Practice Exam Questions Questions

Q1.The graph shows the volumes of carbon dioxide given off when marble chips are reacted with
hydrochloric acid in five different experiments.

(a)  Curve A shows the volume of carbon dioxide given off when some marble chips are reacted
with an excess of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
(i)  Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if half the mass of
marble chips is used with excess of the acid.
(2)
Curve E. Because half the concentration of marble chips was used, half as much carbon dioxide
would be produced. (30 cm3). Also, since the concentration decreased, the rate of reaction is
slower, and the graph is less steep.

(ii)  Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the reaction is
performed at a lower temperature, with the same mass of marble chips and excess of the acid.

Curve C. Because as the temperature decreases, the rate of reaction decreases, so the graph
is less steep. The same volume of carbon dioxide is produced at the end because the same
quantities of everything was used.
(2)
(iii)  Explain which curve, B, C, D or E, could represent the results obtained if the marble chips
are replaced by the same mass of powdered marble chips and excess of the acid.
(2)
Curve B. Because, increasing the surface area to volume ratio by using powdered chips increases
the rate of reaction, so the graph is steeper. The same volume of carbon dioxide is produced at
the end because the same quantities of everything were used.
(b)  Suggest a suitable piece of apparatus for collecting the carbon dioxide in this experiment.
Gas syringe (1)
(Total for question = 7 marks)

 
Q2.    Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a brown gas.
Dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) is a colourless gas.

The two gases can exist together in dynamic equilibrium according to the equation

A mixture of nitrogen dioxide gas and dinitrogen tetraoxide gas is allowed to reach
equilibrium in a sealed container at 20°C. This equilibrium mixture is brown in colour.

(a)  The sealed container is immersed in hot water at 60 °C.

As the temperature of the gas mixture increases, the pressure of the gas mixture
also increases.
(i)   Predict the effect of the increase in temperature on the position of
       equilibrium.
(1)
Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to decrease the temperature, that is towards the
left(endothermic direction).
(ii)  Predict the effect of the increase in pressure on the position of equilibrium.
(1)
Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium to decrease the pressure, so it shifts towards the
side that produces fewer molecules of gas (towards the right side).
(iii)  Suggest why it is difficult to predict which way the equilibrium will shift.
(1)

(b)  Suggest why the equilibrium mixture is a darker shade of brown at 60°C than the
      equilibrium mixture at 20°C.
(2)
At 60°C, the position of equilibrium shifts towards the left, so more Nitrogen Dioxide is produced,
so the equilibrium mixture is darker.

  (Total for question = 5 marks)

Q3. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are used in the manufacture of methanol (CH 3OH).

The reaction is reversible and can reach a position of dynamic equilibrium.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)        ΔH = −91 kJ/mol

The reaction is carried out at a pressure of about 100 atmospheres and a temperature of 250°C.

(a) State two features of a reaction that is in dynamic equilibrium.

(2)
1. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
2. The total concentrations or amounts of the reactants and products remain constant.

(b)  (i)  How would a decrease in temperature at constant pressure affect the amount of methanol
in the equilibrium mixture?
Explain your answer.
(2)
Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium to decrease the pressure, so it shifts towards the
side that produces fewer molecules of gas (towards the right side). Thus the amount of methanol
in the equilibrium mixture increases.

(ii)  How would an increase in pressure at constant temperature affect the amount of methanol in
the equilibrium mixture? Explain your answer.
(2)
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(c)  Methanol (CH3OH) can be converted into methanal (H2CO).

A mixture of methanol and oxygen is passed over an iron oxide catalyst at 250°C.

Methanal and water are the only two products.

(i)  Write a chemical equation for the conversion of methanol into methanal.
(2)

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(ii)  What is meant by the term catalyst?

(2)

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(iii)  Explain how a catalyst works.
(2)

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(d)  Methanol can be used in racing cars as an alternative fuel to petrol.

Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of methanol.

(2)
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(Total for Question = 14 marks)