Antisurge & Performance Control (AS&PC)

An axial or centrifugal compressor can be severely damaged if process conditions reduce its
gross flow below a minimum surge limit, and can also be damaged by conditions that would
require flow rates in excess of a maximum choke limit. Each compressor needs an Antisurge
Control Application to protect it from surge (and choke) and a Performance Control
Application to regulate its capacity.

Antisurge
Control
Application (AS)
The only way to
prevent surge is to
recycle or blowoff flow to keep the operating point away from the surge limit. Because
compressing this extra flow entails an economic penalty, the control system must accurately
determine how close the compressor is to surging and then maintain an adequate but not
excessive flow rate. Our unique combination of surge prediction and antisurge control
algorithms protect your machines with the smallest possible recycle rates.

Performance Control Application (PC)

The primary function of a compressorÿs performance controller is to regulate its throughput
as required to keep a capacity control variable equal to a desired set point.

For additional questions please contact CCC satellite office near you

Steam Turbine & Extraction Control (ST&EX)

[ Vanguard | Reliant | Series 3++ | Series 3 Plus ]

In principle, axial and centrifugal turbines and expanders are the opposite of their
turbocompressor counterparts. Instead of using energy from a spinning shaft to compress a
low-pressure gas flow, they take energy from high-pressure steam or gas flows and transfer
it to rotating shafts. Multisection turbines have additional ports where steam can flow in or
out at intermediate pressures. These require Extraction Control Applications for each
extraction or induction stream.
 Steam Turbine
Control
Application (ST)
The basic objective of a steam turbine speed controller is to vary the flow of steam to keep
the turbine operating at some desired speed, regardless of variations in the load imposed on
its driven equipment or the quality of the steam. In some applications that speed is fairly
constant, in others it is continuously varied as a means of achieving another control
objective.

Extraction Control Application (EX)

Multisection turbines require an additional control loop to regulate each extraction/induction
port's pressure or flow. A Series 5 Control System for such a turbine combines a Speed
Control Application with the required number of Extraction Control Applications to regulate its
speed and the volumetric, mass, or square root or pressure in each extraction header.

For additional questions please contact CCC satellite office near you

Gas Turbine Control (GT)

[ Vanguard | Reliant ]

Fundamentally, gas turbines convert the chemical energy of one or more fuel flows (gas or
liquid) into kinetic energy by transferring it to one or more rotating shafts. Incorporating
both a turbocompressor and an expansion turbine, along with an intermediate combustion
chamber that is often on the verge of either melting or flaming out, they are the most
difficult of all turbomachines to control.

Gas Turbine
Control Application
The basic objective of a gas turbine fuel controller is to keep the turbine operating at some
desired speed, regardless of variations in its load or the quality of its fuel. As with steam
turbines, this is often implemented using a cascade scheme that manipulates the speed set
point as needed to maintain the desired value of some other process variable, such as a
compressorÿs discharge pressure.

For additional questions please contact CCC satellite office near you

Utility Turbine Control (UTC)

[ Vanguard | Reliant ]

The Series 5 Utility Turbine Control Applications provide a comprehensive set of control
functions for steam turbines driving a utility generator. The Utility Turbine Control (UTC)
function ("Load" control), Intercept Valve (IV) control function, Power Load Unbalance (PLU)
function, Valve Management (VM) function, and Position control function work in conjunction
with Series 5 Speed and Extraction Controllers to provide coordinated control of all aspects of
steam turbine operation, from start-up through shutdown.

For additional
questions please
contact CCC
satellite office near you

Expander Control (PRT)

[ Vanguard | Reliant ]

The Series 5 Expander Control Applications provide a comprehensive set of control functions
for power recovery trains. A typical power recovery train (PRT) includes a flue-gas expander,
a main air blower, and a synchronous or inductive motor/generator. Some also include a
steam turbine or an auxiliary motor-driven air blower for starting the unit. PRTs are
commonly
employed in
fluidized-bed
catalytic cracking
units (FCCUs).
For additional questions