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Heat Exchanger Design & Analysis

This document discusses the design and simulation of heat exchangers using the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) approach. It describes the process parameters and geometrical parameters required for the design and simulation of heat exchangers. Counter-current, co-current, and cross-flow heat exchanger configurations are examined, along with their temperature profiles and heat transfer equations. The LMTD method for determining heat transfer rate is also summarized.

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hamid jannesari
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166 views19 pages

Heat Exchanger Design & Analysis

This document discusses the design and simulation of heat exchangers using the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) approach. It describes the process parameters and geometrical parameters required for the design and simulation of heat exchangers. Counter-current, co-current, and cross-flow heat exchanger configurations are examined, along with their temperature profiles and heat transfer equations. The LMTD method for determining heat transfer rate is also summarized.

Uploaded by

hamid jannesari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Heat Exchangers: Fundamentals and Design Analysis

Design and Simulation of Heat Exchangers (LMTD Approach)

1
Design (Sizing)
Heat Exchanger
Process Parameters Hot Cold
Do Di
Inlet Temperature  
Exit Temperature  
L
Inlet & Exit Pressures  
Flow Rates   Geometrical Parameters Hot Cold
Length (L)  
Inner Diameter (Di)  
Outer Diameter (D0)  

2
Simulation (Rating)
Process Parameters Hot Cold
Heat Exchanger
Inlet Temperature  
Do Di
Inlet Pressures  
Flow Rates  
L

Geometrical Parameters Hot Cold


Process Parameters Hot Cold
Length (L)  
Exit Temperature  
Inner Diameter (Di)  
Exit Pressures  
Outer Diameter (D0)  
3
Counter Current HX

o External heat in-leak: Negligible

Temperature
o Separating wall thickness: Negligible

o Axial conduction of heat: Negligible


4
Counter Current HX
𝐴𝐴ℎ 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑄𝑄 = ℎℎ � � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝑇𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 ) = ℎ𝑐𝑐 � � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿

𝑄𝑄 = ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ (𝑇𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 ) = ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 (𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )

(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ 𝑇𝑇ℎ + ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )


𝑇𝑇𝑤𝑤 =
(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ + ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 )

(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ 𝑇𝑇ℎ + ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )


𝑄𝑄 = ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ �𝑇𝑇ℎ − �
(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ + ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 )
5
Counter Current HX
(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 )
𝑄𝑄 = [(𝑇𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )]
(ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ + ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 )

1
𝑄𝑄 = � � [(𝑇𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )]
ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐
� + �
ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐 ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐

1 1 1 1
𝑄𝑄 = � � [(𝑇𝑇ℎ − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 )] = 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈(∆𝑇𝑇) where, =� + �
1 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 ℎℎ 𝐴𝐴ℎ ℎ𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐
�𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈�
6
Counter Current HX

(Design Summary)

7
Counter Current HX: Temperature Profiles

L L L

∆T
Temperature

Temperature

Temperature
∆T

8
Counter Current HX
L

∆T
L

Temperature
9
Counter Current HX

∆T

Temperature
10
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

∆𝑇𝑇𝐿𝐿 �𝑇𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑇𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 � �𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �


𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � � = −𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 � − �
∆𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠 𝑄𝑄 𝑄𝑄 L

∆𝑇𝑇𝐿𝐿 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 ∆T

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � �=− ��𝑇𝑇ℎ,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 � − �𝑇𝑇ℎ,𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ��

Temperature
∆𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠 𝑄𝑄

11
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
(Design Summary)
L
where,
∆T

Temperature
12
Counter Current HX: Temperature Profiles

L L

∆T
Temperature

Temperature
∆T

13
Co- Current HX
(Design Summary) where,
Temperature

L
14
Cross-flow HX

Crossflow Exchanger

15
Cross-flow HX

 Shell and Tube

 One Shell Pass

 Multiple of Two-tube Passes

F. P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, Heat and Mass Transfer 16


Cross-flow HX

 Shell and Tube

 Multiple of Two-tube Passes

 Two Shell Passes

17
F. P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, Heat and Mass Transfer
Cross-flow HX

 Cross-flow Exchanger

 Single Pass

 Both Fluids Unmixed

F. P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, Heat and Mass Transfer 18


Cross-flow HX

 Cross-flow Exchanger

 Single Pass

 One Fluid Mixed and


Other Unmixed

F. P. Incropera and D.P. DeWitt, Heat and Mass Transfer 19

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