 Cacao:
Cocao has generated a great opportunity for development because many
areas of the region were dedicated to illicit activities such as coca
cultivation, but have switched to cocao production.
The entire Ucayali region produces a total of 2,904 tons of cocoa. This
year there are plans to plant 9,000 hectares of fine and aromatic cocao,
thus expanding the agricultural frontier.

(Agraria.pe) Around 20 thousand hectares of coco in different varieties

were planted in the Ucayali region, half of which are already in
production, generating development in the provinces of Padre Abad,
Coronel Portillo, Atalaya and Purús.

However, in this opportunity we will work with the following fruits: cocoa,
camucamu and aguaje.
1.2. Characteristic, commercialization and biocommercial impact of
Amazonian fruits
Cacao (Theobroma cacao)
 Origin: The center of origin of cocoa is somewhere in the Amazon,
where the Napo, Putumayo and Caqueta rivers, tributaries of the
Amazon, originate.
 Distribution: Cacao is grown mainly in Africa, Central and South
America, Asia and Oceania. Approximately 68% of world cocoa
production occurs in Africa, with Côte d`Ivoire being the leading country,
followed by Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon.
 Description: They are characterized by their fruits with soft shells and
round seeds, white to violet, sweet and pleasant flavor. The surface of
the fruit has ten marked longitudinal grooves, five of which are deeper
than those alternating with them. The spines are prominent, warty and
irregular.
 General characteristics: The ripening period of the fruit ranges from
four to six months, depending on the altitude above sea level and
temperature. The first harvest is concentrated in the months of October,
November and December, and the second during March and April.
 Marketing: Ucayali is the third largest cocoa-producing region in the
country (14% of the total) after San Martín (40%) and Junín (18%).
Cocoa production in Peru and Ucayali has been growing steadily in
recent years, reaching 152,000 MT and 22,000 MT, respectively, in
2020. In 2020, Peru exported 55.4 thousand MT of cocoa beans for
US$150 million, of which 3% came from the Ucayali region (US$5.2
million).
 Camucamu (Myrciaria dubia)

 Origin: it is the western Amazon, and the greatest source of genetic

diversity is found in the Peruvian Amazon. The species is widely
distributed in the Amazon basin, mainly in the margins of rivers and lakes
in Peru, Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela.
 Distribution: In Peru, natural populations of shrubby camu camu camu
have been identified in the Nanay, Itaya, Napo, Putumayo, Yavari,
Marañon and Ucayali rivers.
 Description: Red fruit with a purple hue, reminiscent of jaboticaba, camu
camu can be found in almost all of the Brazilian Amazon, appearing as a
small shrub, which can reach 4 to 8 meters in height. However, its
natural distribution in greater concentration is in the Peruvian Amazon.
 General characteristics: In its composition, it has various bioactive
compounds such as carotenoids, antioxidants, vitamins and phenolic
compounds such as anthocyanins and tannins, which give it the
characteristics of a functional food. It also has beneficial properties for
the health of those who consume it, since it is considered a powerful
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial; it is also a great ally
against cardiovascular diseases and for people who suffer from obesity;
research shows its positive effect in the treatment of the initial stages of
diabetes, in addition to offering other benefits. The objective of this
review was to study the literature on Camu-camu as a functional food
that contributes to improve the quality of life due to its positive impact on
health.
 Commercialization: Due to the lack of conservation techniques for fresh
fruit and the difficulties in transporting the cargo at an economic cost to
the larger markets in the highlands and coast of Peru, camu-camu is not
yet present in national markets in the form of direct consumption, except
in its own locality (Iquitos) and in a more incipient form in Pucallpa. In
1987, INIA determined that the local market for the fruit for direct
consumption was approximately 30 MT/year in Iquitos and 15 MT/year in
Pucallpa. Primary research has confirmed that these figures have not
changed significantly.
Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa)
 Origin: CALZADA (1980), states that the center of origin of this palm
tree are the swamps formed by the Marañón, Huallaga and Ucayali rivers
in their middle part, places called aguajales.
 Distribution: VILLACHICA (1996), indicates that the aguaje is
distributed throughout the Amazon, extending north to the Orinoco Basin,
the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago; to the south it extends to the Brazilian
Cenado, reaching the southern Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Sao
Paolo; to the east it is found on the Brazilian coast; and to the west in the
valleys of the Andean Peidemonte in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and
Peru.
 Description: CODESU (2001), states that the aguaje fruit is a drupe,
rounded or elliptical in shape, measuring 5 to 7cm. in length and 4 to 5
cm in diameter, the weight varies from 40 to 85 g. The fruit is covered by
a shell (pericarp) of rhomboid-shaped, shiny and smooth, brown to dark
red scales, which contains a yellow, orange or reddish orange pulp, 4 to
6 mm. thick, sweet and sour, oily, starchy consistency. The clusters
occur in number from two to eight, and the average weight is 40 kg
(VILLACHICA, 1996).
 General characteristics: The fruit is used directly for human
consumption, and the leaves are used to obtain fibers for domestic use
and handicrafts. The leaves are also used for roofing and the petioles are
used to obtain pulp for paper (IIAP, 1997).
 Commercialization: A basic survey report of microenterprises that
manufacture lollipops and ice cream in the city of Pucallpa, carried out by
CODESU (2001) states that: The preference in terms of demand for
aguaje, they state that 58% buy aguaje in fruit, because processed more
pulp is obtained resulting to be more economical to the company and
with less risk of fermentation; while 42% of those interviewed state that
they prefer to buy in mass because it is less hours of work, the use is
immediate and it is easier to discard waste (shell).
The regional direction of agriculture of ucayali through an institutional
agreement will realize the project called circulating in the amazon, a work plan
that worldwide was launched in two parts of Peru, being Ucayali one of the
regions chosen through the amazon 2.0 program, which will benefit the biotrade
in the country and in our city.
In this new project, several companies and regional, local and international
governmental institutions bet on taking biotrade to another level in the new way
of doing business in the region involving agriculture.
The project of the consortium integrated by Terra Nuova, the Chamber of
Commerce, Industry and Tourism of Ucayali, Cospe and ANPE Peru, will
contribute to the development of a circular economy model in the Ucayali and
San Martin economic corridor, prioritizing four productive chains: camu camu,
aguaje, aji charapita and coconut. The initiative has three strategic components:
Circular economy and bioproducts; Clusters and biotrade; and Ecotourism
specialized in agrotourism. These components are managed and developed in
coordination with strategic allies such as the National Agrarian University La
Molina - UNALM, AITR, MINAM, PRODUCE and MINCETUR, has a duration of
4 years (2021 - 2024), this project aims to contribute to the development and
implementation of a model of circular economy and low carbon, based on the
management and sustainable use of Amazonian biodiversity resources and
aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of producers, businessmen
and businesswomen and the population in the Ucayali and San Martin
economic corridor.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
- Vázquez,R(2007). Characterization of the Geographic - Phenotypic
Variation of Mauritia flexuosa L.F (Aguaje) in 03 Sectors of the Ucayali
Region - Peru (Thesis for degree). UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
AGRARIA DE LA SELVA.

- Imán, S y Correa.(2001).Cultivation of camucamu, Myrciaria dubia

H.B.K. http://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/bitstream/20.500.12955/894/1/Iman-
Cultivo_Camu_Camu.pdf

- Ministerio De comercio exterior y turismo (2020). Reporte de comercio

exterior en Ucayali, anual 2020.
https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/1975846/Reporte%20de
%20Comercio%20-%20Reporte%20Comercio%20Regional%20-
%20RCR%20-%20Ucayali%202020%20-%20Anual.pdf
-