ICT KEY POINTS
UNIT 1 - DIGITAL DEVICES
1.Digital Devices
Embedded computers are incorporated into other devices, rather than being stand-
alone computers. It is a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output
peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system.
Examples include digital cameras, mobile phones and music players.
Physical computing means building interactive computer systems by the use of software
and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world. Example; smart
automatic control system and factory automation system.
A set-top box is a device that sends video and audio received from a broadcaster to a
television. Ex; airtel digital, Dish Tv.
Age ratings for video games – good or bad?
o Age ratings ensure that entertainment content – such as films, DVDs, and games
– is clearly labelled for the minimum age group for which it is suitable. Age
ratings provide guidance to consumers to help them decide whether or not to buy
a particular product.
Headset with a microphone and speaker is not a peripheral device. A CPU processor is
not a peripheral device, because it is the brain of the computer, not something that is
connected. RAM can be called a peripheral device hardly, because it is part of the
storage, but main memory.
Pros and Cons of Biometric scanners
Remote sensing – Sensors can be used in disaster management. For example, landslides,
earthquakes, search and rescue. (factors; slope steepness, location, density, rainfall)
Sensors in smartphones –
Accelerometer (vibration and tilt)
Light sensor (adjusting brightness based on the environment)
Proximity sensor (detect how close the phone is to an object. Ex; turn
touch screen off when the phone is held at your ear),
Heart rate sensor, Barometer(pressure)
Sensors in cars –
Airbag sensors
Fuel sensors
Temperature sensor (stops engine overheating)
GPS sensors
Sound systems
Mono sound – sound that comes from a single speaker on one side.
Stereo sound – sound that comes from two speakers on two sides.
Surround sound – sound that comes form four or more speakers on all
sides (When watching TV to give a more realistic experience.)
2- Software
Internet and Intranet
INTERNET INTRANET
Wide network of computers A network of computers designed for
that is available to all a certain group of users.
Public network Private network
Contains various source of Only contains group-specific
information information
Larger businesses allow users within
their intranet to access public internet through firewall servers. When
part of an intranet is made accessible to customers and others outside
the business, it becomes part of an extranet.
The Internet of Things is a system of interrelated computing devices, machines, objects,
animals or people with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network
without requiring human interaction.
1. Free SW - Linux kernel, the GNU Compiler Collection and C library, the MySQL relational
database.
2. Open source SW - Apache HTTP Server, Mozilla Firefox and Chromium
3. Proprietary SW - Microsoft Windows, Adobe Flash Player, iTunes, Adobe Photoshop
CAD SW – Jewel CAD, Auto CAD, Turbo CAD
CAL SW - Moodle
3- Memory and Processors
Memory – Primary storage or Main memory.
Storage – secondary storage
UNIT 2 – CONNECTIVITY
4 – Digital Communication
5 - Networks
Hub - A hub is to sent out a message from one port to other ports. For example, if there
are three computers of A, B, C, the message sent by a hub for computer A will also come
to the other computers. But only computer A will respond and the response will also go
out to every other port on the hub. Therefore, all the computers can receive the message
and computers themselves need to decide whether to accept the message.
Switch - A switch is able to handle the data and knows the specific addresses to send the
message. It can decide which computer is the message intended for and send the
message directly to the right computer. The efficiency of switch has been greatly
improved, thus providing a faster network speed.
Router - Router is actually a small computer that can be programmed to handle and
route the network traffic. It usually connects at least two networks together, such as two
LANs, two WANs or a LAN and its ISP network. Routers can calculate the best route for
sending data and communicate with each other by protocols.
Topologies
Wireless Access points
UNIT 3 – OPERARATING ONLINE
6 – Risks to Data and Personal Information.
