~ GDW

~ --------
called "deck-launched interceptors," or
DU.
Players must declare flights to be on
DU alert at the start of a turn. Place any
DU alert flights from land airbases in the
hex of the airbase under the CAP. Place
any carrier-based DLI alert aircraft in
plain view of your opponent to the side
of your Base Chart.
A flight of aircraft committed to DLI may
not fly any other missions during the turn .
Aircraft used as DLI cannot attack as
quickly, since they are held on deck. DU
aircraft attack enemy aircraft or missiles
at the same time as the long-range
SAMs. This means they can fire at long-
range ASMs or at aircraft carrying short-
range ASMs or bombs.
Deck-launched interceptors may only
be used to defend against attacks on the
base or task force from which they are
launched.
Escort: Fighters may fly escort mis-
sions forfriendlytactical aircraft launched
from the same task force or base as the
fighters.
A flight of aircraft committed to escort
duty may not fly any other mission dur-
ing the turn.
Escort fighters may not carry bombs
orASMs.
The player launching an attack de-
clares which flights (if any) in the mission
are escorts. Escorts defend mission
aircraft by occupying the attention of
enemy CAP and DU aircraft.
CAP and DU aircraft first fight a round
of air to air combat with the escorts. At
the end of that round of combat, one
surviving (not shot down or aborted) CAP
or DU aircraft is engaged by each sur-
viving escort.
Any surplus CAP or DU fighters may
then either attack the mission aircraft or
help fight the escorts. The owning player
Example: On the map above, Task
Force 1 has launched a combat air pa-
trol consisting of one flight of F-18 Hor-
nets. The CAP has turned on its radar,
which has a range of two hexes for both
air and surface search. Task Force A has
detected Task Force 2 and launches an
attack on it consisting of one flight of Su-
27 Flankers with ASMs. The Flankers
must pass through the radar range of
Task Force 1 to get to Task Force 2, and
as soon as they enter its radar range, the
CAP player must declare if he will inter-
cept. If he does, he makes the attack. The
CAP player might not want to attack if the
Flankers had a strong fighter escort.
Later, another enemy task force gets
to move, this time Task Force B. It fires
SSMs at TF 1, and the CAP can inter-
cept them at long range.
Play Scenarios 14 and 15
Now.
DESIGNER'S NOTES
COMMONLY ASKED
QUESTIONS
•When can a task force attack?
A task force can attack at any time
during its own movement. It can also
attack at any time during the enemy
movement if it detects the moving
enemy aircraft or task force.
• If one of my task forces detects
an enemy task force while it is
moving, can another of my task
I
forces attack if it is in range?
No. Only the task force which de-
tected it may do so. However, any
land-based tactical aircraft in range
can take part in the attack.
• If one of my patrol aircraft de-
tects an enemy task force while it is
moving, which of my units can at-
tack it?
Only the patrol aircraft itself and
any land-based aircraft in range
Battle Stations!
may attack at that time. Welcome to the arena of modern naval START HERE The scenarios themselves are all con-
• If it is time for one of my task combat! In this game you will become a To make it easy to learn these rule s, tained in the Captain 's Briefing. Each
forces to move, may it attack an naval commander, in charge of guided- they are broken up into separate sec- scenario lists all of the information nec-
enemy task force which another of missile ships, nuclear submarines, and tions. Each section begins with a descrip- essary for play, such as forces available
my task forces detected even if the jet aircraft. While warfare between naval t ion of one aspect of modern naval to each side and starting positions. The
moving task force did not detect it? vessels and aircraft can be a complicated warfare . Section one cove rs surface Captain 's Briefing also includes discus-
Yes. A moving task force can and technical business, the critical tacti- naval vessels; section two covers detec- sions of various modern weapon sys-
attack any enemy task force, pro- cal decisions are made by captains and t ion of enemy vessels ; section three tems and a number of advanced rules.
vided that task force is detected by admirals who do not generally study a deals with submarines; and sections four
a friendly aircraft or task force. radar or sonar display themselves. They and five add aircraft to the game. In each
• When can a task force counter- receive the distilled results of all of the section, specific rules are presented that
attack? technical, data-gathering assets at their translate that aspect of naval warfare into
A task force can counterattack disposal and make decisions accord- game terms. After several rules have
any and every time that it is at- ingly. been presented, you will be directed to
tacked. It may only counterattack Harpoon Captain's Edition provides play a scenario which uses and illustrates
against the units which attacked it, a clear and concise description of mod- those rules.
however, and only if they are de- ern naval warfare. The game places you
tected by the task force or some in the same position as a ship's captain
other friendly unit. or the admiral commanding a task force .
Many details have been kept out of the
game to allow the players to concentrate
on command decisions, but the overall

decides which of his CAP and DU air-
craft will continue to engage the escorts
and which will "bounce" the bombers.
Engaged aircraft on each side do not
fight a second round of air to air combat;
only the unengaged CAP and DU aircraft
do so.
If there are more escorts remaining
after the first round of combat, there is
no second round of combat.
Missiles may not be escorted.
I
capabilities of various sensors and
The Captain's Edition of Harpoon is supposed to be fast, simple, and fun
weapon systems are still presented
to play, and it is all of those things. But it also includes all the fundamental prin-
accurately.
ciples of modern naval warfare, so as you play, you can learn a great deal
about how ships, subs and aircraft fight today.
Enjoy the rules. We hope to provide new units, new maps, and more sce-
narios in future supplements. If you have any questions about the rules, or
suggestions about how to make them better, please let me know. I always an-
swer my mail.
-Larry Bond

C;J\f
G A M E S CC-0717 R1
~~------------------------------------------G_o_w
Contents
Game Components ..................... 2
Surface Ships ..................••.......... 3
Task Forces .................................. 3
Movement ..................................... 3
Combat ......................................... 3
Surface to Surface Missiles .......... 4
Naval Gunfire ................................ 7
Detection .....................•......••••..... &
Surface Search Radars ................ 8
Detecting Radars (ESM) ............... 8
Visual Search ................................ 8
Sonar ....................................... ..... 8
Dummy Units ................................ 9
Submarines ............................... 10
Movement ................................... 1O
Detection ..................................... 1O
Combat ............................. .......... 10
Patrol Aircraft ............................ 12
Movement ................................... 12
Detection ..................................... 12
Combat ............................... ........ 13
Tactical Aircraft ..•.•••••................ 14
Movement ................................... 14
Detection ................................ ..... 14
Combat ....................................... 14
Air to Air Combat ......................... 15
Credits
Design: Larry Bond
Development: Frank Chadwick
Art Direction: Amy Doubet
Graphic Design and Production:
Steve Bryant, Radley Masinelli, and
Kirk Wescom
Cover Art: Steve Venters
Text Management: Michelle Stur-
geon
Text Processing: Julia Martin and
Elizabeth Meier
All rights reserved.
Printed in USA. Made in USA.
ISBN 1-55878-054-8.
Copyright©1990 GOW, Inc.
Harpoon® is a registered trade-
mark of GDW, Inc.
Game Components
The game requires two players, and
about two hours to play a large battle.
Smaller battles may only take a half-hour,
or even less time if one side is unlucky.
All the components needed to play the
game are included in this box. These
include:
Rules Booklet: The rules are orga-
nized into sections, each covering one
part of naval warfare. After reading
through page 6, you can begin to play.
Each additional section then shows a
new part of naval warfare, with additional
rules and a scenario using it.
Captain's Briefing Booklet: This
booklet includes all scenario information
as well as a great deal of background in-
formation on the weapons and tactics of
the two rival fleets in the game.
Data Cards: There are a total of 54
ship and aircraft data cards. These pro-
vide information on the units that each
player will have under his command. A
typical ship card is shown below.
FFG
ASR:3
O.H. Perry - 1 SAM: 4·0
USA
PD: 3
SSA:
SSM. 1·0
Guns· 1
1
/ Speed: 3 / Hull: 1
Map: Unfold the map and lay it on a
table between the two players. If it does
not lay flat at first, backfold it gently
against the crease. The map covers the
area north of the British Isles, from the
Soviet naval base at Severomorsk to the
strategic Greenland-Iceland-United
Kingdom (G-1-UK) Gap. The map is
overlaid with a hexagonal tactical grid.
Each hexagon covers 60 nautical miles
from side to side.
Charts: Two identical Game Refer-
ence Charts are provided, along with two
different Base Charts, one for each
player.
Die Cut Counters: There
are two sheets of
•••t game counters in
the game . These in-
clude 28 oblong task
TF-8 force counters as well as a
number of aircraft and missile
counters and other game markers.
Patrol Air-
craft: Ten plas-
tic patrol aircraft
(six blue, four
red) are includ-
ed , along with a
small sheet of
peel-off labels
with letters and numbers. Attach one la-
bel to the bottom of each patrol aircraft's
base. Red aircraft are labeled A through
D; blue aircraft are labeled 1 through 6.
Stand up
Screens :
Base Screen
Two identi-
cal stand-up
screens are
provided for
your conve-
nience. Fold
'---------~ each screen
along the dotted line as indicated. This
will enable the screens to stand upright.
The screens can then be placed in front
of each player's Base Chart to keep his
opponent from seeing which planes are
stationed where.
Roster Pad: The pad of ship Roster
Sheets is used to keep track of missiles
fired and accumulated damage to ships
during a game. Permission is specifically
granted to photocopy additional Roster
Sheets for your own use .
Dice: Four dice, used to resolve de-
tection and combat, are included with the
game. A player will have to roll the die
and read off a number from 1 to 6, pos-
sibly add or subtract some numbers
(called "die modifiers") from that value,
and then look up that number on a table
to find the result. Different tables are used
for the different weapons each side has.
n3
- - - - -L!J
Captain's Edition
Surface Ships
TASK FORCES
When ships fight, they do so in groups.
One ship can be easily overwhelmed,
while several cooperating ships can
combine their weapons to defeat an
attack.
A group of ships is called a "task force."
It will have several important ships, which
are needed to accomplish some mission.
They will be protected by several "escort"
ships, which defend them from attack.
When the players receive their ships
at the start of a game, they should as-
semble them in task forces. Take all the
ship cards that you wish to have fight to-
gether and put them face down in one
pile. If you want this to be Task Force 1,
takethe square Task Force 1 marker that
has the appropriate national color on the
back (red for Soviet, blue for NATO) and
place it face down on the stack of cards.
(This way your opponent does not know
which stack represents Task Force 1 or
which cards are in which stack.)
Take the square Task Force 1 counter
that is white on the back and place it in a
cup or other convenient receptacle. This
is called the task force's movement chit.
One cup will hold all of the movement
chits for both players.
Finally, take the long counter labeled
Task Force 1 and place it on the map in
the correct location of the task force. All
the ships that are in Task Force 1 will
move and fight together.
MOVEMENT
At the beginning of each
CY] game turn, one of the players
draws a movement chit from
the movement cup. When a
task force's counter is pulled out, the
owning player declares how many hexes
it will move during the turn, and puts a
speed counter with that number next to
that task force on the map. (For now,
place the counter white side up. The red
side indicates that the force is using ra-
dar. This will be explained later.) The
speed counter remains next to the task
force until the unit's movement counter
is drawn again next turn. It is then re-
placed with a new speed marker (or
remains the same if the task force's
speed does not change).
Each turn of movement represents
eight hours of game time.
After declaring the task force's speed,
move it one hex at a time on the map. As
it enters each hex, it may attack units in
range or be attacked by enemy units.
Once a player has finished moving a
task force, draw another task force chit
from the movement cup. After the own-
ing player is finished moving that task
force, draw again, and so on, until all task
force chits have been drawn and the cup
is empty.
When all of the chits have been drawn
and all task forces have moved, one turn
has passed. The chits are replaced in the
cup and another turn starts.
Maximum Speed
All ships have their maximum speed
printed on their ship card. This is three
hexes per turn for warships, but only two
hexes per turn for freighters, tankers, and
some amphibious assault ships. A task
force may move slower than its maxi-
mum speed, but may not move any faster
than the maximum speed of the slowest
ship in the task force.
Dry Land
No ship may move across a full land
hexside.
Ice
The solid white area on the map is
permanent ice shelf; the partially white
area on the map is seasonal ice shelf. In
some cases the game notes will specify
that the game is played in winter. In this
case, the seasonal ice hexes are treated
as ice shett. In all other cases they are
treated as ice-restricted waters.
Surface naval vessels may never enter
a full ice shelf hex. All surface naval
vessels may move through ice-restricted
waters at a rate of one hex per turn (re-
gardless of their normal maximum
speed).
Spl n Fo
If a player wishes to split a task force,
he must do so at the beginning of a turn
before any movement chits are drawn.
He does so by dividing the ship cards in
the task force into two (or more) new task
forces, marking the piles with task force
markers, placing the task force counters
in the same hex on the map, and adding
the movement chits for the task forces
to the cup.
Combining l s ·orce
If a player wishes to join two groups,
he should move them together. When the
first unit's movement counter is drawn
from the cup, the player may move it into
the second task force's hex and declare
that they will be joining.
When the second task force's move-
ment chit is drawn, pick one of the task
force counters in the hex, the corre-
sponding movement counter, and com-
bine the cards under that designation.
Discard the other task force counter and
movement chit.
Note that one of the task forces will be
unable to move that turn.
COMBAT
As a task force enters each hex dur-
ing movement, it may attack units in
range or be attacked by enemy units.
Normally it can attack only units that have
been "detected" (this is explained later)
but, for learning purposes, the section on
surface combat can be played ignoring
radar.
The moving player always declares
whether he intends to attack first, and
then the nonmoving player declares.
However, if the moving player decides
not to attack but is then attacked by the
nonmoving player, the moving player
may change his mind and counterattack.
Attacks as a result of a hex of move-
ment are simultaneous, as long as all
attacks by both players are declared
before the dice are rolled. Even though
a ship successfully attacks an enemy
ship and sinks it, the enemy ship may still
counterattack.
~~------------------------------------------G_o_w
Contents
Game Components ..................... 2
Surface Ships ..................••.......... 3
Task Forces .................................. 3
Movement ..................................... 3
Combat ......................................... 3
Surface to Surface Missiles .......... 4
Naval Gunfire ................................ 7
Detection .....................•......••••..... &
Surface Search Radars ................ 8
Detecting Radars (ESM) ............... 8
Visual Search ................................ 8
Sonar ....................................... ..... 8
Dummy Units ................................ 9
Submarines ............................... 10
Movement ................................... 1O
Detection ..................................... 1O
Combat ............................. .......... 10
Patrol Aircraft ............................ 12
Movement ................................... 12
Detection ..................................... 12
Combat ............................... ........ 13
Tactical Aircraft ..•.•••••................ 14
Movement ................................... 14
Detection ................................ ..... 14
Combat ....................................... 14
Air to Air Combat ......................... 15
Credits
Design: Larry Bond
Development: Frank Chadwick
Art Direction: Amy Doubet
Graphic Design and Production:
Steve Bryant, Radley Masinelli, and
Kirk Wescom
Cover Art: Steve Venters
Text Management: Michelle Stur-
geon
Text Processing: Julia Martin and
Elizabeth Meier
All rights reserved.
Printed in USA. Made in USA.
ISBN 1-55878-054-8.
Copyright©1990 GOW, Inc.
Harpoon® is a registered trade-
mark of GDW, Inc.
Game Components
The game requires two players, and
about two hours to play a large battle.
Smaller battles may only take a half-hour,
or even less time if one side is unlucky.
All the components needed to play the
game are included in this box. These
include:
Rules Booklet: The rules are orga-
nized into sections, each covering one
part of naval warfare. After reading
through page 6, you can begin to play.
Each additional section then shows a
new part of naval warfare, with additional
rules and a scenario using it.
Captain's Briefing Booklet: This
booklet includes all scenario information
as well as a great deal of background in-
formation on the weapons and tactics of
the two rival fleets in the game.
Data Cards: There are a total of 54
ship and aircraft data cards. These pro-
vide information on the units that each
player will have under his command. A
typical ship card is shown below.
FFG
ASR:3
O.H. Perry - 1 SAM: 4·0
USA
PD: 3
SSA:
SSM. 1·0
Guns· 1
1
/ Speed: 3 / Hull: 1
Map: Unfold the map and lay it on a
table between the two players. If it does
not lay flat at first, backfold it gently
against the crease. The map covers the
area north of the British Isles, from the
Soviet naval base at Severomorsk to the
strategic Greenland-Iceland-United
Kingdom (G-1-UK) Gap. The map is
overlaid with a hexagonal tactical grid.
Each hexagon covers 60 nautical miles
from side to side.
Charts: Two identical Game Refer-
ence Charts are provided, along with two
different Base Charts, one for each
player.
Die Cut Counters: There
are two sheets of
•••t game counters in
the game . These in-
clude 28 oblong task
TF-8 force counters as well as a
number of aircraft and missile
counters and other game markers.
Patrol Air-
craft: Ten plas-
tic patrol aircraft
(six blue, four
red) are includ-
ed , along with a
small sheet of
peel-off labels
with letters and numbers. Attach one la-
bel to the bottom of each patrol aircraft's
base. Red aircraft are labeled A through
D; blue aircraft are labeled 1 through 6.
Stand up
Screens :
Base Screen
Two identi-
cal stand-up
screens are
provided for
your conve-
nience. Fold
'---------~ each screen
along the dotted line as indicated. This
will enable the screens to stand upright.
The screens can then be placed in front
of each player's Base Chart to keep his
opponent from seeing which planes are
stationed where.
Roster Pad: The pad of ship Roster
Sheets is used to keep track of missiles
fired and accumulated damage to ships
during a game. Permission is specifically
granted to photocopy additional Roster
Sheets for your own use .
Dice: Four dice, used to resolve de-
tection and combat, are included with the
game. A player will have to roll the die
and read off a number from 1 to 6, pos-
sibly add or subtract some numbers
(called "die modifiers") from that value,
and then look up that number on a table
to find the result. Different tables are used
for the different weapons each side has.
n3
- - - - -L!J
Captain's Edition
Surface Ships
TASK FORCES
When ships fight, they do so in groups.
One ship can be easily overwhelmed,
while several cooperating ships can
combine their weapons to defeat an
attack.
A group of ships is called a "task force."
It will have several important ships, which
are needed to accomplish some mission.
They will be protected by several "escort"
ships, which defend them from attack.
When the players receive their ships
at the start of a game, they should as-
semble them in task forces. Take all the
ship cards that you wish to have fight to-
gether and put them face down in one
pile. If you want this to be Task Force 1,
takethe square Task Force 1 marker that
has the appropriate national color on the
back (red for Soviet, blue for NATO) and
place it face down on the stack of cards.
(This way your opponent does not know
which stack represents Task Force 1 or
which cards are in which stack.)
Take the square Task Force 1 counter
that is white on the back and place it in a
cup or other convenient receptacle. This
is called the task force's movement chit.
One cup will hold all of the movement
chits for both players.
Finally, take the long counter labeled
Task Force 1 and place it on the map in
the correct location of the task force. All
the ships that are in Task Force 1 will
move and fight together.
MOVEMENT
At the beginning of each
CY] game turn, one of the players
draws a movement chit from
the movement cup. When a
task force's counter is pulled out, the
owning player declares how many hexes
it will move during the turn, and puts a
speed counter with that number next to
that task force on the map. (For now,
place the counter white side up. The red
side indicates that the force is using ra-
dar. This will be explained later.) The
speed counter remains next to the task
force until the unit's movement counter
is drawn again next turn. It is then re-
placed with a new speed marker (or
remains the same if the task force's
speed does not change).
Each turn of movement represents
eight hours of game time.
After declaring the task force's speed,
move it one hex at a time on the map. As
it enters each hex, it may attack units in
range or be attacked by enemy units.
Once a player has finished moving a
task force, draw another task force chit
from the movement cup. After the own-
ing player is finished moving that task
force, draw again, and so on, until all task
force chits have been drawn and the cup
is empty.
When all of the chits have been drawn
and all task forces have moved, one turn
has passed. The chits are replaced in the
cup and another turn starts.
Maximum Speed
All ships have their maximum speed
printed on their ship card. This is three
hexes per turn for warships, but only two
hexes per turn for freighters, tankers, and
some amphibious assault ships. A task
force may move slower than its maxi-
mum speed, but may not move any faster
than the maximum speed of the slowest
ship in the task force.
TFs start a scenario at speed0.
Dry Land
No ship may move across a full land
hexside.
Ice
The solid white area on the map is
permanent ice shelf; the partially white
area on the map is seasonal ice shelf. In
some cases the game notes will specify
that the game is played in winter. In this
case, the seasonal ice hexes are treated
as ice shett. In all other cases they are
treated as ice-restricted waters.
Surface naval vessels may never enter
a full ice shelf hex. All surface naval
vessels may move through ice-restricted
waters at a rate of one hex per turn (re-
gardless of their normal maximum
speed).
Spl n Fo
If a player wishes to split a task force,
he must do so at the beginning of a turn
before any movement chits are drawn.
He does so by dividing the ship cards in
the task force into two (or more) new task
forces, marking the piles with task force
markers, placing the task force counters
in the same hex on the map, and adding
the movement chits for the task forces
to the cup.
Combining l s ·orce
If a player wishes to join two groups,
he should move them together. When the
first unit's movement counter is drawn
from the cup, the player may move it into
the second task force's hex and declare
that they will be joining.
When the second task force's move-
ment chit is drawn, pick one of the task
force counters in the hex, the corre-
sponding movement counter, and com-
bine the cards under that designation.
Discard the other task force counter and
movement chit.
Note that one of the task forces will be
unable to move that turn.
COMBAT
As a task force enters each hex dur-
ing movement, it may attack units in
range or be attacked by enemy units.
Normally it can attack only units that have
been "detected" (this is explained later)
but, for learning purposes, the section on
surface combat can be played ignoring
radar.
The moving player always declares
whether he intends to attack first, and
then the nonmoving player declares.
However, if the moving player decides
not to attack but is then attacked by the
nonmoving player, the moving player
may change his mind and counterattack.
Attacks as a result of a hex of move-
ment are simultaneous, as long as all
attacks by both players are declared
before the dice are rolled. Even though
a ship successfully attacks an enemy
ship and sinks it, the enemy ship may still
counterattack.
11
4
~ -----
Example: The NATO player draws the
movement counter that says "TF1 ." The
long Task Force 1 counter represents a
group of ships that can move three hexes
this turn. He intends to move Task Force
1 toward Task Force A and attack it.
Task Force B lies along the path Task
Force 1 is going to take. As Task Force
1 moves into the first hex, Task Force B
attacks . Task Force 1 decides not to
counterattack. That attack is resolved
right away. If it survives, Task Force 1
continues to move into the second hex,
then the third, where it can launch its
attack.
Ship Damage
When a ship is hit, it suffers damage
in the form of hull hits. Each ship has a
hull strength, listed on the ship data card.
The bigger the ship, the larger its hull
strength. For example, a Spruance-class
destroyer has a hull strength of 2, and
an Iowa-class battleship has a hull
strength of 6.
A pad of Roster Sheets is included in
the game. Each ship in the game has a
separate entry on the Roster Sheet fol-
lowed by a series of hull boxes. Note that
each ship has the same number of hull
boxes as its hull strength. Each time a
ship takes a hit, mark off one of the ship's
hull boxes.
If a ship loses all of its hull boxes, it
sinks. If it loses some, but not all, of its
hull boxes, it moves and fights at reduced
capability.
At one-half damage, the ship's speed
is reduced by one hex, it loses any long-
range SSM or SAM weapons, and it
loses its air search radar. Aircraft carri-
ers can no longer launch aircraft.
At two-thirds damage, a ship is re-
duced to a speed of one hex, loses all
weapons except half its gun strength
(round up), and also loses its sonar and
ESM capability. The only sensor a ship
can use is its surface search radar.
Ship
CV Tb!Jtsi t HulJ
USSR
~ SR-SSM
BCG N Kiroi,o. 1
C:CX0
CG Kar.,,
Ocx:; S ovremen
DO Udaioy-l nyy.1
CO
CC - Ships carry only a limited number of
FFG Krwak-1 C2 ~ =
::g:;~} g Air to air missile
Example: A Tbilisi-class carrier has
five hull factors. If it loses three, its speed
drops to two hexes, its long-range SSM
strength drops from 3 to 0, and its air
search radar range drops from 2 to none.
It can no longer launch Flanker or Ful-
crum aircraft. If it loses one more point
(four-fifths is more than two-thirds), its
speed is reduced to one hex , and it loses
all its weapons, except for guns. Un-
fortunately, the Tbilisi's original gun
strength is 0.
If one of the ships in a task force is
damaged and has its speed reduced, the
task force must slow down to that new
speed or split the slower ship off into a
separate task force.
Of course , a single ship, already
crippled by damage, would be easily
destroyed without the protection of the
rest of the task force.
Damaged ships cannot be repaired
during the game. A damaged warship
needs weeks or months in a repair yard
to be able to fight at full efficiency.
SURFACE TO SURFACE
MISSILES
The present-day replacement for the
battleship's big guns, surface to surface
missiles (abbreviated SSMs), canflytens
or even hundreds of miles and attack a
surface ship with devastating effect.
GOW
Unlike gunfire, incoming missiles can
be shot down. Many missiles can be fired
at a target, but if it has strong defenses,
only a few may get through to attack.
Also, some of the ones that attack may
miss, because no weapon works per-
fectly.
LR-SSM
~
Range
There are two kinds of SSMs in
Captain's Edition: short range and long
range. A typical short-range missile is the
Harpoon, shown above. The Russian
SS-N-12 is a long-range missile. Short-
range missiles all have a range of one
hex, while long-range missiles have a
range of three hexes. This means that a
ship can attack an enemy task force three
hexes away with its long-range SSMs but
has to close to a range of one hex to
attack with its short-range SSMs.
The SSM attack strengths, both long
range and short range, are shown on the
right side of the ship card in the light blue
box. The first number is the short-range
attack strength; the second number is the
long-range attack strength.
For example, the Arleigh Burke-class
destroyer can attack at long range with
a strength of 4 and at short range with a
strength of 2. If the destroyer wants to, it
could instead attack a close-range tar-
get with both its long-range and short-
range missiles for a strength of 6.
Captain's Edition
----- ~
The missile attack strength can be
combined or split as desired , as long as
the weapons are in range.Atthree hexes,
the Arleigh Burke destroyer could attack
four targets with a strength of 1 (not a
really good idea), two targets with a
strength of 2, and so on. If the destroyer
waited until it was one hex from the tar-
get it could attack one target with a
strength of 6 (four long-range plus two
short-range). It could also split this up:
two targets at strengths of 3, three at a
strength of 2, etc.
Ammunition Limits
SSMs, and they can salvo all of them in
one game turn. A ship can only fire each
missile factor once; then its ammunition
supply is exhausted. The Roster Sheet
has a number of boxes equal to the
missile value of the ship. Each time the
ship fires a missile, mark off one box.
For example, the Arleigh Burke has
four long-range and two short-range
SSMs. It could attack with all six in one
turn but would then be unable to attack
with SSMs again during the game. Alter-
natively, it could attack with a few mis-
siles now and hold the rest for later.
Target Limits
SSMs may only be fired at surface
vessels. Surface vessels have the speed
and hull block of their card colored light
blue.
Surface Ship Missile Defense
Once missiles are launched, the en-
emy gets a chance to protect himself
from them. Most ships carry antiaircraft
missiles and/or guns to defend them-
selves against SSMs.
There are three defensive weapons
listed on the ship card: short-range SAMs
(surface to air missiles), long-range
SAMs, and point defense guns. These
are listed on the right side of the ship card
in the white block. The first value listed
nS
for SAM strength is short-range SAMs;
the second value is long-range SAMs . MISSILE TYPES
For example, the Soviet Kirov-class Missiles are described by the
battle cruiser has a point defense type of launcher and the type of
strength of 5, a short-range SAM strength target. Missiles fired from a surface
of 10, and a long-range strength of a. ship at another surface ship are
called surface to surface missiles,
'I or SSM for short. Missiles fired
l*~I
from an aircraft against a surface
ASR:3 ship are air to surface missiles, or
USSR
SAM: 10·8 ASM. A complete list of the missile
PD: 5
types is:
~
SSA: 1 Missiles
SSM: 0· 10
Guns: 2 Surface to surface missile SSM
Air to surface missile ASM
As an attacking missile (or group of
AAM
missiles) approaches its target, long- Surface to air missile SAM
range surface to air missiles shoot first.
These are relatively large weapons, and
are not carried by all ships. They are used USSR SS-N-12
to protect the entire formation.
Short-range missiles are smaller and
are carried by many ships. They fire next
and will protect only those ships nearby.
Finally, almost all ships carry "point
defenses," weapons that will only defend
their own ship. These are fast-reacting,
short-range guns or missiles.
Each of these three defenses can
shoot down some and maybe all of the US Harpoon
incoming missiles. The group of missiles,
or "raid," is whittled down as it goes
through each defensive belt, until there
is hopefully nothing left of it at all. If a task force has an odd number of
If any missiles survive the defenses, ships, the extra ship can be assigned
they can attack the ship they were aimed either as an extra ship in one of the
at. They may hit or miss. If they hit, they groupings or as a separate unpaired
will severely damage their target, and ship.
possibly sink it. Smaller ships only need Example: A formation of six ships is
one or two hits to be sunk, while large being attacked by missiles. Three are
ships may need five or even more. unarmed merchant ships, carrying valu-
However, even a small missile does able supplies to Europe. The others are
tremendous damage. destroyers, escort ships designed to
defend the merchants. Since there are
Defensive Deployment six ships, there will be three pairs. The
To defend against a missile attack in three merchant ships are paired with the
Captain's Edition, the player being at- three destroyers, so that each merchant
tacked places his ships' cards on the ship is defended.
table in pairs. The two ships paired to-
gether will protect each other, and so it
is a good idea to pair an escort up with
each of the more valuable ships, such
as merchants or aircraft carriers .
11
4
~ -----
Example: The NATO player draws the
movement counter that says "TF1 ." The
long Task Force 1 counter represents a
group of ships that can move three hexes
this turn. He intends to move Task Force
1 toward Task Force A and attack it.
Task Force B lies along the path Task
Force 1 is going to take. As Task Force
1 moves into the first hex, Task Force B
attacks . Task Force 1 decides not to
counterattack. That attack is resolved
right away. If it survives, Task Force 1
continues to move into the second hex,
then the third, where it can launch its
attack.
Ship Damage
When a ship is hit, it suffers damage
in the form of hull hits. Each ship has a
hull strength, listed on the ship data card.
The bigger the ship, the larger its hull
strength. For example, a Spruance-class
destroyer has a hull strength of 2, and
an Iowa-class battleship has a hull
strength of 6.
A pad of Roster Sheets is included in
the game. Each ship in the game has a
separate entry on the Roster Sheet fol-
lowed by a series of hull boxes. Note that
each ship has the same number of hull
boxes as its hull strength. Each time a
ship takes a hit, mark off one of the ship's
hull boxes.
If a ship loses all of its hull boxes, it
sinks. If it loses some, but not all, of its
hull boxes, it moves and fights at reduced
capability.
At one-half damage, the ship's speed
is reduced by one hex, it loses any long-
range SSM or SAM weapons, and it
loses its air search radar. Aircraft carri-
ers can no longer launch aircraft.
At two-thirds damage, a ship is re-
duced to a speed of one hex, loses all
weapons except half its gun strength
(round up), and also loses its sonar and
ESM capability. The only sensor a ship
can use is its surface search radar.
Ship
CV Tb!Jtsi t HulJ
USSR
~ SR-SSM
BCG N Kiroi,o. 1
C:CX0
CG Kar.,,
Ocx:; S ovremen
DO Udaioy-l nyy.1
CO
CC - Ships carry only a limited number of
FFG Krwak-1 C2 ~ =
::g:;~} g Air to air missile
Example: A Tbilisi-class carrier has
five hull factors. If it loses three, its speed
drops to two hexes, its long-range SSM
strength drops from 3 to 0, and its air
search radar range drops from 2 to none.
It can no longer launch Flanker or Ful-
crum aircraft. If it loses one more point
(four-fifths is more than two-thirds), its
speed is reduced to one hex , and it loses
all its weapons, except for guns. Un-
fortunately, the Tbilisi's original gun
strength is 0.
If one of the ships in a task force is
damaged and has its speed reduced, the
task force must slow down to that new
speed or split the slower ship off into a
separate task force.
Of course , a single ship, already
crippled by damage, would be easily
destroyed without the protection of the
rest of the task force.
Damaged ships cannot be repaired
during the game. A damaged warship
needs weeks or months in a repair yard
to be able to fight at full efficiency.
SURFACE TO SURFACE
MISSILES
The present-day replacement for the
battleship's big guns, surface to surface
missiles (abbreviated SSMs), canflytens
or even hundreds of miles and attack a
surface ship with devastating effect.
GOW
Unlike gunfire, incoming missiles can
be shot down. Many missiles can be fired
at a target, but if it has strong defenses,
only a few may get through to attack.
Also, some of the ones that attack may
miss, because no weapon works per-
fectly.
LR-SSM
~
Range
There are two kinds of SSMs in
Captain's Edition: short range and long
range. A typical short-range missile is the
Harpoon, shown above. The Russian
SS-N-12 is a long-range missile. Short-
range missiles all have a range of one
hex, while long-range missiles have a
range of three hexes. This means that a
ship can attack an enemy task force three
hexes away with its long-range SSMs but
has to close to a range of one hex to
attack with its short-range SSMs.
The SSM attack strengths, both long
range and short range, are shown on the
right side of the ship card in the light blue
box. The first number is the short-range
attack strength; the second number is the
long-range attack strength.
For example, the Arleigh Burke-class
destroyer can attack at long range with
a strength of 4 and at short range with a
strength of 2. If the destroyer wants to, it
could instead attack a close-range tar-
get with both its long-range and short-
range missiles for a strength of 6.
Captain's Edition
----- ~
The missile attack strength can be
combined or split as desired , as long as
the weapons are in range.Atthree hexes,
the Arleigh Burke destroyer could attack
four targets with a strength of 1 (not a
really good idea), two targets with a
strength of 2, and so on. If the destroyer
waited until it was one hex from the tar-
get it could attack one target with a
strength of 6 (four long-range plus two
short-range). It could also split this up:
two targets at strengths of 3, three at a
strength of 2, etc.
Ammunition Limits
SSMs, and they can salvo all of them in
one game turn. A ship can only fire each
missile factor once; then its ammunition
supply is exhausted. The Roster Sheet
has a number of boxes equal to the
missile value of the ship. Each time the
ship fires a missile, mark off one box.
For example, the Arleigh Burke has
four long-range and two short-range
SSMs. It could attack with all six in one
turn but would then be unable to attack
with SSMs again during the game. Alter-
natively, it could attack with a few mis-
siles now and hold the rest for later.
Target Limits
SSMs may only be fired at surface
vessels. Surface vessels have the speed
and hull block of their card colored light
blue.
Surface Ship Missile Defense
Once missiles are launched, the en-
emy gets a chance to protect himself
from them. Most ships carry antiaircraft
missiles and/or guns to defend them-
selves against SSMs.
There are three defensive weapons
listed on the ship card: short-range SAMs
(surface to air missiles), long-range
SAMs, and point defense guns. These
are listed on the right side of the ship card
in the white block. The first value listed
nS
for SAM strength is short-range SAMs;
the second value is long-range SAMs . MISSILE TYPES
For example, the Soviet Kirov-class Missiles are described by the
battle cruiser has a point defense type of launcher and the type of
strength of 5, a short-range SAM strength target. Missiles fired from a surface
of 10, and a long-range strength of a. ship at another surface ship are
called surface to surface missiles,
'I or SSM for short. Missiles fired
l*~I
from an aircraft against a surface
ASR:3 ship are air to surface missiles, or
USSR
SAM: 10·8 ASM. A complete list of the missile
PD: 5
types is:
~
SSA: 1 Missiles
SSM: 0· 10
Guns: 2 Surface to surface missile SSM
Air to surface missile ASM
As an attacking missile (or group of
AAM
missiles) approaches its target, long- Surface to air missile SAM
range surface to air missiles shoot first.
These are relatively large weapons, and
are not carried by all ships. They are used USSR SS-N-12
to protect the entire formation.
Short-range missiles are smaller and
are carried by many ships. They fire next
and will protect only those ships nearby.
Finally, almost all ships carry "point
defenses," weapons that will only defend
their own ship. These are fast-reacting,
short-range guns or missiles.
Each of these three defenses can
shoot down some and maybe all of the US Harpoon
incoming missiles. The group of missiles,
or "raid," is whittled down as it goes
through each defensive belt, until there
is hopefully nothing left of it at all. If a task force has an odd number of
If any missiles survive the defenses, ships, the extra ship can be assigned
they can attack the ship they were aimed either as an extra ship in one of the
at. They may hit or miss. If they hit, they groupings or as a separate unpaired
will severely damage their target, and ship.
possibly sink it. Smaller ships only need Example: A formation of six ships is
one or two hits to be sunk, while large being attacked by missiles. Three are
ships may need five or even more. unarmed merchant ships, carrying valu-
However, even a small missile does able supplies to Europe. The others are
tremendous damage. destroyers, escort ships designed to
defend the merchants. Since there are
Defensive Deployment six ships, there will be three pairs. The
To defend against a missile attack in three merchant ships are paired with the
Captain's Edition, the player being at- three destroyers, so that each merchant
tacked places his ships' cards on the ship is defended.
table in pairs. The two ships paired to-
gether will protect each other, and so it
is a good idea to pair an escort up with
each of the more valuable ships, such
as merchants or aircraft carriers .
 r---i
6 f---i
~ -----
Missile Att ck Procedure Example: A ship with a long-range
To attack, the player firing missiles SAM strength of 4 and a second ship with
places missile attack counters, each with a long-range SAM factor of 2 fire at a
a number representing the missile attack group of incoming missiles. The defender
strength of a single ship, onto the table rolls a total of six dice and rolls a 1, 2, 3,
in front of the defender's ships. The raid 4, 5, and 6. The 4 and 5 each score one
is then resolved in four steps: long-range hit while the 6 scores two hits, for a total
SAM fire, short-range SAM fire, point of four hits.
defense fire, and missile attacks. 2. Short-Range SAM Fire: The at-
1. Long-Range SAM Fire: The de- tacker now takes his surviving missile
fender now fires long-range SAMs . Each attack counters and allocates them to in-
ship with long-range SAMs fires. The dividual ships. He is not required to at-
long-range SAM value of each ship is the tack any specific ship and may place as
number of dice it rolls for hits. many or as few counters on any ship he
Roll the indicated number of dice and desires. He may not split up missile at-
consult the SAM column of the Missile tack counters. (All missiles fired by a
Combat Table. Count up the total num- single ship are fired at a single target.)
ber of hits shown and subtract that many The defender now fires short-range
missile factors from the attacking raid. SAMs. Unlike long-range SAM fire, each
The defender picks which factors are de- ship must fire its short-range SAM factor
stroyed. Specific missile attack counters at a single missile attack counter. Each
may be reduced in strength; change ship can fire its short-range SAMs at the
counters are provided in all needed missiles attacking either itself or the ship
denominations. it is paired with. The short-range SAM
SAM Defense Diagram
CG
~ after a gun battle will be in the same hex.
BB m§
lowa - 1 =..... ASR: 3
P0; 4 Bunker Hill - 1
SSR:1
S~24
G\lnS!l 1• .. ... SSR: 1
.......
'SSlll:416 till
I•-,, I ,.,.,, I I._.,, I ""''" I
~ l:.I:2l
;
Tanker Merchant
No.1 No. 3
1 1
.11111111 ,~. . . 11 1iiiilil
,._,,I"""" I I•.-" I "'"'' I
Example: Six factors of long-range missiles have survived the long-range
SAM defenses and are now attacking individual ships. The defending player
has placed his ships in pairs, providing each of his three merchant ships with
an escort vessel. The attacking player has split his attacks up so that two factors
are attacking one warship, while two attack the first merchant ship. Single missile
factors are attacking each of the other merchants.
With the first pair, the attacking player is forcing the defending player to decide
whether to have the warship protect itself or the merchant ship. It can only fire
at one counter, and if it ignores its own attackers, it may be sunk. In the other
two cases, the attacker is simply placing attacking missiles on the merchants,
and the escorts get free shots at them.
The counters could be divided up many ways: two factors on each of the
merchant ships or three on two merchant ships to ensure hits while ignoring the
remaining merchant. Only experimentation and experience can guide you.
GOW
value of the firing ship is the number of
dice it rolls on the SAM column of the
Missile Combat Table for hits.
3. Point Defense Fire: Any missiles
that survive short-range SAMs must get
through a ship's point defenses. These
can be very strong, including radar-di-
rected Gatling guns and short-range
missiles. They may also be very weak,
especially on older ships. A ship's point
defenses can only be used to defend it-
self, not another ship.
Take each ship being attacked by
missiles in turn. Look on the data card
for its point defense strength, and roll that
number of dice for hits. Consult the Point
Defense (PD) column of the Missile
Combat Table to determine the number
of hits.
Example: A ship being attacked by
SSMs has a point defense value of 4.
Rolling four dice, the player rolls a 2, 3,
4, and 5. The 2, 3, 4, and 5 are hits, for
a total of four missiles shot down.
4. Missile Attacks:Any missiles which
survive all three defensive layers will
attack the ships. The number of surviv-
ing missile factors is the number of dice
ASR:3 rolled by the attacking player for hits. All
S.t.M:0-10
hits are hull hits on the target ship.
SSR: 1
SSM.2i!
Gv'1•.l
MISSILE COMBAT TABLE
Die Roll SAM PD SSM
1 M M M
2 M H M
;
3 M H H
4 H H H
5 H H H
6 2H 2H 2H
Tactical Hint
To make a successful missile attack,
a player should not fire at every enemy
ship, but pick a few important ones and
overwhelm them. This is called saturat-
ing their defenses-giving the defenders
more incoming missiles than can be shot
down. Note that SAMs, particularly long-
range SAM s, will take out a certain nu m-
ber of missiles regardless of the size of
the raid. So while two small raids might
be stopped completely, a large combined
raid may result in spectacular success.
Play Scenarios 1 and 2
Now.
- - - - - - - - -l2J
Captain's Edition
NAVAL GUNFIRE
Modern surface ships do not depend
entirely on missiles. Almost all ships still
carry at least one gun, used for attack-
ing other ships at close ranges. Modern
guns are automatically loaded, have
radar to help find the target, and some-
times are controlled by computers. Al-
though very accurate, they are still very
short ranged. The farthest-firing gun is
the 16" gun usecl on the Iowa-class bat-
tleships. It can fire a one-ton projectile
over 20 miles. This is still shorter than
the range of most SSMs.
Gunfire Procedure
To engage in surface gunfire, a task
force must enter the enemy formation's
hex. If the enemy ships are faster, they
can either evade or choose to exchange
gunfire. If an enemy force is slower, it
cannot escape and must exchange fire.
If an enemy force is capable of the same
speed as the attacking force, the attack-
ing player rolls the die. If the result is
1-3, he successfully maneuvers his task
force and attacks the enemy in that hex.
All gunfire takes place after missile fire
has been exchanged. A player should
expect to be attacked by any missiles the
other side carries as it comes into gun-
fire range. Usually the attacking player
has already used his missiles; that is why
he is using guns.
Both sides set up their ships in pairs
as before. If missiles were exchanged,
then the formation used for missile fire
is the formation the enemy sides will use
to exchange gunfire. If there was no
previous exchange of missile fire, ar-
range the ships now.
When both sides have arranged their
ships, the ships fire in sequence. Only
one ship of each pair may fire its guns.
This ship is called the "firing ship" and is
placed on top of the other ship in the pair.
The ship on the bottom is called the
"screened ship."
Each firing ship gets one gun attack,
with the results of the fire being resolved
immediately. Each ship may only fire at
a single enemy ship. The ship with the
most powerful gun factor fires first, then
the second-most powerfu l, and so on,
until all ships have fired. Ships with equal
gun factors on opposing sides should roll
the die to see who goes first.
As each ship fires its guns, roll a num-
ber of dice equal to its gunnery factor and
look on the Gun Combat Table. The table
will tell you how many hits were scored,
just as for other types of fire.
If firing at a screened ship, subtract one
from each die roll. (Modified die rolls of O
are misses.)
Breaking Off
After all ships that choose to shoot on
each side have fired, each player
chooses to either break off or continue
the engagement. If both players decide
to break off or if the player with the faster
force decides to break off, the engage-
ment ends.
If only one player wishes to break off
and both task forces are the same speed,
the player wishing to break off rolls a die
and succeeds on a roll of 1 or 2.
If the player with the slower forces
wishes to break off the gun action, he
must roll a 1 on a D6.
If neither task force breaks off, another
round of gun combat is fought.
Two task forces which have broken off
If the attacking player has any movement
left to perform, he can continue his move,
leaving the other force behind. If the
opposing force has broken off and the
attacking player wishes to attack it again,
he must spend one movement point
pursuing it.
GUNFIRE COMBAT TABLE
Die Roll Gun
1 M
2 M
3 M
4 H
5 H
6 H
Play
Scenario 3
Now.
7
ROLLBACK
One of the most important decisions
an attacker has to make is which ship
to attack. Unless a group of incoming
missiles is strong enough to attack ev·
ery ship in a formation, the attacker wi ll
have to pick a few ships to concentrate
his fire on.
Any ship is valuable, and its loss
could affect the fighting power of a
formation. But which ship would hurt the
most? Which ship prevents a task force
from accomplishing its mission?
Warships may be escorting aircraft
carriers, amphibious ships, or merchant
ships. Do not attack the defenders, at-
tack what they are defending.
The most important consideration in
picking a target is wh ich ship will hurt
the enemy most if it is lost. Usually it is
the merchant ship, carrying troops, sup-
plies, or some other valuable cargo. But
the escort will always posit ion itself so
that any attack on the merchant has to
get by it.
The answer is a naval tactic called
"rollback." Instead of attacking just the
merchant ship, attack t he escort as
well. Putting pressure on it means re-
ducing your main attack by one or two
factors, but the escort might shoot down
more than that if it is unmolested.
Also, instead of just putting the pres-
sure on the escorts, you may attempt
to sink them outright. This works if you
have a second wave of attackers, or two
d ifferent types of attacking units that
can work toget her.
If you have both submarines and
long-range strike aircraft , how about
attacki~ a formation first with the subs,
aiming for the powerful missile ships?
If one or more of those are sunk, the
aircraft have an easier time with their
attack. Or lead off with the aircraft, and
let the subs penetrate the weakened
escort screen and attack the valuable
ships.
If you have two or more different at-
tacks, and you decide to try a rollback,
lead off with the strongest attack, con-
centrating on a few ships of the escort
screen. If the attack is successful, the
next attack shou ld be able to inflict
greater damage.
But remember that the goal in roll-
back is to make the real target easier
to get to, not to change targets.
 r---i
6 f---i
~ -----
Missile Att ck Procedure Example: A ship with a long-range
To attack, the player firing missiles SAM strength of 4 and a second ship with
places missile attack counters, each with a long-range SAM factor of 2 fire at a
a number representing the missile attack group of incoming missiles. The defender
strength of a single ship, onto the table rolls a total of six dice and rolls a 1, 2, 3,
in front of the defender's ships. The raid 4, 5, and 6. The 4 and 5 each score one
is then resolved in four steps: long-range hit while the 6 scores two hits, for a total
SAM fire, short-range SAM fire, point of four hits.
defense fire, and missile attacks. 2. Short-Range SAM Fire: The at-
1. Long-Range SAM Fire: The de- tacker now takes his surviving missile
fender now fires long-range SAMs . Each attack counters and allocates them to in-
ship with long-range SAMs fires. The dividual ships. He is not required to at-
long-range SAM value of each ship is the tack any specific ship and may place as
number of dice it rolls for hits. many or as few counters on any ship he
Roll the indicated number of dice and desires. He may not split up missile at-
consult the SAM column of the Missile tack counters. (All missiles fired by a
Combat Table. Count up the total num- single ship are fired at a single target.)
ber of hits shown and subtract that many The defender now fires short-range
missile factors from the attacking raid. SAMs. Unlike long-range SAM fire, each
The defender picks which factors are de- ship must fire its short-range SAM factor
stroyed. Specific missile attack counters at a single missile attack counter. Each
may be reduced in strength; change ship can fire its short-range SAMs at the
counters are provided in all needed missiles attacking either itself or the ship
denominations. it is paired with. The short-range SAM
SAM Defense Diagram
CG
~ after a gun battle will be in the same hex.
BB m§
lowa - 1 =..... ASR: 3
P0; 4 Bunker Hill - 1
SSR:1
S~24
G\lnS!l 1• .. ... SSR: 1
.......
'SSlll:416 till
I•-,, I ,.,.,, I I._.,, I ""''" I
~ l:.I:2l
;
Tanker Merchant
No.1 No. 3
1 1
.11111111 ,~. . . 11 1iiiilil
,._,,I"""" I I•.-" I "'"'' I
Example: Six factors of long-range missiles have survived the long-range
SAM defenses and are now attacking individual ships. The defending player
has placed his ships in pairs, providing each of his three merchant ships with
an escort vessel. The attacking player has split his attacks up so that two factors
are attacking one warship, while two attack the first merchant ship. Single missile
factors are attacking each of the other merchants.
With the first pair, the attacking player is forcing the defending player to decide
whether to have the warship protect itself or the merchant ship. It can only fire
at one counter, and if it ignores its own attackers, it may be sunk. In the other
two cases, the attacker is simply placing attacking missiles on the merchants,
and the escorts get free shots at them.
The counters could be divided up many ways: two factors on each of the
merchant ships or three on two merchant ships to ensure hits while ignoring the
remaining merchant. Only experimentation and experience can guide you.
GOW
value of the firing ship is the number of
dice it rolls on the SAM column of the
Missile Combat Table for hits.
3. Point Defense Fire: Any missiles
that survive short-range SAMs must get
through a ship's point defenses. These
can be very strong, including radar-di-
rected Gatling guns and short-range
missiles. They may also be very weak,
especially on older ships. A ship's point
defenses can only be used to defend it-
self, not another ship.
Take each ship being attacked by
missiles in turn. Look on the data card
for its point defense strength, and roll that
number of dice for hits. Consult the Point
Defense (PD) column of the Missile
Combat Table to determine the number
of hits.
Example: A ship being attacked by
SSMs has a point defense value of 4.
Rolling four dice, the player rolls a 2, 3,
4, and 5. The 2, 3, 4, and 5 are hits, for
a total of four missiles shot down.
4. Missile Attacks:Any missiles which
survive all three defensive layers will
attack the ships. The number of surviv-
ing missile factors is the number of dice
ASR:3 rolled by the attacking player for hits. All
S.t.M:0-10
hits are hull hits on the target ship.
SSR: 1
SSM.2i!
Gv'1•.l
MISSILE COMBAT TABLE
Die Roll SAM PD SSM
1 M M M
2 M H M
;
3 M H H
4 H H H
5 H H H
6 2H 2H 2H
Tactical Hint
To make a successful missile attack,
a player should not fire at every enemy
ship, but pick a few important ones and
overwhelm them. This is called saturat-
ing their defenses-giving the defenders
more incoming missiles than can be shot
down. Note that SAMs, particularly long-
range SAM s, will take out a certain nu m-
ber of missiles regardless of the size of
the raid. So while two small raids might
be stopped completely, a large combined
raid may result in spectacular success.
Play Scenarios 1 and 2
Now.
- - - - - - - - -l2J
Captain's Edition
NAVAL GUNFIRE
Modern surface ships do not depend
entirely on missiles. Almost all ships still
carry at least one gun, used for attack-
ing other ships at close ranges. Modern
guns are automatically loaded, have
radar to help find the target, and some-
times are controlled by computers. Al-
though very accurate, they are still very
short ranged. The farthest-firing gun is
the 16" gun usecl on the Iowa-class bat-
tleships. It can fire a one-ton projectile
over 20 miles. This is still shorter than
the range of most SSMs.
Gunfire Procedure
To engage in surface gunfire, a task
force must enter the enemy formation's
hex. If the enemy ships are faster, they
can either evade or choose to exchange
gunfire. If an enemy force is slower, it
cannot escape and must exchange fire.
If an enemy force is capable of the same
speed as the attacking force, the attack-
ing player rolls the die. If the result is
1-3, he successfully maneuvers his task
force and attacks the enemy in that hex.
All gunfire takes place after missile fire
has been exchanged. A player should
expect to be attacked by any missiles the
other side carries as it comes into gun-
fire range. Usually the attacking player
has already used his missiles; that is why
he is using guns.
Both sides set up their ships in pairs
as before. If missiles were exchanged,
then the formation used for missile fire
is the formation the enemy sides will use
to exchange gunfire. If there was no
previous exchange of missile fire, ar-
range the ships now.
When both sides have arranged their
ships, the ships fire in sequence. Only
one ship of each pair may fire its guns.
This ship is called the "firing ship" and is
placed on top of the other ship in the pair.
The ship on the bottom is called the
"screened ship."
Each firing ship gets one gun attack,
with the results of the fire being resolved
immediately. Each ship may only fire at
a single enemy ship. The ship with the
most powerful gun factor fires first, then
the second-most powerfu l, and so on,
until all ships have fired. Ships with equal
gun factors on opposing sides should roll
the die to see who goes first.
As each ship fires its guns, roll a num-
ber of dice equal to its gunnery factor and
look on the Gun Combat Table. The table
will tell you how many hits were scored,
just as for other types of fire.
If firing at a screened ship, subtract one
from each die roll. (Modified die rolls of O
are misses.)
Breaking Off
After all ships that choose to shoot on
each side have fired, each player
chooses to either break off or continue
the engagement. If both players decide
to break off or if the player with the faster
force decides to break off, the engage-
ment ends.
If only one player wishes to break off
and both task forces are the same speed,
the player wishing to break off rolls a die
and succeeds on a roll of 1 or 2.
If the player with the slower forces
wishes to break off the gun action, he
must roll a 1 on a D6.
If neither task force breaks off, another
round of gun combat is fought.
Two task forces which have broken off
If the attacking player has any movement
left to perform, he can continue his move,
leaving the other force behind. If the
opposing force has broken off and the
attacking player wishes to attack it again,
he must spend one movement point
pursuing it.
GUNFIRE COMBAT TABLE
Die Roll Gun
1 M
2 M
3 M
4 H
5 H
6 H
Play
Scenario 3
Now.
7
ROLLBACK
One of the most important decisions
an attacker has to make is which ship
to attack. Unless a group of incoming
missiles is strong enough to attack ev·
ery ship in a formation, the attacker wi ll
have to pick a few ships to concentrate
his fire on.
Any ship is valuable, and its loss
could affect the fighting power of a
formation. But which ship would hurt the
most? Which ship prevents a task force
from accomplishing its mission?
Warships may be escorting aircraft
carriers, amphibious ships, or merchant
ships. Do not attack the defenders, at-
tack what they are defending.
The most important consideration in
picking a target is wh ich ship will hurt
the enemy most if it is lost. Usually it is
the merchant ship, carrying troops, sup-
plies, or some other valuable cargo. But
the escort will always posit ion itself so
that any attack on the merchant has to
get by it.
The answer is a naval tactic called
"rollback." Instead of attacking just the
merchant ship, attack t he escort as
well. Putting pressure on it means re-
ducing your main attack by one or two
factors, but the escort might shoot down
more than that if it is unmolested.
Also, instead of just putting the pres-
sure on the escorts, you may attempt
to sink them outright. This works if you
have a second wave of attackers, or two
d ifferent types of attacking units that
can work toget her.
If you have both submarines and
long-range strike aircraft , how about
attacki~ a formation first with the subs,
aiming for the powerful missile ships?
If one or more of those are sunk, the
aircraft have an easier time with their
attack. Or lead off with the aircraft, and
let the subs penetrate the weakened
escort screen and attack the valuable
ships.
If you have two or more different at-
tacks, and you decide to try a rollback,
lead off with the strongest attack, con-
centrating on a few ships of the escort
screen. If the attack is successful, the
next attack shou ld be able to inflict
greater damage.
But remember that the goal in roll-
back is to make the real target easier
to get to, not to change targets.
11
8
~ -----
Detection
A task force may not be attacked un-
less it is detected. A player may not
examine the contents of an enemy task
force unless and until it is detected. A task
force detected by one friendly task force
is immediately detected by all other
friendly task forces.
A task force may attempt detection at
any time during its movement, against
any unit which may be in its sensor range.
Similarly, as a unit moves, other nonmov-
ing enemy task forces may attempt de-
tection.
' The ocean surface is a vast place,
something that cannot be really under-
stood until you have sailed around on it
for awhile. Without a long-range sensor,
something that can tell you that there is
something this far away in thatdirection,
you can only see about a 20-mile circle
around your immediate task force. This
is much too small to effectively search
out an enemy, even one who is also trying
to find you. Radar is the long-range
"eyes" of a naval task force. Its influence
is evident in the histories of WWII naval
battles.
A ship will carry several types of sen-
sors used to detect enemy units, includ-
ing sonar and several types of radar. It is
impossible to build one sensor that will
detect all kinds of targets efficiently, so a
ship has to have several.
SURFACE SEARCH RADAR
Surface search radar looks for targets
on or near the sea surface (like ships).
Among other things that make this kind
of radar special, it has to be able to tell
the difference between a real contact and
a wave top, which can also reflect a radar
beam.
Radar allows a task force to see tar-
gets far beyond visual range in darkness
or in bad weather. For reasons that will
be explained shortly, a task force can
choose whether or not to use its radars.
They are declared "on" at the beginning
of a movement turn and are then "on"
until the task force moves again. If a task
GOW
Visual searches may not be conducted
at night. As every turn represents eight
hours, every third turn represents night.
A Turn Record Chart is included on each
Roster Sheet, with one box for each
game turn. Black boxes are night turns.
force has its radar on, show it by using Any task force which contains surface
the red side of the movement counter ships and which enters an enemy base
instead of the white side. A task force with hex is automatically spotted by visual
its radars on is said to be "radiating." search, including during night turns.
A task force using its radars automati-
cally detects all surface ships in its own SONAR
hex. All ships have surface search ra- Ships also detect each other by using
dars, and although the radars are listed sonar. Sonar detects sound waves trans-
as having a range of 1, they can only mitted through the water. A ship works
detect ships in the same hex due to the hard to make as little noise as possible,
closeness of the radar horizon to a sur- but some things cannot be helped.
face ship. The faster a ship goes, the more noise
it makes. Just like a car's engine. the
DETECTING RADARS (ESM) machinery gets noisier as more power
A task force may not want to use its is applied. The flow of the water along
radars, because radar sends out an the hull increases with speed and can be
electronic beam while searching for con- heard as well. If the ship goes fast
tacts. Most warships carry equipment enough, the screw actually creates
(another form of radar receiver) that can bubbles of steam in the water, which
detect radar beams. This receiver will tell "pop" when they burst. This little pop, re-
the detecting ship what direction the peated a thousand times a second,
beam is coming from and what type of creates a rushing noise called cavitation
radar it is. This can be matched against that is very noisy.
known ship and radar combinations to tell All ships equipped with sonar have a
the detector what classes of ships are sonar value of 1 or more. Thesonarvalue
present. This method of radar detection · is at the right of the card in the dark blue
is called electronic support measures box. Sonar can be used to detect enemy
(abbreviated ESM). ships in the same hex, one hex away, or
If a task force moves adjacent to a two hexes away. The chance of detec-
radiating enemy task force or a radiating tion is affected by the sonar strength of
enemy task force moves adjacent to it, the detecting unit, the range to the tar-
the player controlling the task force can get, and the speed of both task forces.
use ESM to detect the enemy force. The To successfully detect an enemy task
player rolls a die and detects the force force, a player must roll less than his task
on a roll of 1-5. force sonar value. The task force sonar
value is the sonar value of the best ship
VISUAL SEARCH in the task force modified as follows:
If a task force that is not using its sur- • If there is more than one sonar-
face search radars enters a hex where equipped ship in the searching task
there are enemy ships or enemy ships force, add one.
enter its hex, the owning player can at- •If searching at one-hex range, sub-
tempt to locate the enemy ships visually. tract two.
The player rolls a die and detects the •If searching at two-hex range, sub-
force on a roll of 1 or 2. If the task force tract three.
does not find the enemy and was con- •Add the speed of the target task
ducting its move, it can spend another force.
movement point looking in that hex and • Subtract the speed of the searching
roll a die again, continuing until it runs task force.
out of movement points, finds the enemy • If a unit was previously detected by
task force, or leaves the hex. any means-radar, sonar, or visual-add
Captain's Edition
----- ~
9 11
one to the searching task force's sonar
value.
Because sound transmission in water
is so unreliable, detection must be rolled
for every time au nit moves from one hex
to another. This applies to movement by
either the detecting unit or the unit being
'
detected.
Example: (Seethe illustration at right).
J Soviet Task Force A is attempting to find
and attack NATO Task Force 1. TF A is
a task force with more than one sonar-
equipped ship, while TF 1 has only a
single ship.
Task Force A moves three hexes, its
maximum speed. It started in sonar
range of TF 1, but sonar detection is only
checked after moving from one hex to
another, so there is no initial test.
After it has moved to the first position,
the player controlling TF 1 announces
that TF A is within sonar detection range
(based on the best sonar present in the
formation). TF 1's best sonar strength is
4, and it moved one hex last turn. TF A is
moving three hexes this turn (declared
by A's player at the beginning of his
move) . TF 1 's sonar value is 3 (4, minus
three for range, minus one for its own
speed, plus three for target speed). He
rolls a 3, which means he has detected
TFA.
TF A wishes to detect TF 1. TF A also
has a sonar strength of 4. However, his
sonar value is O(4, minus three for range,
minus three for own speed, plus one for
target speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships), making successful de-
tection impossible.
TF A moves forward one hex, and the
process is repeated. The speeds are the
same, but the range of two hexes has
now closed to one hex, thus lowering the
range penalty from -3 to -2. TF 1 now
has an effective sonar value of 5 (4,
l minus two for range, minus one for own
speed, plus three for target speed, plus
) one for previously detected). The player
rolls a 6, meaning he has lost contact with
TF A. TF A now has an effective sonar
value of 1 (4, minus two for range, minus
three for own speed, plus one for target
speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships). The player rolls a 2, and
thus does not detect TF 1.
TF A moves its third hex and enters
the same hex as TF 1 . TF 1 now has an
effective sonar value of 7 (4, minus one
for own speed , plus three for target
speed, plus one for previously detected),
making detection a certainty. TF A now
has an effective sonar value of 3 (3,
minus three for own speed, plus one for
target speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships). The player rolls a 2, and
thus detects TF 1 .
Play
Scenario 4
Now.
DUMMY UNITS
Harpoon Captain's Edition is a game
of limited information, designed to pre-
vent the enemy player from knowing
more about your forces than he wou ld
know in the real world. Of course, your
information about the enemy player's
strength is also limited. For example, the
enemy has no way of knowing what ships
are in a formation unless he gets close
enough to attack it.
In reality, the ocean is a vast, empty
place with units hiding over, on, or under
its surface. Even the presence of a task
force counter on the game board tells the
enemy that something is there.
To make up for this, each player w ill
be given a number of dummy ship cards.
These can be used to form one or more
dummy task forces. A dummy task force
contains one or more dummy ship cards.
A player may have as many dummy task
forces in play as he wishes, up to the
number of dummy cards in the card deck.
NATO's sound surveillance system
(SOSUS), an elaborate series of sound
sensors deployed at fixed points on the
ocean bottom, along w ith superior air-
borne and orbital strategic surveillance
assets, give it an important edge in the
detection and concealment battle. To
represent this advantage , the NATO
player has five dummy cards while the
Soviet player has only three.
There are no limits on the movement
of a dummy task force. but obvi ously if it
moves too fast or somehow behaves
differently from a real task force, the other
side will catch on to the act.
Also, since these are not real units,
they cannot detect or attack anything. If
a successful visual or SSR search is
made of hex containing a dummy task
force, the owning player must announce
that there are no surface ships present.
(This leaves open the possibility that the
dummy might be a submarine task force.)
If a dummy task force is detected by
sonar, it is removed from play, as its
nature is revealed. When a dummy task
force is detected and remov ed, t he
dummy card or cards in the force may
be shifted to any otherfriendly task fo rce.
Dummy task forces may be on the
board at the start of the game or be in-
troduced during the game. For instance,
an existing task force could pretend to
split into two task forces, w ith only one
being real. Of course, since a task force
can split, the enemy player cannot know
if the new task force is real or not.
Players may switch dummy cards from
one task force to another at will, even if
the two task forces are not in the same
hex. When switching to a task force in a
different hex, show the card to your
opponent to verify that you are only
switching a dummy, not a real ship.
Play
Scenario 5
Now.
11
8
~ -----
Detection
A task force may not be attacked un-
less it is detected. A player may not
examine the contents of an enemy task
force unless and until it is detected. A task
force detected by one friendly task force
is immediately detected by all other
friendly task forces.
A task force may attempt detection at
any time during its movement, against
any unit which may be in its sensor range.
Similarly, as a unit moves, other nonmov-
ing enemy task forces may attempt de-
tection.
' The ocean surface is a vast place,
something that cannot be really under-
stood until you have sailed around on it
for awhile. Without a long-range sensor,
something that can tell you that there is
something this far away in thatdirection,
you can only see about a 20-mile circle
around your immediate task force. This
is much too small to effectively search
out an enemy, even one who is also trying
to find you. Radar is the long-range
"eyes" of a naval task force. Its influence
is evident in the histories of WWII naval
battles.
A ship will carry several types of sen-
sors used to detect enemy units, includ-
ing sonar and several types of radar. It is
impossible to build one sensor that will
detect all kinds of targets efficiently, so a
ship has to have several.
SURFACE SEARCH RADAR
Surface search radar looks for targets
on or near the sea surface (like ships).
Among other things that make this kind
of radar special, it has to be able to tell
the difference between a real contact and
a wave top, which can also reflect a radar
beam.
Radar allows a task force to see tar-
gets far beyond visual range in darkness
or in bad weather. For reasons that will
be explained shortly, a task force can
choose whether or not to use its radars.
They are declared "on" at the beginning
of a movement turn and are then "on"
until the task force moves again. If a task
GOW
Visual searches may not be conducted
at night. As every turn represents eight
hours, every third turn represents night.
A Turn Record Chart is included on each
Roster Sheet, with one box for each
game turn. Black boxes are night turns.
force has its radar on, show it by using Any task force which contains surface
the red side of the movement counter ships and which enters an enemy base
instead of the white side. A task force with hex is automatically spotted by visual
its radars on is said to be "radiating." search, including during night turns.
A task force using its radars automati-
cally detects all surface ships in its own SONAR
hex. All ships have surface search ra- Ships also detect each other by using
dars, and although the radars are listed sonar. Sonar detects sound waves trans-
as having a range of 1, they can only mitted through the water. A ship works
detect ships in the same hex due to the hard to make as little noise as possible,
closeness of the radar horizon to a sur- but some things cannot be helped.
face ship. The faster a ship goes, the more noise
it makes. Just like a car's engine. the
DETECTING RADARS (ESM) machinery gets noisier as more power
A task force may not want to use its is applied. The flow of the water along
radars, because radar sends out an the hull increases with speed and can be
electronic beam while searching for con- heard as well. If the ship goes fast
tacts. Most warships carry equipment enough, the screw actually creates
(another form of radar receiver) that can bubbles of steam in the water, which
detect radar beams. This receiver will tell "pop" when they burst. This little pop, re-
the detecting ship what direction the peated a thousand times a second,
beam is coming from and what type of creates a rushing noise called cavitation
radar it is. This can be matched against that is very noisy.
known ship and radar combinations to tell All ships equipped with sonar have a
the detector what classes of ships are sonar value of 1 or more. Thesonarvalue
present. This method of radar detection · is at the right of the card in the dark blue
is called electronic support measures box. Sonar can be used to detect enemy
(abbreviated ESM). ships in the same hex, one hex away, or
If a task force moves adjacent to a two hexes away. The chance of detec-
radiating enemy task force or a radiating tion is affected by the sonar strength of
enemy task force moves adjacent to it, the detecting unit, the range to the tar-
the player controlling the task force can get, and the speed of both task forces.
use ESM to detect the enemy force. The To successfully detect an enemy task
player rolls a die and detects the force force, a player must roll less than his task
on a roll of 1-5. force sonar value. The task force sonar
value is the sonar value of the best ship
VISUAL SEARCH in the task force modified as follows:
If a task force that is not using its sur- • If there is more than one sonar-
face search radars enters a hex where equipped ship in the searching task
there are enemy ships or enemy ships force, add one.
enter its hex, the owning player can at- •If searching at one-hex range, sub-
tempt to locate the enemy ships visually. tract two.
The player rolls a die and detects the •If searching at two-hex range, sub-
force on a roll of 1 or 2. If the task force tract three.
does not find the enemy and was con- •Add the speed of the target task
ducting its move, it can spend another force.
movement point looking in that hex and • Subtract the speed of the searching
roll a die again, continuing until it runs task force.
out of movement points, finds the enemy • If a unit was previously detected by
task force, or leaves the hex. any means-radar, sonar, or visual-add
Captain's Edition
----- ~
9 11
one to the searching task force's sonar
value.
Because sound transmission in water
is so unreliable, detection must be rolled
for every time au nit moves from one hex
to another. This applies to movement by
either the detecting unit or the unit being
'
detected.
Example: (Seethe illustration at right).
J Soviet Task Force A is attempting to find
and attack NATO Task Force 1. TF A is
a task force with more than one sonar-
equipped ship, while TF 1 has only a
single ship.
Task Force A moves three hexes, its
maximum speed. It started in sonar
range of TF 1, but sonar detection is only
checked after moving from one hex to
another, so there is no initial test.
After it has moved to the first position,
the player controlling TF 1 announces
that TF A is within sonar detection range
(based on the best sonar present in the
formation). TF 1's best sonar strength is
4, and it moved one hex last turn. TF A is
moving three hexes this turn (declared
by A's player at the beginning of his
move) . TF 1 's sonar value is 3 (4, minus
three for range, minus one for its own
speed, plus three for target speed). He
rolls a 3, which means he has detected
TFA.
TF A wishes to detect TF 1. TF A also
has a sonar strength of 4. However, his
sonar value is O(4, minus three for range,
minus three for own speed, plus one for
target speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships), making successful de-
tection impossible.
TF A moves forward one hex, and the
process is repeated. The speeds are the
same, but the range of two hexes has
now closed to one hex, thus lowering the
range penalty from -3 to -2. TF 1 now
has an effective sonar value of 5 (4,
l minus two for range, minus one for own
speed, plus three for target speed, plus
) one for previously detected). The player
rolls a 6, meaning he has lost contact with
TF A. TF A now has an effective sonar
value of 1 (4, minus two for range, minus
three for own speed, plus one for target
speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships). The player rolls a 2, and
thus does not detect TF 1.
TF A moves its third hex and enters
the same hex as TF 1 . TF 1 now has an
effective sonar value of 7 (4, minus one
for own speed , plus three for target
speed, plus one for previously detected),
making detection a certainty. TF A now
has an effective sonar value of 3 (3,
minus three for own speed, plus one for
target speed, plus one for multiple sonar-
equipped ships). The player rolls a 2, and
thus detects TF 1 .
Play
Scenario 4
Now.
DUMMY UNITS
Harpoon Captain's Edition is a game
of limited information, designed to pre-
vent the enemy player from knowing
more about your forces than he wou ld
know in the real world. Of course, your
information about the enemy player's
strength is also limited. For example, the
enemy has no way of knowing what ships
are in a formation unless he gets close
enough to attack it.
In reality, the ocean is a vast, empty
place with units hiding over, on, or under
its surface. Even the presence of a task
force counter on the game board tells the
enemy that something is there.
To make up for this, each player w ill
be given a number of dummy ship cards.
These can be used to form one or more
dummy task forces. A dummy task force
contains one or more dummy ship cards.
A player may have as many dummy task
forces in play as he wishes, up to the
number of dummy cards in the card deck.
NATO's sound surveillance system
(SOSUS), an elaborate series of sound
sensors deployed at fixed points on the
ocean bottom, along w ith superior air-
borne and orbital strategic surveillance
assets, give it an important edge in the
detection and concealment battle. To
represent this advantage , the NATO
player has five dummy cards while the
Soviet player has only three.
There are no limits on the movement
of a dummy task force. but obvi ously if it
moves too fast or somehow behaves
differently from a real task force, the other
side will catch on to the act.
Also, since these are not real units,
they cannot detect or attack anything. If
a successful visual or SSR search is
made of hex containing a dummy task
force, the owning player must announce
that there are no surface ships present.
(This leaves open the possibility that the
dummy might be a submarine task force.)
If a dummy task force is detected by
sonar, it is removed from play, as its
nature is revealed. When a dummy task
force is detected and remov ed, t he
dummy card or cards in the force may
be shifted to any otherfriendly task fo rce.
Dummy task forces may be on the
board at the start of the game or be in-
troduced during the game. For instance,
an existing task force could pretend to
split into two task forces, w ith only one
being real. Of course, since a task force
can split, the enemy player cannot know
if the new task force is real or not.
Players may switch dummy cards from
one task force to another at will, even if
the two task forces are not in the same
hex. When switching to a task force in a
different hex, show the card to your
opponent to verify that you are only
switching a dummy, not a real ship.
Play
Scenario 5
Now.
1----i
~ ---------
GOW Captain's Edition
~--------------------------------- ~
n
Nuclear propulsion, pioneered in USS strength. They also have a torpedo screened ships are made. One Akula divides its torpedo factor
Nautilus in 1954, gave the submarine strength, which is used for attacking Additionally, if a sub attacks only a ship between a Perry-class frigate and the
true independence from the surface. surface ships at very short range. Torpe- or ships in the screen, only the ship di- merchant ship it is escorting, while the
Submarines Modern nuclear submarines stay sub-
merged for months at a time, making their
does may only be fired at targets in the
same hex as the attacking submarine.
rectly attacked can counterattack the other sub fires all of its torpedoes at the
sub, and only if it survives the attack. If Spruance-class destroyer.
own air. The only limiting factors are food Submarines are attacked using a the sub attacks one or more screened First the subs attack the screening
Submarines have revolutionized naval a major factor in Japan's defeat. and the crew's desire for open space and variety of weapons carried on surface ships, it can be counterattacked by the ships. Akula-1 rolls two dice against 0.H.
warfare since their introduction early in The submarines of WWI I had much sunlight. vessels and other submarines. These ASW value of any one ship in the forma- Perry-1 and rolls a 3 and 4. Both of these
this century. They had a real influence in more reliable weapons and sensors, but Other changes since WWII have are collectively dealt with by a vessel's tion. are misses. Akula-2 rolls a 1, 2 , 3, and 6.
World War I, in spite of their primitive were still tied to the surface. They could added guided missiles to the sub's list of ASW rating. ASW Attacks: Subs may only be at- The 1, 2, and 3 are misses, but the 6
sensors and short-range weapons . In operate submerged for about 24 hours, weapons, along with longer-range, more SSMs: Surface to surface missiles tacked by antisubmarine weapons scores two hull hits. Since the Spruance
World War II, the submarine threat be- during which time they were almost im- accurate torpedoes. may not be used to attack submarines. (ASW). If a submarine attacks a surface has a hull strength of 2, two hits sink it.
came a major part of any naval planner's mobile. A destroyer in WWI I could steam Surface ships have a much harder Submarines may use SSMs to attack ship formation, the rules describe which Next, the ships in the task force
consideration. A submarine campaign by at 30 knots easily, but a submerged sub time dealing with submarines than they surface ships, exactly as described in the ships are allowed to counterattack the counterattack. Since Aku/a-2 only at-
Germany almost knocked Britain out of could only move at three to four knots for did in WWII. A modern sub is as mobile previous section. Submarines may not sub and when they may counterattack. tacked a screening ship (the Spruance),
the war, and submarines certainly were any length of time. as a surface ship, often has better sen- attack with SSMs while under the ice If an enemy submarine is detected in it is only liable to counterattack from that
sors, and usually has surprise on its side. shelf. the same hex as a friendly ship, sub, or ship. Since the Spruance is sunk, the
Thousands of square miles may hide a Torpedoes: When a submarine suc- aircraft, it may be attacked by every air- Akula is safe for now. Akula-1 is also
SHIP AND SUB TYPES single sub, but where exactly is it? Sur- cessfully moves into a hex and detects craft and any one ship in the hex with an attacking a screened ship (the mer-
Ships are classed according to function and to size. It happens that larger face vessels must always be on guard. an enemy formation, it can launch a ASW strength greater than zero. chant) , and so may be attacked by any
ships are usually better armed than smaller ones. torpedo. As in SSM fire, the player being Each attacking unit rolls dice equal to one vessel in the task force. The NATO
Aircraft carriers are the most important ships in any navy. They must be very MOVEMENT attacked should arrange his ships in its ASW value for hits. Consult the ASW player attacks with the Nimitz, which has
large to provide room for the planes to take off and land and to provide hangar Submarines may never be grouped in pairs. Attack Table for results. anASWvalue of 4. He rolls four dice and
space. They are usually fast, because the faster the air moves over a carrier's a task force with surface vessels. They The attacking player then decides rolls a 2, 3 , 4, and 5 . The 5 causes one
deck, the easier it is for aircraft to take off. Carriers use their airplanes to attack may be grouped with other submarines. which ships he will attack. If there is more ASW Attack Table hull hit w hile the other rolls miss . The
land targets and enemy task forces and to protect their own force from attack. Submarine task forces move in exactly than one submarine in a task force, they Die Roll Result Soviet player marks off one hull hit box
Battleships are large ships that were built with big guns, the idea being to the same way as do surface task forces, may each attack a separate target. Eac h 1 M on the Akula-1. Since.the Akula takes
attack enemy ships and sink them at long range. During WWII , this role was and are subject to all of the same limita- sub can attack one ship with its entire 2 M three hull hits to sink, it is still able to carry
taken over by the aircraft carrier, which could sink ships at 1Otimes the range tions, with one exception : Submarine strength or split it up among several 3 M out its attack on the merchant ship.
of a battleship's big guns, so the battleships were instead used to bombard task forces ignore ice for purposes of targets. 4 M The Akula now attacks the merchant
shore targets during amphibious landings, and were a huge success. Today movement. That is, they pay only one To attack w ith torpedoes, roll a num- 5 H ship w ith its two remaining torpedo fac-
the battleship not only carries its big guns, but large numbers of cruise mis- movement point per seasonal ice hex ber of dice equal to the torpedo value for 6 H tors. It rolls a 4 and a 6. The 4 misses
siles, which can attack ships or shore targets hundreds of miles away. entered and may move freely under the hits. Consult the Torpedo Attack Table to while the 6 causes two hull hits. The
Before WWI, cruisers started out as scouts for the battleships. They then ice shelf. determine how many hits were scored. Example: A pair of submarines attack NATO player marks off two hull hit boxes
became escorts, and finally developed into ships carrying long-range guided a formation of surface ships. The battle from the merchant vessel on the Roster
missiles, which are used to protect carriers and other valuable ships from at- DETLCTION Torp do At ac T ble layout is illustrated below. Sheet. However, since the merchant
tack. Cruisers are scarce and expensive and must in turn be screened by other, Submarines may be detected only by Die Roll Result A surface task force made up of the vessel takes three hull hits to sink, it is
smaller warships. sonar and ESM; they may never be 1 M Nimitz, a merchant ship, a Spruance- still afloat.
Destroyers are the smallest general-purpose warship class. They are used detected by surface search radar (SSR) 2 M class destroyer, and two Perry-class frig-
to screen a task force from attack, investigate and attack surface contacts, or visual search. If a successful visual or 3 M ates is attacked by two Aku/a-class sub - Play Scenarios 6, 7, and 8
and even conduct rescue operations. They are so small, though, that usually SSR search is made of a hex containing 4 M ma rines. All ships are assumed to be Now.
more than one destroyer is needed to effectively protect a task force. a submarine task force , the owning 5 H undamaged.

. .
Frigates are ships even smaller than destroyers. Their size usually limits player must announce that there are no 6 2H
them to just one specialized function, such as antisubmarine warfare. On the surface ships present. (This will indicate Torpedo
=. .• ~i··
SSH

..
M ula · I
other hand, their small size makes them less expensive, so more can be built. to the searching player that the task force As with any other attack, the enemy
Submarines have changed since the days of WWII. With the addition of is either a dummy or a submarine.) player gets to counterattack, provided
Attack ' ~~ '
nuclear power and homing torpedoes, a submarine is a true undersea preda- Submarines are equipped with surface the attacking sub or subs are spotted. All Diagram ...... , ) -Ji

tor. Surprise and stealth are its best weapons, though, because once found it search radars and, as is the case with counterattacks against submarines are
cannot defend itself. surface task forces, may only be de- conducted with the ASW value of the
tected by ESM when using them. Sub- counterattacking ship.
Merchant ships and amphibious ships are the reason warships exist. Al-
though men may fight at sea, they live on the land, and wars are won on land
as well. These ships carry supplies and men from one place to another across
marines cannot use surface search radar
while under the ice shelf.
Torpedo attacks against ships in the
formation screen (the top card of each _., FFG

,_,,_,,
I""
O.H. P.,,-y - 2

lb
- ::-:·•

!!!!! ':\!

the sea. Surprisingly, this is still the most efficient and fastest way to move pair) are made before the ASW forces
large cargoes from place to place. Warships will defend these kinds of ships, COMBAT attack. Then all ASW counterattacks
and enemy warships will attack them; the outcome will determine a war's victor. Like surface ships, submarines have against the submarines are made, and
a long-range and short-range SSM finally all torpedo attacks against the
1----i
~ ---------
GOW Captain's Edition
~--------------------------------- ~
n
Nuclear propulsion, pioneered in USS strength. They also have a torpedo screened ships are made. One Akula divides its torpedo factor
Nautilus in 1954, gave the submarine strength, which is used for attacking Additionally, if a sub attacks only a ship between a Perry-class frigate and the
true independence from the surface. surface ships at very short range. Torpe- or ships in the screen, only the ship di- merchant ship it is escorting, while the
Submarines Modern nuclear submarines stay sub-
merged for months at a time, making their
does may only be fired at targets in the
same hex as the attacking submarine.
rectly attacked can counterattack the other sub fires all of its torpedoes at the
sub, and only if it survives the attack. If Spruance-class destroyer.
own air. The only limiting factors are food Submarines are attacked using a the sub attacks one or more screened First the subs attack the screening
Submarines have revolutionized naval a major factor in Japan's defeat. and the crew's desire for open space and variety of weapons carried on surface ships, it can be counterattacked by the ships. Akula-1 rolls two dice against 0.H.
warfare since their introduction early in The submarines of WWI I had much sunlight. vessels and other submarines. These ASW value of any one ship in the forma- Perry-1 and rolls a 3 and 4. Both of these
this century. They had a real influence in more reliable weapons and sensors, but Other changes since WWII have are collectively dealt with by a vessel's tion. are misses. Akula-2 rolls a 1, 2 , 3, and 6.
World War I, in spite of their primitive were still tied to the surface. They could added guided missiles to the sub's list of ASW rating. ASW Attacks: Subs may only be at- The 1, 2, and 3 are misses, but the 6
sensors and short-range weapons . In operate submerged for about 24 hours, weapons, along with longer-range, more SSMs: Surface to surface missiles tacked by antisubmarine weapons scores two hull hits. Since the Spruance
World War II, the submarine threat be- during which time they were almost im- accurate torpedoes. may not be used to attack submarines. (ASW). If a submarine attacks a surface has a hull strength of 2, two hits sink it.
came a major part of any naval planner's mobile. A destroyer in WWI I could steam Surface ships have a much harder Submarines may use SSMs to attack ship formation, the rules describe which Next, the ships in the task force
consideration. A submarine campaign by at 30 knots easily, but a submerged sub time dealing with submarines than they surface ships, exactly as described in the ships are allowed to counterattack the counterattack. Since Aku/a-2 only at-
Germany almost knocked Britain out of could only move at three to four knots for did in WWII. A modern sub is as mobile previous section. Submarines may not sub and when they may counterattack. tacked a screening ship (the Spruance),
the war, and submarines certainly were any length of time. as a surface ship, often has better sen- attack with SSMs while under the ice If an enemy submarine is detected in it is only liable to counterattack from that
sors, and usually has surprise on its side. shelf. the same hex as a friendly ship, sub, or ship. Since the Spruance is sunk, the
Thousands of square miles may hide a Torpedoes: When a submarine suc- aircraft, it may be attacked by every air- Akula is safe for now. Akula-1 is also
SHIP AND SUB TYPES single sub, but where exactly is it? Sur- cessfully moves into a hex and detects craft and any one ship in the hex with an attacking a screened ship (the mer-
Ships are classed according to function and to size. It happens that larger face vessels must always be on guard. an enemy formation, it can launch a ASW strength greater than zero. chant) , and so may be attacked by any
ships are usually better armed than smaller ones. torpedo. As in SSM fire, the player being Each attacking unit rolls dice equal to one vessel in the task force. The NATO
Aircraft carriers are the most important ships in any navy. They must be very MOVEMENT attacked should arrange his ships in its ASW value for hits. Consult the ASW player attacks with the Nimitz, which has
large to provide room for the planes to take off and land and to provide hangar Submarines may never be grouped in pairs. Attack Table for results. anASWvalue of 4. He rolls four dice and
space. They are usually fast, because the faster the air moves over a carrier's a task force with surface vessels. They The attacking player then decides rolls a 2, 3 , 4, and 5 . The 5 causes one
deck, the easier it is for aircraft to take off. Carriers use their airplanes to attack may be grouped with other submarines. which ships he will attack. If there is more ASW Attack Table hull hit w hile the other rolls miss . The
land targets and enemy task forces and to protect their own force from attack. Submarine task forces move in exactly than one submarine in a task force, they Die Roll Result Soviet player marks off one hull hit box
Battleships are large ships that were built with big guns, the idea being to the same way as do surface task forces, may each attack a separate target. Eac h 1 M on the Akula-1. Since.the Akula takes
attack enemy ships and sink them at long range. During WWII , this role was and are subject to all of the same limita- sub can attack one ship with its entire 2 M three hull hits to sink, it is still able to carry
taken over by the aircraft carrier, which could sink ships at 1Otimes the range tions, with one exception : Submarine strength or split it up among several 3 M out its attack on the merchant ship.
of a battleship's big guns, so the battleships were instead used to bombard task forces ignore ice for purposes of targets. 4 M The Akula now attacks the merchant
shore targets during amphibious landings, and were a huge success. Today movement. That is, they pay only one To attack w ith torpedoes, roll a num- 5 H ship w ith its two remaining torpedo fac-
the battleship not only carries its big guns, but large numbers of cruise mis- movement point per seasonal ice hex ber of dice equal to the torpedo value for 6 H tors. It rolls a 4 and a 6. The 4 misses
siles, which can attack ships or shore targets hundreds of miles away. entered and may move freely under the hits. Consult the Torpedo Attack Table to while the 6 causes two hull hits. The
Before WWI, cruisers started out as scouts for the battleships. They then ice shelf. determine how many hits were scored. Example: A pair of submarines attack NATO player marks off two hull hit boxes
became escorts, and finally developed into ships carrying long-range guided a formation of surface ships. The battle from the merchant vessel on the Roster
missiles, which are used to protect carriers and other valuable ships from at- DETLCTION Torp do At ac T ble layout is illustrated below. Sheet. However, since the merchant
tack. Cruisers are scarce and expensive and must in turn be screened by other, Submarines may be detected only by Die Roll Result A surface task force made up of the vessel takes three hull hits to sink, it is
smaller warships. sonar and ESM; they may never be 1 M Nimitz, a merchant ship, a Spruance- still afloat.
Destroyers are the smallest general-purpose warship class. They are used detected by surface search radar (SSR) 2 M class destroyer, and two Perry-class frig-
to screen a task force from attack, investigate and attack surface contacts, or visual search. If a successful visual or 3 M ates is attacked by two Aku/a-class sub - Play Scenarios 6, 7, and 8
and even conduct rescue operations. They are so small, though, that usually SSR search is made of a hex containing 4 M ma rines. All ships are assumed to be Now.
more than one destroyer is needed to effectively protect a task force. a submarine task force , the owning 5 H undamaged.

. .
Frigates are ships even smaller than destroyers. Their size usually limits player must announce that there are no 6 2H
them to just one specialized function, such as antisubmarine warfare. On the surface ships present. (This will indicate Torpedo
=. .• ~i··
SSH

..
M ula · I
other hand, their small size makes them less expensive, so more can be built. to the searching player that the task force As with any other attack, the enemy
Submarines have changed since the days of WWII. With the addition of is either a dummy or a submarine.) player gets to counterattack, provided
Attack ' ~~ '
nuclear power and homing torpedoes, a submarine is a true undersea preda- Submarines are equipped with surface the attacking sub or subs are spotted. All Diagram ...... , ) -Ji

tor. Surprise and stealth are its best weapons, though, because once found it search radars and, as is the case with counterattacks against submarines are
cannot defend itself. surface task forces, may only be de- conducted with the ASW value of the
tected by ESM when using them. Sub- counterattacking ship.
Merchant ships and amphibious ships are the reason warships exist. Al-
though men may fight at sea, they live on the land, and wars are won on land
as well. These ships carry supplies and men from one place to another across
marines cannot use surface search radar
while under the ice shelf.
Torpedo attacks against ships in the
formation screen (the top card of each _., FFG

,_,,_,,
I""
O.H. P.,,-y - 2

lb
- ::-:·•

!!!!! ':\!

the sea. Surprisingly, this is still the most efficient and fastest way to move pair) are made before the ASW forces
large cargoes from place to place. Warships will defend these kinds of ships, COMBAT attack. Then all ASW counterattacks
and enemy warships will attack them; the outcome will determine a war's victor. Like surface ships, submarines have against the submarines are made, and
a long-range and short-range SSM finally all torpedo attacks against the
11
~ --------
Patrol Aircraft
The introduction of reliable aircraft in
the First World War changed naval
operations forever. Aircraft first operated
as the "eyes" of the fleet, searching wide
areas visually for enemy ships. Adding
radar only made them more effective.
If you have played some of the earlier
games, you now understand what a large
part search plays in naval warfare, and
how valuable aircraft were to the naval
commander. It was only later that they
became powerful offensive weapons
carriers as well.
Two types of aircraft are used in
Captain's Edition: "patrol" aircraft and
"tactical" aircraft. This section will cover
patrol aircraft; tactical aircraft will be
covered later.
Patrol aircraft are large, slow, long-
range planes that are used to search for
enemy ships and submarines. They are
almost defenseless, but they still give the
commander a valuable set of "eyes."
These planes can fly for many hours,
and go far out to sea. They carry radar,
ESM to detect radars, and sonar buoys
and other sensors to find submarines.
They sometimes carry torpedoes to at-
tack submarines or missiles to attack
surface ships, but their antiair weapons
are effectively nonexistent.
MOVEMENT
Patrol aircraft are treated differently
than ships in a number of ways. For one
thing, patrol aircraft are not represented
by task force counters, but instead by the
model aircraft included in the game. Each
patrol aircraft is assigned one such air-
craft and a movement chit with the same
letter or number as the aircraft. The
movement chit is placed in the movement
cup with the various task force chits, and
the patrol aircraft moves when its chit is
drawn.
While each individual ship has its own
data card, there is only one data card per
type of patrol aircraft included in the
game. The patrol aircraft itself has a
counter.
For example, there are two P-3 Orions
~
included in the game.
P-3 .
There 1s one ata
d Patrol aircraft are always assumed to
~
card for them, one
2
counter labeled "P-3
No. 1" and one counter which is labeled
"P-3 No. 2."
When a patrol aircraft is in play, pick
one plastic aircraft to represent it on the
map and place the aircraft's counterface-
down under the aircraft's base. This way
the opposing player does not know what
type of aircraft is represented by a patrol
aircraft until he detects it.
Each patrol plane used in the game
actually represents several aircraft.
While one is searching, another is on its
way back to base and being refueled, and
another one or two are being repaired
while their crews eat and sleep. In this
way, one aircraft can always be aloft,
looking for the enemy. As a result, the
aircraft model can be left on the map
continuously.
Whenever it is time to move it, a patrol
aircraft may be moved to any other hex
on the map with the following limitations:
• A patrol aircraft may never move
through any hex of Finland or Sweden,
as these two countries are armed neu-
trals.
• A patrol aircraft may never enter a
hex which is further away from a friendly
airbase than the aircraft's operational
radius. The aircraft's radius is printed at
the bottom of the data card.
A friendly airbase for ground-based
aircraft is any friendly printed airbase.
BOdo, Keflavik, and Leuchars are friendly
bases for the NATO player while Severo-
morsk is friendly for the Soviet player.
Ground-based aircraft are printed black
on their national color.
A friendly airbase for carrier-based
aircraft is any friendly printed airbase
and/or the task force containing the
friendly aircraft carrier. NATO carrier-
based aircraft are printed white on blue
while Soviet carrier aircraft are printed
yellow on red .
GOW
DETECTION
Patrol aircraft detect task forces using
the same means as task forces detect-
ing each other: sonar, surface search
radar, ESM, and visual search. Unlike
surface task forces, however, they may
only conduct searches in the hex in which
they end their movement.
have their radar on (provided they are
equipped with radar). The air search and
surface search radar ranges are listed
on the aircraft's data card.
Patrol aircraft can also use ESM, as
described earlier, to detect enemy ra-
dars. They can detect enemy surface
ship radars at a range of three hexes, one
hex farther than a surface ship. This is
because their greater altitude allows
them to see farther.
Patrol aircraft equipped with sonar
may use it in the same manner as can
any surface ship, except that a patrol
aircraft may not conduct a sonar search
when patrolling over an ice shelf hex.
Finally, patrol aircraft may search for
surface ships visually. Each time they
end their movement in a hex with an
enemy task force, roll a die. On a 5 or
less they have detected the task force
occupying that hex (provided it contains
surface ships). If it is a dummy task force
or made up of submarines, the owning
player tells his opponent only that there
are no surface ships present.
Detecting Aircraft
Aircraft are detected by air search
radars (ASR). These radar beams are
angled up, and they are much more
powerful than a surface search radar,
because they must detect contacts
hundreds of miles away. Air traffic con-
trollers all use air search radars to see
and direct airliners.
A plane or ship's air search radar range
is shown on its data card. It will be either
o (no air search radar), 1, 2, or 3. This
number means that the radar will auto-
matically detect air targets zero, one, two,
or three hexes away, if the radar is on.
A task force has the ASR range of its
most powerful radar. If there are ships in
a task force with air radar ranges of 0, 1,
1, and 2, the task force has an air radar
range of two hexes. If that ship is sunk or
- - - - - - - -l2:J
Captain's Edition
loses its radar due to battle damage, the
force's ASR range is one hex.
A task force may use its ASR to detect
enemy missiles in flight and fire its long-
range SAMs at them, even if the task
force is not the target of the attack.
COMBAT
Patrol aircraft can be attacked by
missiles and can also launch attacks
against submarines or surface ships .
SAM Attacks
Any patrol aircraft which is detected by
the ASR of a task force may be attacked
by that task force (only) using long-range
SAMs. The ship with the highest long-
range SAM value conducts the attack.
Any patrol aircraft which is detected in
the same hex as a task force may be fired
on by that task force using either long-
range or short-range SAMs. The ship
with the highest SAM value conducts the
attack.
Example: In the illustration above, Task Forces 2 and 3 are using their air
search radars to protect a third task force. The enemy attacks must pass
through their radars, and be subject to possible attack, before the enemy finds
Task Force 1. Task Force 1 is leaving its air search radars off to avoid detec-
tion by ESM.
n13
SAM attacks on patrol aircraft are are marked off on the Roster Sheet, the
conducted in the same way as attacks air unit is no longer combat effective and
on surface to surface missiles with one may no longer fly missions.
exception. Each time a hit is scored on
an aircraft, roll again on the Aircraft Aircraft Damage Table
Damage Table to determine the type of Die Roll Result
damage sustained. Three results are 1 No effect
possible. 2-3 Abort
No Effect: The missile causes no 4-6 Shot down
significant damage.
Abort: The patrol aircraft breaks off its
mission and returns to base (is removed
from the map). If it has not yet moved this
turn, the return to base counts as its
movement. It may be placed on the map
again next turn when its movement chit
is drawn.
Shot Down: The aircraft is destroyed
and removed from the map. The owning
player marks off one box next to the
aircraft on the Roster Sheet. The aircraft
may be placed on the map again next
turn when its movement chit is drawn.
However, when all of the ai rcraft boxes
\
i
Attacks By Aircraft
Some patrol aircraft are armed with
either SSMs or ASW weapons. These
aircraft may use them to attack at the end
of their move or to counterattack any unit
within range which attacks them during
enemy movement. Attacks against sur-
face ships with SSMs and submarines
with ASW are conducted in the same way
as if launched by ships. Patrol aircraft
may only attack once per turn.
Play
Scenarios 9, 10 and 11
Now.
11
~ --------
Patrol Aircraft
The introduction of reliable aircraft in
the First World War changed naval
operations forever. Aircraft first operated
as the "eyes" of the fleet, searching wide
areas visually for enemy ships. Adding
radar only made them more effective.
If you have played some of the earlier
games, you now understand what a large
part search plays in naval warfare, and
how valuable aircraft were to the naval
commander. It was only later that they
became powerful offensive weapons
carriers as well.
Two types of aircraft are used in
Captain's Edition: "patrol" aircraft and
"tactical" aircraft. This section will cover
patrol aircraft; tactical aircraft will be
covered later.
Patrol aircraft are large, slow, long-
range planes that are used to search for
enemy ships and submarines. They are
almost defenseless, but they still give the
commander a valuable set of "eyes."
These planes can fly for many hours,
and go far out to sea. They carry radar,
ESM to detect radars, and sonar buoys
and other sensors to find submarines.
They sometimes carry torpedoes to at-
tack submarines or missiles to attack
surface ships, but their antiair weapons
are effectively nonexistent.
MOVEMENT
Patrol aircraft are treated differently
than ships in a number of ways. For one
thing, patrol aircraft are not represented
by task force counters, but instead by the
model aircraft included in the game. Each
patrol aircraft is assigned one such air-
craft and a movement chit with the same
letter or number as the aircraft. The
movement chit is placed in the movement
cup with the various task force chits, and
the patrol aircraft moves when its chit is
drawn.
While each individual ship has its own
data card, there is only one data card per
type of patrol aircraft included in the
game. The patrol aircraft itself has a
counter.
For example, there are two P-3 Orions
~
included in the game.
P-3 .
There 1s one ata
d Patrol aircraft are always assumed to
~
card for them, one
2
counter labeled "P-3
No. 1" and one counter which is labeled
"P-3 No. 2."
When a patrol aircraft is in play, pick
one plastic aircraft to represent it on the
map and place the aircraft's counterface-
down under the aircraft's base. This way
the opposing player does not know what
type of aircraft is represented by a patrol
aircraft until he detects it.
Each patrol plane used in the game
actually represents several aircraft.
While one is searching, another is on its
way back to base and being refueled, and
another one or two are being repaired
while their crews eat and sleep. In this
way, one aircraft can always be aloft,
looking for the enemy. As a result, the
aircraft model can be left on the map
continuously.
Whenever it is time to move it, a patrol
aircraft may be moved to any other hex
on the map with the following limitations:
• A patrol aircraft may never move
through any hex of Finland or Sweden,
as these two countries are armed neu-
trals.
• A patrol aircraft may never enter a
hex which is further away from a friendly
airbase than the aircraft's operational
radius. The aircraft's radius is printed at
the bottom of the data card.
A friendly airbase for ground-based
aircraft is any friendly printed airbase.
BOdo, Keflavik, and Leuchars are friendly
bases for the NATO player while Severo-
morsk is friendly for the Soviet player.
Ground-based aircraft are printed black
on their national color.
A friendly airbase for carrier-based
aircraft is any friendly printed airbase
and/or the task force containing the
friendly aircraft carrier. NATO carrier-
based aircraft are printed white on blue
while Soviet carrier aircraft are printed
yellow on red .
GOW
DETECTION
Patrol aircraft detect task forces using
the same means as task forces detect-
ing each other: sonar, surface search
radar, ESM, and visual search. Unlike
surface task forces, however, they may
only conduct searches in the hex in which
they end their movement.
have their radar on (provided they are
equipped with radar). The air search and
surface search radar ranges are listed
on the aircraft's data card.
Patrol aircraft can also use ESM, as
described earlier, to detect enemy ra-
dars. They can detect enemy surface
ship radars at a range of three hexes, one
hex farther than a surface ship. This is
because their greater altitude allows
them to see farther.
Patrol aircraft equipped with sonar
may use it in the same manner as can
any surface ship, except that a patrol
aircraft may not conduct a sonar search
when patrolling over an ice shelf hex.
Finally, patrol aircraft may search for
surface ships visually. Each time they
end their movement in a hex with an
enemy task force, roll a die. On a 5 or
less they have detected the task force
occupying that hex (provided it contains
surface ships). If it is a dummy task force
or made up of submarines, the owning
player tells his opponent only that there
are no surface ships present.
Detecting Aircraft
Aircraft are detected by air search
radars (ASR). These radar beams are
angled up, and they are much more
powerful than a surface search radar,
because they must detect contacts
hundreds of miles away. Air traffic con-
trollers all use air search radars to see
and direct airliners.
A plane or ship's air search radar range
is shown on its data card. It will be either
o (no air search radar), 1, 2, or 3. This
number means that the radar will auto-
matically detect air targets zero, one, two,
or three hexes away, if the radar is on.
A task force has the ASR range of its
most powerful radar. If there are ships in
a task force with air radar ranges of 0, 1,
1, and 2, the task force has an air radar
range of two hexes. If that ship is sunk or
- - - - - - - -l2:J
Captain's Edition
loses its radar due to battle damage, the
force's ASR range is one hex.
A task force may use its ASR to detect
enemy missiles in flight and fire its long-
range SAMs at them, even if the task
force is not the target of the attack.
COMBAT
Patrol aircraft can be attacked by
missiles and can also launch attacks
against submarines or surface ships .
SAM Attacks
Any patrol aircraft which is detected by
the ASR of a task force may be attacked
by that task force (only) using long-range
SAMs. The ship with the highest long-
range SAM value conducts the attack.
Any patrol aircraft which is detected in
the same hex as a task force may be fired
on by that task force using either long-
range or short-range SAMs. The ship
with the highest SAM value conducts the
attack.
Example: In the illustration above, Task Forces 2 and 3 are using their air
search radars to protect a third task force. The enemy attacks must pass
through their radars, and be subject to possible attack, before the enemy finds
Task Force 1. Task Force 1 is leaving its air search radars off to avoid detec-
tion by ESM.
n13
SAM attacks on patrol aircraft are are marked off on the Roster Sheet, the
conducted in the same way as attacks air unit is no longer combat effective and
on surface to surface missiles with one may no longer fly missions.
exception. Each time a hit is scored on
an aircraft, roll again on the Aircraft Aircraft Damage Table
Damage Table to determine the type of Die Roll Result
damage sustained. Three results are 1 No effect
possible. 2-3 Abort
No Effect: The missile causes no 4-6 Shot down
significant damage.
Abort: The patrol aircraft breaks off its
mission and returns to base (is removed
from the map). If it has not yet moved this
turn, the return to base counts as its
movement. It may be placed on the map
again next turn when its movement chit
is drawn.
Shot Down: The aircraft is destroyed
and removed from the map. The owning
player marks off one box next to the
aircraft on the Roster Sheet. The aircraft
may be placed on the map again next
turn when its movement chit is drawn.
However, when all of the ai rcraft boxes
\
i
Attacks By Aircraft
Some patrol aircraft are armed with
either SSMs or ASW weapons. These
aircraft may use them to attack at the end
of their move or to counterattack any unit
within range which attacks them during
enemy movement. Attacks against sur-
face ships with SSMs and submarines
with ASW are conducted in the same way
as if launched by ships. Patrol aircraft
may only attack once per turn.
Play
Scenarios 9, 10 and 11
Now.
[;;]--------------------------------------------~G_o__w
Tactical Aircraft
Another type of aircraft is used to at-
tack ships and shore targets.
4 flights are hit and rolls again o n the Air-
These are loosely called "tac-
tical" aircraft. They are smaller,
faster, and are designed to
carry as much ordnance as possible.
They usually travel in "flights" of four
aircraft, or "cells" of three aircraft for some
types. The number of aircraft symbols on
the counter indicates the number of air-
craft each counter represents.
Tactical aircraft carry antiship missiles,
which behave exactly like the surface to
surface missiles described on pages 4-
6. They can also execute bombing at-
tacks, which can be more effective, but
are a lot riskier.
Tactical aircraft are represented by
counters, each of which represents up
to four aircraft. Each of these counters
will be called a "flight" from now on.
All of the aircraft in a flight are identi-
cal, and aircraft from different flights of
the same type of aircraft are effectively
interchangeable. Flights of aircraft are
provided in denominations of from one
to four. Aircraft of the same type and at
the same base may be moved from flight
to flight at will. For example, a player with
two three-aircraft flights of F-14s on the
Nimitz could exchange them for one four-
aircraft flight and one two-aircraft flight.
Aircraft may be exchanged from one
flight to another at any time, but only while
on the ground at a friendly base. Airborne
aircraft may not exchange aircraft be-
tween flights.
MOVEMENT
Tactical aircraft move differently from
patrol aircraft and ships. They do not
have a movement chit and are instead
treated as if they were a form of attack or
counterattack. Whenever a friendly unit
detects an enemy unit during either its
movement or that of the enemy, any
friendly tactical aircraft within range may
attack.
Tactical aircraft are flown from bases,
just like patrol aircraft, and their radius is
the number of hexes from the base that
they may conduct an attack. They do not
remain on the game board, and once
they conduct their attack they are re-
turned to a friendly base.
Each tactical aircraft may be flown only
once per turn.
Bases: Land bases have an unlimited
capacity, for purposes of this game, to
operate aircraft, and so there is no limit
to the number of flights which may be
stationed on a land airbase.
Carriers: Carriers have limited deck
and hangar capacity, and this is reflected
on the Base Charts. The number of
boxes by the carrier's is the maximum
number of flights of aircraft which may
be based on the carrier. The specific
types carried normally in a full-strength
airgroup are printed in the boxes.
Note that each patrol unit based from
a carrier counts as a full flight of aircraft,
even though only one of them is airborne
at any one time.
Remember that only carrier aircraft
can operate from a carrier. NATO carrier
aircraft are white on blue; Soviet carrier
aircraft are yellow on red.
DETECTION
Tactical aircraft are detected in the
same manner as patrol aircraft.
Tactical aircraft have their own radar,
but this is not used for detection in the
basic game. Instead, tactical aircraft may
only attack enemy vessels which have
already been detected by a friendly task
force or patrol aircraft. (There are some
exceptions to this in the advanced rules
in the Captain's Briefing.)
COMBAT
Tactical aircraft are a means of deliv-
ering a great deal of ordnance to a tar-
get. Each tactical aircraft data card lists
the aircraft's air to surface missile (ASM)
attack strength and its bomb attack
strength. In both cases, the attack
strength is per aircraft. Each time that a
tactical aircraft is eligible to attack, it may
carry only one of the weapons listed. The
player is not obligated to declare what
type of ordnance is carried until he actu-
ally attacks. Once the aircraft launches
an attack with anyone weapons system,
it is returned to base .
So, for example, a full-strength four-
aircraft flight of A-6 Intruders could carry
either four factors of long-range ASMs,
or four factors of short-range ASMs, or
12 factors of bombs.
Attacking Tactical Aircraft
Tactical aircraft are attacked by short-
range and long-range SAMs. Due to the
nature of their missions and employment,
they will usually only be attacked while
conducting an attack themselves. Roll
SAM fire against them the same as for
SSMs, but roll again on the Aircraft
Damage Table on page 3 after each hit
to determine the results.
No Effect: The aircraft continues its
attack.
Abort: The aircraft returns to its base
and does not conduct its attack. Note that
this will require reducing one flight by one
aircraft and returning a one-aircraft flight
to the airbase.
Shot Down: The aircraft is destroyed.
Reduce the strength of the attacking flight
by one aircraft.
ASM Attacks
Tactical aircraft attack with AS Ms in the
same way as ships attack with SSMs.
Remember that long-range missiles
have a range of 3 , and short-range
missiles a range of 1. In addition to the
normal ru les on SSMs, the following
special cases apply to attacks by tacti-
cal aircraft:
Missile Supply: Unlike naval vessels,
carriers and airbases carry a large sup-
ply of antiship missiles. As a result, air-
craft may attack with ASMs as many
times during a game as desired, unless
specifically prohibited in the scenario.
Captain's Edition n
-------------------------------------- ~
Long-Range SAM Fire: Aircraft using
long-range ASMs may attack normally,
but aircraft firing short-range ASMs must
first be fired at by long-range SAMs.
Instead of firing the long-range SAMs at
the incoming missiles, they are instead
fired at the aircraft. In the event of hits ,
the player firing SAMs decides which
craft Damage Table. Aborted and shot
down attacking aircraft do not launch
their missiles.
Bomb Attacks
Although unguided, modern aircraft
bombing electronics can place a weapon
on a moving ship with great accuracy,
and one or two bombs can sink all but
the largest ships. And unlike air to sur-
face missiles, bombs cannot be shot
down. Of course, the attacking aircraft
must close to very short range to drop
bombs on a target.
When aircraft attack with bombs, the
defending ships first conduct long-range
SAM fire, just as if being attacked by
short-range ASMs. Surviving aircraft are
then placed on top of the ship card they
intend to attack. As with attacking SSMs,
short-range SAMs can now fire at the
aircraft. Roll on the Aircraft Damage
Table to determine the effect of any hits.
Ships may def end themselves or the ship
they are paired with.
Any aircraft which survive both the
long-range and short-range SAMs can
now attack their targets with their bomb-
ing strength. (Note that point defense
weapons do not fire at aircraft conduct-
ing bombing attacks.) Multiply the bomb
factor of the aircraft type times the num-
ber of aircraft remaining to determine the
number of dice rolled for hits. Consult the
Bomb Attack Table for the results.
Bomb Attack Table
Die Roll Result
1 M
2 M
3 H
4 H
5 H
6 2H
Play Scenarios 12 and 13
Now.
AIR TO AIR COMBAT
Many type s of tactical aircraft are
capable of aggressively engaging enemy
aircraft and shooting them down. These
types of aircraft are called ''fighters" and
can be identified by the presence of an
air to air attack value in the upper right
hand block on the data card. (There are
six models of fighters included in the
game: F-14 Tomcat, F- 15 Eagle, Tornado
F.3, F-18 Hornet, Su-27 Flanker, and
MiG-29 Fulcrum).
Combat Procedure
Fighters can attack either other aircraft
or antiship m issiles (e ithe r SSMs or
ASMs) using air to air combat.
Attacking Aircraft : Each fighter air-
craft must attack a single enemy flight .
Several aircraft can gang up on one flight
and flights can split their attacks as
desired.
Roll one die for each fighter engaged
in air to air combat. All attacks are made
simultaneously. For each die roll add the
firing aircraft's attack value to the die roll
and subtract the target aircraft's defense
value. ConsulttheAirtoAir CombatTable
to determine how many hits were made
(if any), and roll once on the Aircraft
Damage Table for the result of each hit.
If an attacking aircraft scores two hits,
they can either be on separate planes or
the same p lane , at the firing player's
option.
Air to Air Combat
Die Roll Result
2 or less M makes a separate attack. This is an
3-7 H exception to the rule that tactical aircraft
8 or more 2H
Attacking Missiles: Fighter attacks
agai nst antish ip missiles take p lace
before long-range SAM fire. Attacks
against missiles are conducted the same
way as against aircraft, except that each
hit destroys one missile.All missiles have
an air defense value of O.
Fighter Missions
The conditions under which fighters
can attack enemy units depend on their
mission. The three possible fighter mis-
sions are: combat air patrol (CAP), deck-
launched interceptors (DLI), and escort.
CAP: Combat air patrol consists of
maintaining aircraft permanently in the
air over a base or carrier task force.
Players must declare flights to be on
CAP at the start of a turn. On ly full-
strength four-aircraft flights may be com-
mitted to CAP. Place any CAP flights from
land airbases in the hex of the airbase .
Place any carrier-based CAP in plain
view of your opponent to the side of your
Base Chart.
A flight of aircraft committed to CAP
may not fly any other missions du ring the
turn.
All land-based CAP are assumed to
have their radars on. If a carrier-based
CAP flight has its radar on, you must use
t he radiating side for the carrier TF
counter. Note, however, that you do not
have to reveal the identity of the carrier
task force , or that the CAP is present with
the task force, until it is detected.
If the CAP aircraft (or the task force
itself) have their radars on, they may
attack enemy planes and missile attacks
passing within radar range. Even if their
radars are off, they may still defend them-
selves or the base or task force they are
protecting. Because so many aircraft are
needed to keep one CAP aircraft up, a
CAP aircraft attacks as if it were only one
aircraft in the flight. (While one is flying,
the others are being maintained, refu-
eled, and the pilots are resting. Even
without combat, flying a jet aircraft is
tiring.)
A CAP aircraft can defend against
several different task forces as each
may only fly (and thus attack) once per
turn.
Since CAP aircraft are already in the
air, they can move out and attack the
enemy quickly. CAP aircraft defending a
base or task force attack before long-
range SAM fire. They may attack aircraft
launching long-range AS Ms before they
launch. Any attack aircraft which are shot
down never fire their missiles.
DLI: Another way to use defensive
fighters is to have them launched once
the enemy is detected. In this case it
takes a little time to get them aloft, but
you can launch all of them, since they are
not being flown constantly. These are
[;;]--------------------------------------------~G_o__w
Tactical Aircraft
Another type of aircraft is used to at-
tack ships and shore targets.
4 flights are hit and rolls again o n the Air-
These are loosely called "tac-
tical" aircraft. They are smaller,
faster, and are designed to
carry as much ordnance as possible.
They usually travel in "flights" of four
aircraft, or "cells" of three aircraft for some
types. The number of aircraft symbols on
the counter indicates the number of air-
craft each counter represents.
Tactical aircraft carry antiship missiles,
which behave exactly like the surface to
surface missiles described on pages 4-
6. They can also execute bombing at-
tacks, which can be more effective, but
are a lot riskier.
Tactical aircraft are represented by
counters, each of which represents up
to four aircraft. Each of these counters
will be called a "flight" from now on.
All of the aircraft in a flight are identi-
cal, and aircraft from different flights of
the same type of aircraft are effectively
interchangeable. Flights of aircraft are
provided in denominations of from one
to four. Aircraft of the same type and at
the same base may be moved from flight
to flight at will. For example, a player with
two three-aircraft flights of F-14s on the
Nimitz could exchange them for one four-
aircraft flight and one two-aircraft flight.
Aircraft may be exchanged from one
flight to another at any time, but only while
on the ground at a friendly base. Airborne
aircraft may not exchange aircraft be-
tween flights.
MOVEMENT
Tactical aircraft move differently from
patrol aircraft and ships. They do not
have a movement chit and are instead
treated as if they were a form of attack or
counterattack. Whenever a friendly unit
detects an enemy unit during either its
movement or that of the enemy, any
friendly tactical aircraft within range may
attack.
Tactical aircraft are flown from bases,
just like patrol aircraft, and their radius is
the number of hexes from the base that
they may conduct an attack. They do not
remain on the game board, and once
they conduct their attack they are re-
turned to a friendly base.
Each tactical aircraft may be flown only
once per turn.
Bases: Land bases have an unlimited
capacity, for purposes of this game, to
operate aircraft, and so there is no limit
to the number of flights which may be
stationed on a land airbase.
Carriers: Carriers have limited deck
and hangar capacity, and this is reflected
on the Base Charts. The number of
boxes by the carrier's is the maximum
number of flights of aircraft which may
be based on the carrier. The specific
types carried normally in a full-strength
airgroup are printed in the boxes.
Note that each patrol unit based from
a carrier counts as a full flight of aircraft,
even though only one of them is airborne
at any one time.
Remember that only carrier aircraft
can operate from a carrier. NATO carrier
aircraft are white on blue; Soviet carrier
aircraft are yellow on red.
DETECTION
Tactical aircraft are detected in the
same manner as patrol aircraft.
Tactical aircraft have their own radar,
but this is not used for detection in the
basic game. Instead, tactical aircraft may
only attack enemy vessels which have
already been detected by a friendly task
force or patrol aircraft. (There are some
exceptions to this in the advanced rules
in the Captain's Briefing.)
COMBAT
Tactical aircraft are a means of deliv-
ering a great deal of ordnance to a tar-
get. Each tactical aircraft data card lists
the aircraft's air to surface missile (ASM)
attack strength and its bomb attack
strength. In both cases, the attack
strength is per aircraft. Each time that a
tactical aircraft is eligible to attack, it may
carry only one of the weapons listed. The
player is not obligated to declare what
type of ordnance is carried until he actu-
ally attacks. Once the aircraft launches
an attack with anyone weapons system,
it is returned to base .
So, for example, a full-strength four-
aircraft flight of A-6 Intruders could carry
either four factors of long-range ASMs,
or four factors of short-range ASMs, or
12 factors of bombs.
Attacking Tactical Aircraft
Tactical aircraft are attacked by short-
range and long-range SAMs. Due to the
nature of their missions and employment,
they will usually only be attacked while
conducting an attack themselves. Roll
SAM fire against them the same as for
SSMs, but roll again on the Aircraft
Damage Table on page 3 after each hit
to determine the results.
No Effect: The aircraft continues its
attack.
Abort: The aircraft returns to its base
and does not conduct its attack. Note that
this will require reducing one flight by one
aircraft and returning a one-aircraft flight
to the airbase.
Shot Down: The aircraft is destroyed.
Reduce the strength of the attacking flight
by one aircraft.
ASM Attacks
Tactical aircraft attack with AS Ms in the
same way as ships attack with SSMs.
Remember that long-range missiles
have a range of 3 , and short-range
missiles a range of 1. In addition to the
normal ru les on SSMs, the following
special cases apply to attacks by tacti-
cal aircraft:
Missile Supply: Unlike naval vessels,
carriers and airbases carry a large sup-
ply of antiship missiles. As a result, air-
craft may attack with ASMs as many
times during a game as desired, unless
specifically prohibited in the scenario.
Captain's Edition n
-------------------------------------- ~
Long-Range SAM Fire: Aircraft using
long-range ASMs may attack normally,
but aircraft firing short-range ASMs must
first be fired at by long-range SAMs.
Instead of firing the long-range SAMs at
the incoming missiles, they are instead
fired at the aircraft. In the event of hits ,
the player firing SAMs decides which
craft Damage Table. Aborted and shot
down attacking aircraft do not launch
their missiles.
Bomb Attacks
Although unguided, modern aircraft
bombing electronics can place a weapon
on a moving ship with great accuracy,
and one or two bombs can sink all but
the largest ships. And unlike air to sur-
face missiles, bombs cannot be shot
down. Of course, the attacking aircraft
must close to very short range to drop
bombs on a target.
When aircraft attack with bombs, the
defending ships first conduct long-range
SAM fire, just as if being attacked by
short-range ASMs. Surviving aircraft are
then placed on top of the ship card they
intend to attack. As with attacking SSMs,
short-range SAMs can now fire at the
aircraft. Roll on the Aircraft Damage
Table to determine the effect of any hits.
Ships may def end themselves or the ship
they are paired with.
Any aircraft which survive both the
long-range and short-range SAMs can
now attack their targets with their bomb-
ing strength. (Note that point defense
weapons do not fire at aircraft conduct-
ing bombing attacks.) Multiply the bomb
factor of the aircraft type times the num-
ber of aircraft remaining to determine the
number of dice rolled for hits. Consult the
Bomb Attack Table for the results.
Bomb Attack Table
Die Roll Result
1 M
2 M
3 H
4 H
5 H
6 2H
Play Scenarios 12 and 13
Now.
AIR TO AIR COMBAT
Many type s of tactical aircraft are
capable of aggressively engaging enemy
aircraft and shooting them down. These
types of aircraft are called ''fighters" and
can be identified by the presence of an
air to air attack value in the upper right
hand block on the data card. (There are
six models of fighters included in the
game: F-14 Tomcat, F- 15 Eagle, Tornado
F.3, F-18 Hornet, Su-27 Flanker, and
MiG-29 Fulcrum).
Combat Procedure
Fighters can attack either other aircraft
or antiship m issiles (e ithe r SSMs or
ASMs) using air to air combat.
Attacking Aircraft : Each fighter air-
craft must attack a single enemy flight .
Several aircraft can gang up on one flight
and flights can split their attacks as
desired.
Roll one die for each fighter engaged
in air to air combat. All attacks are made
simultaneously. For each die roll add the
firing aircraft's attack value to the die roll
and subtract the target aircraft's defense
value. ConsulttheAirtoAir CombatTable
to determine how many hits were made
(if any), and roll once on the Aircraft
Damage Table for the result of each hit.
If an attacking aircraft scores two hits,
they can either be on separate planes or
the same p lane , at the firing player's
option.
Air to Air Combat
Die Roll Result
2 or less M makes a separate attack. This is an
3-7 H exception to the rule that tactical aircraft
8 or more 2H
Attacking Missiles: Fighter attacks
agai nst antish ip missiles take p lace
before long-range SAM fire. Attacks
against missiles are conducted the same
way as against aircraft, except that each
hit destroys one missile.All missiles have
an air defense value of O.
Fighter Missions
The conditions under which fighters
can attack enemy units depend on their
mission. The three possible fighter mis-
sions are: combat air patrol (CAP), deck-
launched interceptors (DLI), and escort.
CAP: Combat air patrol consists of
maintaining aircraft permanently in the
air over a base or carrier task force.
Players must declare flights to be on
CAP at the start of a turn. On ly full-
strength four-aircraft flights may be com-
mitted to CAP. Place any CAP flights from
land airbases in the hex of the airbase .
Place any carrier-based CAP in plain
view of your opponent to the side of your
Base Chart.
A flight of aircraft committed to CAP
may not fly any other missions du ring the
turn.
All land-based CAP are assumed to
have their radars on. If a carrier-based
CAP flight has its radar on, you must use
t he radiating side for the carrier TF
counter. Note, however, that you do not
have to reveal the identity of the carrier
task force , or that the CAP is present with
the task force, until it is detected.
If the CAP aircraft (or the task force
itself) have their radars on, they may
attack enemy planes and missile attacks
passing within radar range. Even if their
radars are off, they may still defend them-
selves or the base or task force they are
protecting. Because so many aircraft are
needed to keep one CAP aircraft up, a
CAP aircraft attacks as if it were only one
aircraft in the flight. (While one is flying,
the others are being maintained, refu-
eled, and the pilots are resting. Even
without combat, flying a jet aircraft is
tiring.)
A CAP aircraft can defend against
several different task forces as each
may only fly (and thus attack) once per
turn.
Since CAP aircraft are already in the
air, they can move out and attack the
enemy quickly. CAP aircraft defending a
base or task force attack before long-
range SAM fire. They may attack aircraft
launching long-range AS Ms before they
launch. Any attack aircraft which are shot
down never fire their missiles.
DLI: Another way to use defensive
fighters is to have them launched once
the enemy is detected. In this case it
takes a little time to get them aloft, but
you can launch all of them, since they are
not being flown constantly. These are
~ GDW
~ --------
called "deck-launched interceptors," or
DU.
Players must declare flights to be on
DU alert at the start of a turn. Place any
DU alert flights from land airbases in the
hex of the airbase under the CAP. Place
any carrier-based DLI alert aircraft in
plain view of your opponent to the side
of your Base Chart.
A flight of aircraft committed to DLI may
not fly any other missions during the turn .
Aircraft used as DLI cannot attack as
quickly, since they are held on deck. DU
aircraft attack enemy aircraft or missiles
at the same time as the long-range
SAMs. This means they can fire at long-
range ASMs or at aircraft carrying short-
range ASMs or bombs.
Deck-launched interceptors may only
be used to defend against attacks on the
base or task force from which they are
launched.
Escort: Fighters may fly escort mis-
sions forfriendlytactical aircraft launched
from the same task force or base as the
fighters.
A flight of aircraft committed to escort
duty may not fly any other mission dur-
ing the turn.
Escort fighters may not carry bombs
orASMs.
The player launching an attack de-
clares which flights (if any) in the mission
are escorts. Escorts defend mission
aircraft by occupying the attention of
enemy CAP and DU aircraft.
CAP and DU aircraft first fight a round
of air to air combat with the escorts. At
the end of that round of combat, one
surviving (not shot down or aborted) CAP
or DU aircraft is engaged by each sur-
viving escort.
Any surplus CAP or DU fighters may
then either attack the mission aircraft or
help fight the escorts. The owning player
Example: On the map above, Task
Force 1 has launched a combat air pa-
trol consisting of one flight of F-18 Hor-
nets. The CAP has turned on its radar,
which has a range of two hexes for both
air and surface search. Task Force A has
detected Task Force 2 and launches an
attack on it consisting of one flight of Su-
27 Flankers with ASMs. The Flankers
must pass through the radar range of
Task Force 1 to get to Task Force 2, and
as soon as they enter its radar range, the
CAP player must declare if he will inter-
cept. If he does, he makes the attack. The
CAP player might not want to attack if the
Flankers had a strong fighter escort.
Later, another enemy task force gets
to move, this time Task Force B. It fires
SSMs at TF 1, and the CAP can inter-
cept them at long range.
Play Scenarios 14 and 15
Now.
DESIGNER'S NOTES
COMMONLY ASKED
QUESTIONS
•When can a task force attack?
A task force can attack at any time
during its own movement. It can also
attack at any time during the enemy
movement if it detects the moving
enemy aircraft or task force.
• If one of my task forces detects
an enemy task force while it is
moving, can another of my task
I
forces attack if it is in range?
No. Only the task force which de-
tected it may do so. However, any
land-based tactical aircraft in range
can take part in the attack.
• If one of my patrol aircraft de-
tects an enemy task force while it is
moving, which of my units can at-
tack it?
Only the patrol aircraft itself and
any land-based aircraft in range
Battle Stations!
may attack at that time. Welcome to the arena of modern naval START HERE The scenarios themselves are all con-
• If it is time for one of my task combat! In this game you will become a To make it easy to learn these rule s, tained in the Captain 's Briefing. Each
forces to move, may it attack an naval commander, in charge of guided- they are broken up into separate sec- scenario lists all of the information nec-
enemy task force which another of missile ships, nuclear submarines, and tions. Each section begins with a descrip- essary for play, such as forces available
my task forces detected even if the jet aircraft. While warfare between naval t ion of one aspect of modern naval to each side and starting positions. The
moving task force did not detect it? vessels and aircraft can be a complicated warfare . Section one cove rs surface Captain 's Briefing also includes discus-
Yes. A moving task force can and technical business, the critical tacti- naval vessels; section two covers detec- sions of various modern weapon sys-
attack any enemy task force, pro- cal decisions are made by captains and t ion of enemy vessels ; section three tems and a number of advanced rules.
vided that task force is detected by admirals who do not generally study a deals with submarines; and sections four
a friendly aircraft or task force. radar or sonar display themselves. They and five add aircraft to the game. In each
• When can a task force counter- receive the distilled results of all of the section, specific rules are presented that
attack? technical, data-gathering assets at their translate that aspect of naval warfare into
A task force can counterattack disposal and make decisions accord- game terms. After several rules have
any and every time that it is at- ingly. been presented, you will be directed to
tacked. It may only counterattack Harpoon Captain's Edition provides play a scenario which uses and illustrates
against the units which attacked it, a clear and concise description of mod- those rules.
however, and only if they are de- ern naval warfare. The game places you
tected by the task force or some in the same position as a ship's captain
other friendly unit. or the admiral commanding a task force .
Many details have been kept out of the
game to allow the players to concentrate
on command decisions, but the overall

decides which of his CAP and DU air-
craft will continue to engage the escorts
and which will "bounce" the bombers.
Engaged aircraft on each side do not
fight a second round of air to air combat;
only the unengaged CAP and DU aircraft
do so.
If there are more escorts remaining
after the first round of combat, there is
no second round of combat.
Missiles may not be escorted.
I
capabilities of various sensors and
The Captain's Edition of Harpoon is supposed to be fast, simple, and fun
weapon systems are still presented
to play, and it is all of those things. But it also includes all the fundamental prin-
accurately.
ciples of modern naval warfare, so as you play, you can learn a great deal
about how ships, subs and aircraft fight today.
Enjoy the rules. We hope to provide new units, new maps, and more sce-
narios in future supplements. If you have any questions about the rules, or
suggestions about how to make them better, please let me know. I always an-
swer my mail.
-Larry Bond

C;J\f
G A M E S CC-0717 R1
(

Table of Contents
Advanced Rules ............................................................................................. 2
Airbase Attack and Defense ........................................... ... .............................. 2
Capturing Bases ........................................................................ ...................... 2
Aerial Tankers ........................ .......................................................................... 2
Naval Bases ..................................................................................................... 3
Underway Replenishment ..... .. .................. ....................... ................. ............... 3
Coastal Waters ....................................................... ... ...................................... 3
Aircraft Crossover Missions .................................... ... ........................ .............. 3
Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 4
Advanced Scenarios .....................................................................................7
Assigning Missions ............................. ............................................................. 7
Purchasing Assets ........................................................................................... 7
Bases ............................................................................................................... 7
Victory .............................................................................................................. 7
Starting the Game ............................. ............................................ ................... 7
NATO Mission Descriptions .................................. ........................................... 7
Soviet Mission Descriptions ............................................................................. 8
The Tools of Naval Warfare ......................................................................... 1o
US Naval Combatants ................................................................................... 1O
NATO Combat Aircraft .................... ................. ................................. ............. 12
Soviet Naval Combatants ......................................... ..................................... 13
Soviet Naval Aircraft ............ .......... ................................................................ 15
Modern Naval Tactics .................................................................................. 16

C;J\f
G A M E S CC-0717/R2
11
2 GOW
~ ------
Advanced Rules
The basic game rules cover virtually
all important aspects of modern naval
combat, and provide a good basis for
simulating battles. The following rules
provide additional color and detail,
however, and once you feel comfortable
with the basics, you may want to add
these as well. The rules on the attack and
capture of bases are necessary to play
several of the advanced scenarios.
AIRBASE ATTACK
AND DEFENSE
Airbases are attacked in the same
manner as surface ships, with the excep-
tion that they may only be attacked with
SSMs, ASMs, bombs, and gunfire; tor-
pedoes have no effect on them.
Damage on airbases is marked off on
the Roster Sheet just like hull hits on
ships. When all of the airfield's boxes are
marked off, the airfield is unserviceable.
No aircraft may take off from or land on
the airfield for the rest of the game.
In addition, each hit on an airbase
destroys one aircraft currently on the
field. The owning player decides which
aircraft is destroyed. If a tactical aircraft
is destroyed, reduce the denomination
of one aircraft currently stationed on the
field. If a patrol aircraft is destroyed, mark
it off on the Roster Sheet.
Airbases defend themselves in the
same manner as ships. Airfields have
SAMs and point defense weapons, the
values of which are printed on the Base
Charts. An airfield retains its full SAM and
point defense values regardless of its
level of damage.
In some scenarios Keflavik and Bodo
begin the game in Soviet hands. If so,
use the SAM and point defense values
printed on the Soviet Base Chart.
Bases are always considered to be
detected and so can be attacked at any
time.
CAPTURING BASES
Severomorsk and Leuchars are de-
f ended by large ground forces and can
be easily reinforced. As a result, these
two bases may not be captured. Keflavik
and Booo, however, are made vulnerable
to capture due to their relatively remote
locations.
If a player has an amphibious vessel
(either a generic amphibious vessel or
an Ivan Rogov-class ship) in the same
hex as a base for two complete and
consecutive turns, he captures the base.
Captured bases may not be used by
either player for the rest of the game.
(The capturing player does not have
enough time to move in support units to
operate the base, nor does the original
owner have time to replace the old units
should he recapture the base .)
In several scenarios, Keflavik and
Bodo begin the game in Soviet hands.
In this case the Soviets may use them,
since they were captured earlier, and the
Soviets have had time to make them op-
erational again.
AERIAL TANKERS
Tanker aircraft enable tactical aircraft
to remain airborne for longer periods or
to make extended-range attacks. Tank-
ers are treated as patrol aircraft, with one
aircraft continuously airborne from each
flight of four.
Each side can have a tanker aircraft
in the game. The Soviets have a data
card for the tanker version of the IL-76
Candid Tanker. The NATO player does
not have a dedicated tanker aircraft in the
game. Instead, any one four-aircraft flight
of A-6 Intruders can be used as tankers.
(Fuel modules are mounted in place of
the normal ordnance load.)
Movement: Tanker aircraft move in
the same way as patrol aircraft. For the
Soviets, place the IL-76 counter under
the plastic aircraft; for NATO, use the
A-6's flight counter.
Function: For game purposes, a
tactical aircraft treats a tanker as an
airborne airbase. A tactical aircraft flight
may move to a tanker aircraft within its
range and then launch an attack from
there. This attack may be conducted at
once or the aircraft can "orbit" with the
tanker and make its attack, or counter-
attack, later. Place the tactical aircraft
flight in the tanker box of the appropriate
Base Chart. Alternatively, a tanker air-
craft may be used to keep an entire flight
of aircraft aloft on CAP.
Each tanker aircraft can service one
flight of tactical aircraft.
Example 1: The NATO player has two
flights of A-6 aircraft based at Keflavik
and wishes to conduct an air strike
against Severomorsk. However, the
distance from Keflavik to Severomorsk
is 23 hexes, while the A-6 has a range of
only 12 hexes.
The NATO player begins the turn by
designating one A-6 flight to be a patrol
aircraft. He selects a patrol aircraft
marker and places its movement chit in
the movement cup. When that move-
ment chit is drawn, he places the patrol
aircraft marker (and its associated A-6
flight counter) 12 hexes away from
Keflavik. He may then launch his attack.
It may be done as part of this move or
any subsequent move .
The attack consists of moving the
second A-6 flight to the location of the
tanker aircraft, and then moving it the
remaining 11 hexes to Severomorsk.
After the attack is done, the remaining
A-6s in the attacking flight are returned
first to the tanker aircraft and then to
Keflavik.
 n3
Captain's Edition
- - - - -L:J
Example 2: The Soviet player wishes
to have a strong CAP over a task force
but does not have a carrier available. To
accomplish this he uses a tanker.
The Soviet player begins the turn by
designating his IL-76 Candid flight to be
an active patrol aircraft. He selects a
patrol aircraft marker and places its
movement chit in the movement cup.
When that movement chit is drawn, he
places the patrol aircraft marker (and its
associated IL-76 flight counter) in the
same hex as the task force. He may then
launch his CAP from any land airfield and
fly it to the patrol aircraft. This may be
done as part of this move or any subse-
quent move.
Assuming for the sake of the example
that the task force is within six hexes of
Severomorsk and that there is a flight of
MiG-29s there, the Soviet player would
fly the MiGs to the tanker aircraft, remove
them from the map, and place them in
the tanker's aircraft box on the Soviet
Base Chart. The MiG-29s are now
treated as if they were normal CAP air-
craft in the hex.
NAVAL BASES
For game purposes, Severomorsk and
Leuchars are treated as naval bases.
Severomorsk actually is a naval base
complex. Leuchars is not, but it is used
in the game to represent nearby naval
facilities in the British Isles.
Naval bases have several special
functions.
Resupply
Once a ship has exhausted its supply
of SSMs, it may return to a friendly naval
base and resupply.
If a ship spends two complete and
consecutive turns in a naval base, it is
resupplied with missiles and may return
to sea.
Repairs
Damaged ships which return to a naval
base may be repaired. One hull hit may
be repaired for every complete day (three
complete and consecutive turns) spent
in the base.
Sanctuary
Ships in a naval base are protected by
the SAMs of the base as well as their own
weapons. Attacks on ships in the naval
base must be conducted separately from
those on the base's airfield. (Thus the
base's air defenses are allowed to fire
separately at each attack.)
UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT
Generic merchant ships and the ge-
neric tanker may be used as replenish-
ment ships. If a task force contains a
replenishment ship, it may resupply
expended SS Ms. To do so, the task force
must reduce its speed to 1 for one turn
and may not conduct any attacks or be
attacked that turn.
Resupply is only completed at the end
of a tum and only if the task force did not
attack and was not attacked. If attacked,
the task force may elect to defend itself
and counterattack, but this interrupts the
resupply operation.
COASTAL WATERS
Any hex containing both land and
water is a coastal water hex. Coastal
waters do not affect movement. but do
affect combat.
Surface vessels in coastal hexes are
able to use landforms to confuse enemy
sensors, and thus are more difficult to hit.
Subtract one from the die roll on all ASM
and SSM attacks on task forces which
are in coastal waters.
On the other hand, ships and subma-
rines are less maneuverable in coastal
waters, and so some forms of attack
become more effective. Add one to the
die roll on all torpedo, bomb, ASW, and
gunfire attacks on task forces which are
in coastal waters .
AIRCRAFT
CROSSOVER MISSIONS
The distinction between tactical and
patrol aircraft is somewhat arbitrary and
is meant to provide an easy guide as to
their most common use. Strictly speak-
ing, patrol aircraft (at least those which
are armed) can carry out tactical mis-
sions and tactical aircraft could carry out
patrols. They just usually aren't very
effective in those roles.
Nevertheless, players may find that
they want to conduct crossover missions
with their aircraft. The Iranians, for ex-
ample, used their few remaining F-14
Tomcats as early warning aircraft (due
to their excellent radars) during the re-
cent war with Iraq. These crossover
missions are very easy to do under the
rules.
When patrol aircraft conduct tactical
missions, use the patrol aircraft counter
as the aircraft flight counter. The num-
ber of aircraft remaining in service ac-
cording to the Roster Sheet is the num-
ber committed to the strike mission. If,
for example, a player had lost one P-3
Orion from a flight, he would multiply the
ASM value of the flight by three when at-
tacking, as there are only three aircraft
left in the flight.
When tactical aircraft are sent on patrol
missions, they must be organized as a
full-strength four-aircraft flight. As with
other patrol aircraft, only one actual air-
craft is airborne at any one time .
11
4 GOW
~ -----
Scenarios
D
Surface Encounter
An Arleigh Burke-class
destroyer is accompanying a
merchant ship to its destina-
tion when the two encounter a
Russian formation made up of a Sovre-
mennyy-class destroyer and an Ivan Ro-
gov-class amphibious ship that it is sup-
posed to be protecting.
Setup: Place the Soviet task forces
three hexes due east of Jan Mayen Is-
land. Place the NATO task force three
hexes southeast of the island. (This will
start the two task forces three hexes
apart.)
Victory: Whichever side inflicts the
most damage on the other's merchant/
amphibious ship wins. If equal damage
is inflicted on both (or if both are sunk),
then whichever side inflicts the most
damage on the other's surface combat-
ant wins.
Cruiser Missile Attack
2 A Bunker Hill-class cruiser
must attack a strongly de-
fended Russian formation.
This group has an Ivan Rogov-
class amphibious ship guarded by two
Krivak-class frigates and a Sovremen-
nyy-class destroyer.
The submarine can make two missile
attacks on the Russian formation. (Ignore
the submarine detection and torpedo
rules for the moment). The first can be
from long range and has a strength of 4.
The second is from short range and has
a strength of 1.
Setup: Place the Soviet task force
three hexes due east of Jan Mayen Is-
land. Place the NATO task force three
hexes southeast of the island. (This will
start the two task forces three hexes
apart.)
Victory: The NATO player wins if he
sinks the Soviet amphibious ship, which
is carrying troops and vehicles to a
Russian beachhead. Sinking the escorts
will not help win the battle. The Soviet
player wins if the Ivan Rogov remains
afloat.
Notes: The NATO player must decide
how he will attack. First read the sidebar
about rollback attacks on page 7 of the
Captain's Rules. Then look at the de-
fenses of the Russian formation and
decide what is the best way to attack.
Gun Battle
3 Three Soviet Krivak-class
frigates are scouting when
they encounter a US Navy
Spruance-class destroyer and
a Knox-class frigate. The Soviets imme-
diately attempt to close to close range
where their guns can be brought to bear.
Setup: Place the Soviet task forces
three hexes due east of Jan Mayen Is-
land. Place the NATO task force three
hexes southeast of the island. (This will
start the two task forces three hexes
apart.)
Victory: Whichever side inflicts the
most hull hits on its opponent wins.
Radar Search
E A US task force must move
from Leuchars to Keflavik.
Using (or not using) radar, it
must search out any enemy
ships and avoid them if possible. If this
fails, it must fight its way past the enemy
while protecting the merchant ships.
Forces: The NATO task force consists
of two merchant ships, one Arleigh
Burke-class destroyer, and two O.H.
Perry-class frigates. The US force is
opposed by two Krivak-class frigates and
a Sovremennyy-class destroyer.
Setup: Place the NATO task force in
Leuchars. Place the Soviet task force (or
forces) anywhere on the map, but not
within four hexes of either Leuchars or
Keflavik.
Victory: The NATO player wins if both
merchant ships arrive at Keflavik intact
by the end of the twelfth turn. Otherwise,
the Soviet player wins.
Shadow Boxer
This is a replay of Scenario
4, but with all of the dummy
ship cards in play as well.
Hunter Killer
A Soviet wolf pack must
patrol the gap between Ice-
land and Scotland. An Ameri-
can carrier task force is ex-
pected to pass through in the next few
days, but first an American antisubma-
rine hunter-killer formation will attempt to
destroy the submarine screen.
Forces: The NATO forces consist of
one Spruance-class destroyer, one Ar-
leigh Burke-class destroyer, and two
0.H. Perry-class frigates. Soviet forces
consist of two Akula-class SSNs and one
Oscar-class SSGN.
Setup: Place all Soviet task forces on
a line from hex 1816to hex 1419. Once
the game starts, they must remain within
two hexes of their starting line. The NATO
task force (or forces) enter from the
southwest map edge.
Victory: The game lasts for seven
turns. The Soviet player's mission is to
survive, either by evading attack or de-
stroying the attackers. The Soviet player
must keep at least two boats alive. Every
two NATO ships sunk offsets the loss of
one Soviet sub. Failing this, the NATO
player wins.
7
Convoy
A NATO convoy must reach
Bodo with badly needed fuel
and munitions. Soviet subma-
rines attempt to prevent this.
Forces: NATO forces consist of two
O.H. Perry-class frigates, one Spruance-
class destroyer, one Arleigh Burke-class
destroyer, three merchant ships, and one
tanker. Soviet forces consist of two
Akula-class SSNs and one Oscar-class
SSGN.
Setup: All NATO task forces begin
within two hexes of hex 1216. Soviet task
forces may be placed anywhere except
in BOdo or within two hexes of hex 1216.
_
c _a_
p_ta_in_'_s_E_d_it_io_n
_____________________________________________________
Victory: The game lasts for 10 turns.
NATO wins if three or more merchant
ships survive and reach BOdo. Each
Soviet sub sunk offsets the loss of one
merchant ship. Failing this, the Soviet
player wins.
Sink the Nimitz
A barrier of Soviet subma-
rines in the gap between Ice-
land and Scotland must block
the northward passage of a
US carrier battle group.
Forces: Soviet forces consist of two
Akula-class SSNs and two Oscar-class
SSGNs . NATO forces consist of one
Nimitz-class carrier, one Belkna,:rclass
cruiser, one Bunker Hilklass cruiser, one
Spruance-class destroyer, and one
Knox-class frigate.
Setup : Place all Soviet task forces on
a line from hex 1816to hex 1419. Once
the game starts, they must remain within
two hexes of their starting line. The NATO
task force or forces enter from the south-
west map edge .
Victory: The game lasts for seven
turns. The Soviets must sink the carrier
to win. NATO must get the carrier, still ca-
pable of launching aircraft, from the
board edge to hex 1109, where it will
launch a series of air strikes.
m
The Combination
At the start of war, small
groups of Soviet ships are
scattered across the Norwe-
gian Sea, intermixed with
several NATO submarines. There are
also many neutral vessels in the area.
The subs have to find and sink the Soviet
ships before they reach port. To help the
NATO subs locate the surface groups, a
P-3 Orion will help sort out the real Soviet
ships from the possible targets.
Forces: The Soviet player has four
task forces, each made up of one mer-
chant or tanker and one warship (drawn
from a total of two Krivak-class frigates,
one Udaloy-class destroyer, and one
Sovremennyy-class destroyer) . The
Soviet player also gets one additional
task force with one Akula-class SSN .
The NATO player has two Los Ange-
les-class submarines and a P-3 Orion
patrol aircraft.
Setup: The Soviet player places his
units, real and dummy, anywhere on the
map, except that no task force can be
placed within eight hexes of Severo-
morsk or within three hexes of another
Soviet task force. After all Soviet task
forces are placed, the NATO player
places his task forces anywhere he
wishes, except that they may not be
within four hexes of Severomorsk or
adjacent to any Soviet task force.
Victory: The game lasts for 1O turns.
The Soviet player wins by getting three
or more of his tanker/merchant ships to
Severomorsk. Each NATO submarine
sunk counts as a Soviet ship reaching
port. Failing this, the NATO player wins.
Special Rule : Due to exceptional
activity by short-range Soviet ASW air-
craft operating out of Severomorsk, no
NATO task force may come within four
hexes of Severomorsk during the game.
Patroller
A group of Soviet sub-
marines have left port and
are moving toward the
open sea. NATO must
use patrol aircraft to hunt down the subs
and sink them.
Forces: The Soviet player has three
Akula-class SSNs and one Oscar-class
SSGN. The USplayerhasone P-30rion
patrol aircraft and one Los Angeles-class
SSN.
Setup: The Soviet player places his
task forces within 1O hexes of Severo-
morsk. The NATO player places his task
forces at least 15 hexes away from Sev-
eromorsk. The P-3 Orion is based at
Keflavik.
Victory: The game lasts for 15 turns.
The Soviet player wins if he exits three
or more submarines off of the southwest
edge of the map. Failing this, the NATO
player wins.
~
m
Support Mission
Replay Scenario 8 Sink
the Nimitz (with the addi-
tion of dummies as in
Scenario 5 Shadow Box-
er), but add an additional Soviet Akula-
class SSN, and a NATO P-3 Orion pa-
trol plane. The new Akula must set up on
the line with the other Russian subs,
while the P-3 is based in Keflavik.
Im
Backfires
In the Sky
A US carrier battle
group must enter the
North Sea, where it will
conduct a series of air strikes.
Forces : The NATO player has one
Nimitz-class carrier, one Bunker Hill-
class cruiser, one Arleigh Burke-class
destroyer, and two O.H. Perry-class frig-
ates. The Nimitz has two flights of S-3
Vikings and one flight of E-2 Hawkeyes.
The Soviet player has two flights of
Bear Ds, one flight of Bear Fs, and three
flights of Backfires, all based at Severo-
morsk. The Soviet player also has two
Akula-class SSNs.
Setup: The NATO player must start all
ships at Leuchars. The Soviet player
starts all aircraft at Severomorsk and all
task forces within 10 hexes of Severo-
morsk.
Victory: The game lasts for 12 turns.
The NATO player must get the carrier,
still capable of launching aircraft, from
Leuchars to within two hexes of hex
1107, where it will launch a series of air
strikes. Failing this , the Soviet player
wins.
r-1
6 GOW
~ ------
Sierra Strike
A NATO carrier battle
group must find and de-
stroy three Soviet task
forces.
Forces: NATO ships consist of one
Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, one Bunker
Hill-class cruiser, one Arleigh Burke-
class destroyer, and two O.H. Perry-
class frigates. Air assets consist of two
flights of F-18s, two flights of S-3s, two
flights of A-6s, and one flight of E-2s.
The Soviets have one Kirov-class
battle cruiser, one Kara-class cruiser, one
Sovremennyy-class destroyer, one
Udaloy-class destroyer, one Akula-class
submarine, one Ivan Rogov-class am-
phibious ship, and one tanker.
Setup: The Soviet player starts all task
forces within 1Ohexes of hex 0911 . The
NATO player starts in hex 0911.
Victory: NATO wins by sinking at least
five Soviet ships by turn 1Oand keeping
the Nimitz afloat. The Soviets win either
by limiting their losses to fewer than five
ships or by sinking the carrier by turn 10.
Special Rule: The NATO player only
has enough long-range ASMs to equip
the A-6s or F-18s for 16 attacks (one
attack each by four flights). After that,
these aircraft must use short-range
ASMs or bombs.
Backfires In the
Sky (Reprise)
This scenario is identi-
cal to Scenario 12, but is
played with the air to air
combat rules in effect and with the fol-
lowing additions to the forces:
NATO: The Nimitz also has three
F-14 flights, three F-18 flights, and one
A-6 flight. There are two F-15 flights and
one P-3 flight at Keflavik.
Soviet:There are two Su-27 flights and
one additional Backfire flight at Severo-
morsk. (If playing with the advanced
aerial tanker rule, add one IL-76 Candid
Tanker at Severomorsk.)
Midway 2000
Soviet and American
task forces are on a colli-
sion course in the Norwe-
gian Sea.
Forces: Use all of the forces included
in the game. All ship cards and all full-
strength aircraft flights are used. The
generic amphibians and merchants are
added to the NATO forces; the generic
tanker is added to the Soviet forces.
Setup: The NATO player starts his
task forces southwest of a line between
hexes 0115 and 1421. All aircraft in
excess of the Nimitz's air group are
deployed on airfields as follows:
Leuchars: Two flights of F-15s, four
flights of Tornadoes, two flights of A-6 ln-
truders, one flight of P-3 Orions.
Keflavik:Two flights of F-15s, one flight
of P-3 Orions.
Bodo: Three flights of F-18s.
The Soviet player starts his task forces
within 1O hexes of Severomorsk. All air-
craft in excess of the Tbilisi's air group
are deployed at Severomorsk.
Victory: The game lasts for 21 turns.
Each player receives one victory point
for each hull hit of damage inflicted on a
ship which is still afloat at the end of the
game, two points for each hull hit on a
ship which sinks, and one point for each
aircraft shot down. The player with the
most victory points by the end of the
game wins.
 n7
- - - - - - - - -L2-J
Captain's Edition
Advanced Scenarios
The advanced scenario rules are
designed to provide players with a very
wide variety of game situations. In each
scenario, each player will be secretly
assigned a mission and will select forces
to carry out the objectives of his mission.
The game is then fought until one side
or the other can claim victory.
ASSIGNINu MISSIONS
There are 18 mission counters pro-
vided with the game, two sets numbered
consecutively from one to nine. Punch
these out and place them in a cup. Each
player draws one counter and then reads
the mission description provided below.
Note that each side has a separate
description corresponding to each mis-
sion number. Also, since there are two
of each mission number, it is possible for
both sides to draw the same mission.
PURCHASING ASSETS
Each mission provides the player with
a "mission budget" which can be used to
purchase assets (ships and aircraft). The
mission budget is expressed in asset
points. Each asset point can be used to
purchase one four-aircraft flight of
planes, or can be applied against the
purchase of a ship. Each ship costs asset
points equal to its hull value, with the
following exceptions:
High-Cost Ships: The Kirov, Arleigh
Burke, and Bunker Hill are classed as
high-cost ships. Each of these ships
costs twice as many points as its hull
value. (The Kirov costs eight points in-
stead of four; the Arleigh Burke and
Bunker Hill cost four points instead of
two.)
Low-Cost Ships: The Akula is
classed as a low-cost ship. It costs one
point less than its hull value. (Each Akula
costs two points, not three).
General Limits: Players cannot pur-
chase more assets than data cards or
counters are provided for in the game.
For example, the Soviet player can pur-
chase up to three Aku/a-class subma-
rines, while the NATO player can
purchase only two Los Angeles-class
submarines.
Aircraft carriers are purchased without
aircraft on them; aircraft must be pur-
chased in addition to the carrier itself.
If a player does not purchase an air-
craft carrier, air counters representing the
normal air group of the carrier are re-
moved from the forces available for
purchase by that player. For example, the
NATO player may not purchase any E-2
Hawkeye or S-3 Viking aircraft unless he
first purchases the Nimitz.
Generic Forces: The two generic
amphibious vessels and two of the
generic merchant vessels are consid-
ered to be NATO forces for these games.
One merchant vessel and one tanker are
considered to be Soviet forces.
BASES
Leuchars is always a NATO base and
Severomorsk is always a Soviet base.
In some scenarios, Bodo and Keflavik
begin the game as Soviet bases. This will
be indicated in the NATO mission de-
scription. If the NATO player draws
mission description 1, 2, 3, or 4, he must
immediately inform the Soviet player that
Bodo and Keflavik are available as
captured bases. (He should not reveal
the actual mission number he has
drawn.)
In all other cases, BOdo and Keflavik
begin the game as NATO bases.
VICTORY
Each game lasts for 21 turns (7 days)
or until one player concedes defeat,
whichever comes first. Both players then
reveal their missions and compare ob-
jectives to determine the winner.
It is possible (but not likely) that both
sides will achieve their objectives. If so,
the side with a higher proportion of its
asset points left unspent wins. If this is
the same for both players, the side with
the lower asset budget wins. If this is the
same for both sides, both players win.
STARTING THE GAME
At the start of each game, players take
turns placing their forces on the map, one
task force or patrol aircraft marker at a
time. Task forces may be deployed either
in or within four hexes of a friendly base.
Patrol aircraft may be landed or deployed
anywhere within their operational radius
from a friendly base. (Carrier-based
patrol aircraft may not be deployed until
after the carrier task force is placed on
the map.)
No marker may be placed in a hex
already containing an enemy base, pa-
trol aircraft, or task force.
NATO
MISSION DESCRIPTIONS
Mission 1
1 Background: Soviet forces
opened hostilities with a sur-
prise amphibious assault on
Iceland, capturing the island
and Keflavik airbase. Since then, over-
land forces have also taken Bodo. So-
viet commerce raiders have broken out
into the North Atlantic and NATO naval
assets are stretched to the limit protect-
ing convoys. You must conduct an econ-
omy of force operation in the north, tying
down as many Soviet forces as possible
to give your own forces in the Atlantic
some relief.
Objective: Prevent the Soviets from
achieving their objective.
Forces: 15 points.
Mission 2
Background: Sovietforces
opened hostilities with a sur-
• • • prise amphibious assault on
Iceland, capturing the island
and Keflavik airbase. Since then, over-
land forces have also taken Bodo. So-
viet commerce raiders have broken out
into the North Atlantic and NATO naval
assets are stretched to the limit protect-
r-1
8 GOW
~ -----
ing convoys. You must conduct a hold-
ing action in the north, as most assets
have been withdrawn to fight the convoys
throughout the Atlantic.
Objective: Destroy at least six enemy
asset points, and destroy at least two
more asset points of Soviet forces than
you lose yourself. Failing this, prevent the
Soviet player from achieving his objec-
tive.
Forces: 10 points.
Mission 3
3
Background: Soviet forces
opened hostilities with a sur-
prise amphibious assault on
Iceland, capturing the island
and Keflavik airbase. Since then, over-
land forces have also taken Bodo. As a
prelude to a counterattack into the North
Sea, you must strike a blow against
Soviet air power by crippling either the
Keflavik or Bodo airbase.
Objective: Destroy the runway at ei-
ther Keflavik or Bodo. Failing this, pre-
vent the Soviets from achieving their
objective.
Forces: 25 points.
D
Mlsslon4
Background: Soviet forces
opened hostilities with a sur-
prise amphibious assault on
Iceland, capturing the island
and Keflavik airbase. Since then, over-
land forces have also taken BOdo. The
time has come to launch a major counter-
attack in the north.
Objective: Recapture the base at
either Keflavik or Bodo by amphibious
assault. In addition, destroy either 1O
Soviet asset points or half the Soviet
force, whichever is greater.
Forces: 45 points.
Missions
5 Background: Fighting in
the north has been fairly even
until now, but a renewed So-
viet overland push in northern
Norway is threatening the base at BO do.
Objective: Land supplies and rein-
forcements at Bodo. One merchant ship
and one amphibious ship must each
spend one full turn in the BOdo hex for
the mission to be a success.
Forces: 20 points.
m
Mission&
Background: Major sur-
face forces will be entering the
North Sea soon to conduct
operations against Severo-
morsk. Your mission is to prepare the way
by engaging and destroying enemy naval
and aviation assets.
Objective: Destroy at least six asset
points worth of enemy forces, and de-
stroy at least two more enemy asset
points than you lose yourself. In addition,
prevent the Soviets from achieving their
objective.
Forces: 25 points.
Misslon7
7 Background: Various com-
mitments in other theaters
make it impossible to conduct
extensive combat operations
where at the moment. However, enemy
activity must be monitored to alert the
NATO leadership to any significant in-
crease in enemy activity.
Objective: Have one surface ship or
submarine within three hexes of Severo-
morsk at the end of the game.
Forces: 1Opoints.
Mission 8
Background: The war is
going against NATO, and mo-
rale is sagging. An important
and visible victory is required
to boost the morale of troops in all of the
theaters.
Objective: Destroy the runway at
Severomorsk airfield or sink either the
Tbilisi or Kirov.
Forces: 30 points.
m
Misslon9
Background: Success in
other theaters has created a
situation in which consider-
able assets can be massed for
a knockout blow in the north.
Objective: Destroy 90% of the Soviet
assets in the game. Alternatively, destroy
over half of the Soviet assets and destroy
the runway at Severomorsk airfield.
Forces: 50 points.
SOVIET
MISSION DESCRIPTIONS
Mission 1
1 Background: Efforts to
push forces into the Atlantic
have been frustrated by NATO
forces based at Keflavik air-
field. The decision has been made to
launch a major attack on the airfield.
Objective: Capture Keflavik airfield.
Failing this , destroy the airfield at
Keflavik, destroy at least 1ONATO asset
points (or half of NATO's total, whichever
is smaller), and prevent the NATO player
from achieving his objective.
Forces: 45 points.
Alternate Background: The early
capture of Keflavik airfield has given you
a considerable edge in the battle of the
Atlantic. Soon NATO can be expected to
launch a counterattack. To meet this, the
forces on Iceland must be reinforced and
resupplied.
Alternate Objective: Escort a resup-
ply convoy to Iceland. At least one mer-
chant ship or tanker must spend two full
turns in the Keflavik hex for Iceland to be
resupplied. In addition, NATO must not
recapture Keflavik or BOdo.
Forces: 30 points.
.J
 Captain's Edition
---------- ~
Mission 2
Background: Groups of
friendly ground forces have
been halted in their drive in
northern Norway and an out-
flanking move through neutral Finland or
Sweden has been ruled out on political
grounds. The only alternative is an
amphibious end run.
Objective: Capture Bodo airfield.
Forces: 25 points.
Alternate Background: The early
capture of Keflavik and BOdo airfields has
given you a considerable edge in the
battle of the Atlantic. NATO ground forces
are driving up the coast of Norway toward
BOdo, however. To meet this threat, the
forces in Bodo must be reinforced and
resupplied.
Alternate Objective: Escort a mer-
chant convoy to Bodo airfield. At least
one merchant ship must spend two full
turns in the BOdo hex for the mission to
be accomplished. In addition, NATO
must not recapture Keflavik or Bodo.
Alternate Forces: 15 points.
Bl
Background: Groups of
friendly forces have broken
out into the Atlantic, leaving
scarce resources for combat
operations in the north. You must con-
duct an economy of force operation in the
north, tying down as many NATO forces
as possible to allow a superior concen-
tration of your own forces in the Atlantic
and Pacific.
Objective: Prevent the NATO player
from achieving his objective.
Forces: 15 points.
\ Objective: Destroy at least six asset
I stroy at least two more enemy asset
Mission 4
4 Background: The naval
war has been going very badly,
and most of the resources of
the Northern Fleet have been
lost. Nevertheless, there remains the
possibility of a victory by the ground
forces if total defeat at sea can be pre-
vented. You must continue the battle at
sea with limited resources.
Objective: Destroy at least six enemy
asset points, and destroy at least two
more asset points of NATO forces than
you lose yourself. Failing this, prevent the
NATO player from achieving his objec-
tive.
Forces: 1o points.
Missions
5 Background: The Northern
Fleet has succeeded in break-
ing out a number of major fleet
elements through the G-1-UK
Gap, and these elements have had con-
siderable success against NATO's Atlan-
tic convoys. Now, however, they are in
desperate need of fuel and ammunition
if they are to continue the fight. Rather
than have them run the gauntlet of NATO
naval and aviation forces back to port and
then attempt another breakout, it has
been decided to run a replenishment
convoy through to them.
Objective: Exit either one merchant
ship or one naval tanker off of the south-
west board edge.
Forces: 20 points.
m
Mission6
Background: A major na-
val effort will soon be launched
by the Northern Fleet. Your
mission is to prepare the way
by engaging and destroying enemy naval
and aviation assets.
points worth of enemy forces, and de-
points than you lose yourself. In addition,
prevent the NATO player from achieving
his objective.
Forces: 25 points.
ng
Mlssion7
7 Background: Successful
prosecution of the war in Eu-
rope requires interdiction of
the convoy routes, and this
requires placing a substantial naval force
astride the Atlantic sealanes.
Objective: Exit at least eight asset
points of naval combatants (Ivan Ro-
govs, tankers, and merchant ships do not
count) off of the southwest edge of the
board.
Forces: 20 points.
m
Missions
Background: The war is
going against the Soviet
Union, and morale is sagging.
An important and visible vic-
tory is required to boost the morale of
troops in all of the theaters.
Objective: Destroy the runway at
Leuchars airfield or sink eitherthe Nimitz
or Iowa.
Forces: 30 points.
m
Mlssion9
Background: Success in
other theaters has created a
situation in which consider-
able assets can be massed for
a knockout blow in the north.
Objective: Destroy 90% of the NATO
assets in the game. Alternatively, destroy
over half the NATO assets and destroy
the runway at Leuchars airfield.
Forces: 50 points.
G;J _____________________________________________
The Tools of Naval Warfare
US NAVAL COMBATANTS
FFG Oliver Hazard Perry
Designed primarily as an ASW ship,
the Perry carries two helicopters , Har-
poon missiles, torpedoes, 76mm gun, a
Phalanx antimissile system , and a good
sonar suite. This ship is most effective
when it is used to escort merchant or
replenishment ship convoys.
The Perrycosts $191 million and has
been built in the largest numbers of any
post-WWII ship class. The Soviet Krivak-
class frigate is more powerfully armed
and is faster, but it doesn't have helicop-
ters or comparable sensors. The most
famous member of the 0.H. Penyclass
is the Stark, which was hit by two Iraqi
Exocet missiles in the Persian Gulf in
1987.
DOG Arleigh Burke
Designed to be a general-pu rpose
destroyer, this clase of powerful ships is
intended to carry the US Navy well into
the next century. Burke-class vessels
use a smaller version of the Aegis sys-
tem, and the same vertical launching
system will also fire Tomahawk and
vertical launch ASROC, making the ship
an effective surface strike platform and
only slightly less capable in ASW. The
Burke's one failing is a lack of a helicop-
ter hangar. While she can refuel and
rearm other ship's helicopters, she has
no hangar herself.
These ships are expensive: $700
million each. The latest Soviet counter-
parts are the Sovremennyy and Udaloy,
but the Russian destroyers are more
single-purpose vessels, and no Soviet
ship short of the Slava-class cruisers (not
included in the game) or the Kirov-class
nuclear battlecruisers has the antiair
capability Aegis provides.
DD Spruance
The Spruance is classed as a de-
stroyer but it is as big as a WWII light
cruiser. It may look underarmed, but it is
a very capable opponent. Its hull design
was used as the basis for the Ticonder-
oga (Bunker Hill)-class cruisers. Various
configurations of Sea Sparrow, Harpoon,
and Tomahawk missiles, helicopters,
torpedoes, and excellent sonars make
the Spruance a fearsome ASW platform.
It can also be used as the flagship for a
group of less-capable frigates. Its point
defenses are barely adequate, and it
would need protection from air attacks.
The Soviet Udaloy-class destroyer has
a similar role, but has weaker sensors
and better point defenses. Each Spru-
ance-class ship costs $134 million.
G_D_w
CG Bunker Hill
The Bunker Hill-cla ss is the most
powerful antiaircraft ship in the US fleet.
It was designed to defend carrier battle
groups against aircraft and antiship
missile threats. It also has excellent anti-
submarine capabilities.
The ship's greatest asset, however, is
its Aegis system, which completely inte-
grates the ship's weapons and command
systems. This Aegis system allows each
ship to automatically detect, track, clas-
sify, and engage multiple air targets. The
Soviet's new Kirov class battle cruiser
also has a multiple-target AAW system,
but it is less effective than the Aegis. The
only problem with the Bunker Hill is its
$1 billion cost.
~----)
SSN Los Angeles (Improved)
The Improved Los Angeles is a new
variant of the basic design, incorporat-
ing technology not in existence when the
class was originally built. These include
vertical-launch cruise missiles, a
shrouded propulsor, anechoic coating,
and an integrated combat system. These
increase the boat's firepower and make
a quiet design even quieter. The nearest
Soviet equivalent is the brand-new Akula
(Shark) class. Akula is almost as quiet
as the original Los Angeles design, but it
does not have as good a sonar suite.
There is no Soviet match to the Improved
Los Angeles design. Each Los Angeles
submarine costs $330 million; the im-
proved boats cost approximately $500
million.
captain's Edition n11
------------------- ~
FF Knox
Although more Knox class ships have
been built than any other frigate class
since WWII, they have been severely
criticized for their reliance on a single
propeller shaft. This not only limits the
speed of such a large ship, but also
makes it highly vulnerable if hit in the
engineering spaces. The Knox class has
a good antisubmarine suite, including a
helicopter and excellent sonars. The
class' poor point defenses force its use
on the edge of formations where it can
detect and attack submarines while
being screened from air attack. ·
When built, the Knox cost $30 million,
but with enhancements it is worth much
more now. The nearest Soviet equivalent
is the Krivak class which has better AAW
capability but is less effective in an ASW
role.
CG Belknap
The Belknap(pronounced BELL-nap)
is a general-purpose, guided-missile
cruiser built to screen carrier battle
groups from air attack. With its one SAM
launcher, eight SSMs, helicopter, 5" gun,
Gatlings and variety of radars and so-
nars, this ship has more than adequate
point defense, ASW, and antisurface
capabilities. As an escort vessel, the
Belknap should be placed at the edge of
the main body where it can screen air and
sub attacks.
One problem with the Belknap is that
its 5" gun is located aft, which means that
the ship must be steaming away from gun
targets. The nearest Soviet equivalent is
the Kara class which is also a balanced
escort design, but has more emphasis
on an ASW role. Belknap-class ships
cost approximately $55 million.
BB Iowa
The last of the ''fast battleships" built
in the 1940s, the Iowa served in WWII
and Vietnam in a fire support role. Its
enormous 16" main guns have a range
of 20 miles, and its Harpoon and Toma-
hawk missiles can reach up to 250 miles.
Equipped with heavy armor that can
withstand even the largest cruise missile.
the Iowa can sustain speeds in excess
of 30 knots. Since this ship lacks sophis-
ticated radars and has no sonar, it de-
pends on other ships to provide protec-
tion from air and submarine attacks. The
Iowa is manpower-intensive and requires
the crew of four cruisers. The nearest
thing the Soviets have is the Kirov-class
battle cruiser, which is lightly gunned but
has a heavy missile armament. These
ships cost $100 million when built in
WWII, but would would cost much more
if built today.
CVN Nimitz
The Nimitz is the largest and most
advanced class of aircraft carrier ever
built. Designed as a multimission carrier,
the Nimitz can accomplish just about any
task that involves air power at sea, such
as attacking surface targets, hunting sub-
marines, and supporting amphibious
groups. It has good point defenses, in-
cluding multibarrel 20mm guns, Sea
Sparrow missiles, and a large number of
radars. It also has the ability to sustain
heavy punishment and continue to func-
tion.
These ships cost about $500 million,
not including their aircraft. In comparison,
the Soviet Tbilisi-class, the largest opera-
tional Soviet aviation ship, has less than
half the embarked air group of the Nim-
itz. In fact, one Nimitz-class carrier has
a larger fixed-wing air group than the
combined fixed-wing air groups of all
Soviet carriers currently in service.
Generic Merchant
This representative class is used not
only to move commercial cargoes from
place to place, but also to carry troops
and combat stores in time of war, espe-
cially in amphibious assaults. Carrying
the cargo either in bulk or in containers,
these ships are the reason for the exis-
tence of a navy. Their lack of sensors and
weapons makes them little more than
targets in a naval formation, but they
should be heavily guarded. Unless they
arrive attheirdestination intact, the naval
force guarding them has failed in its
mission. Ships with these characteristics
serve under every flag.
c Amp ib1ous C3h1p
The US maintains a large variety of
amphibious ships, each specialized to
perform one or more of the many tasks
that are required to put troops onto a
hostile shore. All of these ships have a
limited speed and only a limited capabil-
ity to defend themselves. These ships
are the reason warships exist-to defend
their own and attack the enemy's. Their
price varies from $1 O million to $250
million, and they can be found in many
countries' navies. The best equivalent in
the Soviet fleet is the Ivan Rogov class.
NATO COMBAT AIRCRAFT
P·3 Or"on
The Orion is based on the old Lock-
heed Electra airliner. This lumbering,
ungainly, maritime patrol plane appears
harmless, but is actually a very potent
ASW weapon. In fact, the Orion is as
effective at hunting and detecting sub-
marines as is another sub. With a wide
variety of first-line sensors, sophisticated
on-board data processing, and a large
weapons load, the P-3 is an extremely
effective aircraft. The distinctive rear
protuberance is a magnetic anomaly
detector (MAD), which can warn the
aircraft when it is over a large metal
object.
In addition, the P-3 has an excellent
range and a patrol endurance of up to
1Ohours. Normally the P-3 carries a crew
of 10, five members of which are techni-
cal specialists who operate the aircraft's
electronic equipment. In addition to its
ASW weapons, the Orion can also carry
Harpoon missiles for attacking lightly de-
fended surface vessels, such as mer-
chant ships.
A-6E Intruder
The A-6E Intruder is the navy's carrier-
based, all-weather, day or night, medium
attack aircraft. It can carry a tremendous
amount of ordnance of all types, includ-
ing Harpoon missiles, bombs, and even
nuclear weapons. The A-6E's wide array
of air to ground sensors gives it phe-
nomenal targeting accuracy (when ev-
erything works, that is). It can attack
heavily defended ship and ground tar-
gets, but should be escorted by fighters
if possible.
A specialized tanker variant of the
A-6E used to be used on aircraft carri-
ers, but now a refueling module is used
to convert a standard A-6E to a tanker
on an as-needed basis. A-6E Intruders
are also flown by marine pilots.
F-14A Tomcat
The Grumman F-14A is the workhorse
fighter of US naval aviation. It is the
standard carrier-based fighter and is
considered to be the best long-range, all-
weather fighter aircraft in the world. Its
AWG-9 radar can detect targets 100
miles away, and its fire control system
can simultaneously track 24 targets and
engage six independent targets with
Phoenix missiles. The F-14A would be
only a mediocre dogfighter except for its
computer-controlled, variable-geometry
wings which give it a huge advantage
when maneuvering. Its one weak spot is
its slightly underpowered engine which
can stall out under certain conditions. As
a result, the pilot must "baby" the engine
at times. Each F-14A costs $21 million.
Its nearest Soviet equivalent is the
MiG-31, which has much poorer range
and maneuverability.
S-3 Viking
The S-3 Viking is a carrier-based
counterpart to the P-3 Orion aircraft. It is
an excellent ASW platform and has an
all-weather secondary surface strike
capability as well. The Viking's primary
mission is to patrol near a carrier task
force in order to search for and attack any
hostile submarines. Like the Orion, the
Viking carries a comprehensive array of
sophisticated sensors and data process-
ing equipment. It carries advanced sono-
buoys and MAD equipment to detect
quiet, deep-diving submarines . Unlike
the Orion, the Viking's rear MAD boom
is retractable into the fuselage. The
S-38 can carry Harpoon missiles. These
aircraft cost about $1 O million each.
 - - - - - - - - - 1n1
Captain's Edition
- 133 1
E-2C Hawkeye
A four-plane squadron (one flight in
game terms) of Hawkeyes is carried
aboard every US aircraft carrier, and
these Hawkeyes may well be the most
important planes on the ship. Flying at
high altitude, the Hawkeye extends the
range of the carrier's sensors and allows
a battle group to detect the approach of
low-flying enemy aircraft in sufficient time
to deal with them. This mission is called
airborne early warning (AEW). A carrier
usually maintains one Hawkeye in the air
at all times.
Sporting a distinctive, 24-foot-diame-
ter, saucer-shaped radar dome, the
Hawkeye is worth every bit of the $50
million price tag.
F-18 Hornet
The single-seat McDonnell Douglas
F-18 Hornet was designed as a carrier-
borne replacement for the navy's A-7
Corsair 11, but with the added punch of a
long-range air to air capability. This al-
lows the Hornet to supplement the
carrier's F-14 Tomcats and to adequately
defend itself if intercepted while on a
strike mission. The Hornet is an ex-
tremely maneuverable aircraft. In fact, its
only performance flaw is its relatively
short range. The Hornet has nine exter-
nal weapons mounts and can carry an
assortment of air to air and air to surface
weapons. It also has a nose-mounted,
20mm, six-barrel gun.
The F-18, like the A-6, is also flown by
marine pilots, and since they are trained
for carrier operations, land-based marine
squadrons could be used to supplement
a carrier's air group. The closest Soviet
match to the Hornet is the MiG-29 Ful-
crum, which is similar in size and maneu-
verability, but probably can't carry the
Hornet's variety of weapons.
F-15 Eagle
One nickname for the McDonnell
Douglas F-15 is "The Starship," because
of its powerful radar and large missile
armament. This plane was designed as
an all-weather air superiority fighter, and
it is the best in the world. Although the
Eagle is a huge aircraft , its large wing
area and powerful engines give it excep-
tional maneuverability. In fact, the F-15
is a match for any aircraft currently flying,
and is far better than most. Its only flaw
is its size, which makes it easier to spot
when in a dogfight. The Eagle costs
about $27 million. The best Soviet match
for the F-15 is the brand new Su-27
Flanker, which appeared about 1Oyears
after the Eagle's debut.
Tornado F.3
The twin-engine Panavia Tornado
F.Mk3 is the air defense version of the
successful Tornado attack aircraft. It is
somewhat unusual for a long-range, low-
altitude penetration aircraft to be con-
verted to a fighter role, but the Tornado's
advanced electronics, all-weather capa-
bility, and variable-sweep wing system
make it an excellent air interceptor. In
addition, the F.3 carries a good arma-
ment of medium- and short-range air to
air missiles and can effectively engage
dedicated dogfighters such as the Su-27
Flanker at long range. The F.3's primary
mission is the air defense of Britain and
the protection of NATO forces operating
in the North Sea. It can patrol for several
hours and is capable of in-flight refuel-
ing. The closest Soviet equivalent is the
MiG-31 Foxhound, which has longer-
ranged missiles but is not nearly as
maneuverable as the Tornado. The air-
craft costs abOut $30 million.
SOVIET NAVAL COMBATANTS
.g:___- _ _·___')
w---_
SSN Aku/a
The Akula (Shark) is the most current
nuclear attack submarine class produced
by the USSR. Its sensor suite is excel-
lent; it is one of the few submarines fit-
ted with a passive towed-array sonar.
While not an even match for the latest
Improved Los Angeles-class boats, the
Akula can give them a hard time.
To compensate for their somewhat
inferior sensors and weapons systems,
the Soviets usually run the Akula in pairs.
These subs, which are the best the
Soviets have, would aggressively seek
out and destroy enemy submarines
during wartime. They would be an ex-
tremely dangerous foe to NATO units.
The Akulacosts about $500 million in US
terms to build.
l~-e=~~~g~
jJ
FFG KriviJk
The Krivak is primarily used for screen-
ing from air and submarine attacks in an
escort role. It is very strong onAAW oys-
tems and has effective ASW capabilities.
It doesn't, however, have any helicopters
or "last ditch" antimissile defenses.
Because of its heavy fuel consumption
at cruising speed, the Krivak is somewhat
short on endurance. Its closest NATO
equivalent would be the British Broad-
sword class.
~---------------------------------------------G_o_w
DOG Sovremennyy
The Sovremennyy's (pronounced sov-
re-MEN-yi's) primary role is that of an
antisurface warfare and escort vessel.
However, because its new supersonic
seaskimming SSM has a relatively short
range, it is essential for this ship to
maneuver close to its target. At the same
time, the Sovremennyyclass' AAW sys-
tem is also short ranged, meaning that it
will have to stay dangerously close to the
ships it's intended to protect.
The Sovremennyy's ASW capability is
minimal. In comparison, no Western
navy builds destroyers with such power-
ful antisurface weapons but so little ASW
armament. Probable cost in US terms
would be $200 million. The US Charles
F. Adams is a good match in capability,
although the Sovremennyy is a newer
design.
DD Udaloy
Designed from the keel up as a spe-
cialist antisubmarine warfare ship, the
Udaloycarries two helicopters, batteries
of missiles, rocket launchers and torpe-
does, and is fitted with excellent under-
water sensors. This ship has good range
and endurance, but carries no antisur-
face weapons and only a short-range
surface to air missile system for self-
defense. In short, it may do a good job of
hunting subs, but may need protection
itself. These ships cost about $200 mil-
lion. The US Spruance class has a simi-
lar role, but has better sensors and is a
more balanced design.
CG Kara
This large, powerful cruiser class is
beginning to show its age, but is still
moderately effective. Designed as an
ASW platform, Kara-class vessels have
a heavy antiaircraft battery, especially for
the mid-1970s when they appeared.
There is no real analog to these ships in
the US or the West. The Spruance ful-
fills roughly the same role, but it has a
much lighter antiaircraft armament and
better sensors. These ships probably
cost the equivalent of $100 million each
when they were built.
LPD Ivan Rogov
The Ivan Rogov was tne first Soviet
amphibious ship other than an LST.
These landing ships can carry an entire
Soviet naval infantry battalion and all of
its vehicles. The Ivan Rogovwould land
its troops via helicopters, landing craft,
and hovercraft. It has limitedAAW capa-
bilities, but must be heavily escorted. It
can provide some shore bombardment,
but has no warfare ability at sea.
In US terms, the Ivan Rogov would
cost about $50 million. This class has
been built at a very slow rate, indicating
either low priority or difficulties with the
design. The US Austin or British Fear-
less classes fulfill similar roles for NATO
but are more capable vessels.
BCGN Ki
The ultimate realization of the Soviet
rocket cruiser concept, the Kirov is the
most powerfully armed surface warship
in the world today. Capable of antiair,
antisurface and antisubmarine warfare,
it can serve as either a task force flag-
ship or as the partner of a Tbilisi-class
carrier. Its armament includes hundreds
of missiles, guns and mortars, and three
helicopters. Costing up to $2 billion each,
the Kirov class is very expensive for the
Soviets to build. The US Navy really has
nothing that compares to the Kirov.
SSGN 0 car
The huge Oscar submarine is one of
the most powerful antishipping platforms
in the world. It is extreme ly quiet,
equipped with good sensors, and can
launch large numbers of SS-N-19 anti-
ship missiles from long ranges. The Os-
cardepends on its own sensor suite out
to about 60 nautical miles, but would rely
on satellite and aircraft for targeting in-
formation at greater distances. It has
goodASW sensors and adequate weap-
ons, but it is an extremely large active
sonar target and not very maneuverable.
In wartime, this sub would always be es-
corted by a capable SSN. The Oscar is
definitely a capital unit of the Soviet Navy.
C Tc /is·
A new dimension in Soviet naval
design, Tbilisi is the first conventional
aircraft carrier ever produced in the
Soviet Union (as previous carriers have
concentrated on helicopters and VSTOL
ai rcraft) . Its deckload consists of air
superiority fighters and ASW helicopters,
indicating that its primary role will be to
Captain's Edition
------------------- ~
provide air and antisub protection for a
Russian task force.
It is smaller than most US carriers
(about the size of a post-WW II Midway
carrier). Unlike US carriers, though, it
does not use catapults, but instead
launches its aircraft with a ski jump. This
vessel should, of course, be heavily pro-
tected against close-in attack, but it can
contribute to a task force's survival, as
well.
SOVIET NAVAL AIRCRAFT
~,4
Su-27 Flanker
The single-seat Su-27 Flanker is the
Soviet's newest all-weather, long-range
fighter. This powerful aircraft has a
beautiful design and is very similar to the
US F-15 Eagle in appearance. The
Flanker can carry a large number of air
to air missiles-more than the F-15, in
fact-and has excellent maneuverabil-
ity. It has the best air intercept radar that
the Soviets have produced, but that is still
not as good as Western equipment.
However the aircraft also mounts an
infrared sensor which very few Western
aircraft carry.
The Flanker has a secondary ground
attack capability by virtue of its large
bomb-carrying capability. A naval version
of the Flanker is launched from the Tbil-
isi, and land-based versions are also
flown.
MiG-29 Fulcrum
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Ful-
crum is one of the newest Soviet fight-
ers. It is very maneuverable and can
carry a large missile load. Its nearest
Western counterparts are the F-16 Fal-
con and the F-18 Hornet, and it would
be a match for either. It has a very so-
phisticated radar-not as good as those
produced in the West, but much better
than previous Soviet models.
The Fulcrum would be used in wartime
primarily to escort strike aircraft, intercept
incoming aerial targets, and attack sur-
face targets. It has a relatively short
range, but not one unusually so for a
small fighter. The Fulcrum is probably ex-
pensive for the Soviets to build, costing
about $25 million in equivalent US terms.
Tu-22M Backfire
The Tupolev Tu-22M Backfire is one
of the few bombers ever built with after-
burners. It is a large, very powerful,
modern aircraft. The Backfire can deliver
a large payload, including cruise missiles
and bombs, against a variety of targets.
It has a very strong jamming suite to help
penetrate enemy defenses, which,
combined with its high speed on after-
burner, would make it very hard to catch
before it launched its missiles. It is an
extremely dangerous opponent.
The Backfire would probably cost
about $50 million if built in the US. There
is no Western equivalent to this aircraft,
although the B-1 has some similarities.
The Backfire, however, is a medium-
range strike aircraft while the B-1 is a
long-range, strategic strike asset.
Tu-95 Bear D
The elderly Tupolev Tu-95 Bear has
now been in Soviet service for over 30
years and has performed so well, in fact,
that new aircraft are still being built. The
n15
four-engine turboprop Bear is similar in
age and design to the US B-52 bomber.
Its original mission was to deliver a long-
range strategic strike by carrying free-fall
nuclear bombs. Whatever this aircraft is
asked to do, its great strengths are its
large payload and tremendous range.
The Bear D version carries a large sen-
sor suite and equipment for targeting
long-range missiles launched by other
platforms. Used alone or in pairs, the
Bear D's presence could signal an im-
minent attack. Considering its useful-
ness, the Bear is a relatively inexpensive
aircraft, costing about $20 million.
Tu-142 Bear F
The Bear Fis the ASW variant of the
elderly but successful Bear series. It is
sufficiently modified from the original
aircraft that it has a different model
number. This aircraft combines long
range and a large payload with typically
poor Soviet ASW sensors and torpe-
does. These aircraft patrol fa rout to sea,
where they cannot be attacked by enemy
land-based fighters or SAMs. The clos-
est US equivalent is the P-3 Orion, but a
closer one might be a B-52 fitted out for
ASW missions.
IL-76 Candid Tanker
Technically the IL-78 Candid (called
the "Midas"), this tanker version of the
IL-76 Candid transport is a great leap
forward for the Soviet tactical air forces .
Previously, the only aerial refueling was
of large, bomber-type aircraft by obso-
lete Badger A tankers which had been
converted from their previous role. This
dedicated tanker craft lets the new gen-
eration of fighters and attack planes
refuel in flight, extending their range and
effectiveness. The Midas is equivalent to
the US KC-135 or the British Victortanker
(both also based on converted transport
planes). The Soviets have only a few of
these valuable aircraft, so they will be
careful to keep them out of harm's way.
~----------------------------------------------G_D~W
Modern Naval Tactics
Throughout history, naval tactics have
centered on two problems-finding the
enemy and sinking him-with the first
one necessarily preceding the second.
At the Battle of Midway in World War 11,
the Japanese held a clear preponder-
ance of force (with four attack carriers
and several battleships versus three US
attack carriers backed by a few light
cruisers), but the fact that the US forces
found the Japanese first enabled them
to bring tremendous killing power to bear
first and win the battle.
Although the weapons used today are
considerably different, the basic prob-
lems remain the same. A fleet com-
mander must first find the enemy and
then sink him. Although the greater range
of surface to surface missiles enables
him to attack at very long range, ship-
mo u nted sensors cannot d etect and
identify a target at anywhere near the
same distance. This means that a ship
must either close to effective sensor
range or rely on some other sensor to
detect the enemy and direct the fire.
. When another sensor is used to de-
tect a target over the horizon from the
firing ship, it is called OTH (over the
horizon) tracking. When a sensor is used
for OTH tracking, it is usually mounted
on an aircraft. As a result, maritime pa-
trol aircraft have become tremendously
important assets in naval combat, de-
spite their own modest armament. It is
usually only by use of aerial tracking that
a ship is able to use its long-range cruise
missiles to maximum effect.
The obvious counter to patrol aircraft
is air defense weaponry, although most
patrol aircraft have good enough radars
to stand off out of SAM range and still
relay good target information to an at-
tacking task force. In that case, the best
way of dealing with patrol aircraft is to
send out fighter interceptors. Given the
limited range of most interceptors, how-
ever, a long-range patrol aircraft operat-
ing well out to sea is fairly safe from this
threat. That's where the carriers come in.
Carriers are in a position to launch
fighters that can shoot down a patrol
aircraft once it is detected. Since the
patrol aircraft may be able to detect a task
force and direct a missile attack against
it before fighters can be launched from
the deck, task forces like to keep a
combat air patrol aloft at all times to
quickly attack any snoopy aircraft in the
area. This can be done either by frequent
rotation of aircraft or by the use of aerial
tankers.
Of course the other function served by
carriers is that of mobile airbase for strike
aircraft. The ordnance carried by a
carrier's embarked air group is stagger-
ing, as you will learn playing the game. It
is easily sufficient to overwhelm all but
the largest and best-protected surface
task force.
The key word here, of course, is
"surface." While it is comparatively easy
to outfit aircraft with air to surface mis-
Ranges and Methods of Attack
Carrier Air
Long Range SSM
/ Short Range SSM
/
• SSGN
a
siles, ASW aircraft are more specialized,
more expensive, and naturally less
common. Furthermore, the sensors used
to detect aerial and surface targets are
not particularly useful against subma-
rines. Specialized sensors are required,
as well as an entirely different array of
weapons, all of which tend to be of
considerably shorter effective range than
similar systems used against surface
targets. As a result, submarines can
close to much shorter range with the
enemy in comparative safety.
The tremendous threat posed by
submarines to surface ships is reflected
in the number of ships which carry ASW
helicopters (reflected in the game in the
sonar and ASW ratings of ships). Spe-
cialized ASW ships escort larger war-
ships and attempt to detect and sink
attack submarines before they can
penetrate to the center of a task force.
As a result of all of this, modern naval
tactics now resemble an elaborate, high-
tech game of Rock, Paper, Scissors.
Each asset plays a unique role in an
elaborate combination of detection and
attack in three different environments: air,
surface, and suboceanic.
I
•
SSN
I
Torpedoes
 1

Captain's Edition Harpoon Errata

edited by Ted Kim <tek@ficus.cs.ucla.edu>
3 August 1990

This errata originally appeared in the Convergence Zone (v1 #7, 3 August 1990). As far as I
know, there is no official errata for the game. The errata which appears here is a compilation
from correspondence with Larry Bond (the designer) and my own personal opinion. Comments
are welcome via email.

(TF = Task Force)

Data Cards

1. The silhouette of the Bunker Hill is wrong. [The Bunker Hill is a VLS ship, but the silhouette
shows Mk26 launchers.]

2. As mentioned in the rules, the Spruance should have a hull rating of 2.

3. The Ivan Rogov ships should have a speed of 2.

4. The Amphibious ships should have a speed of 2.

Map

1. Change the 1712/1812 hexside into an all land hexside. [As printed, you can go from 1712 to
1812 to 1713 without transiting an all land hexside, even though there is plainly no water
connection.]

2. Change the 1714/1813 hexside into an all land hexside. [same problem]

Game Reference Chart

1. Add to the previous detection modifier description: "in current or previous turn".

Roster Pad

1. The Nimitz should have 6 hull boxes.

2. The Knox should have 1 short range SSM box.

2

Captain's Rules

1. Movement (p.3): Sometimes a moving TF is required to expend an additional movement

point to get another attempt at some activity (eg. pursuit after a gun battle, visual search).
Other activities of this type not already mentioned in the rules include: ESM roll, sonar roll,
torpedo attack, ASW attack. Remember, this only applies to a moving TF and not to any other
type of unit.

2. Maximum Speed (p.3): TFs start a scenario at speed 0.

3. Combining Task Forces (p.3): When combining TFs, retain the highest speed. [Players would
combine fast TFs with a slow one consisting solely of dummies and take the slower speed to
lower the chance of sonar detection.]

4. Defensive Deployment (p.5): A TF with an odd number of ships must place an unpaired ship.
[Allowing threesomes only when there are an odd number of ships created some anomalies.]

5. Missile Attack Procedure (p.6): All missiles from a single ship in a single attack on a TF are
represented as a single counter.

6. SAM Defense Diagram (p.6): In the example, substitute O.H. Perry for Arleigh Burke and
Spruance for Iowa. [None of the original ships have short range SAMs.]

7. Surface Search Radar (p.8): TFs may start a scenario radiating. [I recommend making up
some speed 0 counters for the game.]

8. Sonar (p.8): The +1 modifier for previous detection only applies if the target was detected in
the current or previous turn. This also applies if only part of the target TF was detected
previously (ie the current TF was combined with/split from a previously detected one). As noted
on the Game Reference Chart, a roll of 6 always fails. [Players interpreted the previous detection
modifier too loosely.]

9. Sonar Example (p.9): The designations in the diagram should be switched. TF A does not
start in the sonar range of TF 1. In the last paragraph, sonar detection for TF 1 is not a certainty,
because it would fail on a roll of 6. In the last paragraph, the base sonar rating of TF A should be
4, not 3.

10. Detection (p.10): Submarines may not use visual detection. [The periscope is not really an
effective search sensor.]

11. Torpedoes (p.11): Regardless of how many screen ships are attacked (and survive), only one
can counterattack the submarine.
 3

12. ASW Attacks (p.11): If an enemy submarine TF is moving and is detected in the same hex as
friendly forces, then one ASW capable surface ship and all ASW capable planes in the hex can
attack it. This is true, unless the only ASW capable friendly forces in the hex are submarines, in
which case, one friendly submarine may attack it.
If a friendly TF is moving and detects an enemy submarine in the same hex, the same limits
apply to the moving TF. Thus, if the friendly TF is not composed of submarines, one of the ASW
capable ships and all the ASW capable planes in the TF may attack thee nemy submarine. If the
friendly TF is a composed of submarines, only one of the friendly submarines may attack the
enemy submarine.
[Note, the only way ASW capable planes could be moving with a TF is to use carrier ASW patrol
planes acting as tactical aircraft via the Crossover Mission rule.]

13. Torpedo Example (p.11): The Akulas have a torpedo rating of 5, not 4. Therefore, the Akulas
should get an extra roll each. The arrows in the diagram represent hits. There should only be
one arrow from Nimitz to Akula-1.

14. Patrol Aircraft (p.12): Patrol aircraft can start on the board, unless based on a carrier which
has not yet entered the board. They may always start at their base. If no base is specified in the
scenario setup, any friendly base of the appropriate type may be chosen. Patrol planes based
on an off-board carrier do not have movement counters in the movement cup. If the carrier is
on the board at the start of a turn, add the movement counters for its patrol planes to the
movement cup.
Each patrol aircraft is based at a particular airbase. The radius for an aircraft is measured from
the base it is operating from. When moving a carrier, players should be careful not to move the
carrier outside the radii of patrol planes based on it.
[I find moving the plane counter with the plane model unwieldy. I recommend making up some
patrol plane ID counters and some base name counters. Place the aircraft counter under the ID
counter rather than under the plane model. Place the base name counter under the ID counter
to show where the plane is operating from.]

15. Detection (p.12): The ESM range of 3 hexes is, of course, 2 greater than that of surface
ships. Patrol aircraft using sonar detection may only attempt to detect targets in the same hex.
[Patrol aircraft usually use short range sono-buoys.]

16. Detecting Aircraft (p.12): Aircraft and Soviet long range missiles can be detected at a range
equal to the non-zero ASR rating. Other missiles can only be detected in the same hex. [Sea-
skimming missiles cannot be detected far away.]

17. SAM Attacks (p.13): Long range SAMs have a maximum range of 1. Thus, patrol aircraft can
only be attacked when in the same or adjacent hex. In an adjacent hex, the ship with the
highest long range SAM strength is used. In the same hex, the ship with the highest combined
short and long range SAM strength is used. The combined strength is used to attack patrol
planes in the same hex. [Before, the range of long range SAMs was equivalent to ASR range,
which is much too great.]
4

18. Air Search Radar Diagram (p.13): The shaded portion indicates ASR coverage. Given the
changes above, TF 2 and 3 should be moved closer to TF 1, and we must assume Soviet TF A is
using long range SSMs. The shaded portion must be adjusted appropriately. It was not correct
even for the old assumptions.

19. Attacks by Aircraft (p.13): When there is a choice of anti-surface ordinance, players should
record what type is being carried. Bombing attacks may be carried out using the same
procedure used by tactical aircraft. In this case, the patrol plane is considered to be equivalent
to a one-plane flight. The ordnance load may be changed each time the plane's movement
counter is drawn.
[I recommend making some ordnance counters (None, Bombs, SR ASM, LR ASM, Fuel). Place the
appropriate ordnance counter under the plane's ID counter. The fuel counter is used for A-6s
being used as tankers.]

20. Attacking Tactical Aircraft (p.14): The Aircraft Damage Table is on page 13, not 3.

21. Movement (p.14): At the start of a turn, place all tactical aircraft at a base in the "Ready
Aircraft" section of the base display. When a flight performs a mission, place it in the "Flown
Aircraft" section.

Tactical aircraft generally do not have to show their path on the Map board unless they
potentially pass close enough to a radiating unit to be detected (ie. 4 hexes from a NATO patrol
plane or radiating TF, 3 hexes from a radiating Soviet TF, or 2 hexes from a Soviet patrol plane.)

Airplanes from more than one base may participate in a single attack. It costs one additional
hex in radius for each additional base involved in the attack for all participating aircraft.
Wherever the paths of the various aircraft groups coincide, the planes are considered to be
traveling together, should they be attacked by CAP or SAMs.

22. ASM Attacks (p.14): When making an ASM attack on a TF, potentially more than one missile
counter may be placed. The total number of ships in the defending TF is the number of
"groups". Each plane may contribute its ASM strength to one group. All missile factors in the
same group are combined into one missile counter. Zero strength groups do not produce a
missile counter. When the missiles reach the target TF, only one missile counter can be placed
on any single ship.
[The rules were quite vague here. Some players claimed each plane could place a missile
counter, which then allowed so many counters to be placed that short range SAMs are unfairly
overwhelmed.]

23. Bomb Attacks (p.15): All planes attacking a single ship are considered to be a single counter
for purposes of short range SAM targets.
[Before, some ships could only shoot down four planes (ie one physical counter) despite having
very high short range SAM strength. Also, sometimes players would purposely fly one plane
flights to overwhelm the short range SAMs.]
 5

24. CAP (p.15): CAP planes wishing to use radar are not actually considered to be using it until
the carrier TF counter is radiating. Therefore, if the carrier TF is not radiating at the start of the
turn, the CAP cannot use radar until the carrier TF movement counter is drawn and it is
changed to radiating side. In the last paragraph, it should say that shot down AND ABORTED
aircraft never get to fire their missiles.

25. CAP Example (p.16): The shaded area represents the CAP radar coverage. Three hexes on
the right side of the diagram should not be shaded.

26. Commonly Asked Questions (p.16): If a patrol aircraft detects an enemy TF, ANY tactical
aircraft in range can attack (not just and-based ones).

Captain's Briefing

1. Aerial Tankers (p.2): For A-6s, this is considered to be a type of Crossover Mission.
[If using ordnance counters for patrol planes, use the fuel counter for an A-6 acting as a tanker.
This replaces all normal ordnance.]

2. Capturing Bases (p.2): If a base falls, all tactical and patrol aircraft based there are
eliminated.

3. Aircraft Crossover Missions (p.3): Players change aircraft status at the start of a turn. Tactical
planes used in a patrol role should have IDs and plastic models assigned and a movement
counter added. Patrol planes used in a tactical role are removed from the board and placed in
the appropriate base display.
[For tactical planes used in a patrol role, place initial ordnance and base counters under the ID
counter.]

Patrol planes operating as tactical aircraft may join CAP missions, if they have non-zero ASR
ratings. Such planes don't actually participate in combat should an intercept occur.
[This allows the E-2C to provide airborne early warning for carrier CAP. If it performed this
function as a patrol plane, it's pretty obvious where the carrier is.]

Patrol planes operating as tactical aircraft may conduct ASW attacks, if they have a non-zero
ASW rating. But players should keep in mind the restrictions in the ASW rules, which limit
attacks to enemy submarines in the same hex. Each plane attacks a detected submarine
individually using the same procedure used by patrol planes.

4. Surface Encounter Scenario (p.4): There is only one Soviet TF.

6

5. Cruise Missile Attack Scenario (p.4): Add a movement counter for the submarine. When it is
drawn, it can attack. If it foregoes its first attack, it can make a combined attack on the second
draw with missile strength 5.

6. Hunter Killer Scenario (p.4): The Soviet line should be anchored on hex 0816, not 1816.

7. Sink the Nimitz Scenario (p.5): The Soviet line should be anchored on hex 0816, not 1816.
NATO forces may not enter hexes 0115, 0215 or 0316. [Before, NATO forces can simply go
around Iceland to the northwest and avoid the Soviet forces entirely.]

8. Support Mission (p.5): Delete the material in parenthesis. [Dummies are automatically part
of any scenario past number 4 anyway.]

9. Midway 2000 (p.6): The NATO line should be anchored on 1321, not 1421.

10. Bases (p.7): If the Soviet player is informed that the NATO player has drawn 1-4, the Soviet
player must use the "alternate" descriptions, if any.

11. O.H. Perry (p.10): The description should mention the ship is also equipped with SAMs.
 7

New Rules

These new rules add a few new wrinkles to the game. Most of this comes from a letter I wrote to
Larry Bond and his responses. These rules are not official.

Interceptors

1. Make up some CAP and DLI counters. There should be six DLI counters, each labeled with the
name of an airbase: Bodo, Keflavik, Leuchars, Nimitz, Sevromorsk, Tbilisi. There should be eight
CAP counters, each labeled with the name of an airbase and one each for the NATO and Soviet
Airborne Tankers. The CAP counters should be in black on the front and red ("radiating"side) on
the back.

2. When players designate DLI (or CAP), the aircraft counters should be placed beneath the
appropriate DLI (or CAP) counter. CAP counters should be placed with the appropriate side face
up.

3. The opponent may not examine the contents of a DLI or CAP stack, until those forces attack
or are detected. [Before, players had too much knowledge about enemy DLI and CAP
dispositions.]

Rebasing

1. At the start of a turn, aircraft may change bases. Aircraft may change to any friendly base (of
the appropriate type) within double their radius from their current base.

2. Planes changing bases cannot fly missions for one whole turn. This represents the time it
takes to setup their support facilities. Tactical aircraft should be placed in the "Flown Aircraft"
sectionof their new base. Patrol aircraft should be removed from the board and their
movement counter removed from the movement cup.

3. In the following turn, these aircraft are available for missions. Place tactical aircraft in the
"Ready Aircraft" section of the base display. Put patrol aircraft movement counters back in the
movement cup.
[If you are using base counters, place the new base counter under the patrol ID counter. Players
can now evacuate a base in danger of falling.]

Helicopter OTH Targeting

1. Some helicopters are equipped with surface search radars. Certain ships have this type of
helicopter permanently assigned to them. These ships are Bunker Hill, Belknap, Spruance, O.H.
Perry, Knox, Tbilisi, Kirov, Kara, Sovremennyy and Udaloy. If these ships have not suffered half
8

damage, they are capable of operating helicopters. TFs which include one of more of these
ships may attempt Over the Horizon (OTH) targeting once during their move.

2. After entering a new hex, a TF may announce it is attempting OTH targeting. Either the same
hex or one adjacent hex may be detected by helicopter surface search radar. A task force which
has a speed of zero may also attempt OTH targeting of either its hex or an adjacent hex.

3. Because these helicopters are used for other duties and because of their limited endurance,
this detection stays in effect only until the task force moves to another hex. If not entering
another hex, the detection lasts until the end of its turn.

4. The TF does not have to radiate to use OTH targeting. [The 1990 Data Annex shows US CV
helicopters as having their SSR removed to put other gear in.]

Electronic Warfare Aircraft

1. Add another 4 plane tactical aircraft counter to the Nimitz and add one aircraft box to the
Nimitz aircraft display. The new counter represents the EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare
aircraft.
The EA-6B uses the A-6 data card with the following modifications:
SSR=1, no ASMs, no bombs, radius=8, def=3.

2. When one or more EA-6Bs accompany a tactical aircraft attack, the Prowlers may attempt to
jam enemy radars. Total the number of EA-6Bs in the attack and add 2 to get the final EW
strength. Roll one die. If the roll is equal to or less than the final EW strength, the EA-6Bs have
succeeded in jamming enemy radars.

3. The effect of jamming is to make SAMs fired against the aircraft in this raid miss on a roll of 4
(normally that roll would hit). It also effects long range SAM fire against long range ASMs
launched by the aircraft.

4. The Prowler aircraft may be attacked in the same manner as other strike aircraft in the
attack, except in a bombing attack they are not actually placed on a ship card (and thus cannot
be hit by short range SAMs during the bombing attack). Destroying the Prowlers only effects
future aircraft availability and does not cancel any jamming currently in effect.

5. Each task force which fires SAMs at the aircraft should roll separately for jamming.

[I am not sure what type of Soviet EW aircraft are based at Sevromorsk. Jamming reduced
expected SAM hits from 2/3 per roll to 1/2. Adding 1 to SAM rolls makes it 1/3 per roll. I thought
this was too powerful.]