CssPastPapers(Pr

ecisand
Composit
ion)1971-2016

1.YEAR1971

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout250wor
ds.

Theessenceofpoet rythatitdealswi thev entswhi chconcernal argenumberofpeopl eand

canbegr aspednotasi mmedi atepersonal exper i
encebutasmat terknownl ar
gelyf r
om her esy
andpr esentedinsimplifi
edandof tenabst ractf or
ms.I tisthustheant i
thesi sofallpoet r
ywhi ch
dealswi ththespecial
,i
ndi v
idualactiv
ityoft hesel fandtriestopresentt hisasspeci all
yandas
i
ndividuallyasitcan.Thepoetwhodeal swi thpubl i
cthemesmayhi msel fbeaf f
ected, even
deeply,bycont emporaryeventsatsomepoi ntinhi sownbei ng,buttoseet hem int heirbreadth
anddept hhemustr el
ylargelyonwhathehear sfrom othermenandf rom massi nst r
ument sof
communi cati
on.From thestartofhisi mpulset owr it
eaboutt hem isdi f
ferentfrom anyi mpul se
towriteabouthi sownaf fai
rs.Itmaybej ustasst rongandj ustascompel l
ing,butitisnotoft he
sameki nd.Hehast ogivehisownv ersionofsomet hingwhi chmill
ionsofot hersmayshar e
wit
hhi m, andhowev erindivi
dualhemaywi sht obe, hecannotav oi
dr elyingt oalargeext enton
mucht hatheknowsonl yf r
om secondhand.

Fundament al
lythismaynotmat t
er,foraf t
eral lwhatelsedidShakespear edo: butt he
politi
calpoetdoesnotconst ructani magi narypast ;heattemptstogr aspandi nterpretav ast
present.Betweenhi m andhissubj ecttherei sagapwhi chcannev ercompl etelycross, andall
hisattempt stomakeev ent
spar tofhimsel fmustbet osomeext enthamper edbyr ecalcit
rant
el
ement sinthem,whi chhedoesnotunder standorcannotassi mil
ateorf i
ndi rr
elevantt ohis
creativetask.I
nsuchpoet r
yselectionwhi chi sindispensabletoallart
,hast obemadef rom an
unusual l
ylargefi
eldofpossi bi
l
iti
esandgui dedbyanexact i
ngsenseofwhatr eall
ymat t
ersand
whatdoesnot .Ononesi dehemayt r
yt oincludet oomuchandl osehi mselfi nissueswher ehe
i
snoti maginati
vel
yathome, ontheot hersi dehemayseesomehugeev entmer elyfrom a
privateanglewhichneednotmeanmucht oot hers.Poli
ti
calpoetryoscil
latesbet weent hese
extremes, andit
shi st
oryinourtimehasbeenl argelyatt
empt stomaket hebestofoneort he
otheroft hem ortoseewhatcompr omisescanbemadebet weent hem.

2.Rewri
tethef
oll
owingpoem i
nsi
mpl eproseandthencommentont
hedi
ff
erencesbet
ween
thepoet
icachi
evementi
nthepoem andthelit
eral
render
ingi
npr
osemadebyyou.

Wari
snotal
i
fe,
iti
sasi
tuat
ion,
Onewhi
chmaynei
therbei
gnor
edoraccept
ed

Apr
obl
em t
obemetwi
thambushandst
rat
agem,

Env
elopedorscat
ter
ed

Theendur
ingi
snotasubst
it
utef
ort
het
ransi
ent

Nei
theronef
ort
heot
her
.Butt
heabst
ractconcept
ion

Ofpr
ivat
eexper
ienceasi
tsgr
eat
esti
ntensi
ty

Becomi
nguni
ver
sal
whi
chwecal
l"poet
ry"

Maybeaf
fi
rmedi
nver
se.

3,(
a)Usethefol
l
owingwor
dsi
natl
eastTWOsenses,
eit
herasav
erborasanounorasan
adj
ect
iveorasboth

(
i)Cl
ear

(
ii
)Face

(
ii
i)Ener
gy

(
iv)Val
ue

(
v)Bui
l
d

(
b)Uset
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomat
icexpr
essi
onsi
nil
l
ust
rat
ivesent
ences.

(
i)Car
ryout

(
ii
)Takenov
er

(
ii
i)Br
ingabout

(
iv)Beatout

(
v)Bearwi
th

4."Theunit
yofacountrydependsont hehist
ori
calconsci
ousnessofi
tspeopl
eofacommon
past,buti
tdependsmoreont heacceptancebypeopleofcommonv al
ue-sy
stem onwhi
cht
hei
r
fut
ureisbased."Di
scuss

OR

Suggestway
sandmeansofr
emov
ingbi
tt
ernessandi
mpr
ovi
nggoodr
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenEast
andWestPakist
an.

5.Anal
yset
hecausesofYout
hRebel
l
ioni
nthewor
ldt
odayandsuggestway
sandmeansof
r
emov
ingt
hosecauses.

OR

"
Westi
sWestandEasti
sEast

AndNev
ert
het
wai
nshal
lmeet
?

(
Kipl
i
ng)

Writ
eanimagi
naryconver
sat
ionbet
weenKi
pli
ngandahighl
ymoder
nizedPaki
staniwhohas
seenhowmoderntechnol
ogi
call
yor
ient
edWester
nCi
vi
li
zati
oncompl
etel
ychangingtheat
ti
tude
ofamodernman.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

2.YEAR1972

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout250wor
ds.

Uptoapoi ntt
hesecondGer manWarr esembledthefi
rst.EachbeganwithaGermanbi dfor
powerwhi chalmostsucceededinspit
eoft heopposi
ti
onofFr anceandGreatBr
it
ain.Ineach
theUnitedStatecametother escueaf
teryearsofneut
rali
ty.Eachendedwit
haGer mandef eat
.
Butthediffer
enceswereeasiertoseethant her
esemblances.Thepowersweredif
ferentl
y
grouped.

I
talyandJapanwer eont heGer mansi de, Russiawasneut ralunti
ltheGer mansat tacked
acrosswhathadbeen, tobegi nwi t
h,Pol andandBal ti
cSt ates.Thesecondwarl astedev en
l
ongert hant heot her.Itpressedhar deront heci vi
li
anpopul ation.Afteraper i
odofr est raint
,
perhaps, intendedt oconci li
ateAmer i
canopi nion,bothsidesdr oppedbombsf rom t heai r,
withoutr espectf ort henat ureoft het arget s, wherevertheof ficersconcernedexpect edt ocause
thegr eatestef fect .InGr eatBr it
ain,60,000ci v i
l
ianswer eki l
led.Thought heIslandwasnot
i
nv aded, thepopul at i
onwasmor edirectlyi nv ol
vedt hanitwasi nanyf ormerwar .Chi ldrenand
other swer eev acuat edf r
om t ownsi ntot hecount r
y.Foodsuppl iesransoshor tthat ,att he
wor st,evenpot at oeswer erationed.Al loft hest atesopposedt oGermany ,GreatBr i
t ainwast he
onlyonewhi chf oughtt hroughoutt hewar .Ther esour cesoft henat i
onwer econcent ratedint he
waref f
ortmor ecompl etelythant hoseofanyot hernat i
ononei therside.Labourf orwomenas
well asmen, becamecompul sor y.Nev erthel ess,oncet hewarr eacheditsfullsev erityint he
west ,eightmont hsaf t
eri twasdecl ared, ther ewasl essdi sunionbet weenclassesandi nterests
thani nanyot herf ivey earswi thinli
vingmemor y.

Fightingspr
eadallovertheworld.ThePaci fi
cwasasv i
talatheatreasEur ope.Sci
enti
sts,
especiall
yPhysi
cist
s,mader evol
utionarydiscover
iesduri
ngt hewar ,
notonl yinthefi
eldsof
weaponsanddef enseagainstthem, butalsoinsupply,
transport,andcontrolinacti
on.Str
ange
tosayt hefi
ghtserv
icessuffer
edfewercasual ti
esthanin1914- 18:300,000oft hearmedforces
and35,000oft henavywerekill
ed.Therewasnot hingli
kethetr
enchwarfareoff
ormerwar ,
thoughtherewasal mosteveryothersortofwarfare,
from mechani
zedwarofmov ementinthe
NorthAfri
cadeser tt
ohandt ohandjunglefighti
nginBurma.Bothsidesexper
imentedandbuil
t
i
pst ocksforgas-warf
areandbiological
war far
e,butneit
hersi
deusedthem.(GeorgeClar
k:
Engli
shHistory:ASurvey)

2.Rewri
tethef
oll
owingpoem i
nsi
mpl eproseandthencommentont
hedi
ff
erencesbet
ween
thepoet
icachi
evementi
nthepoem andthelit
eral
render
ingi
npr
osemadebyyou.

Thef
orcet
hatt
hrought
hegr
eenf
usedr
ivest
hef
lower

Dr
ivesmygr
eenage,
thatbl
ast
sther
oot
soft
rees

I
smydest
roy
er,

AndIam dumbt
otel
lthecr
ookedr
ose.

Myy
out
hisbentbyt
hesamewi
ntr
yfev
er.

Thef
orcet
hatdr
ivest
hewat
ert
hrought
her
ocks.

Dr
ivesmyr
edbl
ood,
thatdr
ivest
hemout
hingst
reams,

Tur
nsmi
net
omax.

AndIam dumbt
omout
hunt
omyv
eins

Howatt
hemount
ainsspr
ingt
hesamemout
hsucks.

Thehandt
hatwhi
rl
sthewat
eri
nthepool
.

St
ir
sthequi
cksand,
thatr
opest
hebl
owi
ngwi
nd,

Haul
smyshr
oudsai
l
,

AndIam dumbt
otel
lthehangi
ngman,

Howofmycl
ayi
smadet
hehangman'
sli
me.

Thel
i
psoft
imel
eecht
othef
ount
ainhead.

Lov
edr
ipsandgat
her
s,butt
hef
all
enbl
ood,

Smal
lcal
m hersor
es.

AndIam dumbt
otel
laweat
her
'swi
nd,

Howt
imehast
ickedaheav
enr
oundt
hest
ars.
AndIam dumbt
otel
lthel
over
'st
omb,

Howatmysheetgoest
hesamecr
ookedwor
m

(
Dyl
anThomas)

3.(
a)Dist
ingui
shbet weent
hemeani
ngoft
hewor
dsi
nthef
oll
owi
ngpai
rs,
anduset
hem i
n
i
ll
ustr
ati
vesentences.

(
i)Consci
ousness,
Consci
ent
iousness

(
ii
)Ingeni
ous,
Ingenuous

(
ii
i)Fant
ast
ic,
Fanat
ical

(
iv)Honour
abl
e,Honor
ary

(
v)Pol
i
tici
an,
Stat
esman

(
b)Uset
hef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
onsi
nsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Tof
all
backonsomet
hing

(
ii
)Tof
all
thr
ough

(
ii
i)Onr
ightear
nest

(
iv)Vest
edi
nter
est
s

(
v)Meani
ngf
ulDi
alogue

4.Wr
it
eadial
oguebetweenaC.
S.P.off
iceranday
oungmanaspi
ri
ngt
obecomeoneonhowt
o
i
mproveci
vi
ladmi
nist
rat
ioni
nPakist
an.

OR

(
a)Rel
i
gioni
stheonl
yfor
cet
hatcankeepourpeopl
etoget
her
.

(
b)Buti
tseemst
ohav
efai
l
edt
odosoi
nourcount
ry.

Cont
inuet
hedi
scussi
on.

5.Li
st,
wit
hbri
efamplif
icat
ion,
whaty
our
egar
dast
heFI
VEmostser
iouspr
obl
emsbef
oret
he
Gover
nmentofPaki
stan.

OR

"I
ntheopi
nionoft
hishouseRegi
onal
i
sm i
sgr
eat
esthi
ndr
ancei
nthewayofournat
ional
progr
ess"
.

Wr
it
easpeechf
ororagai
nstt
heabov
ement
ioned.
Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

3.YEAR1973

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout250wor
ds.

Asaki ndoff oot -

noteIshoul dcommentt hatther ear ethosewhodoubtwhet heritiswi thi
n
thepowerofsci encet oensur eoverapr ol
ongedper i
odoff reedom f r
om desti
tut
ionandf amine
formanki nd.Thear gumentist heoldoneofMal t
hus, thatint her acebet weenincreasing
populati
onandi ncreasingproduct i
on, populati
onmustev ent ual
lywi n.Thoseofuswhodecl i
ne
toacceptt hispessi misti
cv i
ewr ecognizethedi ff
icultyoft hepr actical pr
obl
em ofmeet ingthe
needsofanev er-
expandingpopul ation.Wehav e,howev er,greaterf ait
hinhuman
resourcefulness.Wenot ethatitisnotonl yinthet echnol ogyofpr oduct i
onandmedi ci
net hat
thepresentgener ati
ondifferssogr eatlyfr
om theonebef ore.Asi mi larrapi
dchangei sl i
kewise
occurri
ngi nt hethinkingofmassesofpeopl e.Thischangei sbroughtaboutpar t
lybyexper i
ence
withtechnol ogyandpar t
lybymor ewi despreadeducat ion.Her eliesanewr ealminwhi ch
dramat i
cadv anceisbeingmade.

Thehopef ort helongerfutureli

esinagr owi ngunder st
andi ngofthecondi tionsforthegood
l
ifeofmani nawor l
dofscienceandt echnology ,
andt heaccept anceofamor ali
tythati
s
consistentwiththesecondi ti
ons.Wi t
ht hewidespr eadthoughtnowbei nggi vent osuch
problemsbyper sonswhoset hi
nkingisschool edt orel
yonr easonandt estedf act.I
tisevi
dent
thatadv ancefrom thisanglewillal
soappear .Yout hmay ,
forexampl e,considert heseremarks
asanef for
ttoseei ntruerperspecti
vet hetypeofi dealsthatar eappropri
atet otheageof
science.Manyar ethosewhoar enowshar ingt othisexplorationofhumanv alues.

Thegr eatquestioniswhet hersuchunderstandingofhumangoalsandt hecorresponding

dev el
opmentofmor al
scanbeachi evedbefor
et hefor
cesseenbyMal thus,andemphasi zedso
forceful
lybyr ecentwr i
ter
s,ov erwhel
mt heeff
ortsofthepioneer
sinthi
snewandcr iti
calfi
eld.I
donotbel i
evethatt hi
sisinevitabl
e.Iam conf
identofman'sabil
it
ytomeetandsol vethis
ethicalproblem thatissov i
tal t
othesuccessofhiseffortt
oachievephysicalandspir
itual
freedom,

I
ti srelevantthatasIanal yset her easonsf ormyfait
hi nman'sev entualabil
itytomeett his
cri
ticalpr obl
ems.If i
ndt hatpr omi nenti nmymi ndistheconfidencet hatGodWhomadeus
holdsf orusani ncreasi
ngdensi t
y ,tobeachi evedthr
oughourownef for
tsinthewor l
dsetting
thathesuppl ies.Thisobser v
at i
oni ssi gnif
icantinthepresentsett
ingbecausei tismyst rong
i
mpr essiont hatmostoft hosewhohav ethef i
rmfait
hinman' sadv ancementl i
kewi sehav ea
rel
igiousbasi softheirfaith.Ifthisimpr essionisvali
dit
sconsequencei sclear.Itmeanst hati t
i
smenandwomenofr eligiousf aithonwhom wemustpr i
maril
yrelyt oworkst r
ongl ytoward
achiev i
ngaf avourablewor l
dsoci ety .Itmeansal sothatthoseofreligiousfai
thbecauseoft hei
r
fai
thhav eabet t
erchanceofsur v i
val, afactthathasabear i
ngont heat ti
tudethatmaybe
expect edi nthesoci et
yoft hef uture.
2.Renderthefol
l
owingpoem i
nsi
mpl epr
oseandcommentonthedi
ff
erencei
ntheef
fect
ive
useoflanguagebet
weenthepoem andit
sprosev
ersi
onbyyou.

TODAFFODI
LS

Fai
rdaf
fodi
l
s,weweept
osee

Youhast
eawaysosoon,

Asy
ett
heear
lyr
isi
ngsun

Hasnotat
tai
nedhi
snoon

St
ay,
stay
,

Unt
ilt
hehast
ingday

Hasr
un

Butt
otheev
en-
song,

Andhav
ingpr
ayedt
oget
her
,we

Wi
l
lgowi
thy
oual
ong

Wehav
eshor
tti
met
ost
ay,
asy
ou,

Wehav
eashor
taspr
ing;

Asqui
ckagr
owt
htomeetdecay
,

Asy
ou,
orany
thi
ng,

Wedi
e,

Asy
ourHour
sdo,
anddr
y

Away

Li
ket
osummer
'sr
ain

Orast
hepear
lsofmor
ningdew,

Ne'
ert
obef
oundagai
n.

(
Rober
tHer
ri
ck)

3.(
a)Eachofthefoll
owingwordshasmoret
hanonemeaning.ChooseanyFIVEofthem andby
usi
ngthem i
natleasttwosent
enceseachi
ndi
cat
eswhatthesedif
ferentmeani
ngsare:

(
i)Repor
t
(
ii
)Rul
er

(
ii
i)Poi
nt

(
iv)Wear

(
v)Gl
asses

(
vi)Vessel

(
vii
)St
age

(
vii
i
)Spi
ri
t

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomat
icexpr
essi
onsi
nyourownsent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethei
r
meani
ng.

(
i)Tur
ntoAccount

(
ii
)Tobeatt
heai
r

(
ii
i)Tobr
eakt
hel
ancewi
th

(
iv)Tof
oul
of

(
v)Tokeepopendoor

(
vi)Toputoutofcount
enance

(
vii
)Gotupt
oki
l
l

(
vii
i
)Tohav
eaf
ingeri
nthepi
e

4."
Iti
smyi nvi
ncibl
ebeli
efthatsci
enceandpeacewil
ltr
iumphoveri
gnoranceandwar,t
hat
not
ionwil
leventual
lyuni
tenotdestr
oybutbui
ld,andt
hatthef
uturewi
llbel
ongtothosewhowi
l
l
havedonemostf orsuf
fer
inghumanity
".

Expandthi
sinapar
agr
aphofabout120wor
dsgi
vi
ngexampl
esandar
gument
sinsuppor
tof
Pastur
e'sbel
i
ef.

OR

Suggestwhatt
hepeopl
eoft
hiscount
rycandot
hemsel
vest
oremedysoci
alev
il
s.

5."
Asghari
snowtwent
y-t
wo,
"shetel
l
sherhusband,"
It'
stimeyoushoul
dthoughtofhis
marri
agel
estt
heboyst
art
skeepi
ngbadcompany."MirNihalcl
ear
shist
hroatandsays:

"Yes,Iwasgoingt
ospeaktoyouabouthi
m my
sel
f.Hashegonet
osl
eep?
"No.Hewentout
afterdi
nnerandhasnotcomebackyet
".
(
AhmadAl
i
:Twi
l
ighti
nDel
hi)

Developthisconversat
ionbetweenMirNi
halandBegum Ni
hal
aboutt
hei
rsonAsgharandhis
marriageinordertogiveanimpressi
onoft
hecustomsandmannersofMusl
i
msinIndo-Pak
Sub-Conti
nent.

OR

Wr
it
eacr
it
ical
rev
iewoft
hemar
ri
agecust
omsofy
ourr
egi
onort
ri
beorf
ami
l
y,et
c.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

4.YEAR1974

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout200wor
ds.

Manispr
e-emi
nentl
yananimalgoodatgadget
s.Howev
er,
ther
eisr
easonf
ordoubt
inghi
s
goodj
udgementi
nthei
rut
il
izat
ion.

Perhapst hef i
rstchemi calprocesswhi chmanempl oyedf orhisownser vi
cewas
combust ion.Firstutil
izedtowar m nakedandchill
edbodi es,itwast hendi
scov er
edt obe
effect
ivef orscaringof fnocturnalbeastsofpreyandanadmi rableagentf orthepreparati
onand
preservati
onoff ood.Muchl atercamet hediscover
yt hatfir
ecoul dbeusedi nextracti
ngand
wor ki
ngmet alsandl astofal l
thatitcouldbeempl oyedt ogener atepower .I
nanci entti
mes
manbegant ousef i
reasaweapon, beginni
ngwithincendiaryt orchesandar rowand
proceedingt oexpl osives,whichhav ebeendev el
opedpr inci
pallyf orthedestruct
ionofhuman
beingsandt heirworks.

I
nt hecont rolandut il
izationofgases, theachi evement sofourspeci eshav enotbeen
commendabl e.Onemi ghtbegi nwithai r,
whi chmanbr eathesi ncommonwi thot hert er
restri
al
vertebr ates.Hedi ffersfrom ot herani malsi nt hatheseemsi ncapabl eofsel ectingt herightkind
ofai rforbr eathing.Mani sf oreverdoi ngt hings, whichf oultheai randpoi soninghi msel fbyhi s
ownst upidity.Hepenshi msel fupi nal i
mi tedai rspaceandsuf focates; hemanuf actures
noxiousgaseswhi chacci dent all
yori ntentionallydisplacet heai randr emov ehi mf rom t he
ranksoft hel i
ving;hehasbeencompl etelyunabl etof i
lt
ertheai roft hedi seaseger ms, whi chhe
breat hest ohi sdet riment ;heandal lhiswor ksar epower lesst opr ev
entahur ri
caneort o
withst andi tsf orce.Manhasi ndeedbeenabl etout i
lizethepowerofmov ingai rcurr entstoa
l
imi t
edext entandt oimitat ethef l
ightofbi rds, withthecer taintyofev ent uall
ybr eaki nghi sneck
i
fhet riesi t.

Manuseswat ermuchinthesamewayasot herani

mals;hehast odri
nkitconstantl
y,
washesinitf
requent
ly,
anddrownsinitoccasionall
y--pr
obablyoftenert
hanot herter
restr
ial
ver
tebrat
es.Wit
houtwater
,hediesasmi ser
ablyasanyot herbeastandwithtoomuchofi t,as
i
nfloods,hei
sequall
yunabletocope.Howev er,heexcel
sotheranimalsinthathehasl earned
t
out i
li
zewaterpower.

Buti
tisr
atherman'
slackofj
udgementi
ntheexer
ciseofcont
rol
ofnat
ural
resour
ceswhi
ch
woul ddisgustcr i
ticsofhi gheri
ntell
igence,althoughitwoul dnotsur pr i
setheapes.Man
obser v
est hatt hewoodoft reesisser vi
ceableandr ecklesslydenudest heeart
hoff orest
s,
i
nsof arashei sabl e,Hef indsthatthemeatandski nsoft hebisonar ev al
uableandi mmediatel
y
goest owor kt oext er
mi natethebison.Heal lowshisgr azingani malst ostri
ptheturffrom t
he
soilsothati tisbl ownawayandf erti
leplacesbecomedeser ts.Hecl earsforcul
tivati
onand
exhaust sther ichl andbyst upidplanting.Hegoesi ntowhol esal eproductionoffood,cereal
s,
frui
tsandl ivest ockandal l
owst hefruitsofhislabourtor otort ostarvebecausehehasnot
providedanyadequat emet hodofdi stri
buti
ngt hem orbecausenoonecanpayf orthem.He
i
nv entsmachi neswhi chdot hewor kofmanymen, andi sper plexedbyt hemanymenwhoar e
outofwor k.Itwoul dbehar dtoconv incejudgesofhumanconductt hatmani snotaneconomi c
fool.

2,
Wr i
teaproseversi
onofthefol
l
owingpoem i
nsi
mpleEngl
ishandthencommentont
he
di
ff
erencesi
nthelanguageofbotht
hepoem andi
tspr
oseversi
on.

Wi
thoutt
hatoncecl
earai
m,t
hepat
hoff
li
ght

Tof
oll
owf
oral
i
fe-
ti
met
houghwhi
teai
r;

Thi
scent
urychokesmeunderr
oot
sofni
ght
;

Isuf
ferl
i
kehi
stor
yinDar
kAges,
wher
e

Tr
uthl
i
esi
ndungeons,
from whi
chdr
if
tsonwhi
sper
;

Wehearoft
ower
slongbr
okenof
ffr
om si
ght

Andt
ort
uresandwar
,indar
kandsmokyr
umour
,

Butonman'
sbur
iedl
i
vest
her
efal
l
snol
i
ght
.

Wat
chmewhowal
kst
hroughcoi
l
ingst
reet
swher
erai
n

Andf
ogdownev
erycr
y;andcor
ner
sofday

Roaddr
il
lsexpl
orenewar
easofpai
n,

Norsummernorl
i
ghtmayr
eachdownher
etopl
ay

Theci
tybui
l
dsi
tshor
rori
nmybr
ain,

Thi
swr
it
ingi
smyonl
ywi
ngsaway
.

3.(a)Dist
ingui
shbetweent
hemeani
ngoft
hewor
dsi
nthef
oll
owi
ngpai
rs,
anduset
hem i
n
sentencestoil
lust
rat
e;

(
i)Gr
atef
ul,
Grat
if
ied

(
ii
)Imagi
nar
y,I
magi
nat
ive
(
ii
i)Negl
i
gent
,Negl
i
gibl
e

(
iv)Pl
acabl
e,Pl
aceabl
e

(
v)Rest
ive,
Rest
less

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsi
nyourownsent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Whenal
li
ssai
danddone

(
ii
)Anax
etogr
ind

(
ii
i)Tur
nanewl
eaf

(
iv)Bur
nthecandl
eatbot
hends

(
v)Leav
eint
hel
urer

(
vi)Goeswi
thsay
ing

(
vii
)Li
kear
edr
agt
oabul
l

(
ix)Notal
egt
ost
andon

(
x)Undert
het
humbof

(
xi)Thewr
it
ingont
hewal
l

4.Dev
elopt
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ioni
ntoapar
agr
aphofabout120wor
ds.

"
Theworstsi
ntowar
dsourfel
lowcr
eat
uresi
snott
ohat
ethem,
butt
obei
ndi
ff
erentt
othem;
t
hat
'st
heessenceofhumanit
y".

(
G.W.Shawi
nTheDev
il
'sDi
sci
ple,
ActI
I)

OR

Gi
veabr
iefbutcompl
etest
atementofy
ouri
deal
sanddr
eamsofl
i
fei
nsi
mpl
eEngl
i
sh.

5.Li
st,wi
thsomeampl
ifi
cat
ionthatst
epsthatt
heGov
ernmentofPaki
stanshoul
dtakei
nor
der
tochecki
nfl
ati
onandr
isi
ngpri
cesinthecountr
y.

OR

Composeashor
tspeechf
oraFor
um oni
nter
nat
ional
under
standi
ngandgoodwi
l
l.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

5.YEAR1975

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout200wor
ds.
 Whatv i
rtuesmustwer equir eofamant owhom weent rustdi rectingofouraf fai
rs?Abov eall,
asenseofwhati spossible.Inpol i
tics,iti
susel esstof ormul ategr eatandnobl epr ojectsif,due
totheexistingstateoft hecount r
y,theycannotbeaccompl ished.Thei mpul sesofaf r
eepeopl e
areatallti
mesapar al
lelogram off orcesThegr eatstatesmanr eali
zespr ecisel
ywhatt hese
for
cesar eandsay stohi msel fwi thoutev erbeingseriousl ymi staken: "
Icangoj ustsof arand
nofurther"
.Hedoesnotal lowhi msel ftof avouronecl ass,for eseeingt heinevit
abler eactionsof
theneglectedgr oups.Apr udentdoct ordoesnotcur ehi spat ientofapassi ngcompl aintwi tha
remedyt hatproducesaper manentdi seasesoft heli
v er;andaj udiciousstatesmannei ther
appeasest hewor kingclassatt heriskofanger i
ngthebour geoi sie,nordoeshei ndulget he
bourgeoisi
eatt heexpenseoft hewor kingclass.Heendeav our st oregar dthenat i
onasagr eat
l
ivi
ngbodywhoseor gansar ei nterdependent .Hetakest het emper atureofpublicopinionev ery
day,andifthef everincreasesheseest oitthatthecount ryrest s.

Thoughhemayf ull
yappr eciat
et hepowerofpubl i
copinion,aforcef
ulandcl everstat
esman
reali
zest hathecani nfluenceitfair
lyeasil
y .Hehascalcul
atedthepeople'spowert oremain
i
ndi ff
erenttohi seff
orts;theyhav etheirmomentofv i
olence,andtheirangryprotestsare
l
egi t
imat eiftheGovernmentbr i
ngspov er
tyonthem,takesawayt heirt
radit
ionalli
berty,
or
seriouslyinterf
ereswitht hei
rhomel i
fe.Buttheywil
lall
owt hemselvestobel edbyamanwho
knowswher eheisgoingandwhoshowst hem cl
ear
lythathehast henation'
sinterestathear
t
andt hattheymayhav econf idenceinhi m.

Thesenseofwhati spossibleisnotonl
yt heabi l
i
tytorecognizethatcer
tai
nt hi
ngsare
i
mpossi bl
e--anegati
vevirt
ue--butalsotoknowt hat,
toacour ageousman, t
hingswhichmay
appeartobeverydif
fi
cultareinfactpossi
ble.Agr eatstat
esmandoesnotsayt ohimself
:"Thi
s
nati
onisweak,"but"
Thisnationisasleep;
Ishal l
wakei tup.Lawsandi nsti
tut
ionsareofthe
people'
smaking;i
fnecessary,Ishal
lchanget hem" .

Butabov eall,
thedet erminationtodosomet hi
ngmustbef oll
owedbyact s,notmer el
ywor ds.
Medi ocr epolit
ici
ansspendmostoft heirt i
medev i
singschemesandpr eachi ngdoctri
nes.They
tal
kofst ructuralref
orms, theyinventf aultl
esssoci al systemsandf ormul ateplansforperpetual
peace.I nhi spublicspeechest het ruest atesmanknowshow, i
fnecessary ,
tomakepol i
tebows
tonewt heor i
esandt opronouncer i
tuali
st i
cphr asesf ort hebenef i
tofthosewhoguar dt emple
gates; butheact uallyoccupieshi mselfbyt akingcar eoft herealneedsoft henat i
on.He
endeav our stoaccompl ishdef init
eandpr eciseobj ectivesi nway sthatseem bestt ohim.Ifhe
fi
ndsobst aclesinhispat h,hemakesdet ours.Vanity,intellect
ualpride,andaf eeli
ngforsy st
em
areser ioushandi capstot hepol it
ici
ans.Somepar tyleader sarereadytosacr i
fi
cethecount r
y
forat heor yorasetofpr i
nciples.Thet ruel eadersay s: "Letthepr i
ncipl
esgobutImustsav ethe
nation".

2.Readt hef
oll
owingpoem insi
mpleproseandcommentonthedi
ff
erencei
ntheef
fect
iveuse
oflanguagebetweenthepoem andi
tsprosever
sionbyy
ou.

Si
ncebr
ass,
notst
one,
norear
th,
norboundl
esssea.

Butsadmor
ali
tyo'
er-
sway
sthei
rpower
,
Howwi
tht
hisr
angeshal
lbeaut
yhol
dapl
ea.

O,
howshal
lsummer
'shoneybr
eat
hhol
dout

Agai
nstt
hewr
eckf
ulsi
egeofbat
ter
ingday
s,

Whenr
ocksi
mpr
egnabl
ear
enotsost
out
,

Norgat
esofst
eel
sost
rong,
butTi
medecay
s?

O,
fear
ful
medi
tat
ion,
wher
e,al
ack

Shal
lti
me'
sbestj
ewel
from t
ime'
schestl
i
ehi
d?

Orwhatst
ronghandcanhol
dhi
sswi
ftf
ootback?

Orwhohi
sspoi
lofbeaut
ycanf
orbi
d?

O,
none,
unl
esst
hismi
racl
ehav
emi
ght
,

Thati
nbl
acki
nkmyLov
emayst
il
lshi
nebr
ight
,

3.(a)Dist
ingui
shbetweent
hemeaningofthewordsi
nt hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsanduset
hem i
n
sentencestoindi
cat
ewhatthesedi
ff
erentmeani
ngsare:

(
i)Ami
abl
e,Ami
cabl
e

(
ii
)Consi
der
abl
e,Consi
der
ate

(
ii
i)I
ngenuous,
Ingeni
ous

(
iv)Moment
ary
,Moment
ous

(
v)Vi
rt
uous,
Vir
tual

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsi
nyourownsent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Tosowone'
swi
l
doat
s

(
ii
)St
ormi
nat
eacup

(
ii
i)t
okeepl
ateHour
stot
hrowcol
dwat
eron

(
iv)Acock-
and-
bul
lst
ory

(
v)Tobeart
hebr
untof

(
vi)Ti
edt
oapr
on-
str
ingsof

(
vii
)Tomov
eheav
enandear
th
(
vii
i
)Tobl
owone'
sownt
rumpet

(
ix)Tor
estonone'
slaur
els

4.Dev
elopt
hef
oll
owi
ngquot
ati
oni
ntoapar
agr
aphofeachabout120wor
ds.

"
Atcr
it
ical
moment
sint
hei
rhi
stor
yiti
sIsl
am t
hatsav
edMusl
i
msandnotv
icev
ersa"
.

OR

Wri
teacompl
etechar
act
er-
sket
choft
hemanort
hewomanwhohasi
mpr
essedy
oui
nthe
mosti
nyourl
i
fe.

5.Pakistanhasyettoproduceascienti
stofinternat
ionalcali
bre.Pinpoi
ntthefact
orswhich,
in
youropinion,
areresponsi
bleforthi
spoorshowi ngofour sinthefieldofsci
enceandsuggest
concretemeasureswhichtheGov ernmentandourUni versit
iesshouldtaketohelpPaki
stan
sci
entistsmakesolidcontr
ibuti
onsinthei
rrespectiv
ef i
elds,

OR

Di
scussindepthanddet
ail
whatcondit
ionsar
econduci
vetothegr
owthofregi
onali
sm and
pr
ovi
ncial
ism -
-thet
wogreatmenacestonati
onal
soli
dar
it
y--andhowtheycanbestbe
el
i
minated.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

6.YEAR1976

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngext
ract
.

Thepr esent
-dayindust
rialest
abli
shmentisagreatdist
anceremov edf r
om thatofthelast
centur
yorev enoftwenty-f
iveyearsago.Thi
simprovementhasbeent heresultofavari
etyof
for
ces---governmentstandardsandfactor
yinspect
ion:general
technologicalandagri
cult
ural
advancebysubst i
tuti
ngmachi nepowerforheavyorrepet
iti
vemanual, l
abour,theneedto
competef oralabourfor
ce: anduni
oninter
venti
ontoimprovewor ki
ngcondi ti
onsinaddit
ionto
wagesandHour s.

Howev er,exceptwheret heimpr ov

ementcont ri
butedtoincreasedpr oductiv
ity
,theeffor
tto
makemor epl easanthastodosuppor tal argebur denofproof .I
twasper missibl
etoseekthe
eli
mi nati
onofhazar dous,unsanitary,
unheal thful,orother
wiseobj ecti
onablecondi t
ionsofwork.
Thespeedupmi ghtberesistedtoapoi nt.Butt het estwasnotwhatwasagr eeablebutwhat
wasunheal t
hfuloratminimum, excessiv
el yfatiguing.Thetrendtowar dincreasedleisur
eisnot
reprehensibl
e, butweresistv i
gorousl
ythatnot i
ont hatamanshoul dwor klesshar donthejob.
Hereol deratti
tudesareinvolved.Wear egr av el
ysuspi ci
ousofanyt endencytoexpandl ess
thant hemaxi mum effor
t,forthishaslongbeenapr imeeconomi cv ir
tue.

Instr
ictl
ogi
cther
eisasmuchtobesaidformaki
ngworkpl
easantandagr
eeabl
easf
or
short
eni
ngHours.Onthewhol
eiti
sprobabl
yasimport
antf
orawage-ear
nert
ohavepl
easant
worki
ngcondit
ionsasapleasanthome.Toadegree,
hecanescapethel
atterbutnott
heformer
-
--t
houghnotdoubtthel
inebetweenanagreeabl
etempoandwhatisfl
agrantfeat
her-
beddi
ng
i
sdiff
icul
ttodr
aw.

Moreover,
itisacommonpl aceoft heindustri
alscenet hatthedr eariestandmost
burdensomet asks,requir
east heydoami nimum oft houghandski llfr
equent lyhavethelargest
numberoft akers.Thesoluti
ont othisproblem li
es,asweshal lseepr esently,indri
vingupthe
supplyofcrudemanpoweratt hebot tom oftheladder.Nonet helesst hebasi cpaintremains,the
caseformor eleisureisnotstr
ongeronpur elypri
maf aciegroundst hant hecasef ormaking
l
abour -
ti
mei t
selfmor eagreeable.Thetest,itisworthrepeating,isnott heef fectonproductivi
ty
--I
tisnotseriouslyarguedthattheshorterwor kweeki ncreasespr oduct i
v i
ty---t
hatmen
producemor einf ewerHoursthant heywoul dinmor e.Ratheritiswhet herfewerHour sare
alwaystobepr eferredtomorebutpl easantones.

2.(
a)Wr
it
eacommentont
hemaj
ori
deaoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpoem i
nabout50wor
ds.

(
b)Al
sowr
it
eashor
tnot
eont
hel
anguaget
hepoethasusedi
nthepoem.

ENTI
RELY

I
fwecoul
dgett
hehandofi
tent
ir
ely

I
twoul
dtaket
ool
ong;

Al
lweknowi
sthespl
ashofwor
dsi
npassi
ng

Andf
all
i
ngt
wigsofsongs,

Andwhenwet
ryt
oeav
esdr
opont
hegr
eat

Pr
esencest
iisr
arel
y

Thatbyast
rokeofl
uckwear
eappr
opr
iat
e

Ev
enaphr
aseent
ir
ely

I
fwecoul
dfi
ndourhappi
nessent
ir
ely

I
nsomebodyel
se'
sar
ms

Weshoul
dnotf
eart
hespear
soft
hespr
ingnort
heci
ty'
s

Yammer
ingf
ir
eal
arms

But
,asi
tis,
thespear
seachy
eargot
hrough

Ourf
leshandal
mosthour
ly

Bel
lorsi
renbani
shest
hebl
ue
Ey
esofl
oveent
ir
ely

Andi
fthewor
ldwer
ebl
ackorwhi
teent
ir
ely

Andal
lthechar
tswer
epl
ain

I
nst
eadofamadwei
roft
iger
ishwat
ers,

Apr
ism ofdel
i
ghtandpai
n,

Wemi
ghtbesur
erwhenwewi
shedt
ogo

Oragai
nwemi
ghtbemer
ely

Bor
edbuti
nbr
uter
eal
i
tyt
her
eisno

Roadt
hati
sri
ghtent
ir
ely
.

3.(
a)UseFIVEofthef
oll
owingpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ff
erencei
nthei
rmeaning.

(
i)Par
,Atapar

(
ii
)Compl
i
ment
,Compl
ement

(
ii
i)Compl
acent
,Compl
aisant

(
iv)St
ate,
Gov
ernment

(
v)Emi
nent
,Pr
omi
nent

(
vi)Bel
ow,
Beneat
h

(
vii
)Por
tl
y,Comel
y

(
vii
i
)Setup,
Setupon

(
ix)Shal
l
,Wi
l
l

(
x)Si
nk,
Drown

(
b)Uset
hefol
l
owi
ngwor
ds,
expr
essi
onsandi
diomsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingout
t
hei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Tr
udgeal
ong

(
ii
)Poi
nt-
blank

(
ii
i)I
nthedol
drums

(
iv)Dol
eout
(
v)Atcr
osspur
poses

(
vi)Cheekbyj
owl

(
vii
)Succi
nct
ly

(
vii
i
)Hi
l
ari
ous

(
ix)Det
ractf
rom

(
x)Pl
ain-
sai
l
ing

4.Bri
ngouti
nabout200wor
dsi
ntheachi
evement
sofagr
eatsci
ent
istorwr
it
eroft
he
twent
iet
hcent
ury
.

OR

Wri
teal
ett
ertotheedi
torofanewspapercomment
ingont
heachi
evement
sofapol
i
tical
her
o
oft
hemodernti
mes.

5.Br
ief
lydi
scusst
her
olet
hatPaki
stani
spl
ayi
ngv
is-
a-v
ist
heThi
rdWor
ldt
oday
.

OR

Wri
teabout200-300wor
dsont hev
alueofspor
tsandgamesi
naneducat
ional
syst
em,
wit
h
par
ti
cul
arrefer
encetoPaki
stan.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

7.YEAR1977

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassage.

Thosewhor egardt hedecayofci vil

i
zat i
onassomet hi
ngqui tenormal andnat uralconsole
themsel veswi t
ht hethoughtt hatiti
snotci vi
li
zation,butaci vi
li
zation,whichisf al
li
ngapr eyto
dissoluti
on, t
hattherewi l
lbeanewageandanewr aceinwhi chtherewi l
lblossom anew
civili
zat
ion.Butthatisami stake.Theear thnol ongerhasi nreverse,asithadonce, gif
ted
peopl easy etunused, whocanr el
ieveusandt akeourpl aceinsomedi stantfutureast heleader
ofourspi ri
tualli
fe.Weal readyknowal l t
hoset hattheear thhast odisposeof .Ther eisnotone
amongt hem whi chisnotal r
eadyt aki
ngsuchapar tinourci vi
li
zationthatit
sspi ri
tualfateis
det ermi
nedbyourown.Al loft hem,thegi f
tedandt heun- gift
ed,thedistantandt henear ,have
felttheinfl
uenceoft hosef orcesofbar barism whichar eyetwor kingamongus.Al lofthem are,
l
ikeour selves,di
seased, andonl yaswer ecovercant heyr ecover.

I
tisnotthecivil
i
zationofar ace,butthatofmankind,presentandfutureali
ke,
thatwemust
giveupasl ost,
ifbeli
efintherebirt
hofourci vi
l
izat
ionisav ai
nt hi
ng.Butitneednottobeso
givenup.Iftheethi
calistheessent i
alelementincivi
l
izati
on,decadencechangesinto
renai
ssanceassoonaset hicalacti
viti
esaresettowor kagaininourconv i
cti
onsandinthe
i
deaswhi chweunder t
aket ostampuponr eal
it
y.Theattempttobr i
ngthisaboutiswell
worth
maki
ng,anditshouldbeworl
d-wide.I
tist
ruet
hatt
hediff
icul
ti
esthathav
etobereckonedwith
i
nthi
sundertaki
ngar esogr
eatthatonlyt
hestr
ongestf
aithi
nthepoweroftheet
hicalspi
ri
twil
l
l
etusventur
eoni t
.

Agai
nther
enewal
ofci
vi
li
zat
ioni
shinder
edbythefactt
hati
tissoexcl
usi
vel
ythei
ndi
vi
dual
per
sonal
it
ywhi
chmustbel
ookedtoastheagenti
nthenewmov ement
.

Ther enewal ofci

vi
li
zationhasnot hingtodowi thmov ementswhi chbearthecharactersof
theexper iencesoft hecrowd, t
heseareneverany thi
ngbutreacti
onst oexternal
happenings.
Butci v
il
izat i
oncanonl yrev i
vewhent hereshallcomei nt
obei ngi
nanumberofi ndi
vidualsa
newt oneofmi ndindependentoft heonepr ev
alentamongt hecrowdandi nopposit
iont oit
,a
toneofmi ndwhi chwil
lgradual l
ywininfl
uenceov erthecoll
ecti
veone, andintheenddet ermine
i
tschar act er.I
tisonlyanet hicalmovementwhi chcanr escueusf r
om t hesl
oughofbar bari
sm,
andt heet hicalcomesi nt
oexi stenceoni ni
ndivi
duals.

Thef i
naldecisi
onast owhatt hef utur
eofasoci etyshal lbedependsnotonhowneari t
s
organizati
onist oper f
ection, butont hedegreesofwor t
hinessi nit
sindi
vidualmember s.The
mosti mpor t
ant,andy etthel easteasi l
ydeterminable,el
ementi nhist
oryi
st heseriesof
unobtrusivegeneral changeswhi cht akeplacei
nt heindividualdisposi
ti
ons,andt hatiswhyi tis
sodi f
ficul
ttounder standt hor oughlythemenandev entsofpastt i
mes.Thechar acterand
wor t
hofi ndi
vidualsamongt hemassandt hewayt heywor kthemselvesi
ntomember shi pofthe
wholebody ,
receiv
ingi nfl
uencesf rom itandgiv
ingot hersback, wecanev entodayonl ypar t
ial
ly
anduncer tai
nlyunder stand.

Onet hi ng, howev er,i

sclear.Wer ethecol l
ect
ivebodywor ksmor est r
ongl yont heindivi
dual
thant hel at t
erdoesuponi t
,theresultisdeteri
orati
onbecauset henobl eelement sonwhi ch
everythingdepends, namelythespiritualandmor alworthinessoft heindividualisthereby
necessar ilyconst r
ictedandhamper ed.Decayoft hespiritualandmor al l
i
f ethenset sinwhich
render ssoci et yincapableofunder standingandsolvingt hepr obl
emswhi chi thastof ace.
Theref ore, soonerorl at
er,i
tisthedut yofindivi
dualstoahi gherconcept ionoft heircapabil
it
ies
andunder taket hef uncti
onwhi chonlyt heindi
vi
dual canper form,thatofpr oducingnew
spiri
tual-et hicalideas.Ifthi
sdoesnotcomeaboutmanyt i
mesov ernot hi
ngcansav eus.

2.
(a)Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpoem car
eful
l
yandpar
aphr
asei
tinmoder
nEngl
i
shpr
ose.

(
b)Wr
it
eabr
iefcr
it
ici
sm oft
hepoem.

Mor
tal
i
ty,
behol
dandf
ear
,

Whatachangeoff
leshi
sher
e!

Thi
nkhowmanyr
oyal
bones

Sl
eepwi
thi
ntheseheapsofst
ones,

Her
etheyl
i
e,hadr
eal
msandl
ands,
Whonowwantst
rengt
htost
irt
hei
rhands.

Wher
efr
om t
hei
rpul
pit
sscal
'
dwi
thdust

Theypr
each,
'I
ngr
eat
nessi
snott
rust
'
.

Her
e'sanacr
esowni
ndeed

Wi
tht
her
ichestr
oyal
i
stseed

Thatt
heear
thdi
de'
ersucki
n.

Si
ncet
hef
ir
st-
mandi
edf
orsi
n,

Her
ethebonesofbi
rt
hhav
ecr
ied

'
Thoughgodst
heywer
e,asment
heydi
ed!
'

Her
ear
esands;
ignobl
ethi
ngs,

Dr
optf
rom t
her
uin'
dsi
desofKi
ngs:

Her
e'st
hewor
ldofpompandst
ate

Bur
iedi
ndust
,oncedeadbyf
ate.

3.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nsent
encest
obr
ingoutcl
ear
lyt
hei
r
di
ff
erencei
nmeani
ng.

(
i)Al
tar
,Al
ter

(
ii
)Apposi
te,
Opposi
te

(
ii
i)Bear
,Bar
e

(
iv)Compl
acent
,Compl
aisant

(
v)Conf
ident
,Conf
idant

(
vi)Di
sease,
Decease

(
vii
)Gat
e,Gai
t

(
vii
i
)Judi
cial
,Judi
cious

(
ix)I
ngeni
ous,
Ingenuous

(
x)Yoke,
Yol
k

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
onsi
nyourownsent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng,
(
i)Tobeart
hebr
untof

(
ii
)Tocal
laspadeaspade

(
ii
i)Tof
ightshyof

(
iv)Tocr
yov
ert
hespi
l
tmi
l
k

(
v)Tobur
nthecandl
eatbot
hends

(
vi)Tor
obpet
ert
opaypaul

(
vii
)Tot
aket
hebul
lbyt
hehor
ns

(
vii
i
)Pl
ayi
ngt
othegal
l
ery

(
ix)Hol
dingoutt
heol
i
vebr
anch

(
x)Tomakeout

4.Wri
tealett
ert
oyourlocal
newspaper
,expl
aini
ngofsomel
ocal
nui
sanceandmaki
ngsome
posi
ti
verecommendat
ions.

OR

Wr
it
eadescr
ipt
ionofabout200wor
dsofar
ural
orur
banscenewi
thwhi
chy
ouar
efami
l
iar
.

5.Br
ief
lydi
scuss"
TheRol
eoft
heUni
ver
sit
yinEconomi
cDev
elopment
".

OR

Di
scussi
nabout250wor
dsONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
cs:

(
a)HowFr
eei
sPr
ess?

(
b)TheLur
eofFashi
on

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

8.YEAR1978

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

"Iwasaf i
rm beli
everisdemocr acy ,
wher eashe(D.H.Lawr ence)haddev elopedt hewhole
phil
osophyofFascism beforethepol it
icianshadt houghtofit.'
Idon' tbel
iev e",hewr ot
e,"i
n
democrati
ccont r
ol.Ithi
nkthewor kingmani sfi
ttoelectgovernor sorov erseersforhis
i
mmedi atecir
cumst ances,butfornomor e.Youmustut terl
yrevisetheel ectorate.Thewor ki
ng
manshallelectsuperior
sforthethi ngsthatconcer nhimi mmedi ately,nomor e.From theother
cl
asses,astheyrise,shal
lbeelectedt hehi ghergovernors.Thet hingmustcul minateinoner eal
head,aseveryorganicthi
ngmust- -nof oolishrepubl
icswithnof ool
ishpr esidents,butan
el
ect edki ng,somet hingli
keJul iusCaesar .
"He, ofcourse,inhisimaginati
on, supposedt hat
whenadi ctator
shipwasest abli
shedhewoul dbetheJul i
usCaesar .Thiswast hepar tofthe
dream- li
kequal ityofallhisthinking.Henev erlethimselfbumpi ntoreali
ty.Hewoul dgoi nto
l
ongt i
radesabouthowonemustpr ocl
aim" t
hetruth"tothemul t
it
ude, andheseemedt ohave
nodoubtt hatmul t
it
udewoul dlisten.Wouldheputhi spoli
ti
calphil
osophyi ntoabook?Noi n
ourcor ruptsoci etythewr i
tt
enwor disalwaysal i
e.Woul dhegoi nHy dePar kandpr oclai
m" t
he
tr
uth"f rom asoapbox?No: thatwoul dbef artoodanger ous(oddst r
eaksofpr udenceemer ged
i
nhi mf r om timet otime).Wel l
,Isai d,whatwouldy oudo?Att hispointhewoul dchanget he
subject.

Graduall
yIdi scover
edthathehadnor ealwishtomaket heworldbet t
er,butonlyt
oindul
ge
i
neloquentSol i
loquyabouthowbadi twas.I fanybodyheardthesolil
oquiessomucht hebetter
,
buttheywer edesignedatmosttopr oduceal i
ttl
efait
hful
bandofdi scipl
ineswhocoul dsi
tin
thedesert
sofNewMexi coandfeelholy.All
thiswasconv eyedtomei nt helanguageofa
Fascistdi
ctatoraswhatImustpr each,the"must "havi
ngthi
rteenunder -
li
nings

(
Lor
dRussel
l
)

2."
Iwi
l
lar
iseandgonow,
andgot
oInni
sfr
ee,

Andasmal
lcabi
nbui
l
tther
e,ofcl
ayandwat
tl
esmade;

Ni
nebeam r
owswi
l
lIhav
ether
e,ahi
veoft
hehoneybee,

Andl
i
veal
onei
nbeel
oudgl
ade.

AndIshal
lhav
esomepeacet
her
e,f
orpeacecomesdr
oppi
ngsl
ow.

Dr
oppi
ngf
rom t
hev
eil
soft
hemor
ningt
owher
ethecr
icket
ssi
ng;

Ther
emi
dni
ght
'sal
lagl
i
mmer
,andnoonapur
plegl
ow,

Andev
eni
ngf
ull
oft
hel
i
nnet
'swi
ngs.

Iwi
l
lar
iseandgonow,
foral
way
sni
ghtandday

Ihearl
akewat
erl
appi
ngwi
thl
owsoundsbyt
heshor
e;

Whi
l
eIst
andont
her
oadway
,oront
hepav
ement
sgr
ay.

Iheari
tint
hedeephear
t'
scor
e."

(
i)Usingabout50words,
bri
ngoutt
her
easonwhyt
hepoetwant
stogoI
nni
sfr
eeandwhathe
i
ntendstodothere.

(
ii
)Cr
it
ical
l
ycommentont
hemai
nideaandl
anguageoft
hepoem.

3.(
a)UseFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ng:
(
i)Af
fect
ion,
Aff
ect
ati
on

(
ii
)Ur
ban,
Urbane

(
ii
i)Of
fi
cial
,Of
fi
cious

(
iv)Besi
de,
Besi
des

(
v)Casual
,Causal

(
vi)Pour
,Por
e

(
vii
)Humi
l
iat
ion,
Humi
l
ity

(
vii
i
)Wr
eck,
Wreak

(
ix)Bar
e,Bear

(
x)Tempor
al,
Tempor
ary

(
b)Usethef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
onsandi
diomsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ng:

(
i)Theaci
dtest

(
ii
)Abadhat

(
ii
i)I
nabl
uef
unk

(
iv)Setone'
scap

(
v)Downatheel

(
vi)Todi
einhar
ness

(
vii
)Deadasdoor
nai
l

(
vii
i
)Tor
aisecoi
n

(
ix)Tost
ri
keone'
scol
our
s

(
x)Tocar
ryt
heday

4.Wr
it
eashor
tst
oryofabout200wor
dsi
l
lust
rat
ingt
hemor
al,

"
Afool
mayl
ear
nawi
semanwi
t.
"

OR

Wr
it
eal
ett
ert
oaf
orei
gnf
ri
endgi
vi
nghi
m af
ewr
easonswhyMusl
i
msdemandedPaki
stan.
5.Discusst
hestat
ementt
hatthevacuum ofval
ueswhichweareexper
ienci
ngt
odayhascome
aboutbecauset
hosewhoshouldhavesurr
enderedwi
thoutast
ruggl
e.

OR

Wr
it
eanot
eont
hedet
eri
orat
ingst
andar
dsofeducat
ioni
nourcount
ry.Suggestsomer
emedi
es.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

9.YEAR1979

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandassi
gnasui
tabl
eheadi
ngt
oit
.

Probablytheonlyprotecti
onforcontemporar
ymani st
odi scov erhowtousehisint
ell
i
gence
i
ntheser v
iceofloveandki ndness.Thetr
aini
ngofhumani nt
elli
gencemusti ncl
udethe
si
mul t
aneousdev el
opmentoft heemphat i
ccapaci
ty.Onl
yinthiswaycani ntel
li
gencebemade
aninstr
umentofsoci almorali
tyandresponsi
bil
i
ty-
-andtherebyi ncreaset
hechancesof
sur
v i
val
.

Theneedt opr oducehumanbei ngswi thtrainedmor all

ysensi t
iveint ell
igenceisessent i
all
ya
challenget oeducat orsandeducat i
onal insti
tutions.Tr aditi
onally,ther ealm ofsoci al morali
ty
wasl ef ttoreli
gi onandt hechur chesasguar diansorcust odians.Butt hei rfai
lur
et of ulfi
l
l t
his
responsi bil
ityandt heiryieldingt otheseduct i
vel uresoft hemenofweal thandpompandpower
anddocument edbyt hehi storyoft hel astt wot housandy earsandhav enowr esult
edi nthe
i
rrelevant" Godi sDead"theol ogicalrhetor ic.Themor epr agmat i
cmenofpowerhav ehadno
ti
meori ncl
inationt odeal withthef undament al problemsofsoci almor al
ity.Forthem si mplist
ic
Machi av ell
iani
sm mustr emai nthegui di ngpr i
nci pleoft heirdecisions- -poweri smor al
it
y,
mor ali
t yispower .Thisov ersimpl i
ficationi ncreasest hechancesofnucl eardev astation.We
mustt herefore, hopethateducat orsandeducat ional i
nst i
tut
ionshav et hecapaci ty
, the
commi tmentandt hetimet oinstil
lmor al sensiti
v i
tyasani ntegralpar toft hecompl expat t
ernof
functional humani ntel
li
gence.Somewaymustbef oundi nthet r
ainingofhumanbei ngstogi v
e
them t heassur ancetolov e,thesecur i
tyt obeki nd, andt heintegrityrequi redforaf unct i
onal
empat hy.

2.Par
aphr
aset
hef
oll
owi
ngpoem andcr
it
ical
l
yexami
nei
tst
heme.

Thequal
i
tyofmer
cyi
snotst
rai
ned:

I
tdr
oppet
hast
hegent
ler
ainf
rom t
heHeav
en

Upont
hepl
acebeneat
h;i
tist
wicebl
est
;

I
tbl
esset
hhi
mthatgi
vesandhi
mthatt
akes;

'
Tismi
ght
iesti
nthemi
ght
iest
;itbecomes
Thet
hronedmonar
chbet
tert
hanhi
scr
own;

Hi
sscept
reshowst
hef
orceoft
empor
alpower
,

Theat
tri
but
etoaweandmaj
est
y,

Wher
eindot
hsi
tthedr
eadandf
earofKi
ngs;

Butmer
cyi
sabov
ethescept
redsway
;

I
tisent
hronedi
nthehear
tsofki
ngs,

I
tisanat
tri
but
etoGodHi
msel
f;

Andear
thl
ypowerdot
hthenshowl
i
kestGod'
s

Whenmer
cyseasonsj
ust
ice.

3.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ngs.

(
i)Cessi
on,
Sessi
on

(
ii
)Canon,
Cannon

(
ii
i)Bar
bar
ism,
Bar
bar
it
y

(
iv)Ar
ti
st,
Art
isan

(
v)Ant
ic,
Ant
ique

(
vi)I
ll
usi
on,
All
usi
on

(
vii
)Aspi
re,
Expi
re

(
vii
i
)Col
l
isi
on,
Col
l
usi
on

(
ix)Counsel
,Counci
l

(
x)Expedi
ent
,Expedi
ti
ous

(b)UseanyFI
VEofthef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
onsandi
diomsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ing
outthei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Takedownatpeg

(
ii
)Tomonkeywi
th

(
ii
i)I
nhotwat
er

(
iv)Pet
ti
coatGov
ernment
(
v)Topul
lonesel
ftoget
her

(
vi)Tor
isef
rom t
her
anks

(
vii
)Tor
ubshoul
der
s

4.Wouldyourratherhavet
hekindofsoci
etywherest
udent
swer esoindif
fer
entthatt
hey
l
ackedint
erestinpoli
ti
csorthesoci
etyi
nwhichtheyshowindependencetodif
ferwit
hthe
admini
str
ati
on?

OR

Li
fei
sat
ragedyt
othosewhof
eel
andcomedyt
othosewhot
hink.Comment
.

5.I
nreviv
ingstalephil
osophiesoftheEastandr
omant
ici
zi
ngit
'
spast
,theWesti
shel
pingt
o
per
petuateEasternbackwardness.Commentonthi
sst
atement
.

OR

"
Iam hi
sMaj
est
y'
sdogatKew;

Pr
ayt
ell
me;
whosedogar
eyou?
"

(
AlexanderPope)

Commentont
hepsy
chol
ogi
cal
impl
i
cat
ionsoft
hisquer
y.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

10.YEAR1980

1.Summarizethefol
lowingpassage,
traci
ngt
hemai
nar
gument
sandr
educi
ngi
taboutone-
thi
rdofi
tspresentl
ength.

Theat tenti
onwegi vet oterrorism oftenseemsdi spr oporti
onatet oit
sr eal impor tance.
Terrori
sm i nci
dent smakesuper bcopyf orjour nal
ists, butkillandmai mf ewerpeopl ethanroad
accidents.Nori sterrori
sm pol iti
cal l
yeffective.Empi resr i
seandf all
accor dingt ot her eal
determinant sofpol i
ti
cs- -namel yov er
whel mi ngfor ceorst rongpopul arsuppor t--not
accordingt oabi tofmay hem causedbyi solatedf anat icswhom onewoul dt akeser i
ously
enought ov ot
ef orit
.Indeed, thev eryvar i
etyofi ncident sthatmi ghtbedescr ibedas" terr
ori
sm"
hasbeensuchast oleadcr i
ti
cst osuggestt hatnosi ngl esubj ectforinvesti
gat ionexi stsatall
.
Mightwenotr egardterrorism asaki ndofmi norbl ot chont heski nofani ndust ri
al civi
li
zati
on
whosev eryhear ti
sf i
ll
edwi t
hv iolentdreamsandaspi rati
ons.Whowoul dcal l i
nthe
dermatol ogistwhent hehear tit
sel fi
ssick.

Butpopul
aropi
niont
akest
err
ori
sm ver
yser
iousl
yindeedandpopularopini
oni
sprobabl
y
r
ight
.Forthesi
gni
fi
canceoft
err
ori
sm l
i
esnotonlyi
nthegrotesquenasti
nessoft
err
ori
sti
c
outr
agesbutalsointhemoralcl
aimstheyimply.Terror
ism i
sthemostdramatic
exempli
fi
cat
ionoft hemoral
faultofbl
indwil
lf
ulness.Terr
ori
sm isasoli
psi
sti
cdenial
oft
he
obli
gat
ionofself
-contr
olweallmustrecogni
zewhenwel i
veincivi
l
izedcommuniti
es.

Certai
nlythesov er
eignhighroadtomi sunderstandingt err
orism isthepseudo- scientif
ic
projectofattempt i
ngdodiscoveritscauses.Terrori
stst hemsel vestalkoft hefrust
rat i
ons
whichhav esupposedl ynecessi
tatedthei
ractionsbutt ot ransformt hesefacilejust
ificati
ons
i
ntosci enti
fi
chy pothesesi
st osuccumbt othet err
oristsownf antasies.Tokillandmai npeopl
e
i
sachoi cepeopl emake,andglibinvocat
ionsofnecessi tyar ebaseless.Ot herpeoplel ivi
ngin
thesamesi t
uationseenosuchnecessi tyatall.Hencet her eareno" causes"oft err
orism; onl
y
decisiontoterrori
ze.Iti
samor alphenomenonandonl yamor al di
scussioncanbeadequat eto
i
t.

2."
HadheandIbutmet

Bysomeol
danci
enti
nn,

Weshoul
dhav
esatusdownt
owet

Ri
ghtmanyanapper
kin!

"
Butr
angedasi
nfant
ry,

Andst
ari
ngf
acet
oface,

Ishothi
m asheatme

Andki
l
ledhi
m ashi
spl
ace.

"
Ishothi
m deadbecause-
-

Becausehewasmyf
oe,

Justso:
myf
oeofcour
sehewas;

That
'scl
earenough;
alt
hough.

"
Het
houghthe'
dli
st,
per
haps

Of
f-
handl
i
kej
ustasI-
-

Wasoutofwor
khadsol
dhi
str
aps

Noot
herr
easonwhy
"
Yes,
quai
ntandcur
iouswasi
s!

Youshootaf
ell
owdown

You'
dtr
eati
fmetwher
eanybari
s,

Orhel
ptohal
f-
a-cr
own.

(
i)Whatthoughtt
roubl
esthespeaker
?Whati
shi
sref
lect
edopi
nionabouthi
sdeedi
nwar
ti
me?
Whydidhefeeldi
ffer
entl
ydur
ingthewar
?

(
ii
)Doyout
hinkt
hatt
hepoem expr
essesani
deacommont
osol
dier
sinal
lwar
s?Whati
sthat
i
dea?

3.(
a)Wr
it
ebr
iefdef
ini
ti
onsoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
enwor
ds.

(
i)Muni
fi
cent

(
ii
)Rapaci
ous

(
ii
i)Jeopar
dize

(
iv)Fat
uous

(
v)Edi
fy

(
vi)Esot
eri
c

(
vii
)Impasse

(
vii
i
)Incongr
uous

(
ix)Doci
l
e

(
x)Reper
cussi
ons

(
b)Br
ingoutt
hemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nappr
opr
iat
esent
ences.

(
i)Pockett
heaf
front

(
ii
)Thi
nendoft
hewedge

(
ii
i)Fl
ashi
nthepan

(
iv)Tokeepatar
espect
ful
dist
ance

(
v)Atone'
sbeckandcal
l

(
vi)Goagai
nstt
hegr
ain

(
vii
)Br
inggr
istt
othemi
l
l
(
vii
i
)Upsett
heappl
ecar
t

(
ix)Hoi
stonone'
sownpet
ard

(
x)Li
veont
hef
atoft
hel
and

4.(a)Bel
owareFI
VEsentenceseachcont
aini
ngacommongr
ammat
ical
err
or.Maket
he
necessar
ycor
rect
ions.

(
i)Ther
ewasav
erydi
ff
erentat
mospher
eint
het
ownt
hismor
ningt
hant
her
ewasy
est
erday
.

(
ii
)Ev
eryonemustdeci
def
ort
hemsel
veswhatt
odoabouti
t.

(
ii
i)Ishoul
d'
tbesur
pri
sedi
fhedoesn'
ttur
nupt
omor
row.

(
iv)Nei
therFar
ooqorAkbarar
egoi
ngt
otheweddi
ngl
unchonSat
urday
.

(
v)Icompar
edhi
sessayt
oMusht
aq'
sandf
oundt
hem t
obeal
mosti
dent
ical
.

(
b)Cor
rectt
hespel
l
ingoft
hef
oll
owi
ngTENwor
ds.

(
i)Occur
rance

(
ii
)Ecst
acy

(
ii
i)Dr
unkeness

(
iv)I
rr
isi
sti
ble

(
v)Super
cede

(
vi)Embar
rasi
ng

(
vii
)Di
soppoi
nt

(
vii
i
)accasi
onal

(
ix)I
ndespensi
ble

(
x)Per
sev
arance

5.Wr
it
eabr
iefessayonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
a)"
Agr
eatpar
toft
hemi
schi
efoft
hewor
ldar
isef
rom wor
ds"

(
b)Democr
acyandHumanDi
gni
ty

(
c)TheThi
rdWor
ld

(
d)Fr
eedom ofSpeech
(
e)"
Themosti
mpor
tantt
hingi
snott
ofi
nd,
butt
oaddt
oour
sel
veswhatwef
ind.
"

OR

Wr
it
eashor
tspeechf
orasy
mposi
um ont
heDi
l
emmaofYour
th.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

11.YEAR1981

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Ani mpor tantpar tofmanagementi sthemaki ngofr ules.Asameansofr egul atingt he

functioni ngofanor gani zat i
onsot hatmostr outinemat tersar er esol vedwi thoutr ef er
ringeach
i
ssuet ot hemanagert heyar eanessent i
al cont ribut i
ont oef ficiency .Themer epr esenceof
carefullyconsi der edr ul eshast hedoubl e- edgedadv antageofenabl ingwor kerst oknowhowf ar
theycango, whati sexpect edoft hem andwhatchannel sofact iont oadoptont heonesi de,
andont heot her,ofpr ev entingt hemanagementf rom behav ingi nacapr i
ciousmanner .The
bodyofr ulesf i
xedbyt hecompanyf ori tsel fact sasi t
sconst itution, whichi sbi ndi ngbot hon
empl oy eesandempl oy er s,howev er ,itmustber emember edt hatr ulesar emadef orpeopl e,not
peoplef orr ules.Ifcondi ti
onsandneedschanger ulesoughtt ochangewi t
ht hem.Not hingi s
saddert hant hemi ndlessappl i
cat i
onofr uleswhi char eout dat edandi rrelevant .Anor gani zation
suffersf rom medi ocr it
yi fitist oor ule-bound.Peopl ewor kingi nwi lldothemi nimum possi ble.
Iti
scal led" wor kingt or ul e"orjustdoi ngenought oensur et hatr ulesar enotbr oken.Butt his
reall
yr epr esent st hel owestl ev eloft heempl oyer/ empl oyeer elat i
onshi pandanor ganizat i
on
affl
ictedbyt hisisi nanunhappycondi ti
oni ndeed.Anot heri mpor tantpoi ntinr ule- maki ngi sto
ensuret hatt heyar er uleswhi chcanbef ol l
owed.Somer ul esar esoabsur dt hatal though
everyonepay slip-ser vi
cet ot hem, nooner eal l
ybot herstof ollowt hem.Of tent hemanagement
knowst hi sbutcandot hi ngabouti t.Thedangeroft hisis, ifal ev el ofdisrespectf oroner uleis
createdt hismi ghtl eadt oanat ti
tudeofdi sr espectf orall r
ul es.Oneshoul dtakei tf orgr anted
thatnobodyl ikesr ules, nobodywant st ober estri
ct edbyt hem.Rul eswhi chcannotbef ollowed
arenotonl ypoi ntless, theyar eact uallydamagi ngt hest r
uct ur eoft heor ganizat ion.

2.Cr
it
ical
l
yexami
net
hef
oll
owi
ngpassage.

Somesoci eti
eshav eexperi
ment edwithelimi nat
ingt hemi ddleman.Pricescancertai
nlybe
contr
oll
edbetterifthegov ernmentact sasthemi ddleman, because, af
terall
,goodshavet obe
l
ift
edandt r
anspor t
edt otheotherpar t
soft hecount ry.Butgov er nmentsarenotusuall
yv er
y
eff
ici
entorquickint hesemat t
ers.Norar etheyeconomi cal-
-al otoffi
le-
and-paper
wor k
i
nvolvi
ngalotofpeopl eaddsupt oal otofindirectex pense.Althoughint heor
yitoughttobe
possi
bletoreducepr icesbyeliminati
ngt hemi ddleman, i
npracticeisseemst obeanessent ial
evi
l.

Businesscanbel eftt
ofi
ndi tsownlevel
inaccordancewit
htheso-call
ed'l
aws'ofsuppl
yand
demand.Byandl arge,Paki
staniswhatiscall
eda'sell
ers'
marketbecauseessent
ialgoodsar
e
usual
l
yi nshortsupplyorar
ei ncl
inedt
ofallbel
owtheneedsofanov ergrowi
ngpopulati
on.
Mar ketmani pulationi nsuchasi t
uationiseasyandunf ortunat elyfai
rlycommon.Goodsusual l
y
disappearataboutt het i
met heyar eneededmost , l
eadingt opr i
cespi ral
sandmal practi
ces.
Pricecont r
ol undersuchci rcumst ancesbecomesal i
ttl
eunr eali
sti
cunl essahugedepar tment
canbesetupwi t
hv igilancet ermsandi nspect
orsempower edt oraidshopsandwar ehouses.
Theef f
ortst ocont rol aseller'
smar ketissogreatandt hecost ssohi ght hatinf actnotagr eat
deal ofcont rolcanbeexer cised.Andal ter
nati
vemet hodist oencour aget hegr owt hofbuy er'
s
mar ketinwhi cht hecust omerhasachoi cebetweenmanycompet ingpr oduct s.Compet it
ion
automat icallyforcesgoodqual i
tyandl owpr i
cesont hegoods.Thi sisatpr esentonl ypossi bl
e
i
nt hehi ghpr oduct ionar easoft hewor l
d.Butcompet i
ti
onl eadst omal pr acti
cesofadi ff
erent
ki
nd.Sur vivalforabusi nessof t
endependsupont hedestruct i
onofcompet ingbusi nessandbi g
compani eshav eanat uraladv antageov ersmallones.Anobsessi vedrivet o'sell
'isgener atedin
suchasy stem.Hugesumsar espentonadv er
ti
sing,thecost sofwhi char etransf erredtot he
buy er.Peopl ear etrickedandbadger edi nt
obuy i
ngthingst heydonotr eall
yneed.

3.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encesast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ngs.

(
i)Canv
as,
Canv
ass

(
ii
)Cast
,Cast
e

(
ii
i)Appr
aise,
Appr
ise

(
iv)Al
l
usi
on,
Il
lusi
on

(
v)Cont
inual
,Cont
inuous

(
vi)Ber
th,
Bir
th

(
vii
)Apposi
te,
Opposi
te

(
vii
i
)Ar
ti
st,
Art
ist
e

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
oni
nsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Tohav
eyourcakeandeati
ttoo

(
ii
)Bet
weent
hedev
ilandt
hedeepbl
uesea

(
ii
i)Tobei
nhotwat
er

(
iv)Tobeont
hecar
pet

(
v)I
tnev
err
ainsbuti
tpour
s

(
vi)Ami
ssi
sasgoodasami
l
e

(
vii
)Togi
veonesel
fai
rs
(
vii
i
)Tohav
ethecour
ageofone'
sconv
ict
ions

(
ix)Theonl
ookerseesmostoft
hegame

(
x)Outofsi
ghtoutofmi
nd

4.Wr
it
eapar
agr
aphonanyoneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
cs.

(
a)Theaut
hor
it
ari
ansoci
ety

(
b)Ci
vi
li
zeddi
ssenti
snecessar
yforsoci
alpr
ogr
ess

(
c)Li
fei
sat
ragedyf
ort
hosewhof
eel
andacomedyf
ort
hosewhot
hink

(
d)Ev
ent
ual
l
yal
lhumanact
ionmustbej
udgedbyi
tsmor
alcont
ent

(
e)Thosewhocan,
do,
thosewhocan'
tteach

5.Wr
it
eapar
agr
aphonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
cs.

(
a)Whatwecal
lpr
ogr
essi
slar
gel
ydel
usor
y

(
b)Speaknoev
il
,hearnoev
il
,seenoev
il

(
c)Renderunt
oCaesart
hatwhi
chi
sCaesar
'sandunt
oGodt
hatwhi
chi
sGod'
s

(d)Aman'
sper
sonal
i
ty,
mor
ali
ty,
int
ell
ectandat
ti
tudesar
eal
lthepr
oductofhi
sbodi
l
y
chemi
str
y.

(
e)Al
lthewor
ld'
sast
age

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

12.YEAR1982

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout100wor
dsandsuggestat
it
le.

Objectivespur suedby ,organisationsshoul dbedi rect edt othesat i

sfacti
onofdemands
resulti
ngf rom thewant sofmanki nd.Ther ef
or e,t
hedet er mi nati
onofappr opr i
ateobjectivesfor
organisedact ivi
tymustbepr ecededbyanef forttodet ermi nepr eciselywhatt heirwant sare.
Industrialorganisationsconductmar ketstudiest ol ear nwhatconsumer sgoodsshoul dbe
produced.Ci t
yCommi ssi
onsmakesur veystoascer tai nwhatci vicpr oj
ectswoul dbeofmost
benef i
t.HighwayCommi ssi
onsconductt raf
ficcount st ol earnwhatconst ructi
v eprogrammes
shouldbeunder taken.Organi sat
ionscomei ntobei ngasameansf orcreatingandexchangi ng
util
it
y.Thei rsuccessi sdependentupont heappr opr iatenessoft heser iesofact scontributedto
thesy stem.Themaj orit
yoft heseact sispur posef ul, thati s,theyar edirectedt othe
accompl i
shmentofsomeobj ective.Theseact sar ephy sical i
nnat ureandf indpur poseful
empl oymenti nt heal t
erati
onoft hephy sicalenvironment .Asar esul tutil
i
tyi screated,which
throught hepr ocessofdi stri
but i
on,makesi tpossi blef orthecooper ativesy stem t oendur e.
Beforet heIndust rialRevoluti
onmostcooper ativeact ivit
ywasaccompl ishedi nsmal lowner -
managedent erpri
ses.usual l
ywi thasingl edeci si
onmakerandsi mpl eor ganisat i
onal objecti
ves.
Increasedt echnol ogyandt hegr owthofi ndust ri
al organi sationsmadenecessar ythe
establishmentofahi erarchyofobj ecti
v es.Thi s,i
nt ur n,requi r
edadi visionoft hemanagement ,
functionunt i
ltodayahi erarchyofdeci sionmakerexi stsinmostor ganisat i
ons.Theef fective
pursuitofappr opr iateobjectivescontribut esdi r
ectlyt heor ganisational effi
ciency .Asusedher e,
effi
ciencyi sameasur eoft hewantsat isfy ingpoweroft hecooper ativesy stem asawhol e.
Thusef f
ici
encyi st hesummat ionofutilit
iesr ecei vedf r
om t heorgani sationdi videdbyt he
util
it
iesgi v
ent ot heor ganisation,assubj ect ivelyev aluatedbyeachcont ributor.Thef unct i
onof
themanagementpr ocessist hedelineat i
onofor gani sational obj
ect i
vesandt hecoor dinationof
activi
tytowar dst heaccompl ishmentoft heseobj ectives.Thesy stem ofcoor di natedactiviti
es
mustbemai ntainedsot hateachcont r
ibut or ,i
ncludi ngt hemanager ,gainsmor ethanhe
cont r
ibutes.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

Aft
erasi t
uationhasbeencar efull
yanal y
sedandt hepossi bleout comeshav ebeenev al
uated
asaccur atel
yaspossi ble,
adeci sioncanbemade.Thi sdecisi onmayi ncl udethealternativeof
notmaki ngadeci sionont healternati
vespr esented.Af t
erall thedat at hatcanbebr oughtt o
bearonasi t
uati
onhasbeenconsi dered,somear easofuncer taintymybeexpect edt or emain.
Ifadecisionistobemade, t
hesear easofuncer t
aintymustbebr i
dgedbyt heconsiderat i
onand
evaluat
ionofi nt
angi bles.Somecal lt
het ypeofev aluati
oni nv olvedint heconsi derati
onof
i
ntangibles,i
ntui
t i
on, otherscal
l ithunchonj udgement ,what ev eritbecal led,i
tisinescapabl e
thatthi
st ypeoft hinkingmustal way sbet hef i
nalpartinar r
ivingatadeci sionaboutt hef utur
e.
Thereisnoot herwayi fact i
onist obet aken.Ther eappear st obeamar keddi f
fer
encei n
people'
sabi l
it
iest ocomet osoundconcl usions,whensomef act srelati
v etoasi t
uationar e
missing,thosewhopossesssoundj udgement ,
arer i
chlyrewar ded.Butasef f
ecti
veasan
i
ntuiti
on,hunchonj udgmentmaysomet imesbe, thistypeoft hinkingshoul dbereser vedf or
thoseareaswher ef act sonwhi cht obaseadeci sion,aremi ssi ng.

QUESTI
ONS

(
a)Howi
sitpossi
blet
ocomet
oasounddeci
sionwhenf
act
sar
emi
ssi
ng?

(b)Whatparti
nyouropi
niondoesdeci
sionmaki
ngpl
ayi
ntheef
fi
cientf
unct
ioni
ngofan
organi
sat
ion?

OR

Br
ingoutt
hei
mpl
i
cat
ionoft
hef
oll
owi
ngobser
vat
ion.

Tr
avel
er,
ther
eisnopat
h:pat
hsar
emadebywal
ki
ng

3.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Tocomet
oadeadend
(
ii
)Tot
urnadeaf
er

(
ii
i)Ev
erydar
kcl
oudhasasi
l
verl
i
ning

(
iv)Bl
owi
nghotandcol
dtoget
her

(
v)Tol
ett
hecatoutoft
hebag

(
vi)Toputt
hecar
tbef
oret
hehor
se

(
vii
)Tosai
li
nthesameboat

(
vii
i
)ASwanSong

4.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Mi
ti
gat
e,Al
l
evi
ate

(
ii
)Per
secut
e,Pr
osecut
e

(
ii
i)Popul
ar,
Popul
ace

(
iv)Compl
i
ment
,Compl
ement

(
v)Exci
te,
Inci
te

(
vi)Vor
aci
ty,
Ver
aci
ty

(
vii
)Vi
rt
ual
,Vi
rt
uous

(
vii
i
)Ex
cept
ional
,Except
ionabl
e

5.Wr
it
eapar
agr
aphofatl
east100wor
dsonanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
cs.

(
a)Al
lthatgl
i
tter
sisnotgol
d

(
b)Et
ernal
vigi
l
ancei
sthepr
iceofl
i
ber
ty

(
c)Pr
obl
emsofdev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es

(
d)Ther
eisnoshor
tcutt
osuccess

(
e)Toer
rishuman,
tof
orgi
vei
sdi
vi
ne

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

13.YEAR1983

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Rur
aldev
elopmentl
i
esatt
hehear
tofanymeani
ngf
uldev
elopmentst
rat
egy
.Thi
sist
heonl
y
mechani sm t ocar rythemessaget ot hemaj orityoft hepeopl eandt oobt aint heiri nv olv ement
i
nmeasur esdesi gnedt oi mpr ov epr oduct ivit
yl ev els.Rur alpopul ati
onexceeds70per centoft he
total popul ati
onoft hecount ry,despi t
ear api dr ateofur banization.Av erager ur al i
ncomei s34
per centl esst hanpercapi taur bani ncome.Al argepar tofunderempl oymenti sst il
l conceal ed
i
nv ariousr ural activit
iespar ti
cularlyint hel essdev elopedpar tsoft hecount ry.Forcent ur ies,
thet ruemagni tudeofpov ertyhasbeenconceal edf r
om v i
ewbypushi ngal argepar tofi tt ot he
rural areas.Thi sseti nmot i
onasel f-
per petuat ingmechani sm.Themor eent er prisingand
talentedi nt her ural societymi gratedt ot heci tiesi nsear chofdr eamswhi chwer esel dom
realized.Suchmi gr antsaddedt our bansqual or .Ther el
at i
velymor epr osper ousi nt her ur al
soci etyopt edf orur banr esi dencef ordi f
ferentr easons.Ther ural societyi t
selfhasi nt hisway
syst emat i
callybeendenudedofi t
smor eent erpr isingelement s,asr ural areasdev elopedt he
char acterofahugeandspr awl i
ngsl um.Dev elopmenti nt hepasthast ouchedr ur alscene
mai nlyv iaagr iculturaldev elopmentpr ogr ammes.Thesear eessent i
al andwoul dhav et obe
i
nt ensi f
ied.Muchmor eimpor tantisal argescal eexpansi onofphy sicalandsoci al
i
nf rastructureont hev il
l
agescene.Thesei ncludedr uralroads, r
ur alwat ersuppl yandv illage
elect r
ifi
cat i
onasapar toft hechangei nthephy sical environmentandpr imar yeducat i
onand
primar yheal thcar east heagent sofsoci al change.Thet askist opr ov i
demoder nameni ti
esas
anai dforbr ingingi ntomot iont hei nternal dy nami csoft her ural societyonapat hl eadi ngt o
i
ncr easei npr oduct ivi
tyandsel f
-help, changi ngt heov er
al lsurr
oundi ng, whi l
epr eser v ing
coher ence, i
ntegr atedst ruct ureandt her ichcul t uralheritageoft her uralsoci ety .

2.Readthef
oll
owingpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyTWOoft
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
owi
n
yourownwords.

"Thet hirdgreatdefectofourci v i
l
izationist hatitdoesnotknowwhatt odowi thi t
s
knowl edge.Sciencehasgi venuspower sfitfort hegods, yetweuset hem l ikesmal lchil
dren.
Forexampl e,wedonotknowhowt omanageourmachi nes.Machi neswer emadet obeman' s
serv ants,yethehasgr ownsodependentont hem t hattheyar ci naf airwayt obecomehi s
mast ers.Alreadymostmenspendmostoft hei rli
vesl ookingaf terandwai ti
nguponmachi nes.
Andt hemachi nesarev eryst ernmast ers.Theymustbef edwi thcoal ,andgi venpet roltodr i
nk,
andoi ltowashwi thandt heymustbekeptatt her i
ghtt emper at ure.Andi ftheydonotgett heir
meal swhent heyexpectt hem, theygr owsul kyandr efuset owor k,orbur stwi thr age, andbl ow
upandspr eadr uinanddest r
uct ionallroundt hem.Sowehav et owai tupont hem v ery
attent i
velyanddoal lt
hatwecant okeept hem i nagoodt emper .Alreadywef indi tdiffi
cult
eit
hert owor korpl aywithoutt hemachi nes,andat i
memaycomewhent heywi l
lruleus
alt
oget her,j
ustaswer ulet heani mals.Andt hisbr i
ngsmet othepoi ntatwhi chIasked" What
dowedowi t
hal lt
imewhi cht hemachi neshav esav edforus, andt henewener gyt heyhav e
givenus? "Ont hewhol e,itmustbeadmi tt
ed, wedov eryli
ttl
e.Fort hemostpar tweuseourt i
me
andener gyt omakemor eandbet termachi nes, butmor eandbet termachi neswi l
l onlygiveus
sti
llmor etimeandst i
llmor eener gyandwhatar ewet odowi tht hem?Theanswer ,Ithi
nk, i
s
thatweshoul dt r
ytobecomemor eci v
ili
zed.Fort hemachi nest hemsel ves, andt hepowerwhi ch
themachi neshav egivenus, ar enotci vili
zationbutai dst ocivi
lizat i
on.Buty ouwi l
l remember
thatweagr eedatt hebegi nningt hebei ngci vil
izedmeantmaki ngandl ikingbeaut iful t
hings,
thi
nki ngf reely,andli
vi
ngr ight lyandmai ntainingj usticeequallybet weenmanandman.Manhas
abetterchancetodayt odotheset hingsthanheeverhadbef ore,
hehasmor etime,more
ener
gy ,l
esstofearandl esstofightagainst.I
fhewil
lgivehisti
meandener gywhichhis
machineshav ewonf orhimt omakemaki ngmor ebeauti
fult
hings,t
ofindingoutmor eand
moreaboutt heuniversetoremov ingthecausesofquarrelsbetweennations,dodiscover
ing
howtopr eventpovert
y ,
thenIthinkoutcivil
izat
ionwouldundoubtedlybethegr eat
est,asi
t
wouldbet hemostlast i
ngthattherehasev erbeen.
"

(
a)Whati
syourconceptof"
Civ
il
izat
ion"
?Doy
ouagr
eewi
tht
heaut
hor
'sv
iewsont
hesubj
ect
?

(
b)Sci
encehasgi
venuspower
sfi
tfort
hegods.I
sitacur
seorbl
essi
ng?

(
c)Theuseofmachi
neshasbr
oughtusmor
elei
sur
eandener
gy.Ar
eweut
il
izi
ngi
ttoi
mpr
ove
t
hequal
it
yofhumanli
fe?

(
d)I
nst
eadofmakingmachi
nesourser
vant
s,t
heaut
horsay
s,t
heyhav
ebecomeourmast
ers.
I
nwhatsensehast
hiscomeabout
?

3.Expandt
hei
deacont
ainedi
noneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Gi
veev
erymant
hyearbutf
ewt
heyv
oice

(
ii
)Ifwi
ntercomes,
canspr
ingbef
arbehi
nd

(
ii
i)Toer
rishuman,
tor
efr
ainf
rom l
aughi
ng,
humane

(
iv)Housesar
ebui
l
ttol
i
vei
nandnott
olookon.

(
v)Ful
lmanyaf
loweri
sbor
ntobl
ushunseen.Andwast
eri
tssweet
nessont
hedeser
tai
r.

(
vi)Whati
sthi
sli
fe,
iff
ull
ofcar
e/Wehav
enot
imet
ost
andandst
are

(
vii
)AYawni
saSi
l
entShout
.

4.UseanyFIVEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meanings.

(
i)Al
l
usi
on,
Il
lusi
on

(
ii
)Ar
dour
,Or
der

(
ii
i)Conquer
,Concur

(
iv)Ci
te,
Sit
e

(
v)Addi
ct,
Edi
ct

(
vi)Pr
oceed,
Precede

(
vii
)Ri
ght
,Ri
te
(
vii
i
)Weat
her
,Whet
her

5.Fi
l
lint
hebl
anks.

(
i)Much_
___
___
___aboutnot
hing.

(
ii
)__
___
___
__i
sthel
astr
efugeoft
heScoundr
el.

(
ii
i)Toputt
he_
___
___
___bef
oret
he_
___
___
___
.

(
iv)_
___
___
___oft
hesame_
___
___
___f
lockt
oget
her
.

(
v)A_
___
___
___i
nti
mesav
es_
___
___
___
.

(
vi)_
___
___
___dogssel
dom _
___
___
___
.

(
vii
)Sweet
sar
etheusesof_
___
___
___
.

(
vii
i
)Et
ernal
___
___
___
_ist
hepr
iceof_
___
___
___
.

(
ix)A_
___
___
___chi
l
d__
___
___
__t
hef
ir
e.

(
x)Oneman'
s__
___
___
__i
sanot
herman'
s__
___
___
__.

6.Checkandwri
tet
hewor
dorphr
asey
oubel
i
evei
snear
estt
othemeani
ngofanyTENoft
he
fol
lowi
ngwords.

(
i)Mor
ator
ium:
(lar
get
omb,
wai
ti
ngper
iod,
secur
it
yfordebt
,funer
alhouse)

(
ii
)Pr
oli
fi
c:(
ski
l
lful
,fr
uit
ful
,wor
dy,
spr
eadout
)

(
ii
i)Bi
-Par
ti
san:
(nar
rowmi
nded,
progr
essi
ve,
repr
esent
ingt
wopar
ti
es,
div
ided)

(
iv)Unequi
vocal
:(car
eless,
unmi
stakabl
e,v
ari
abl
e,i
ncompar
abl
e)

(
v)Cov
enant
:(pr
ayer
,debat
e,gar
den,
agr
eement
)

(
vi)Tent
ati
ve:
(expedi
ent
,nomi
nal
,pr
ovi
sional
,sensi
ti
ve)

(
vii
)Demogr
aphi
c:(
rel
ati
ngt
hest
udyof
:gov
ernment
,demons,
communi
cat
ions,
popul
ati
on)

(vi
i
i)SonarAppar
atusto(
det
ectsomet
hingi
ntheai
r,l
ocat
eobj
ect
sunderwat
er,
measur
erai
n,
anti
ci
pateeart
hquake)

(
ix)Pr
ogeny
:(ageni
us,
off
spr
ing,
ancest
ors,
growt
h)

(
x)Empi
ri
cal
:(r
elayont
heor
y,basedonexper
ience,
hav
ingv
isi
onofpower
,di
sdai
nful
)

(
xi)Pol
ari
ze:
(chi
l
l,t
osepar
atei
ntoopposi
ngext
remes,
slant
,causet
obef
reel
ymov
abl
e)

(
xii
)Apol
i
tical
:(conser
vat
ive,
rude,
non-
pol
i
tical
,radi
cal
)
(
xii
i
)Pl
enar
y:(
ti
mel
y,combi
ned,
flor
id,
ful
l
)

(
xiv
)Ent
our
age:
(decor
ator
s,t
our
ist
,at
tendant
,adv
ersar
ies)

(
xv)Di
agnosi
s:(
ident
if
icat
ionofani
l
lness,
prophecy
,pl
an,
li
keness)

(
xvi
)Nucl
eus:
(cor
e,out
erpar
t,i
nedi
blenut
,qual
i
ty)

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

14.YEAR1984

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Itisnodoubtt ruet hatwecannotgot hroughl ifewi thoutsor row.Ther ecanbenosunshi ne

withoutshade.Wemustnotcompl aint hatr oseshav et horns,butr atherbegr atefulthatthorns
bearf l
ower s.Ourexi stenceher eissocompl ext hatwemustexpectmuchsor rowandmuch
suf feri
ng.Manypeopl edi stressandt ormentt hemsel vesaboutt hemy steryofexi stence.But
althoughagoodmanmayatt i
mesbeangr ywi tht hewor ld,i
tiscer tainthatnomanwasev er
discont entedwi tht hewor l
dwhodi dhi sdut yi ni t.Thewor l
disal ooki ng-glass,ifyousmi l
e,it
smi les, ifyouf r
own, i
tf rownsback.I fyoul ookati tthroughar edgl ass, allseemsr edandr osy:
i
ft hr oughabl ue, allbl ue, ifthroughasmokedone, alldullanddi ngy .Alway str
yt hent olookat
thebr i
ghtsi deoft hings, almostev erythingi nt hewor l
dhasabr ightsi de.Ther ear esome
per sonswhosesmi le, thesoundofwhosev oice, whoseev erypresenceseemsl ikear ayof
sunshi neandbr ight ensawhol eroom.Gr eetev erybodywi thabr ightsmi l
e, ki
ndwor dsanda
pleasantwel come.I tisnotenought olov ethosewhoar enearanddeart ous.Wemustshow
thatwedoso.Whi le, howev er ,weshoul dbegr atef ul
,andenj oytot hef ull t
heinnumer able
blessi ngsofl i
fe,wecannotexpectt ohav enosor rowsoranxi et
ies.Li fehasbeendescr ibedas
acomedyt ot hosewhot hink, atr
agedyt ot hosewhof eel.Itisindeedat ragedyatt i
mesanda
comedyv eryof t
en, butasar ul
e,itiswhatwechooset omakei t.Noev il
, saidSocr ates,can
happent oagoodman, eit herinLifeorDeat h.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyTWOquest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

Dur i
ngthel
astfewdecadesmedi cinehasundoubt edl
yadvancedbyhugest ri
desin
consequenceofinnumer ablediscov eriesandi nventions.Buthaveweact ual
lybecomeheal thi
er
asar esul
tofthi
spr ogress?Admi ttedly,tuberculosisorcholerai
stodayamuchr arecauseof
deathinmanycount ri
es.Ont heot herhand, var i
ousot hernolessdangerousdi seaseshave
appeared,whi
chwet erm" t
imediseases" .Theyincludenotonl ycert
aini
mpai rment softhe
heartandthecir
culatorysystem, oftheskel etalstructureandint
ernalorgans,butalsoan
i
ncreasedpsychicinstabil
it
y,theaddi ctiontoal l
mannerofdr ugsetc.
,andst at
esofner vous
shockandexhaustion.

AccordingtoBodamer,"Man'shysteri
calandv ai
nattempttoover
taxanddov i
olencetohi
s
natur
einor dert
oadjusti
ttothetechnicalworl
dleadstoadangerousthreattohealth.
"Inot
her
words,ourorganscannolongercopewi ththenoise,t
hebustl
eandalltheinevi
tabl
e
concomitantsofourmoderncivi
li
zati
on.Aman' sbodyi ssi
mplynotamachi netobeusedashe
thinksfit,andasl ongashel ikes.I
tissomet hingli
v i
ng, apartofthei mageofGodi nwhi chwe
wer ecreat ed.Thati swhyt hebodyhasar hythm ofitsown, arhythm t hatcanmakei tselfheard.
Themostdeep- seatedofal lthediseasesofourt imei st hatmannol ongert akesGodi nto
account ,thathehasl ostconf i
denceinGod' sdomi nionov erthewor l
d,thatheconsi derst he
visibl
east heul ti
mat e,theonl y,
real
ity.Butmanwi thoutGodsuf fersf rom hisfatebecausehe
cannotaccepti tfrom thehandofGod.Hesuf f
ersf r
om t hewor l
dbecausehesensesi t
s
disorderedst atewi t
houtbei ngabletoputi tri
ght.Hebegi nstosuf ferfrom hiswor kbecausei t
exhaust shi m wi t
houtsat isfyi
nghim.Hebegi nstosuf ferfrom hi
sf ellowmenbecauset heyar e
nothi sneighbour s,towhom Godwoul dhav ehimt urn,butbecausehel etsthem getonhi s
neighbour s, towhom Godwoul dhavehi mturn,butbecausehel etst hem getonhi sner v
esand
makehi mi ll.Andhesuf fersfrom himselfbecausehef indshimsel foutoft uneanddi ssatisfi
ed
wi t
hhi msel f.Iti
sonl ybecauseourt i
mei snol ongercent eredinGodt hatitsst r
uctureis
i
ncr easinglybecomi ngwhatcr it
icsofourciv i
li
zat
ioncal l"pathol
ogi cal"domi natedbyt hef earof
l
ifeaswel l asbyt hel ustforli
fe,endinginthesplit
tingofper sonality.

(a)Howdoestheexpr
ession"
ti
mediseases"indi
cat
ethatt
hesev
ari
ousai
l
ment
shav
e
somethi
ngfundament
alincommon?Explain.

(b)Whydoesmodernmansufferf
rom hi
stime?Iti
snotbecausehehasnotadaptedhi
sbody
suff
ici
ent
lyt
othedemandsofthemachine.I
tisnotrat
herbecausehehassur
render
edhis
soul
dtotimeandi
tspowers.

(
c)Whatcur
ewoul
dyousuggestt
ocombatt
hesei
l
ls?

(
d)Expl
aint
hel
astsent
encef
ull
y.

3.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Tol
ookagi
fthor
sei
nthemout
h

(
ii
)Tohav
eanaxet
ogr
ind

(
ii
i)Towashone'
sdi
rt
yli
neni
npubl
i
c

(
iv)Topocketandi
nsul
t

(
v)Tot
aket
oone'
sheel
s

(
vi)Towi
nlaur
els

(
vii
)Agent
lemanatl
arge

4.Examinet
hefol
l
owingwordgroups.Expl
ainanduseanyFIVEofthem i
nsentencesto
deter
minewher
egenuinedi
ff
erencesofmeaningandfunct
ionexi
stwit
hinthegroup.

(
i)Tabl
e,Br
and

(
ii
)Opi
nion,
Judgement
(
ii
i)Uni
nter
est
ed,
Disi
nter
est
ed

(
iv)Rev
olt
,Mut
iny

(
v)Decay
,Spoi
l

(
vi)Adj
our
n,Post
pone

(
vii
)Ignor
e,Negl
ect

(
vii
i
)Conspi
racy
,Pl
ot

5.Di
scusseachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsi
tuat
ionsanddet
ermi
net
hev
ali
dit
yoft
hedi
rectt
est
imony
i
nvol
ved.

(i
)Awi t
nesstesti
fi
estoseeingaholdupandidentif
iesoneoft hegunmen.Iti
sestabli
shedthat
thiswitnesswasaboutt wohundr
edy ardsfr
om thesceneoft hecr i
me.Undercr
oss-
exami nati
on,t
heat t
orneyfort
hedefencebri
ngsoutt hefactthatthewit
nesshabi
tuall
ywears
glassestocorrectasev er
econdi
ti
onofnearsightedness,butthatonthedayofholdup,hi
s
glasseswer ebrokenandhehadjustleftt
hem tober epai
red.

(b)Aseriesofwit
nessagreest
hataparti
cul
arcr
imewascommi ttedbyamanwhoi sbald,
walkswithasli
ghtli
p,i
sabout5.10t
all
,andwearst
hickgl
asses.Theydif
feronthematterof
thecolourofhi
sclot
hing,
thety
peofshoeshewaswear i
ng,andthesizeofsatchel
hewas
carr
ying.

OR

Expl
ainascl
ear
lyasy
oucananyTWOoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
s.

(
a)Thepol
i
tical
str
uct
ureofasoci
etyi
sal
way
sthepowerst
ruct
ureoft
hatsoci
ety
.

(
b)I
tisbet
tert
obesi
l
entandbet
houghtst
upi
dthant
ospeakandpr
ovei
t'
str
ue.

(
c)Theonlyknowl
edgewor
thhav
ingi
sthatwhi
chi
sappl
i
cabl
etosomepar
toft
heeconomi
c
l
i
feofthecommunity
.

(
d)Any"
labour
-sav
ing"dev
icei
sthemosti
n-humanaspectofwor
k.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

15.YEAR1985

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Cli
matei nf
luenceslabournotonlybyenervatingthelabour
erorbyi nvi
gorati
nghi m,butalso
bytheeffecti
tproducesont heregulari
tyofhishabits.Thuswefindthatnopeopl eliv
ingina
ver
ynorthernlati
tudehaveev erpossessedthatsteadyandunfli
nchingindustr
yf orwhichthe
i
nhabit
antsoft emperateregi
onsar eremarkable.I
nthemor enortherncountri
est hesever
ityof
theweat her ,and, atsomeseasons, thedef ici
encyofl i
ght ,
renderi timpossi blef orthepeopl et o
cont i
nuet heirusual out-of-
doorempl oyment s.Ther esultist hatthewor kingcl asses,being
compel ledt oceasef rom theirordinarypur suit
sar er enderedmov epronet odesul toryhabi ts,
thechai noft hei rindust ryis, asitwer e,broken, andt heyloset hatimpet uswhi chl ong-cont i
nued
anduni nt errupt edpr acticenev erfailstogi ve.Hencet herear i
sesanat i
onal char actermor ef itful
andcapr icioust hant hatpossessedbyapeopl ewhosecl imat eper mitsther egul arexerciseof
theiror dinar yi ndust r y.I
ndeedsopower fulisthisprinciplethatweper ceivei t
soper ationsev en
undert hemostopposi t
ecir cumstances.I twoul dbedi ff
iculttoconcei veagr eat erdifferencei n
gover nment ,laws, religi
on, andmanner s, t
hant hatwhi chdistinguishesSwedenandNor way , on
theonehand, from Spai nandPor t
ugal ont heot her.Butt hesef ourcount rieshav eonegr eat
pointi ncommon.I nal lofthem cont i
nuedagr i
cultural i
ndust r
yi simpracticabl e.Inthet wo
Sout her ncount riesl abouri sinterr
upt edbyt hedr ynessoft heweat herandbyt heconsequent
stateoft hesoi l
.I nthenor therncount ri
est hesameef fectispr oducedbyt hesev erit
yoft he
winterandt heshor tnessoft heday s.Theconsequencei sthatt hesefournat i
ons, thoughso
diff
er enti not herr espect s,areallr
emar kableforacer taininstabili
tyandf icklenessofchar act er.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyTWOquest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

Whoev erst artsanewdi ar ydoesi t,i

fhei swi se, i
nsecr et,forifitbeknownt ohi sf ri
endst hat
hekeepsapunct ualrecor dofhi sdoi ngsandt heirs,theywi l
ltreathi m wi thar eticencet hatmay
embar rasshi m.Thati st hef ir
str uleofdi arykeepi ng, butot hers,suchaswhet hert hedi ary
shouldber egular,orirregul ar,ar emor edisput able.Iti s, howev er,af atal practicet oat t
empt
regularityinamount. ..
,toai m, assomedo, atf il
li
ngapageort woaday .Itisequal lyfutil
et o
stri
vef oruni formi t
yofst y l
eor ,indeedf oranyst yleatal l.Theadv ant ageoft hedi aryf ormi s
thatitexempt sitsuser sf rom al lor di
nar yrules, youmayspel lasy oul i
ke, abbr eviate, orwander
i
ntosi de- tr
acksasandwheni tpleasesy ou.Abov eall,y ouneedt opr eserv enosenseof
proportionorr esponsi bility.AnewhatmayoustanewPar l
iament ,anewact resswhoamused
youmay ,withoutanycompl ai
nt s,sweepal lthear miesandpot entat esofEur opeov ery our
mar ginint onot hingnessandobl i
vion.Nobody '
sf eelingshav etobeconsi der ed,nosenseof
cri
ti
cal audi enceneedf or cegai etyf rom amoodofsadnessorcastashadowont hespi r
it
sof
Puck.Why ,thendoesnotev eryonekeepadi aryi fitissof ullofdel ightsoff reedom and
omni pot ence?Per hapsi ti sbecausewel iket ohav eanaudi encef orwhatwesay , andgr owa
l
itt
let i
redofent ert
ainingourgr eatgr andchi ldr en.Someav ert hatal ldiaristsar ev ain;buti t
woul dappear ,
ont hecont r
ar y
, i
ft heykeept hei rsecretandl etnonepr yintot heirlockeddr awer,
thattheyhav eani rr
ef utablecl aimt omodest y .Itispossi ble,ofcour se,thatt heymaybepuf f
ing
themsel v esupbef oret hemi r
rorofpost erit
y ,butt hati ssuchar emot eandpar donabl econcei t-
-
parti
cular ly,i
fwer emembert hatpost eri
tyisf armor el ikelyt omockt hant oadmi ret hatnobody
whot ur nsov erthebl ankpagesoft hisyearandwonder swhatot herf i
nger swi l
l t
ur nt hem some
dayneedt obeashamedofhi sdi arist'
sdr eam.

(
a)Whatar
eyouri
mpr
essi
onsaboutdi
ary
-keepi
ng?Wr
it
eashor
tpar
agr
aphofabout100wor
ds.

(
b)St
atei
nyourownwor
dswhyt
hewr
it
ert
hinkst
hatadi
aryshoul
dbekepti
nsecr
et.

(
c)Expl
aint
heunder
li
nedpor
ti
ons.
3.UseanyFI
VEoft
hefoll
owingpai
rofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ffer
encei
nmeani
ngclear
ly.

(
i)Emi
nent
,Immi
nent

(
ii
)Def
erence,
Dif
fer
ence

(
ii
i)El
i
gibl
e,I
ll
egi
ble

(
iv)Judi
cial
,Judi
cious

(
v)Pr
esi
dent
,Pr
ecedent

(
vi)Super
fi
cial
,Super
fl
ous

(
vii
)Immi
grant
,Emi
grant

(
vii
i
)Ri
ght
ful
,Ri
ght
eous

(
ix)Cont
empt
ibl
e,Cont
empt
uous

(
x)I
ngeni
ous,
Ingenuous

4.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Byandby

(
ii
)Thel
i
on'
sshar
e

(
ii
i)I
nbl
ackandwhi
te

(
iv)Tobr
ingt
obook

(
v)Tor
eadbet
weent
hel
i
nes

(
vi)Tost
ickt
oone'
sguns

(
vii
)Tobeunderacl
oud

(
vii
i
)Byf
it
sandst
art
s

5.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngphr
asesi
nyourownsent
encessoast
omaket
hei
rmeani
ng
cl
ear.

(
i)Abi
nit
io

(
ii
)Boaf
ides

(
ii
i)Enbl
oc

(
iv)Expast
e
(
v)Si
nedi
e

(
vi)St
atusquo

(
vii
)Adv
alor
um

(
vii
i
)Al
terego

6.Expandt
hei
deacont
ainedi
nanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
napassageofabout150wor
ds.

(
a)Menar
enothangedf
orst
eal
i
nghor
sesbutt
hathor
sesmaynotbest
olen

(
b)Thr
eemaykeepasecr
eti
ftwoar
edead.

(
c)Al
lphi
l
osophyi
sint
wowor
ds,
sust
ainorabst
ain.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

16.YEAR1986

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassage,
suggest
ingasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Oneoft hef undamental f

actsaboutwor dsi sthatt hemostusef ul onesi nourl anguagehav e
manymeani ngs.Thatispar tl
ywheyt heyar esousef ul :t
heywor kov ertime.Thi nkofall t
he
variousthingswemeanbyt hewor d"foot
"ondi f
ferentoccasi on:oneoft hel owerext remitiesof
thehumanbody ,ameasur eofv erse,thegroundaboutat ree,twelvei nches, thef l
oorinf r
ontof
thest ai
rs.Thesamei st r
ueofnear lyever
ycommonnounorv erb..
.consi deringt henumberof
way soft akingapar ti
cularwor d,thetaskofspeaki ngcl earlyandbei ngunder stoodwoul dseem
prettyhopel essi fi
twerenotf oranot herveryimpor tantf actaboutl anguage.Thoughawor d
mayhav emanysenses, thesesensescanbecont rol
led, upt oapoi nt, bythecont extinwhi ch
thewor di sused.Whenwef indthewor dinapar ticularv er
bal setti
ng-wecanusual lydecide
quitedef i
nitelywhichoft hemanysensesoft hewor dr elevant.Ifapoetsay shi sv er
sehasf eet
,
i
tdoesn' toccurt oyouthathecoul dmeani t'say ardlongori sthreel egged( unlessper hapsy ou
areacr it
icpl anningtopunct urethepoetwi t
hapunabouthi s" l
umpi ngv erse").Thecont ext
rul
esoutt hesemav er
icksensesqui tedecisivel
y.

2.Readthef
oll
owingpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyTWOquest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
n
about70wordseach.

Bi
of eedbackisaprocessthatall
owspeopl ewi t
hst r
ess-r
elatedi l
lnesssuchashi ghblood
pressur etomonitorandimprovetheirhealt
hbyl earni
ngtor el
ax.I nbiofeedback,devi
cest hat
moni torskintemperatur
eareattachedtoapat i
ent '
sarm, l
eg,orf orehead.Thentheper sont r
ies
torelax.Asheorsher el
axescompl et
ely,t
hetemper atur
eoft hear eaundert hedev i
cesrises
becausemor ebloodreachesthearea.Whenamachi nethatisat t
achedt othedev i
cesdet ects
therisei ntemperat
ureabuzzersounds, orthereadingonadi al changes.Asl ongast hepat i
ent
i
sr el
axed, thebuzzerordial
givesencouragement .

Thenex
tpar
toft
hebi
ofeedbackpr
ocessi
slear
ninghowt
orel
axwi
thoutt
hemoni
tor
ing
dev i
ces.Thepati
entrecallshowheorshef eltwhenthebuzzerordi ali
ndicat
edr el
axati
onand
thentriestoi
mitatet
hatf eel
ingwithouthav
ingtocheckthebiofeedbackmachi ne.After
succeedingindoingso,thepatienttr
iestomaintai
ntherel
axedf eeli
ngt hr
oughouttheday.
Stressmaycauseasmuchas75per centofalli
l
lness,
ther
efore,biofeedbackpromisestobean
outstandingmedical
tool.

(
a)Whati
sbi
ofeedback?Descr
ibei
nyouownway
.

(
b)Canl
ear
ningt
orel
axi
mpr
oveheal
th?Expl
ainy
ouv
iewpoi
nt.

(c)Whyi sbiof
eedbackconsi
der
edt
obeani
nst
rumentwi
thgr
eatpot
ent
ial
fort
het
reat
mentof
stress-
rel
atedil
lness?

3.UseanyFI
VEofthefol
lowingpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encest
odi
ff
erent
iat
ethem i
n
thei
rmeani
ngsandfunct
ions.

(
i)Compl
ement
,Compl
i
ment

(
ii
)Out
break,
Breakout

(
ii
i)Faci
l
itat
e,Fel
i
cit
ate

(
iv)Pr
ecede,
Proceed

(
v)Lay
out
,Out
lay

(
vi)Cease,
Sieze

(
vii
)Car
eer
,Car
ri
er

(
vii
i
)Accul
tur
ate,
Accl
i
mat
ize

4.Tr
ansf
orm anyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
encesi
ntoDi
rect
/Indi
rectFor
m ast
hecasemaybe.

(
i)Hesai
d,"
Don'
topent
hedoor
."

(
ii
)Heof
fer
edt
obr
ingmesomet
ea.

(
ii
i)Hesai
d,"
Thanky
ou!
"

(
iv)Hesai
d,"
Cany
ouswi
m?"andIsai
d,"
No"
.

(
v)Het
oldAsl
am t
ogethi
scoat
.

(
vi)"
IfIwer
eyou,
Iwoul
dwai
t"
,Isai
d.

(
vii
)Heor
der
edt
hepeont
olockt
hedoor
.

(
vii
i
)Hewar
nedmenott
oleav
emycarunl
ockedast
her
ehadbeenl
otofst
eal
i
ngf
rom car
s.
5.Descr
ibet
hemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngf
orei
gnphr
ases.

(
i)Pr
imaf
aci
e

(
ii
)Expostf
act
o

(
ii
i)Fai
taccompl
i

(
iv)Vi
s-a-
vis

(
v)Modusoper
andi

(
vi)Ai
dememoi
re

(
vii
)Lai
ssezf
air
e

(
vii
i
)Aur
evoi
r

6.Expl
ainbr
ief
lyanyTHREEi
nyourownwor
dst
oil
l
ust
rat
ethecent
ral
ideacont
ainedt
her
eini
n
about50wordseach.

(
a)Gi
veev
erymant
hyearbutf
ewt
hyv
oice

(
b)Tor
obPet
ert
opayPaul

(
c)Thechi
l
disf
atheroft
heman.

(
d)Ar
tli
esi
nconceal
i
ngar
t

(
e)Li
fewi
thoutaphi
l
osophyi
sli
keashi
pwi
thoutr
udder
.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

17.YEAR1987

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Thei ncompar ablegi f

tofbr ai n,withi tst r
ulyamazi ngpower sofabst racti
on, hasr endered
obsol etetheslowandsomet imescl umsymechani smsut il
izedbyev ol
ut i
onsof ar.Thankst o
thebr ainalone,man, i
nt hecour seoft hr eegener ationsonl y ,hasconquer edt her ealm ofair,
whilei ttookhundr edsoft housandsofy earsforani mal stoachi evet hesamer esultthrought he
processofev ol
ut i
on.Thankst ot hebr ainal one,ther angeofoursensor yor ganshasbeen
i
ncr easedami l
li
onf old,
f arbey ondt hewi l
destdreams, wehav ebr oughtt hemoonwi thinthirt
y
milesofus, weseet heinf i
nit
elysmal landseet heinf init
elyremot e,weheart hei naudible,we
hav edwar feddistanceandki l
ledphy sical ti
me.Wehav esucceededi nunder standi ngthem
thoroughl y.Wehav eputt oshamet het ediousandt imeconsumi ngmet hodsoft r
ialander ror
usedbyNat ur
e,becauseNat urehasf i
nal lysucceededi npr oducingitsmast erpiecesi nthe
shapeoft hehumanbr ai
n.Butt hegr eatl awsofev ol utionar esti
llactiv
e, event hough
adapt ati
onhasl osti tsimpor tanceasf araswear econcer ned.Wear enowr esponsi blefort he
progressofev olut
ion.Wear ef r
eetodestroyour selvesifwemisunderstandthemeani ngand
thepurposeofourv ictories.Andwear efreet oforgeahead,toprol
ongev ol
uti
on,tocooperat
e
wi t
hGodi fweper ceiv ethemeani ngofitall,i
fwer eal i
zet
hati
tcanonl ybeachievedthrougha
whol e-
heart
edef forttowar dmor alandspirit
ualdev elopment
.Ourfreedom, ofwhichwemaybe
j
ust l
yproud,affordsust hepr oofthatwer epresentt hespear
headofev oluti
on:butiti
supt ous
todemonst rate,bythewayi nwhi chweusei t
,whet herwearereadyyettoassumet he
tremendousr esponsi bil
i
t ywhi chhasbefallenusal mostsuddenly.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

Ther eisasensei nwhi cht heai m ofeducat i

onmustbet hesamei nal lsoci eties.Two
hundr edy ear sf r
om nowt her ewi llbenooneal ivei nthewor l
dwhoi sali
v et oday.Yett hesum
tot
al ofhumanski llandknowl edgewi l
l probablynotbel essthani tistoday .Itwillalmost
certainlybegr eater.Andt hatt hisi ssoi sduei nlar gepar tt
ot heeducat ional processbywhi ch
wepassont oonegener ationwhathasbeenl ear nedandachi ev edbypr ev iousgener ations.The
continui t
yandgr owt hofsoci etyi sobv i
ousl ydependenti nthi
swayuponeducat ion,bothf ormal
andi nfor mal .Ifeachgener at i
onhadt ol earnf oritselfwhathadbeenl ear nedbyi tspredecessor ,
nosor tofi ntell
ectual orsocial dev elopmentwoul dbepossi bleandt hepr esentst ateofsoci ety
woul dbel itt
ledifferentfrom t hesoci etyoft heol dst oneage.Butt hisbasi cai m ofeducat i
oni s
sogener al andsof undament al thatiti shar dlygiv enconsci ousr ecogni tionasaneducat i
onal
purpose.I tisrathert obecl assedast hemosti mpor tantsocial funct i
onofeducat ionandi sa
mat terofi nterestt ot hesociol ogistrat herthant ot heeducat ional theorist .Educat i
ondoest his
j
obi nanysoci etyandt hespeci f
icwayi nwhi chi tdoesi twillvaryf rom onesoci et ytoanot her .
Whenwespeaki ntheor dinarywayaboutt heai msofeducat ion, wear ei nt erestedr atherint he
speci f
icgoal ssetbyt henat ureofsoci etyandt hepur posesofi tsmember s.Theeducat ional
system ofanysoci etyisamor eorl essel abor atesoci almechani sm desi gnedt obr ingabouti n
theper sonssubmi t
tedt oitcer tainski ll
sandat titudest hatarej udgedt obeusef ul anddesi rable
i
nt hesoci ety .

(
a)Howi
sthecont
inui
tyandgr
owt
hofsoci
etydependentuponeducat
ion?

(
b)I
nwhatwayt
heai
msofeducat
ionar
erel
atedwi
thasoci
etyandi
tsmember
s

(
c)Whati
mpor
tancedoest
hewr
it
ergi
vet
otheeducat
ionsy
stem ofasoci
ety
.

3.UseanyFI
VEoft
hefoll
owingpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingt
he
di
ffer
encei
nmeani
ngclear
ly.

(
i)Di
scl
osur
e,Exposur
e

(
ii
)Ri
gor
ous,
Vigor
ous

(
ii
i)Cust
om,
Habi
t

(
iv)Pecul
i
ar,
Par
ti
cul
ar

(
v)Pr
escr
ibe,
Proscr
ibe
(
vi)Acci
dent
,Inci
dent

(
vii
)Choi
ce,
Pref
erence

(
vii
i
)Ascent
,Assent

(
ix)Emi
grant
,Immi
grant

(
x)Cont
inuous,
Cont
inual

4.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Tobackout

(
ii
)Tokeepoutof

(
ii
i)Bangi
nto

(
iv)Tosmel
lar
at

(
v)Tobur
none'
sfi
nger
s

(
vi)Nul
landv
oid

(
vii
)Tocat
chupwi
th

(
vii
i
)Tost
andupf
or

(
ix)Toski
mthr
ough

(
x)Tonar
rowdown

5.Compl
eteanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
encessuppl
yi
ngt
hemi
ssi
ngwor
dorphr
asei
neach.

(
i)Hewander
ed_
___
___
___hehadl
osthi
smoney
.

(
ii
)Hef
atherknewt
hatshe_
___
___
___di
sobeyhi
m.

(
ii
i)WhenAhmedsawmecomehe_
___
___
___
.

(
iv)Don'
ti
magi
ne_
___
___
___y
oucangetaway
.

(
v)Heput
sup_
___
___
___al
mostany
thi
ng.

(
vi)Ihav
eappl
i
ed_
___
___
___anewj
ob.

(
vii
)Herpar
ent
sst
rongl
yobj
ect_
___
___
___hert
rav
ell
i
ngal
one.

(
vii
i
)Assoonast
hepl
anehadr
efuel
ed_
___
___
___
.

(
ix)_
___
___
___y
out
aket
hismedi
cine,
youwi
l
lfeel
bet
ter
.
(
x)Acarwi
thagoodengi
necango_
___
___
___
.

6.Expandt
hei
deacont
ainedi
nanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout150wor
ds.

(
a)Lear
ntowal
kbef
orey
our
un

(
b)Mar
ri
agei
sal
ott
ery

(
c)Successhasmanyf
ri
ends.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

18.YEAR1988

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Thet ouringcompani eshadsetupt hei

rst ages,whenpl ay
ingf ortowns- f
olkandnotf orthe
nobil
it
yint helargeinnyardswher ethecrowdcoul dsitorstandar oundt heplatform andt he
superi
orpat ronscouldseatthemsel vesinthegal l
eri
esout si
det hebedr oomsoft heinn.The
Londont heatresmor eorlessrepr oducedt hissetti
ng,thoughtheywer eusuallyroundorov ali
n
shapeandst agewasmor ethanamer eplatform,hav i
ngentrancesateachsi de,acur tained
i
nnerstageandanupperst ageorbal cony.Fori maginati
vepoeticdramst histypeofst agehad
manyadv antages.Therewasnoscener ytobechanged, thedramat istcouldmov efreelyand
swif
tlyfrom placetoplace.Hav ingonl ywor dsathiscommand, hehadt ousehi simagi nati
on
andcompel hisaudiencetouset heir
s.Thepl aycoul
dmov eatgr eatspeed.Ev enwi thsuch
l
imitedev i
denceaswepossess, i
tisnothar dt obeli
evethattheEl i
zabethanaudi ence,attendi
ng
apoetictragedyorcomedy ,foundi nt het
heat r
eanimagi nat
iveexper i
enceofar ichnessand
i
ntensit
yt hatwecannotdi scov erinourdr ama.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandansweranyTWOquest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

Anot herintellectual effectofalmostal lteaching,exceptt hehighestgr adeofuni versity

tuit
ion, i
st hatitencour agesdoci l
i
t yandt hebel i
efthatdef i
niteanswer sar eknownonquest i
ons
whi char elegitimat emat tersofdebat e.Ir ememberanoccasi onwhenanumberofuswer e
discussi ngwhi chwast hebestofShakespear e'splays.Mostofuswer econcer nedi nadv ancing
argument sforunconv entional opinionsbutacl everyoungman, who, f
rom theel ement ary
school s,hadl atelyr i
sent ot heuni versity,informedus, asaf actofwhi chwewer e
unaccount ablyignor ant ,t
hatHaml etist hebestofShakespear e'
spl ays.Aftert hist hesubj ect
wascl osed.Ev er ycler gymani nAmer i
caknowswhyRomef ell:i
twasowi ngt ot hecor rupti
onof
mor alsdepi ctedbyJuv enal andPet ronius.Thef actthatmor alsbecameexempl ar yaboutt wo
cent ur
iesbef or et hef alloft heWest ernEmpi r
ei sunknownori gnored.Engl i
shchi ldrenar e
taughtonev i
ewoft heFr enchRev olution.Fr enchchi l
drenar etaughtanot her,nei theri strue,but
i
neachcasei twoul dbehi ghlyimpr udentt odisagreewi ththeteacher ,andf ewf eel any
i
ncl i
nationt odoso.Teacher soughtt oencour ageintell
igentdisagreementont hepar toft heir
pupi l
s,ev enur gingt hem t or eadbookshav i
ngopi nionsopposedt ot hoseoft hei nst ructor.Bit
thisissel dom done, wi tht heresultthemucheducat i
onconsi stsinthei nst
ill
ingofunf ounded
dogmasi nplaceofspi ri
tofi nquir
y .Thi sresults,notnecessar il
yf r
om anyf aul tint het eacher,
butfr
om thecur
ri
culum whichdemandst
oomuchappar
entknowl
edge,
wit
haconsequentneed
ofhasteanddef
ini
teness.

(
a)Whati
sthemai
ndef
ectoft
eachi
ng?Descr
ibei
nyourownwor
ds.

(
b)Whatar
ethecausesoft
hei
nst
il
li
ngofunf
oundeddogmasi
nthemi
ndofst
udent
s?

(
c)Br
ief
lydescr
ibet
hemai
npoi
ntspr
esent
edbyt
hewr
it
eroft
hispassage.

3.Wr
it
eanessayofabout200wor
dsonanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Compet
it
ioni
nEducat
ion

(
ii
)Sci
enceandRel
i
gion

(
ii
i)MyVi
ewofLi
fe

4.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsi
nyoursent
ences.

(
i)Ascool
ascucumber

(
ii
)Hav
eyourcakeandeatt
oo

(
ii
i)I
napi
ckl
e

(
iv)Takeacake

(
v)Sel
ll
ikehotcakes

(
vi)Asf
latasapancake

(
vii
)Takesomet
hingwi
thagr
ainofsal
t

(
vii
i
)Li
ket
wopeasi
napod

5.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyoursent
encest
odi
ff
erent
iat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Cust
om,
Habi
t

(
ii
)Def
ace,
Eff
ace

(
ii
i)Di
ff
er,
Def
er

(
iv)Conduct
,Char
act
er

(
v)Consi
der
ate,
Consi
der
abl
e

(
vi)Compl
ement
,Compl
i
ment

(
vii
)Feet
,Feat
(
vii
i
)Fai
r,Far
e

(
ix)Env
iabl
e,Env
ious

6.Tr
ansf
orm anyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
encesi
ntoI
ndi
rectFor
m.

(
i)Theboysai
dtohi
steacher
,"Idonotknowt
heanswer
."

(
ii
)Thebeggarsai
d,Mayy
oul
i
vel
ongandgr
owr
ich.
"

(
ii
i)"
Iti
sver
yhott
oday
",cr
iedt
heboy
s,"
wecannotpl
ay.
"

(
iv)Shesai
d,"
Whataf
inemor
ningi
tis!
"

(
v)Shesai
d,"
Iam nott
ell
i
ngal
i
e."

(
vi)Hesai
d,"
Iwi
l
lcomet
oseey
out
omor
row.
"

(
vii
)Hesai
dtohi
m,"
Ireal
l
yneedy
ourhel
p."

(
vii
i
)Shesai
d,"
Cany
out
ell
mewhatt
het
imei
s?"

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

19.YEAR1989

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Thegr eatestciv il
izationbef oreour swast heGr eek.They ,too, l
ivedi nadanger ouswor ld.
Theyar eal i
ttl
e, highl yciv i
li
zedpeopl e,sur r
oundedbybar bar oust ribesandal way st hr
eat ened
byt hegr eatestAsi anpower ,Persia.Intheendt heysuccumbed, butt hereasont heydi dwasnot
thattheenemi esout sidewer esost rong,butt hatt heirspi r
itual strengt hhadgi venway .Whi le
theyhadi t,t
heykeptGr eeceunconquer ed.Basi ct oallGr eekachi ev ement swasf reedom.The
Atheni answer etheonl yf reepeopl einthewor l
d.I nthegr eatempi resofant i
quity--Egy pt,
Baby l
on, Assy ria,Per sia- -splendi dthought heywer e,wi t
hr ichesandi mmensepower ,f r
eedom
wasunknown.Thei deaofi twasbor ninGr eece, andwi thitGr eecewasabl et oprev ai
l against
allthemanpowerandweal thar r
ay edagai nsther .AtMar athonandatSal amisov er whel ming
number sofPer sianwer edef eatedbysmal lGr eekf orces.Itwaspr ov edtherethatonef r
eeman
wassuper i
ort omanysubmi ssi v
elyobedi entsubj ectsofat y r
ant .AndAt hens, wher efreedom
wast hedear estpossessi on,wast heleaderi nt hoseamazi ngv i
ctor ies.Greecer oset ot hev er
y
height, notbecauseshewasbi g,shewasv erysmal l,notbecauseshewasr i
ch,shewasv er
y
poor ,
notev enbecauseshewaswonder f
ul l
ygi fted.Sodoubt lesswer eothersint hegr eat
empi resoft heanci entwor l
dwhohav egonet heirwayl eavingl itt
lef orus.Sher osebecause
therewasi nt heGr eekst hegr eatestspiritthatmov esinhumani t
y, thespi r
itthatset smenf ree.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

"Teachi
ngmoreevent
hanmostotherpr
ofessions,hasbeentr
ansf
ormedduri
ngthel
ast
hundredyear
sfr
om asmall
,hi
ghl
yski
ll
edprofessionconcernedwi
thaminor
it
yofthe
popul ation,toal ar geandi mpor tantbr anchoft hepubl i
cser vice.Thepr of essionhasagr eat
andhonour abl et r
adi ti
on, extendi ngf rom t hedawnofhi storyunt i
lrecentt imes, butanyt eacher
i
nt hemoder nwor ldwhoal lowshi msel ftobei nspi r
edbyt heidealsofhi spr edecessor si slikely
tobemadeshar plyawar ethatt i i
snothi sfunct i
ont ot eachwhathet hi nks, butt oinsti
llsuch
beli
ef sandpr ejudi cesasar et houghtusef ul byhi sempl oy er
s.Inf ormerday sat eacherwas
expect edt obeamanofexcept ional knowl edgeorwi sdom, towhosewor dsmenwoul ddowel l
toat t
end.I nant iqui t
y, t
eacher swer enotanor gani zedpr ofession,andnocont rol wasexer cised
overwhatt heyt aught .Itistruet hatt heywer eof t enpuni shedaf terwar dsf ort heirsubv er
siv e
doct r
ines.Socr at eswasputt odeat handPl atoi ssai dt ohav ebeent hrowni ntopr ison,butsuch
i
ncident sdi dnoti nterferewi ththespr eadoft hei rdoct rines.Anymanwhohast hegenui ne
i
mpul seoft het eacherwi l
lbemor eanxi oust osur vi
vei nhi sbookst hani nthef lesh.Af eelingof
i
ntellectual independencei sessent ialtot hepr operf ulfill
mentoft het eacher 'sfunct i
ons, sinceit
i
shi sbusi nesst oi nstil
lwhathecanofknowl edgeandr easonabl enessi ntot hepr ocessof
for
mi ngpubl i
copi nion.I nourmor ehi ghl yor gani zedwor l
dwef aceanewpr oblem.Somet hing
call
ededucat ioni sgi vent oev erybody , usual lybyt heSt atethet eacherhast husbecome, int he
vastmaj orityofcases, acivi
l serv antobl igedt ocar r
youtt hebehest sofmenwhohav enothi s
l
ear ning, whohav enoexper ienceofdeal i
ngwi tht hey oung, andwhoseonl yattit
udet owar ds
educat ioni st hatoft hepr opagandi st".

(
a)Whatchangehasoccur
redi
nthepr
ofessi
onoft
eachi
ngdur
ingt
hel
asthundr
edy
ear
s?

(
b)Whatdoy
ouconsi
dert
obet
hebasi
cfunct
ionsofat
eacher
?

(
c)Whathandi
capsdoesamoder
nteacherf
aceascompar
edt
othet
eacher
sint
heol
denday
s?

3.UseanyFI
VEoft
hefoll
owingpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ffer
encei
nmeani
ngclear
ly.

(
i)Col
l
isi
on,
Col
l
usi
on

(
ii
)Ver
bal
,Ver
bose

(
ii
i)Faci
l
itat
e,Fel
i
cit
ate

(
iv)Consci
ous,
Consci
ent
ious

(
v)Wav
e,Wai
ve

(
vi)Wr
eck,
Wreak

(
vii
)Vi
rt
ual
,Vi
rt
uous

(
vii
i
)Fl
att
er,
Flut
ter

(
ix)Def
erence,
Dif
fer
ence

(
x)Humi
l
ity
,Humi
l
iat
ion
4.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Accountf
or

(
ii
)Car
rywei
ght

(
ii
i)Tof
all
backupon

(
iv)Tobet
akenaback

(
v)Awi
l
dgoosechase

(
vi)Byl
eapsandbounds

(
vii
)Ascool
asacucumber

(
vii
i
)Tobur
nmi
dni
ghtoi
l

5.Giv
enbel
owareanumberofkey
-words.Sel
ectanyf
iveandi
ndi
cat
ethewor
dorphr
asey
ou
bel
ievei
snear
esti
nmeani
ngtothekeywor d.

(
i)Foi
ble:
(wi
tt
yref
orm,
pet
tyl
i
e,per
sonal
weakness)

(
ii
)Pr
emi
se:
(assumpt
ion,
out
li
ne,
commi
tment
)

(
ii
i)Sacr
osanct
:(peacef
ul,
sacr
ed,
mundane,
pai
nful
)

(
iv)Cal
umny
:(mi
sfor
tune,
prai
sed,
qui
etness,
slander
)

(
v)Vi
abl
e:(
credi
ble,
quest
ionabl
e,wor
kabl
e,v
ital
)

(
vi)Decor
um:
(st
yleofdecor
ati
on,
innocence,
soci
alconf
ormi
ty,
modest
ly)

(
vii
)Touchst
one:
(goal
post
,wor
rybead,
magi
cjewel
,st
andar
dorcr
it
eri
on)

(
vii
i
)Sheepi
sh(
embar
rassed,
conf
ormi
ng,
cowar
dly
,unf
ort
unat
e)

6.Expandt
hei
deacont
ainedi
nanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout150wor
ds.

(
a)I
fwi
ntercomes,
canspr
ingbef
arbehi
nd

(
b)Sl
owandst
eadywi
nst
her
ace

(
c)Et
ernal
vigi
l
ancei
sthepr
iceofl
i
ber
ty

(
d)Mandoesnotl
i
vebyt
hebr
eadal
one

(
e)Ful
lmanyaf
lower
sisbor
ntobl
ushunseenandwast
eit
ssweet
nessont
hedeser
tai
r.

(
f)For
eignAi
d--
-Isi
tabl
essi
ngoracur
se?
Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

20.YEAR1990

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

NotalltherulerssignedtheInstrumentofAccessi onatonce.Af r
aidthattheSoci al
ist
CongressPartywoul dstri
phim ofhi samusement s,
flyi
ng,dancinggi
rlsandconj ur
ingdelights
whichhehadonl yj
ustbegunt oindul gesincehehadonl yrecentl
ysucceededhi sfathertothe
thr
one,theyoungMahar aj
ahofJodhpurar r
angedameet i
ngwi t
hJinnah.Jinnahwasawar ethat
bothHindumaj orit
yandgeogr aphical l
ocationmeantthatmostoft hePrincelystateswoul dgo
toIndi
a,buthewasgr ati
fi
edbyt het houghtt hathemightbeabletosnatchoneort wof r
om
underPatel'
snose.Hegav eJodhpurabl anksheetofpaper .

"
Wri
tey
ourcondi
ti
onsont
hat
"hesai
d,"
andI
'
llsi
gni
t.
"

El
at ed,theMahar ajahret
urnedtohishoteltoconsi der
.Itwasanunf or t
unat emov eonhi s
part,forV. P.Menonwast her
ewai t
ingforhi
m.Menon' sagent shadal ert
edhi mtowhatJodhpur
wasupt o.Het oldt hey oungrulert
hathispresencewasr equestedur gentlyatav iceroy '
sHouse,
andr eluctantl
yt hey oungmanaccompani edhimt here.Theur gentsummonshadbeenan
excuse, andoncet heyhadar riv
ed,Menonhadt ogoonaf r
anticsearchf orVi cer
oy ,
andt el
lhi
m
whathadhappened.Mount batt
enrespondedimmedi atel
y.Hesol emnl yremi ndedJodhpurt hat
Jinnahcoul dnotguar anteeandconditi
onshemi ghtmake, andthataccessi ont oPaki stan
wouldspel ldi
sast erf orhisstat
e.Atthesamet ime, heassur edhimthataccessi ont oI ndia
wouldf l
outaut omat i
callymeanendofhi spleasure.Mount battenlef
thi m alonewi thMenont o
si
gnapr ovisi
onal agr eement.

2.Readt
hefoll
owingpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyFOURquest
ionsgi
venatt
heendas
bri
efl
yaspossi
ble.

Mount battenwast aki nghi sf ami lyt oShi mlat osnat chaf ewday s'rest .Hehadbr oughtwi th
him acopyoft heDr aftPl anf ort het ransf erofpower( whi chhehadsentt oLondonfor
approval )
.Menonhadcomeupandt heywer eexpect i
ngNehr ufortheweekend.Mount batten
wasdel ightedthatEdwi na( hiswi fe)andJawahar lalhadt akent oeachot hersomuch.I tcould
nothelphi swor k,andi tseemedt odot hem bot hsomuchgood.Nehr uhi mselfhadbeeni nfine
form.Mi evill
eandGeor geNi colas( Pr i
ncipal Secret arytot heVi ceroyandDeput yPersonal
secret
ar ytot heViceroyr espect iv ely)hadshownsomedi smayatVi cer oy '
sopennesswi t
ht he
Indi
anl eaderbutMount battenchoset oignoret hem.Despi tehiscont inui ngopti
mi sm forthe
Plan,Menon' scont enti
ont hatitwoul dbewel l
recei vedbyt heCongr esshadgi venhim mor e
thanusual pauseforthought .Af terdi nneronSat ur dayni ght,hei nvi
tedNehr uintheVi ceregal
Lodgef orani ghtcap.TheVi cer oyhandedNehr uhi sdrink, andt henqui tesuddenl ycrossedt he
room tot hesaf eandunl ockedi t, takingoutt heDr aftPlanhandedhi mt hepaper s(gi
v i
ngf ree
runhisi nsti
nctwhat evert her esul t).Nehr utookt heDr aftPl aneager l
yandsatdownwi t
hi t
,
i
mmer singhi mselfinitimmedi at el y.Mount batt
enwat chedhi m.TheI ndi anhadst oppedr eading
thePlan, andwasr i
ffl
ingangr il
yt hr ought hef i
nal pages.Hi sf acewasdr awnandpal e.
Mount battenwasshaken.Hehadnev erseenNehr usof urious.Nehr umadeanef for
ttocont rol
hi
msel f
.'Iwill
t r
ytosummar izemyt houghtstonightandl eaveyouanot eofmyobj ections.This
muchIcant el
l younow.Congr esswil
lneveragreet oplanofI ndi
a'
sf ragment at
ioni nt
oahost
ofli
tt
lestates'.Thefoll
owi ngday ,t
heViceroysatont hesecludedr earterraceofVicer egal
Lodgewhi l
eV. P.Menonr eadov erNehru'
spromi sememor andum ofobj ecti
ons.'Mr .Nehr uonly
questi
onscer tainSecti
onoft hePlan'
,sai
dMenon.' Yes- -thekeynot es!'
snappedMount batten.
'
Lookwehav et oredraf
tandr esubmitimmediately,
--inthelightofhiscomment s.Cany oudo
i
t?''
Verywel l
,YourExcellency '
,sai
dMenon.. .
.Iwanti t(thefreshdraft)bysixO'clockt his
eveni
ng'.

(a)HowdidLor
dMount
bat
tenv
iewt
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenhi
swi
fe,
LadyEdwi
naand
Jawahar
lal
aNehru?

(b)Howdi
dtheof
fi
cersonthestaffofLor
dMount
bat
tenv
iewhi
scl
oser
elat
ionshi
pwi
thNehr
u
andwhatwasMount
batten'
sreact
iontoit
?

(
c)Whydi
dLor
dMount
bat
tenshowt
heDr
aftPl
att
oNehr
u?

(d)DidLor
dMountbat
tenshowtheDraf
tPl
att
oQuai
d-e-
Azam?I
fnot
,whatwi
l
ltheshowi
ngof
secretDr
aftPl
ant
oNehrualonewil
lbecal
l
ed?

(
e)Whatmot
ivat
edt
hedr
awi
ngupofaf
reshPl
anf
ort
ransf
erofpower
?

(
f)Wi
thi
nwhatt
imewast
hef
reshpl
anpr
epar
edandbywhom?

(
g)Wastheper
sonwhodr ewupthefr
eshplan,
underor
dersofMount
bat
ten,
aneut
ral
and
i
mpar
ti
alper
son,notconnect
edwit
hanyIndi
ancommunity
?

3.Makesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFOURoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Whi
teel
ephant

(
ii
)Bl
uebl
ood

(
ii
i)Cl
eanset
heAugeanst
abl
e

(
iv)Appl
eofdi
scor
d

(
v)I
ngoodbooks

(
vi)Bet
weent
hedev
ilandt
hedeepsea

(
vii
)St
arei
nthef
ace

(
vii
i
)Makeof
fwi
th

4.UseanyTHREEoft
hefol
lowi
ngset
sofwor
dsi
nsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutcl
ear
lyt
he
di
ffer
encei
nthei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Adept
,Adopt
,Adapt
(
ii
)Al
l
eged,
Accused,
Suspect
ed

(
ii
i)Bear
,Bor
ne,
Bor
n

(
iv)Rai
se,
Rise,
Raze

(
v)Smel
l
,St
ink,
Scent

(
vi)Least
,Less,
Lest

(
vii
)Qui
et,
Qui
t,Qui
te

(
vii
i
)Thei
r,Ther
e,They
'r
e

5.Gi
venbelowar eanumberofkeywords.Sel
ectanyTHREEandi
ndi
cat
ethewor
dorphr
ase
youbel
iev
ei snearesti
nmeani
ngtothekeywor d.

(
i)Domest
icat
e:(
tot
urnnat
ive,
beexcl
usi
ve,
cutcl
aws,
tame)

(
ii
)Ant
ics:
(expect
ati
on,
temper
,st
ri
nggames,
absur
dbehav
iour
)

(
ii
i)Recapi
tul
ate:
(tosur
render
,indeci
siv
e,summar
ize,
ret
ract
)

(
iv)Hy
pot
het
ical
:(phi
l
osophi
cal
,tr
uce,
assumed,
vol
ati
l
e)

(
v)Dat
a:(
ideas,
bel
i
ef,
poi
ntofor
igi
n,i
nfor
mat
ion)

(
vi)Er
a:(
adi
sast
er,
cycl
e,per
iodofhi
stor
y,cur
iousev
ent
)

(
vii
)Tr
ait
:(anar
rowencl
osur
e,st
rongpoi
nt,
dist
ingui
shi
ngf
eat
ure,
foot
pri
nt)

6.Dev
elopt
hei
deacont
ainedi
nanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout150wor
ds.

(
a)At
hingofbeaut
yisaj
oyf
orev
er

(
b)Cowar
dsdi
emanydi
mesbef
oret
hei
rdeat
h

(
c)I
nmat
ter
sofconsci
ence,
thel
awofmaj
ori
tyhasnopl
ace

(
d)Hear
dmel
odi
esar
esweet
,butt
hoseunhear
dar
esweet
er

(
e)Uni
ty,
Fai
th,
Disci
pli
ne

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

21.YEAR1991

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

General
ly,
Eur
opeant
rai
nssti
llst
opatbor der
stochangelocomot
ivesandstaf
f.Thi
sisof
ten
necessar
y.TheGer
manandFrenchv ol
tagesyst
emsareincompati
ble.Spai
n--t
houghnot
Portugal-
-hasabr oadgauget r
ack.Engli
shbridgesarelowert hanel
sewher e,andpassengers
onGer mant r
ainswouldneedal addertoreachFrenchplat f
orms,twi
ceashi ghast heirown.But
thosephysicalconstr
aintspaleincompar i
sont oanevenmor eformi
dablebar r
ier--nati
onal
chauvini
sm.Whi leoff
icial
sinBr ussel
sstri
veforanintegratedandeffi
cientl
yrunr ailnet
workto
rel
ievetheCont i
nent'
sgorgedr oadsandai r
way s,
andcutdownonpol luti
on,threemember
countri
es--France,GermanyandI t
aly-
-arewor ki
ngfeverishlyt
odeveloptheirownexpensi ve
andmut uall
yincompat i
blehigh-speedtr
ains.

2.Readthef
oll
owingpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendasbr
ief
lyaspossi
ble
(i
nto2li
neseach)

"HeadsofGov ernmentat tendingt heLondoneconomi csummi twill

havenoexcusesi fthey
fai
ltocurbt helevelofarmsexpor ts.Anewdef i
nitiv
est udybyt heInternat
ional Monet aryFund,
notgeneral l
yknownf oritsli
ber alviews,makesi tpl ainthathighlevelsofarmsspendi ngi n
somedev elopingcount ri
eshav eretardedsoci alprogrammes, economi cdev elopmentpr ojects
andthepr ivatesect or,t
helatterbei ngani ssuewi thwhi cht hesevenr i
chestmar keteconomi es
canidentify.TheI MF, however ,pi
cksout10, consi stentof f
endersamongdev elopingcount ries
whichspendmor et han15per centoft heirODPont hemi li
tar
y.Theyar e:I
srael, Angola,Oman,
Yemen, Jor dan,Saudi aArabia,Syria,Egy ptandLi bya.Empl oyingsomeunusual l
yf orceful
l
anguaget heFundsay s,Highl evelsofmi l
it
aryexpendi t
urecertai
nlyledtolowgr owthand
domesticeconomi chardshipinsomecount r
iesbydi vert
ingfundf r
om social progr ammes,
economi cdev elopmentpr ojectsandt hepr i
vatesect or."

Thestudyposesacoupleofotherseri
ousprobl
emsforthesummi t
ter
s.Itshowsfor
i
nstance,
thatmili
tar
yexpendi
tur
eisverysensi
ti
vetofi
nanci
alconst
raint
s.Thusifcount
ri
esar
e
depri
vedofresour
cesthentheyar
eforcedtocutbackonarmaments.

(
i)Whatar
etheheadsofGov
ernmentdoi
ngatt
hesummi
t?

(
ii
)Whatar
ethef
indi
ngsoft
henewst
udy
?

(
ii
i)Howdoesmi
l
itar
yexpendi
tur
eaf
fectdomest
iceconomyofacount
ryandi
nwhatway
s?

(
iv)Whati
sther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenmi
l
itar
yspendi
ngandeconomi
cgr
owt
h?

(
v)Howi
smi
l
itar
yexpendi
tur
erel
atedt
oresour
ces?

3.UseanyFIVEofthef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encesdemonst
rat
ingdi
ff
erence
i
ntheirmeaning.

(
i)Access,
Excess

(
ii
)Ascent
,Accent

(
ii
i)Resour
ces,
Recour
se

(
iv)Whet
her
,Weat
her
(
v)Pr
emi
er,
Premi
ere

(
vi)I
ngeni
ous,
Ingenuous

(
vii
)Fel
i
cit
ate,
Faci
l
itat
e

(
vii
i
)Consci
ous,
Consci
ent
ious

(
ix)Di
sease,
Decease

4.Foreachoft
hephr
asesatthel
eft
,wr
it
einyouranswerbookt
hewor
dcl
osesti
nmeani
ngt
o
thephrasef
rom t
hef
ourwordsgi
venonther
ight
.

(
i)Cl
earaway
:(cl
ean,
empt
y,r
emov
ed,
fini
sh)

(
ii
)Br
eakdown:
(col
l
apse,
ent
er,
cutof
f,begi
n)

(
ii
i)Keepup:
(rest
rai
n,cont
rol
,cont
inue,
mai
ntai
n)

(
iv)Tur
nout
:(r
efuse,
star
t,pr
oduced,
arr
ive)

(
v)Seeov
er:
(exami
ne,
repai
r,di
scov
ered,
inqui
re)

5.Makesent
encesf
oranyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
oil
l
ust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Damocl
es'
swor
d

(
ii
)Ev
eryi
nch

(
ii
i)Spadeaspade

(
iv)Ont
hesky

(
v)Pal
m of
f

(
vi)Li
pser
vice

(
vii
)At
urncoat

(
vii
i
)Awi
l
dgoosechase

6.Wr
it
eanot
eofabout120wor
dsonanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
deas.

(
i)Whatcan'
tbecur
edmustbeendur
ed

(
ii
)Abeei
none'
sbonnet

(
ii
i)Makeav
irt
ueofnecessi
ty

(
iv)Ar
edr
agt
oabul
l
Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

22.YEAR1992

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Throughoutt heagesofhumandev elopmentmenhav ebeensubj ectt omi seri

esoft woki nds:
thosei mposedbyext ernal nature,and, thoset hathumanbei ngsmi sgui dedl yi nfl
ictedupon
eachot her.Atf i
rst,byf art hewor stev il
swer et hoset hatwer eduet ot heenv ironment .Manwas
ar arespeci es,whosesur vivalwaspr ecar i
ous.Wi t
houtt heagi l
ityoft hemonkey ,withoutany
coat i
ngoff ur,
hehasdi f
ficul t
yinescapi ngf r
om wi ldbeast s,andi nmostpar tsoft hewor l
d
coul dnotendur et hewi nt er'scold.Hehadonl ytwobi ological adv antages: theupr ightpost ure
freedhi shands, andi ntelligenceenabl edhi mt ot ransmi texper ience.Gr adual lytheset wo
adv antagesgav ehi m supr emacy .Thenumber soft hehumanspeci esi ncreasedbey ondt hose
ofanyot herlargemammal s.Butnat ur ecouldst illasser therpowerbymeansoff l
oodand
fami neandpest i
lenceandbyexact ingf rom thegr eatmaj or it
yofmanki ndi ncessantt oili
nt he
secur i
ngofdai lybr ead.Inourowndayourbondaget oext ernal natur eisf astdi minishi ng, asa
resultoft hegr owt hofsci ent i
fi
ci ntelligence.Fami nesandpest i
lencest i
lloccur ,butweknow
bet t
er,yearbyy ear ,whatshoul dbedonet opr eventt hem.Har dwor ki sst il
l necessar y,butonl y
becausewear eunwi se:gi venpeaceandco- oper ation, wecoul dsubsi stonav erymoder ate
amountoft oil
.Wi thexi stingt echni que, wecan, whenev erwechooset oexer cisewi sdom, be
freeofmanyanci entf ormsofbondaget oexternal nat ure.Butt heev ilst hatmeni nflictupon
eachot herhav enotdi mi nishedi nt hesamedegr ee.Ther ear est il
lwar s, oppr essions, and
hideouscr uelt
ies, andgr eedymenst il
l snatchweal thf rom t hosewhoar el essski ll
ful orless
ruthlesst hanthemsel ves.Lov eofpowerst i
llleadst ov astt yrannies, orotmer eobst ruct i
on
wheni t
sgr osserf ormsar ei mpossi bl e.Andf eardeepscar celyconsci ousf ear- -isst il
lthe
domi nantmot ivei nv erymanyl i
ves.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heend.

"Mor alselfcontrol
,andext ernalprohibi t
ionofharmf ulacts, arenotadequat emet hodsof
deali
ngwi thouranar chici
nstincts.Ther easont heyareinadequat eisthatt hesei nstinctsare
capableofmanydi sguisesast heDev i
linmedi evall
egend, andsomeoft hesedi sguises
deceiveev entheelect.Theonl yadequat emet hodist odiscov erwhatar etheneedsofour
i
nst i
nctiv
enat ure,
andt hentosear chf ort heleasthar mfulwayofsat i
sfyingt hem.Si nce
spontaneityiswhati smostt hwar t
edbymachi nes,t
heonl ythingt hatcanbepr ovidedi s
opportunity,
theusemadeofoppor tunitymustbel efttothei ni
tiativ
eoft hei ndividual.Not
doubt,considerableexpensewoul dbei nv olvedbutitwoul dnotbecompar abletot heexpense
ofwar .Understandingofhumannat uremustbet hebasisofanyr ealimpr ovementi nhumanl if
e.
Sciencehasdonewonder sinmast eri
ngt helawsoft hephy sical world,butourownnat urei
s
muchl essunder stood,asyet, t
hant henat ureofstarsandel ect r
ons.Whensci encel ear nst
o
understandhumannat ure,i
twi llbeabl et obringhappinessi ntoourl iveswhi chmachi nesand
thephy si
calsciencehav efai
ledt ocr eate."

(
a)Whyar
emor
alsel
f-
cont
rol
,andext
ernal
prohi
bit
ioni
nadequat
etodeal
wit
hournar
chi
c
i
nst
inct
s?

(
b)Whati
stheadequat
emet
hodofanar
chi
cinst
inct
s?

(
c)Whatshoul
dbet
hebasi
sofanyr
eal
impr
ovementi
nhumanl
i
fe?

(
d)Howcansci
encehel
phumani
tyt
oachi
evehappi
ness?

3.UseanyFI
VEofthefoll
owingpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ffer
encei
nthei
rmeaning.

(
i)Assent
,Ascent

(
ii
)Bal
l
ot,
Bal
l
et

(
ii
i)Cor
ps,
Cor
pse

(
iv)Due,
Dew

(
v)Dai
ry,
Dai
ry

(
vi)Moment
ary
,Moment
ous

(
vii
)Rout
e,Rout

(
vii
i
)Vei
l
,Val
e

4.Fr
amesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Bet
weent
hedev
ilandt
hedeepsea

(
ii
)Awi
l
dgoosechase

(
ii
i)Ov
erheadandear
s

(
iv)Ti
meandt
ide

(
v)Tol
i
vef
rom handt
omout
h

(
vi)Tobeataboutt
hebush

(
vii
)Tof
ishi
ntr
oubl
edwat
ers

(
vii
i
)Abi
rd'
sey
evi
ew

5.Gi
venbel
owar
eanumberofkeywor
ds.Sel
ectanyFI
VEandi
ndi
cat
ethewor
dyoubel
i
evei
s
near
esti
nmeani
ngt
othekeyword.

(
i)Per
tur
b:(
toupset
,tocausedoubt
,tobur
den,
tot
est
)

(
ii
)Wr
y:(
twi
sted,
sad,
wit
ty,
suf
fer
ing)
(
ii
i)Fer
ret
:(t
osear
ch,
tot
rap,
tohi
de,
tof
lee)

(
iv)Pal
l
id:
(weak,
pal
e,dul
l
,scar
ed)

(
v)I
ntr
epi
d:(
fear
less,
cowar
dly
,dul
l
,fool
har
dy)

(
vi)Repr
isal
:(sur
pri
se,
awar
d,r
evi
sion,
ret
ali
ati
on)

(
vii
)Vi
abl
e:(
wav
eri
ng,
div
ided,
capabl
eofl
i
ving,
fadi
ng)

(
vii
i
)Resur
gent
:(r
evol
uti
onar
y,f
ert
il
e,r
isi
ngagai
n,f
adi
ng)

6.Expandt
hei
deacont
ainedi
nanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout200wor
ds.

(
i)Uneasyl
i
est
hehead,
thatwear
sacr
own

(
ii
)Ifwi
ntercomes,
canspr
ingbef
arbehi
nd

(
ii
i)Manki
ndi
sanabst
ract
ion,
mani
sar
eal
i
ty

(
iv)ThePr
essandt
heNat
ionr
iseandf
all
toget
her

(
v)Env
ironment
alpol
l
uti
on-
--agl
obal
probl
em

(
vi)Popul
ati
onexpl
osi
on

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

23.YEAR1993

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Thebestai dt ogi vei

si ntellectual aid,agi ftofusefulknowledge.Agi f
tofknowl edgei s
i
nf i
nitel
ypreferablet oagi f
tofmat erialthings.Ther earemanyr easonsf orthis.Not hing
becomest r
ulyone' sownont hebasi sofsomegenui neeffor
torsacr if
ice.Agi ftofmat eri
al
goodscanbeappr opri
atedbyt her eci pi
entwi t
houtef f
ortorsacrif
ice;itthereforer arely
becomeshi sownandi salltoof r
equent l
yandeasi l
yt r
eatedasamer ewi ndfall
.Agi ftof
i
nt el
lectualgoods, agiftofknowl edge, i
sav erydif
ferentmat t
er.Wi t
houtagenui neef fortof
appropr i
ati
onont hepar tofther ecipientt hereisnogi ft
.Toappr opriatethegi ftandt omakei t
one'sowni st hesamet hing, and' neithermot hnorr ustdothcorrupt'
.Thegi f
tofmat erialgoods
makespeopl edependent ,butt hegi ftofknowl edgemakest hem free.Thegi ftofknowl edge
alsohasf armor el asti
ngef fect sandi sfarmor ecloselyrel
evanttot heconceptof
'
dev elopment'.Giveamanaf ish, ast hesay inggoes, andy ouarehel pi
nghi m al itt
lebi tfora
veryshor tt
ime, teachhi mt heactoff ishing,andhecanhel phimsel fallhisli
fe.Fur ther ,i
fyou
teachhi mtomakehi sownf ishingnet ,youhav ehelpedhimt obecomenotonl ysel f
-suppor ti
ng,
butal soself-
rel
iantandi ndependentmanandbusi nessman.

Thi
s,t
henshouldbecometheever
-i
ncr
easi
ngpreoccupat
ionofai
d-pr
ogrammest omake
menself
-r
eli
antandi
ndependentbyt
hegener
oussupplyoftheappr
opri
ateint
ell
ect
ualgi
ft
s,
gif
tsofrelevantknowledgeonthemet hodsofsel f
-help.Thisappr oach,i
ncidental
l
y,hasal
so
theadvantageofbeingr el
ati
vel
ycheap, ofmakingmoneygoal ongway .ForPOUNDS100/ -y
ou
maybeabl etoequiponemanwi thcertainmeansofpr oduction,butforthesamemoneyy ou
maywel lbeablet oteachahundredment oequipthemsel ves.Perhapsal i
ttl
e'pump-pr
iming'by
wayofmat er
ialgoodswi l
li
nsomecasesbehel pfultospeedt heprocessofdev el
opment.(E.
F.
Schumacher )

2.Readt
hefol
lowi
ngpassageandanswerthequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds
wit
houtl
i
fti
ngsent
encesfr
om thegi
ventext
.

Recent l
ythemassmedi a,
formerl
ysubservi
enttothemedi
cal pr
ofession,havebecome
i
ncr easinglyr
esti
veandoccasional
l
yhosti
le.InGermany,
inpart
icular
,thenewspapersand
tel
ev i
sionhav egi
venagreatdealofti
meandspacet othecomplaintsagainstthemedical
profession.InBri
tai
nonBBCr adioandtel
evisi
on,t
hemedicalpr
acticeshav ecomeundershar
p
andaggr essi
vecri
ti
cism.

I
sthi
sant agonism totheprofessi
onjustifi
ed?Andifso,why?Ihav etr
iedtoanswerthat
questi
onbyl ookingatthewayi tdeal
swi thsomeoft hediseasesofourci vil
i
zati
on,i
ncludi
ng
themostlethal,heart
-att
acksandcancer .Ifwhatemergesinani ndictmentoftheprofessi
on,
thenIwouldr ebutthechargethatIam anti-doct
or.Montai
gnesai d,"Ihonourphysi
ciansnotf
or
theservi
cesbutf orthemselves.
"Thatgoesf ormetoo.(Br
ianInglis)

(
a)Whatdoy
ouunder
standbymassmedi
a?

(
b)Whati
sBr
ianI
ngl
i
sst
ancet
owar
dst
hemedi
cal
prof
essi
on?

(
c)Whati
sal
ethal
disease?

(
d)I
sther
ear
adi
cal
changei
nthepr
esent
ati
onoft
hear
tofheal
i
ngbyt
hemassmedi
a?

3.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dssoast
obr
ingoutt
hedi
ff
erencei
nthei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Queue,
Cue

(
ii
)Di
ff
er,
Def
er

(
ii
i)Consci
ous,
Consci
ence

(
iv)Conf
idant
,Conf
idant
e

(
v)At
hei
st,
Agnost
ic

(
vi)Loose,
Lose

(
vii
)Br
ief
ing,
Debr
ief
ing

(
vii
i
)Dual
,Duel

(
ix)Compl
ement
,Compl
i
ment
4.I
ndi
cat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Br
ag

(
ii
)Ant
iquar
ian

(
ii
i)I
nput

(
iv)Pr
odi
gal

(
v)Bi
bli
ophi
l
e

(
vi)Nost
algi
a

(
vii
)Out
put

(
vii
i
)Feedback

(
ix)Agr
ari
an

5.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nyoursent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rexactmeani
ngs.

(
i)Pl
ayt
ruant

(
ii
)Pl
aydown

(
ii
i)Tur
ntur
tl
e

(
iv)Tur
nthecor
ner

(
v)Af
airweat
herf
ri
end

(
vi)Underacl
oud

(
vii
)Bur
none'
sboat
s

(
vii
i
)Hor
set
radi
ng

6.CommentonanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout200wor
ds.

(
i)Toer
rishuman,
tof
orgi
vedi
vi
ne

(
ii
)Thechi
l
disf
atheroft
heman

(
ii
i)Godhel
pst
hosewhohel
pthemsel
ves

(
iv)Beggar
sar
enotchooser
s

(
v)Handsomei
sonewhohandsomedoes

(
vi)Thei
mpossi
blei
sof
tent
heunt
ri
ed
(
vii
)Manhashi
swi
l
landwomanherway

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

24.YEAR1994

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout125wor
dsandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

"Educati
ondoesnotdev elopautonomously:
itt
endstobeami rr
orofsocietyandi sseldom
atthecutt
ingedgeofsoci alchange.Iti
sretr
ospecti
ve,
evenconservati
ve,si
nceitteachest he
youngwhatot hershaveex peri
encesanddiscover
edabouttheworld.Thefutur
eofeducat i
on
wil
lbeshapednotbyeducat ors,bybychangesindemography,t
echnologyandthef amily
.Its
ends--topreparestudent
st oliveandworkinthei
rsoci
ety--ar
eli
kelytoremainstable,butits
meansar eli
kelytochangedr amatical
ly
."

"School s, coll
egesanduni versit
ieswi llber edefinedi nf undament alway s:whoi seducat ed,
howt heyar eeducat ed,wher etheyar eeducat ed-al lareduef orupheav al.Butthei rprimary
responsi bilitywil
l bemucht hesameasi tisnow: tot eachknowl edgeofl anguages, science,
histor y,gov ernment ,economi cs,geogr aphy ,mat hemat icsandt hear ts,aswel last heski l
l
necessar yt ounder standt oday '
spr obl emsandt ousei tst echnologi es.I nt hedecadesahead,
ther ewi l
lbeasol idconsensust hat ,
AsHor aceMann, anAmer i
caneducat or
,wr otei n1846,
"I
nt ell
igencei sprimar yi
ngr edientint heweal thofnat i
ons."I nrecogni ti
onoft hepoweroft his
i
dea, educat i
onwi ll
bedi rectedpur posef ullyt odev elopi ntel l
igenceasav i
talnational
resour ces. ""Evenasnat ionsr ecogni zet hev alueofeducat ioni ncr eatinghumancapi t
al,t
he
i
nst itutionst hatprov i
deeducat ionwi l
lcomeunderi ncreasi ngst rain.St atesy stemsof
educat ionmaynotsur vivedemogr aphi candt echnol ogical change.Pol i
ticalupheav alsin
unst abl er egionsandt hecaseofi nternat i
onal tr
av el willensur east eadyf lowofi mmi grants,
l
egal andi llegal
,from poornat i
onst or ichones.Ast idesofi mmi gr ationsweepacr osst herich
wor ld, ther eceivingnat i
onshav eachoi ce: theycanassi mi latethenewcomer st ot hehome
cultur e,ort heycanexpectapr oli
ferationofcul t
ureswi thint heirbor der s.Ear l
ythi scent ury
,
statesy stemsassi milat
ednewcomer sandt aughtt hem howt ofitin.Todaysoci al science
frownsonassi milati
on,seei ngi tasaf orm ofcul tural coer cion,sost atesy st
emsofeducat ion
arel i
kel yt oeschewcul turalimposi ti
on.I nef fect,thest at eschool smayencour aget r
endst hat
raisedoubt saboutt hepur poseornecessi tyofast atesy st em ofeducat ion.(DianeRav ieh)

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

"
Piecingt ogetherthest oryofhumanev ol
uti
onisnoeasyt ask.Theanthropologi
stRichar
d
Leakyhasi denti
fiedfourkeyst epsinourevol
uti
onf r
om theearli
esthominidtomoder nhumans.
Fi
rst,theoccur renceofbi nedil
ism between10and4mi ll
i
ony earsago.Thent heevolut
ionof
Homo, withitslargebrainandcapaci tytomakestonetools--t
heearli
estexampl esofwhichar
e
2.5mi l
li
ony ear
sol d.Next, t
heevoluti
onofHemoer ectsalmost2mi l
li
ony earsago,fol
lowedby
i
tmi grati
onoutofAf r
icaintoEurasia.Andfi
nal
lyt
heappear anceofmoder nhumanl essthan
150000y earsago. "

"
Thr
ought
he10mi
l
li
ony
ear
sofhumanev
olut
ion,
theEar
th'
scl
i
mat
ehaschanged
considerabl
y.Duri
ngt heper i
odt hatMichaelSarrnt hi
esofKi ehast hethe" GoldenEr a"--upto3
mill
ionyearsago--t hewor l
dwasmuchwar mert hanitisnow.Thencondi tionsst ar
tedt o
deteri
orate,
andther ewasagr adualbuil
d-upofi ceatt hepol es.Around2.6mi ll
i
ony earsago
thecli
mat ebecamecy cl
ical :i
ceageschar acteri
zedbyhugei cesheetscov eringmuchofNor th
Amer i
canandnor t
her nEur opewer efol
lowedbyi nter-
glacial,whenconditi
onswer ecompar abl
e
tothoseweseet oday .Elizabet hVrbaofYaleUni versi
ty,oneoft hemostv igor ousproponents
oftheideaofpunct uatedequi l
ibri
um,hasshownt hatthischangei nthewor ld'scli
mat e2.6
mill
ionyearsagohadsuddenanddr amaticeffectsi nAfrica.Apredomi nantlywar m andmost
cli
mat ewast r
ansformedi ntoonewhi chwascol derandmor earid.
"(MarkMasl im)

(
i)Gi
vedi
cti
onar
ymeani
ngsoft
heunder
li
nedwor
ds.

(
ii
)Howdi
dthecl
i
mat
ebecomecy
cli
cal
?

(
ii
i)Def
inet
het
erm"
Gol
denEr
a".

(
iv)Descr
ibet
hev
ari
ousst
agesi
nthedev
elopmentoft
hehumanspeci
es.

3.Expandt
hei
deaembodi
edi
nONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nabout200wor
ds

(
i)Theadmi
nist
rat
ionofj
ust
icei
sthef
ir
mestpi
l
larofgov
ernment
.

(
ii
)Ar
tisl
ongandt
imei
sfl
eet
ing

(
ii
i)Thebet
terpar
tofv
alouri
sdi
scr
eti
on

(
iv)Consci
encei
sGod'
spr
esencei
nman

(
v)Capi
tal
isonl
ythef
rui
tofl
abourandcoul
dnev
erhav
eexi
stedi
flabourhadnotf
ir
stexi
sted.

4.Compl
eteanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
encessuppl
yi
ngt
hemi
ssi
ngwor
dineach.

(
i)From t
hishappy_
___
___
___hei
sawakenedbyhi
schi
l
daski
nghi
mtor
ead_
___
___
___an
i
ncredi
blyl
ongandbori
ngstor
yaboutwol
ves.

(
ii
)The_
___
___
___t
hisi
sthat
,whenwedot
rav
el,
wenev
erseem t
o__
___
___
__t
hesepeopl
e.

(
ii
i)The____
___
___obj
ect
swer
enotchanges,
butt
he_
___
___
___t
hingshadal
ter
edbey
ond
r
ecognit
ion.

(
iv)Mor
ethant
enday
s__
___
___
__bef
oreIagai
nhadany_
___
___
___wi
thMr
s.Reed.

(
v)Hi
s__
___
___
__hasf
all
enof
f,r
eveal
i
nga_
___
___
___ofdi
rtonhi
sbal
dhead.

(
vi)No,
wemustacceptt
he_
___
___
___wi
thwhatgr
acewecanandl
eav
etheweat
hert
oit
sown.

(
vii
)Takeal
lyouneedbutl
eav
eyour_
___
___
___behi
ndi
ssound_
___
___
___f
ort
hehol
i
day
maker
.

(
vii
i
)Moder
nadv
ert
isement
sof
ten_
___
___
___t
hehumanr
acei
na_
___
___
___l
i
ght
.
5.UseanyFI
VEofthefoll
owingpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ffer
encei
nthei
rmeaning.

(
i)Al
l
,Awl

(
ii
)Boy
,Buoy

(
ii
i)Fal
l
ow,
Fel
l
ow

(
iv)Jewr
y,Jur
y

(
v)Funct
ional
,Di
s-f
unct
ional

(
vi)Yew,
Ewe

(
vii
)Al
l
usi
ve,
Elusi
ve

(
vii
i
)Lady
li
ke,
Lady
shi
p

6.Fr
amesent
encest
oil
l
ust
rat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Bet
weenScy
ll
aandChar
ybdi
s

(
ii
)Hobson'
schoi
ce

(
ii
i)St
ingi
nthet
ail

(
iv)Wi
thopenar
ms

(
v)Washone'
shandsof

(
vi)Countone'
schi
ckens

(
vii
)Bur
nmi
dni
ghtoi
l
.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

25.YEAR1995

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Wheny ouseeacockr oachonabed- hugy ourfi

rstreact i
onisoneofdi sgustandt hatis
i
mmedi at
ely,fol
lowedbyadesi r
etoext erminatetheof fensivecreatur
e.Later,i
nthegar den,you
seeabut terf
lyoradr agonfl
y,andy ouar efi
ll
edwi thadmi r
ationatit
sbeaut yandgr ace.Man's
feeli
ngstowar dsinsectsareambi v
al ent
.Her eali
zesthatsomeoft hem forexampl e,-f
li
esand
cockroachesar ethreatstohealt
h.Mosqui toesandt set sefli
eshav einthepastsappedt he
vit
ali
tyofentiretri
besornat i
ons.Ot heri
nsect saredest ruct
iveandcauseenor mousl osses.
Suchar el
ocust s,whichcanwi peoutwhol ear easofcr opsi nminutes;andtermites,whose
ofteninsi
diousr avages,unl
esscheckedatanear lystage, canendi nthedestructingofentir
e
rowsofhouses.
 Yetmen'sway sofl i
vingmayunder gor adicalchangesi fcer
tai
nspeci esofinsectswereto
becomeext inct.Bees,forexampl e,
pol l
inatet heflowersofmanypl antswhi charefoodsources.
Inthepast,honeywast heonl ysweeteni ngagentknownt omani nsomer emot epartsofthe
wor l
d.Ants,alt
hought heybi t
eandcont ami nateman' sfoodareusef ulscav enger
swhi ch
consumewast ermat eri
althatwouldot her wisepol l
utetheenvir
onment .Entomologistswho
hav estudi
edinsectfossilsbelievet
hem t ohav einhabit
edt heeart
hf ornear ly400mi l
li
onyears.
Insectsli
veinlargenumber salmostev er y
wher einthewor ld,f
rom thehot testdesertsandthe
deepestcav estothepeaksofhi ghmount ainsandev enthesnowsoft hepol arcaps.

Somei nsectscommuni t
iesarecompl exinor ganizati
ons, promptingment obeli
ev ethatthey
possessandor deredi ntel
li
gence.Butsuchor ganizedbehav iourisclearlynotduetodev eloped
brains.I fwehav et ocompar et
hem tohumans, beeandantgr oupsbehav eli
keextreme
totalit
ariansocieties.Eachbeeorantseem t ohav eadet er
mi nedr ol
et oplayinsti
nctivel
yand
doessowi t
houtdev iat
ion.Thewor d"i
nstinct"isof t
enappliedt oinsectbehav i
our.Butsome
i
nsectbehav iourappear ssoclearthatonet endst othinkthatsomesor tofint
ell
i
gencei sat
wor k.Forexampl e,thewor kerbee,uponr eachingt othehiv eaf t
erhavingfoundanewsour ceof
nect ar,communi cat eshisdiscoverybyaki ndofdancewhi cht el
lsotherbeest hedirecti
onand
distanceawayoft henect ar.

2.Readthepassageandanswerthequest
ionsthatf
oll
owi
t.Usey
ourownEngl
i
shasmuchas
possi
ble,ot
her
wiseyouwil
lnotscorehi
ghmar ks.

Apolit
icalcommuni tymaybev i
ewedasagr oupofpeopl eli
vingtoget herunderacommon
regi
me, withacommonsetofaut hori
ti
est omakei mpor t
antdecisionsf ort hegroupofawhol e.
Tot heextentthatt
her egimeis"legi
ti
mat e"wewoul dfurtherspecifythatt hepeopl ehave
i
nternali
zedacommonsetofr ules.Giv
ent hepr edomi nantl
yachievement -ori
entednormswhi ch
seem tobenecessar yconcomi t
antindustrialsociet
y,theser ul
esmustappl yequallytothe
enti
repopul at
ionorprecisel
ythosecrit
eria( e.
g.language)whi chareabasi sforblocki
ng
i
ndiv i
dualsocialmobi
lity,
canbecomet hebasi sforcleavagewhi cht hr
eat enst hedisi
ntegr
ati
on
ofthepoliti
calcommuni ty.

Amongpost -
tr
ibal mul til
ingualpopul ati
onswher ethemassesar ei l
li
terate,generall
yunawar e
ofnationalev ents,andhav elowexpect ationsofsoci al andeconomi cmobi lit
y,theproblem is
l
argelyirr
elev antev eni fsuchpopul ationshav eal i
nguisti
callydistinctelit
egr oup.Incont rast,
whent hegener alpopul ationofasoci etyisgoi ngthrought heear lystagesofsoci almobi li
zation,
l
anguagegr oupconf l
i
ct sseem par ticular
lyl i
kel yt
ooccur ; t
heymaydev elopani mosi t
ieswhi ch
takeonal ifeoft heirownandper si stbey ondt hesi t
uationwhi chgav eriset othem.Thedegr ee
towhicht hishappensmaybesi gni fi
cantlyaf fectedbyt het ypeofpol i
cywhi cht hegov ernment
adoptsdur i
ngt hetransi ti
onal period.Thel ikeli
hoodt hatlinguisti
cdi visi
onwi l
lleadtopol it
ical
confl
ictispar ti
cularlygr eatwhent hel anguagecl eavagesar elinkedwi t
ht hepr esenceof
dominantgr oupwhi chbl ockst hesoci almobi lityofmember sofasubor dinategr oup,partl
y,at
l
east,ont hebasi sofl anguagef actor s.Wher eadomi nantgrouphol dst heposi ti
onsofpowerat
theheadoft hemaj orbur eaucr aciesi namoder nsociety,andgi vespr eferencei nrecrui
tmentt o
thosewhospeakt hedomi nantlanguage, anysubmer gedgr ouphast heopt ionsofassi mi l
ation,
non-mobi l
it
yorgr oup- resistance.Ifani ndividual i
sov erwhelmednumer icallyorpsy chologically
bythedominantlanguage,i
fhisgr oupispropor
ti
onatelyt
oosmal l
tomai nt
ainaselfcontained
communitywithi
ngt hesoci
ety,assimil
ati
onusuallyoccurs.I
ncontr
ast,i
foneispartofa
numerousorgeographical
lyconcent r
atedminori
tygroup,assi
mil
ati
onismor edif
fi
cultandi s
moreli
kelyt
oseem unr easonable.Ift
hegroupisnumer ousandmobi l
i
zed,poli
ti
calresi
stance
i
sli
kely.

(
i)Apol
it
icalcommuni
tyi
sident
if
iedasagr
oupofpeopl
ewhohav
ethr
eet
hingsi
ncommon.
Whatar
et hey?

(
ii
)Whyar
ether
ulesi
mpor
tant
?

(
ii
i)Gi
veanot
herwor
dorpar
aphr
asef
or

(
a)Cl
eav
age;
(b)Di
sint
egr
ati
on

(
iv)I
nthesecondpar
agr
apht
heaut
hordi
sti
ngui
shesbet
weent
wot
ypesofsoci
ety
.Whatar
e
t
hey?

(
v)Whatpr
obl
em i
sir
rel
evantt
othef
ir
stt
ype?

(
vi)Whati
sli
kel
ytohappent
othesecond?

(
vii
)Whenwi
l
llanguagecr
eat
epol
i
tical
conf
li
ct?

(
vii
i
)Whati
sassi
mil
ati
onandwhendoesi
toccur
?

(
ix)Whendoesgr
oupr
esi
stanceoccur
?

(
x)Gi
vet
heopposi
teoft
het
erm"
domi
nantgr
oup"usedi
nthet
ext
.

3.Usi
ngabout250wor
ds,
commentonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Consci
encei
sthebasi
sofj
ust
ice

(
ii
)TheI
ndust
ri
alSoci
etyhasr
eachedi
tsl
ogi
cal
end

(
ii
i)Ey
eforey
eandt
oot
hfort
oot
h,hasgoneont
ool
ongi
nthewor
ld

(
iv)I
nfr
eedom l
i
est
hehappi
nessoft
hei
ndi
vi
dual

(
v)Chi
l
drenhav
enochi
l
dhoodi
nPaki
stan

(
vi)Tobecl
everenought
ogetal
lthatmoney
,onemustbest
upi
denought
owanti
t.

4.Awomani stalki
ngtohernext-
doorneighbouraboutanelderl
ymar ri
edcouplesheknows,
andaboutthei
rpersonal
it
ies.Usi
ngonlyAdject
ives,compl
etetheblanksaccordingtothe
expl
anati
onsshegiveseit
herbeforeoraft
erwards.Vaguewordslike"good"
,etc.wil
lnotbe
accept
able.Wri
teoutthepassageinyouranswerbooksunder l
yi
ngt hewordsyouhav efi
ll
edi
n.

"
Wel
l
,yest
erdayImatol
dMr
s.Ahmad.Lov
elyol
dladyshei
s,al
way
scheer
ful
andhel
pful
and
everso_ _
__ _
_____whichi smor et hanIcansayaboutt hathusbandofher 's.Hei sso_ _____
____
argui
ngandshout i
ngandcompl ainingallthetime.AndIt houghtmyhusbandwas_ __
_ ___
___
unti
lIsawt hewayhehol dstohi smoney !Nott hatshewor ri
esorcompl ains.Ihav enev er
knownanyoneso_ _________.Buthei sreally
.Imeanhenev erthi
ngsaboutherorwhatshe
wants.He'sgotnotf eelingsatal l
,the_ _
____ _
__ _ol ddevil
!Theyarejustsodi f
fer ent.I
fy outel
l
herabouty ourproblems, shelistensandt riestounder standandgivesy ouadv ice, younow, ver
y
_____
_____.Andi t'
sonlybecauseofhert hatchi ldrenhaveturnedsopoliteandchar mi ng,such
_____
_____y oungpeopl e.Hej ustgav ethem di scipli
ne,t
oldthem whattheycoul dn'tdolike
some_ ________
_school master.Stil
l,
Mr s.Ahmadkeepssmi l
ingandhappy .Idon' tthi
nkI '
dbe
that___
_______,mar ri
edt ohim! "

5.Fi
nisheachofthef
oll
owingsent
encesi
nsuchawayt
hati
tmeansexact
lyt
hesameast
he
sent
encesprint
edbef
oreit
.

(i
)Oneofthel
ocaldevel
opmentaut
hor
it
y'
sresponsi
bil
i
tiesi
stownpl
anni
ng.Thel
ocal
devel
opmentaut
hori
ty____
___
___.

(
ii
)Popst
arsar
ecor
rupt
edbyt
headul
ati
onoft
hei
rfans.I
t'
sthewayt
hei
r__
___
___
__.

(
ii
i)Ther
ewasl
i
ttl
econt
actbet
weent
hesesmal
lgr
oups.Thesesmal
lgr
oups_
___
___
___.

(
iv)If
indf
unnycl
othest
hemosti
rr
it
ati
ngaboutt
hemoder
nYout
h,What_
___
___
___.

(
v)Hesoundsasi
fhespental
lhi
sli
feabr
oad.Hegi
ves_
___
___
___.

(
vi)Apartfr
om MuhammadAl
i
,ev
eryoneel
seatt
hemeet
ingwasapar
tymember
.Wi
th
_
_______
_ _.

(
vii
)Hewasdr
ivi
ngv
eryf
astbecausehedi
dn'
tknowt
her
oadwasi
cy.I
f__
___
___
__.

(
vii
i
)Whenev
ery
ouar
eonabus,
youhearsomeonet
alki
ngaboutpol
i
tics.Youcan'
tgo
_
_____
___
_

(
ix)Howl
ongi
sti
sincet
heywentt
oGi
l
git
?When_
___
___
___.

(
x)Mostofthetheori
esuset hemethodsofexper
imentalsci
encewi
thoutf
ir
stpay
ingat
tent
ion
t
oplay
'saesthet
icquali
ty.Mostoft
heori
esdonott ake__
_ _
____
__.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

26.YEAR1996

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageaboutonet
hir
dofi
tsl
engt
handsuggestasui
tabl
e
ti
tl
e.

Alongwiththenewrev el
ati
onsofscienceandpsy chologyther
ehavealsooccurred
di
storti
onsofwhatisbeingdiscov
ered.Mostoft hescienti
stsandpsychol
ogist
shav eaccept
ed
Dar
wi n'
stheor
yofev ol
uti
onandhi sobservat
ionson" sur
v i
valoft
hefi
ttest
"asaf i
nalword.
Whi leenunci ati
nghi spost ulat eont heconceptoft hefittest ,Dar winpr imar il
ypr oject edphy si cal
forceast hemai ncr iterion,andr emai nedunmi ndf uloft hecul t
ur eofmi nd.Thepsy chol ogi st s,
ont heot herhand, inhi sexcl usivei nvolvementwi ththepsy che, hav eov er l
ookedt hepot ent ial of
man' sphy sical-sel fandt hewor ldout sidehi m.Nosy nthesi shasbeenat tempt edbet weent he
twowi t
ht heobv iousr esultoft heonebei ngsacrifi
cedatt heal taroft heot her.Thi shasgi v en
bir
tht oaci vili
zat ionwhi chi swhol lybasedoneconomi cconsi der ati
ons, transf or mi ngmani nt o
amer e"economi cbei ng"andl i
mi tinghi spleasuresandsor rowst osensuouscr av i
ngs.Wi tht he
forceofhi scr aftandguns, t
hismanoft hemoder nwor ldgav ebi rthtot wocanni balistic
philosophies,t hecunni ngcapi talism andt hecallouscommuni sm.Theyj oinedhandst obl ock
theev oluti
onofmanasacul tural entity
, denudinghi m oft hef eelingsofl i
ve, sy mpat hy , and
humanness.Technol ogi cally,mani simmensel ypower ful ;culturally,hei sthecr eat ur eSt one
Age, aslust f
ul asev er ,andequal lyi gnorantofhi sdest iny .Thet wowor l
dwar sandt her esul tant
att
itudesdi splayhar rowi ngdi stortionoft hepurposesofl ifeandpower .Int hisagoni zing
sit
uat i
ont heSci ent i
sti shar nessi ngf orcesofnat ure,placi ngt hem att hef eetofhi scount ry's
l
eader s,tobeusedagai nstpeopl ei notherpar tsoft hewor l
d.Thi sst ateofhi sser vilitymakes
thef uncti
onsoft hesci entistappearmer elytopushhumani t
yt oast ateofper pet ual fear ,and
l
eadmant othei nev i
tabl edest ruct ionasaspeci eswi t
hhi sowni nv entionsandachi ev ement s.
Thisi r
rati
onal si tuationar i
sesmanyquest i
ons.Theyconcer nther ol
eofasci ent ist, thef unct ion
ofreligi
on, theconductofpol i
tici
anwhoi sdir
ectingt hecour seofhi stor y,andt hef ut ur er oleof
manasaspeci es.Ther ei sanobv iousmut il
ati
onoft hepur poseofcr eation, andt he
rel
at i
onshi pbet weenCosmos, Life, andMani shi ddenf rom ey es; theyhav enotbeenv iewed
collecti
vely.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

"I
ncount lessot herpl aces, compani esl ocat i
ngov er seasar ecausi ngenv ir
onment alharm.
Japanhascomei nf orheav ycriti
cism f orm env ironment al
istsinSout heastAsi aforal l
egedl y
l
ocat ingex t
remel yhar mf ulprocessesabr oadbecauset heynol ongercanpassenv ir
onment al
must erathome.AMal aysiansubsi diar yoft heMi tsubi shi Kasai Corp.wasf or cebycour tor der
tocloseaf tery earsofpr otest sbyl ocal resident st hatt hepl ant'sdumpi ngofr adioact i
ve
thori
um wast oblamef orunusual l
yhi ghl eukemi ar atesi nther egion.Sev eral multinational
corpor ationsoper atingi nSout hAf r
ica, i
ncl udinglocal subsi diari
esoft heBay er
Phar maceut i
cal sconcer nandaDur acell batterypl ant, hav ebeeni mpl icatedbyl ocal environs
ment alistsint oxiccat astrophest hatt heybel ievehav ecausedcancerandot hersev ereheal th
problemsamongwor kers.Despi t
et het hreat s,inter nat ional mar ketsal sohel pdi ffusemany
env i
ronment allyhel pful product saroundt hewor ld.Tr adei npol l
utioncont rol technol ogiesi son
therise, particularlyasenv i
ronment allawsar est rengt henedi ndev el
opi ngcount r
ies.
Int
ernat ional tradeal socanputpr essur eoncompani est omat chtheenv ironment alimmol ati
on
ofthei rinternat i
onal compet i
tors,asi nt heU. S.Cari ndust ry'sresponset oJapan' sadv ancesi n
fuelef fi
ciency .Meanwhi le,therear eindi cationst hat ,cont r
ar ytosomepeopl e'sexpect ati
on,
beingopent of oreigni nv estmentcanhel ppr eventt hecaut ionofpol lutionhav ensr atherthan
causet hem.Resear chbyNancyBi r
dsal landDav idWheel eroft heWor l
dBankf oundt hatdi rt
y
i
ndust r
iesdev elopedf asterinLat inAmer icaneconomi esr elat i
velyinhospi t
abl etof oreign
i
nv estmentt hani nopenones.Anot herWor ldBankst udyl ookedatt her atesatwhi ch60
di
ffer
entcount ri
esit
swayt onati
onsopent oforei
gni nvestmentf armor erapidl
ythanthose
cl
osedt oll
.Theauthorsoft hesestudiessuggestsev eralpossibl
eexpl anationsforsuchtrends.
Forone, cl
osedeconomi espr ot
ectcapi t
al--
-Int
ensive,poll
ution-
intensiveindustri
esin
si
tuati
onswher elow-costlabourot her
wi sewouldhav ebeenadr awt olesspol l
uti
ngindustri
es.
Second,compani estr
yingtosel l
theirgoodsi ni
ndust ri
alcountri
esneedt opleasethegrowing
numberof" greenconsumer s"there.Finall
ytheequipmentusedbymul tinati
onaltendson
bal
ancet obenewerandcl eanerthant hatemployedbynat i
onalindustri
es.

(
i)Whyi
sJapanunderheav
ycr
it
ici
sm?

(
ii
)Whatdi
dthecour
tdecr
eei
nMal
aysi
aandwhy
?

(
ii
i)Howdoesacer
tai
nindust
rycausecancert
othel
ocal
resi
dent
?

(
iv)Whatcoul
dbet
her
oleofi
nter
nat
ional
mar
ket
sincont
rol
l
ingpol
l
uti
on?

(
v)Whati
sa"
pol
l
uti
on-
hav
en"
?

(
vi)Whatdoest
her
esear
chbyNancyBi
rdsal
landDav
idWheel
ersay
?

(
vii
)Whatdoes"
theot
herst
udy
"byWor
ldBankr
eveal
?

(
vii
i
)Whoi
sa"
greenconsumer
"?

(
ix)Howdoy
ouexpl
ain"
capi
tal
-i
ntensi
ve"and"
pol
l
uti
on-
int
ensi
ve"
?

(
x)Howcanwesav
ethel
ocal
resi
dent
sfr
om t
hepol
l
uti
onhazar
ds?

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
eofappr
oxi
mat
ely250wor
dsonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Rel
i
gioni
sthegr
eat
estbenef
act
orofhumanr
ace

(
ii
)Thedev
oti
onal
bel
i
ever
scoi
nbasel
essst
ori
esaboutt
hei
rgur
us

(
ii
i)AndwhenIl
ovet
heenot
,chaosi
scomeagai
n

(
iv)Ev
erysy
stem ofgov
ernmentemer
gesf
rom i
tseconomi
csy
stem

(
v)Cl
eanl
i
nessi
snextt
oGodl
i
ness

4.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Whenpubl
i
ctr
anspor
tisbet
terdev
eloped,
ther
ewi
l
lnol
ongerbesomanycar
sdr
ivi
ngpeopl
e
t
owork.

(
ii
)Thesubj
ectofmypaperi
saboutai
rpol
l
uti
on.

(
ii
i)Thepr
incess'
sfat
herwasagoodmanandwhowaski
nd.

(
iv)Amor
ali
typl
ayi
swher
ethechar
act
ersr
epr
esent
svi
rt
ueandv
ices.
(
v)Asquar
eiswhenal
lfoursi
desar
ethesamel
engt
h.

(
vi)Ev
ilandsuf
fer
inghasal
way
str
oubl
edman.

(
vii
)Whydoessuchdi
stur
bingt
hingsexi
st?

(
vii
i
)Nei
therhercousi
nsnorherauntwer
eathome.

(
ix)Nei
therTar
iqnotKhal
i
dar
ewor
thyofher
.

(
x)Thef
ir
stf
leetofcar
swer
emadeofcopper
.

(
xi)Tobehonestl
i
esmustnev
erbet
old.

5.Expl
ainFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsbyusi
ngt
hem i
ntosent
ences.

(
i)Bearout

(
ii
)Backout

(
ii
i)Car
ryov
er

(
iv)Comeof
f

(
v)Fal
lback

(
vi)Fi
gur
eout

(
vii
)Li
vewi
th

(
vii
i
)Seti
n

(
ix)Cov
erup

(
x)I
ronout

6.UseanyFI
VEofthefol
lowingpai
rsofwor
dsorphr
asesi
ntosent
encessot
hatt
hedi
ff
erence
i
nthemeaningofeachpairi
smadeclear
.

(
i)Al
toget
her
,Al
ltoget
her

(
ii
)Ambi
guous,
Ambi
val
ent

(
ii
i)Appr
ise,
Appr
aise

(
iv)Bad,
Badl
y

(
v)Compar
e,Cont
rast

(
vi)Deduce,
Impl
y
(
vii
)Di
ff
erf
rom,
Dif
ferwi
th

(
vii
i
)Far
ther
,Fur
ther

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

27.YEAR1997

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Explorati
onintheAr cti
cCi r
clestil
loff
erscountl
essoppor t
uniti
esf orfreshdiscoveri
es,
buti
t
i
sanadv ent
urewhi chi
snott obeunder t
akenli
ghtl
y.Asanoccupat i
oni tismor elonel
yand
remotethanany t
hingel seinthewor l
dandatanymomentt hetravell
ermustbepr eparedt
o
encounterhazardanddi ffi
cult
ywhi chcallf
orall
hisskil
landenterprise.Nev ert
helesssuch
expl
orati
onwi t
hbecar riedasl ongast her
eareinvest
igatedareast oattractthedaringandas
l
ongast hequestf orknowl edgeinspir
esmankind.

Inv est
igat
ionshav eshownt hattheAr cticzonei srichi nmineraldeposits,buteveni ft
hese
deposi t
swer ethemsel v
esofl i
tt
lev al
ue, theeconomi ci mpor t
anceoft heAr cti
cwouldnotbe
appreciablyl
essened.Fori ti
sgener all
yagr eedthat" weat herismadei ntheNor th",
andast he
successorf ail
ureoft heharvestsallovert hewor ldisl argelydet
ermi nedbyt heweat her,
it
fol
lowst hatagricul
tureandal l
thosei ndust ri
alandcommer ci
alact
iviti
esdependentuponi t
mustbeconsi derabl
yaf f
ectedbyt heaccur acyoft hedai lyweatherreports.Moder n
met eorologi
stsregardthecondi t
ionspr ev ail
i
ngi ntheAr ct i
casoff i
rst-r
ateimpor t
ancei n
hel
pi ngthem toar r
iveataccurateresultsi ntheirforecast s.

Yetquit
eapar tfrom anyeconomi corot herpracticalconsi derati
ons,thereisast r
ange
fascinat
ionaboutt hisvastunconquer edr egionofst ernnor thernbeauty.Thosewhohav eonce
enteredthev astpolarregi
onsl iketospeakoft heirinexpr essivebeauty,thechar m oftheyell
ow
sunanddazzl i
ngicepack, t
heev er
lasti
ngsnowsandunmappedl andwher eonenev erknows
whatl i
esahead; i
tmaybeagi ganti
cgl acier,
whichr eflectsabeanofsunl i
ghtov erit
sf r
ozen
expanseorsomewonder f
ulfantastical
lyshapedcl iffwhichmakesanunf adingimpr essi
onon
thememor y.Itmayev enbeani ceber gstatelyandt errif
ying, mov i
ngoni tsrelentl
essway ,f
or
theAr ct
ici
st hebirthpl
aceoft hegr eaticebergswhi cht hreatennav igat
ion.

2.Readt
hefoll
owingpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweranyFOURquest
ionsgi
venatt
heendas
bri
efl
yaspossi
ble.

Dower eali
zet heextenttowhi cht hemoder nwor l
dr eli
esforit
sopini
onsonpubl ic
utt
erancesandt hePress?Dower ealizehowcompl etelywear ealli
nthepowerofr epor
t?Any
l
itt
leli
eorexagger at
edsent i
mentut t eredbyonewi t
habeei nhisbonnet,wi
thapr i
ncipl
e,oran
endtoserve,can,ifcl
everl
yexpr essedanddi st
ri
buted,distor
tthev i
ewsofthousands,
somet i
mesofmi l
l
ions.Anywi l
l
ful suppr essi
onoftruthforPar t
yorpersonalendscansof al
sif
y
ourvisi
onofthingsast oplungeusi ntoendlesscruel
tiesandf oll
i
es.Honestyofthoughand
speechandwr it
tenwor disajewel ,andt heywhocur bpr ej
udiceandseekhonourablytoknow
andspeakthet rut
har etheonlytruebui l
dersofabetterlif
e.Butwhatadul lworl
difwecan' t
chatterandwri
tei
rresponsi
bly,
can'tsl
opeoverwit
hhatred,orpursueourownendswithout
scruple!Tobet
iedtotheapron-st
ri
ngsoftrut
h,orcoi
ff
edwi ththenight
capofsi
lence,
whoin
thi
sageofcheapi nkandoratorywill
submitt
osuchaf ate?

Repor t
, Iwouldal mostsay ,nowr ulest hewor ldandhol dsthef ateofmanont hesay i
ngsof
i
tsmanyt ongues.I fthegoodsenseofmanki ndcannotsomehowr estrai
nutteranceand
cleanser epor t
,Democr acy,sohighlyv aunt ed, willnotsav eus; andal lt
hegl i
bwor dsofpr omise
spokenmi ghtaswel l
hav elai
nunut t
er edi nt het hroatsofor ators.Wear ealway sinper ilunder
Democr acyoft akingt heli
neofl eastresi stanceandi mmedi atemat eri
alprofi
t.Thegent leman,
forinstance, whoev erhewas, whof i
rstdi scov eredt hathecoul dsel lhi
spaper sbet terby
undercut ti
ngt hest andardofhisr i
vals, and, appeal ingtot helowert astesoft hePubl i
cundert he
fl
agoft hatconv enientexpression"whatt hePubl icwant s",
madeamostev ildiscov ery.The
Pressi sfort hemostpar tinthehandsofmenwhoknowwhati sgoodandr i
ght .Itcanbea
greatagencyf orlev el
ingup.Butwhet heront hewhol eitissoornot ,onecont i
nual l
yhear s
doubt ed.Ther eoughtt obenor oom f ordoubti nanyoft heourmi ndst hatt
hePr essisont he
sideoft heangel s.

(
i)Suggestanappr
opr
iat
eti
tl
efort
hepassage.

(
ii
)ChooseFI
VEofthef
oll
owingwordsandgi
veforeachanotherwor
d,orphr
ase,
ofsi
mil
ar
meani
ngwhichmi
ghtbeusedtorepl
acethewor
ldinthepassage.

Sent
iment
,Di
stor
t,Wi
l
lful
,Cur
b,Vaunt
ed,
Gli
b,Mat
eri
al,
Agency

(
ii
i)Expl
ainwhati
smeantbyanyTHREEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngphr
asesasusedi
nthepassage.

Wit
haprinci
pleofanendtoser
ve,
Thi
sageofcheapi
nkandor
ator
y,Under
cut
ti
ngt
hest
andar
d,
Onthesi
deoft heangel
s.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
eofappr
oxi
mat
ely250wor
dsonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Thepr
obl
em ofNoi
sei
nthemoder
nwor
ld

(
ii
)Themot
orwayage

(
ii
i)Acont
ent
edmi
ndi
sabl
essi
ngki
nd

(
iv)Acompet
it
ivesoci
etybr
ingsoutt
hebesti
nev
eryi
ndi
vi
dual

(
v)Thesuper
nat
ural
man(
orwoman)

4.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Thei
deaofmef
lyi
ngi
stoosi
l
lyt
oev
encont
empl
ate.

(
ii
)Her
eadsbet
tert
hananyboyi
nthecl
ass.

(
ii
i)Ev
eryci
ti
zenshoul
duset
hei
rrol
e.
(
iv)Idonotr
ememberhi
m gi
vi
ngmeapr
esent
.

(
v)Whom woul
dyousayi
sli
kel
ytowi
nthef
ight
?

(
vi)Nei
therhi
m norhi
sfr
iendwer
ehur
t.

(
vii
)Passi
ngbyt
hedamagehouse,
abr
ickf
ell
onmyshoul
der
.

(
vii
i
)Mycousi
nal
way
shasandal
way
swi
l
lbei
nter
est
edi
nthet
heat
re.

(
ix)Thev
astext
entoft
hest
eppesofCent
ral
Asi
aisenor
mous.

(
x)Nobodydi
dn'
toughtt
oloset
hei
rwaysoeasyi
nasmal
ltown.

5.Rear
ranget
hef
oll
owi
ngi
npai
rsofsy
nony
ms.

garr
ulous,sel
fi
sh,
near,
tal
kati
ve,
obstr
uct
, egoi
sti
c,wealt
hy,impede,
aff
luent
,fi
l
ch,
immi
nent
,
assess,t
empt i
ng,
ponder,
augment,
enti
cing,medit
ate,i
ncrease,
esti
mate,st
eal
.

6.Expl
ainanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsbyusi
ngt
hem i
ntosent
ences.

(
i)Thbeatt
heai
r

(
ii
)Tobeggardescr
ipt
ion

(
ii
i)Tobr
ingt
omi
nd

(
iv)Tocal
li
nquest
ion

(
v)Tocapi
tal
l

(
vi)Tocl
i
pone'
swi
ngs

(
vii
)Tocr
osst
heRubi
con

(
vii
i
)Tof
eel
thepul
se

(
ix)Tof
lyi
nthef
aceof

(
x)Tor
isel
i
keaphoeni
xfor
mit
sashes

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

28.YEAR1998

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageaboutonet
hir
dofi
tsl
engt
handsuggestasui
tabl
e
ti
tl
e.

Lyingisi
ndeedanaccursedvi
ce.Wearemen,andwehav erelat
ionswi
thoneanotherby
speech.I
fwerecogni
zedthehorrorandgr
avi
tyofanuntr
uth,weshouldmorejust
if
iabl
ypunish
i
twithfir
ethananyot
hercrime.Icommonlyf
indpeopl
etakingthemostil
l
-advi
sedpainsto
correctt
heirchildrenforthei
rharmlessfault
s,andwor r
yingthem aboutheedlessactswhich
l
eav enot r
aceandhav enoconsequences.Lay ing-andinalesserdegr eeobsti
nacy-are,i
nmy
opinion,
theonlyf ault
swhosebi rthandprogressweshoul dconsistentl
yoppose.Theygrow
wit
hachi ld'
sgr owt h,
andoncet hetonguehasgott heknackofl y
ing, i
tisdi
ff
icul
ttoimagine
howi mpossibleitistocor r
ectit
.Whencei thappensthatwef i
ndsomeot her
wiseexcel
lentmen
subjecttothi
sf aultandenslavedbyit.Ihaveadecentladasmyt ail
or,whom Ihaveneverhear
d
toutterasingl
et r
uth,evenwheni twouldhavebeentohi sadvantage.

If
,li
ket hetr
uth,f
alsehoodhadonlyonef ace,weshoul
dknowbet t
erwhereweare,
forwe
shoul
dt hentaketheoppositeofwhataliarsaidtobethetr
uth.Butt
heopposi
teofatrut
hhasa
hundredthousandshapesandal imi
tlessfi
eld.

ThePy thagoreansregardgoodascer t
ainandf i
nit
e, andevi
lasboundl essanduncert
ain.
Therear eat housandway sofmissingthebull'
seye,onlyoneofhit
tingit.Iam bynomeans
surethatIcoul dinducemy sel
ftotell
abrazenanddel iberat
eli
eevent opr ot
ectmyselffr
om the
mostobv i
ousandext remedanger.StAugust i
nesaidthatwear ebetterof fi
nthecompanyofa
dogweknowt haninthatofamanwhosel anguagewedonnotunder stand.Theref
ore,t
hoseof
diff
erentnat i
onsdonotr egardoneanotherasmenandhowmuchl essf ri
endlyi
sfalsespeech
thansilence.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagesandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Accumul atedpr oper t

yt readst hepower soft houghti nt hedust ,
extinguishest hespar ksof
genius, andr educest hegr eatmassofmanki ndt obei mmer sedi nsordidcar s;besidedepr iving
ther ich, aswehav eal r
eadysai d,ofthemostsal ubriousandef fectual mot i
vest oact i
v ity.If
super fl
uitywer ebani shed, thenecessi t
yf ort hegr eat erpartoft hemanual i
ndust ryofmanki nd
woul dbesuper seded; andt her est,beingami cabl yshar edamongal ltheact i
v eandv i
gor ous
member soft hecommuni ty ,wouldbebur densomet onone.Ev er ymanwoul dhav eaf rugal ,yet
whol esomedi et ;ever ymanwoul dgof ortht othatmoder ateexer ciseofhi scor poral funct ions
thatwoul dgi v
ehi laritytot hespi ri
ts;nonewoul dbemadet or pi
dwi thf at
igue,butal lwoul dhav e
l
eisur et ocul tivatet heki ndlyandphi l
ant hr opi
caf fect i
onsoft hesoul ,andt oletloosehi s
facul ti
esi nt hesear chofi nt el
lectualimpr ov ement .Whatacont rastdoest hisscenepr esentus
witht hepr esentst at eofhumansoci ety,wher ethepeasantandt helabourerwor ktil
lt hei r
under standingsar ebenumbedwi thtoil,theirsinewscont r
act edandmadecal l
ousbybei ngf or
everont hest retch, andt hei rbodiesinv aded, withi nfirmiti
esandsur r
ender edt oanunt i
mel y
grav e?Whati st hef ruitoft hisdispropor tionedandunceasi ngt oil
?Atev eningt heyr etur nt oa
fami ly,fami shedwi thhunger ,exposedhal fnakedt ot heincl emenci esoft hesky ,hardl y
shelter ed, anddeni edt hesl ender estinstruct i
on, unlessi naf ewinstances, wher eitisdi spensed
byt hehandsofost ent ati
ouschar ity
,andt hef i
rstlessoncommuni catedisunpr incipledser vili
ty.
Allthi swhi lethei rrichnei ghbour. .
..

Howr api
dandsubl i
mewoul dbet headv ancesofi
ntel
lect,i
fallmenwer eadmit
tedi
ntothe
f
iel
dofknowl edge!Atpr
esentninet
y-ninepersonsinahundr edarenomor eexcit
edtoany
r
egularexer
ti
onsofgener al
andcurioust hought,t
hanthebrutesthemselv
es.Whatwouldbe
t
hest at
eofpublicmindinanation,
wher eal lwer
ewise,all
hadl ai
dasidetheshackl
esof
prej
udi
ceandimplici
tfait
h,al
ladoptedwi t
hfearl
essconfidencet hesuggesti
onsoftruth,and
thel
ethar
gyofthesoul wasdismissedforever?I
tistobepr esumedt hatt
heinequal
ityofmind
wouldinacer
taindegreebepermanent; buti
tisreasonablet obeli
evethatt
hegeniusesofsuch
andagewouldfarsurpassthegrandestexert
ionsofintel
lectt hatar
eatpresentknown.Genius
wouldnotbedepressedwithfal
sewant sandniggardlypatronage.

(
i)Suggestanappr
opr
iat
eti
tl
efort
hepassage.

(
ii
)Whatdoest
hewr
it
ermeanbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
ons?

Hi
l
ari
tyofspi
ri
t,Cor
por
alf
unct
ions,
Tor
pidwi
thf
ati
gue,
Letl
oosf
acul
ti
es.

(
ii
i)Whataccor
dingt
othewr
it
eri
sthecauseoft
hepoorman'
sshor
tli
fe?

(
iv)Doest
hewr
it
erf
avourchar
it
yfort
hepoor
?Suppor
tyouranswerwi
tht
hewr
it
er'
sar
gument
.

(
v)Howdoest
hewr
it
ercompar
ethepr
esentdaymanwi
thbr
utes?

(vi
)Thewri
terdoesnotstatewhyt
herewillal
waysbeani
nequali
tyofmi
ndamongmen,
suggestar
easonfrom yourownknowledgeofhumanpsy
chology.

(v
ii
)Inthepassaget
hewr
it
erleav
eshi
sst
atementaboutt
her
ichnei
ghbouri
ncompl
ete.Dr
aw
bri
efl
ythecontr
astt
hewr
it
erhadinmi
nd.

(
vii
i
)Whataccor
dingt
othewr
it
erwoul
dpr
omot
eint
ell
ect
ual
impr
ovement
?

(
ix)Gi
venanot
herwor
dwi
thsi
mil
armeani
ngf
or

Cal
l
ous,
Sinews,
Incl
emenci
es,
Ost
ent
ati
ous,
Benumbed,
Sal
ubr
ious

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
eofappr
oxi
mat
ely250wor
dsonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Thet
womai
nreasonf
orr
eadi
ngi
magi
nat
ivel
i
ter
atur
ear
epl
easur
eandi
nsi
ght

(
ii
)Somear
ebor
ngr
eat
,someachi
evegr
eat
ness,
andsomehav
egr
eat
nesst
hrustupont
hem.

(
ii
i)Democr
acyi
fiti
sst
upi
dandunj
ust
,isasev
ilas,
stupi
dandcr
uel
tyr
anny
.(Socr
ates)

(i
v)Theso-
cal
l
edcust
odi
ansofhumanr
ight
sar
egui
l
tyofv
iol
ati
ngt
her
ight
soft
hebackwar
d
nati
ons

4.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Thi
sisal
lthef
athery
oucango.

(
ii
)Heseemedt
obeani
ndust
ri
ousper
sonbutt
hiswasonl
yanal
l
usi
on

(
ii
i)Hi
sav
ocat
ioni
sdent
ist
ry.

(
iv)Theant
iquar
ianbadeonemi
l
li
ondol
l
arsf
ort
heol
dpai
nti
ng.
(
v)Thef
err
ycol
l
idedagai
nstt
het
ug-
boat
.

(
vi)Poet
ryi
smor
esensual
thanpr
ose.

(
vii
)Bot
hNaeem andShahi
dist
ir
ed,
theyshoul
dgoback.

(
vii
i
)Hewasseeki
ngpol
i
tical
asy
lum butwasnotper
mit
tedt
oemi
grat
etoUSA.

(
ix)Iwoul
dn'
tbei
nyourbooksf
ort
heal
ltheweal
thi
nthewor
ld.

(
x)Ar
eyout
ryi
ngt
oinf
ert
hatIwoul
dbesomet
hingdi
shonest
?

5.Compl
etet
heconv
ersat
ionbychoosi
ngt
hecor
recti
dioms.

Thetr
icksofthetrade;
theblessi
ngi
ndisgui
se;hi
sownman; thegiftoft
hegab;t
hepil
larof
soci
ety;anot
hercupoftea;amug'sgame;apieceofcake;
afeatherinhi
scap;t
herankandfil
e

HaveyouheardaboutAdams?Hesay st
hatlosi
nghisjobwasprobabl
y_____
___
__because
hewasti
redofbeingjustoneofathousandwage-ear
nersatthefi
rm,j
ustoneof_____
___
__.He
thi
nksworki
ngforsomeoneelseisreal
ly__
____
_ __
_wheny oucanworkforyour
sel
f.Sosheis
goi
ngtoopenuphi sowncomputershop.

"
Real
l
y!wel
li
twi
l
lbea_
___
___
___i
fhemakesasuccessofi
t.
"

"
Hei
staki
ngJani
ntopar
tner
shi
pwi
thhi
m."

"
Jan,
eh?Nowhe'
s__
___
___
__Idon'
tl
ikehi
m atal
l
."

"Wel
lhemaynotbewhatonecoul
dcal
l__
___
___
__buthei
sther
ightsor
tofmant
ogeta
busi
nessgoi
ng.He'
sagoodtal
ker
."

"
Ohy
esJanhascer
tai
nlygot_
___
___
___andi
twon'
ttakehi
mlongt
olear
n__
___
___
__

"
Itol
dAdam t
hathav
inghi
sownbusi
nesscer
tai
nlywon'
tbe_
___
___
___
"

"
It
'shar
dwor
k.Buthei
sdet
ermi
nedt
obe_
___
___
___atl
ast
,soIwi
shhi
m goodl
uck.
"

6.UseFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dssoast
obr
ingoutt
hedi
ff
erencei
nthei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Occl
ude,
Occul
t

(
ii
)Pr
act
ical
,Pr
act
icabl
e

(
ii
i)Raze,
Rai
se

(
iv)Cannon,
Canon

(
v)Av
enge,
Rev
enge

(
vi)Car
et,
Car
at
(
vii
)Rev
el,
Rev
eal

(
vii
i
)Av
iar
y,Api
ary

(
ix)Demesne,
Demean

7.Expl
ainFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsbyusi
ngt
hem i
ntosent
ences.

(
i)Thel
astdi
tch

(
ii
)Asquar
emeal

(
ii
i)Gopubl
i
c

(
iv)Runr
iot

(
v)Thebackr
oom boy
s

(
vi)Foott
hebi
l
l

(
vii
)Sett
hepace

(
vii
i
)Att
imes

(
ix)St
eal
theshow

(
x)Gr
eymat
ter

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

29.YEAR1999

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageaboutonet
hir
dofi
tsl
engt
handsuggestasui
tabl
e
ti
tl
e.

Tohav efaithinthedi gnit

yandwor thoft hei ndividualmanasanendi nhimsel f,tobel ieve
thatiti
sbet t
ert obegov ernedbyper suasi ont hanbycoer cion,tobel i
evet hatfraternal goodwi l
l
i
smor ewor t
hyt hanasel fi
shandcont enti
onsspi ri
t,tobeliev ethatinthel ongr unal lvaluesar e
i
nsepar abl
ef rom thel oveoft ruthandt hedisinterest edsear chforit,t
obel i
evet hatknowl edge
andt hepoweri tconf ersshoul dbeusedt opr omot ethewel fareandhappi nessofal lmen,
ratherthantoser vethei nterestsofthosei ndiv i
dual andcl asseswhom f ortuneandi nt el
ligence
endowwi t
ht empor aryadv antage- -t
hesear et hev alueswhi char eaff
irmedbyt hetradi t
ional
democr ati
cideol ogy.Thecaseofdemocr acyi sthati taccept sther at
ional andhumanev alues
asendsandpr oposesast hemeansofr eali
zingt hem t hemi nimum ofcoer cionandt he
maxi mum ofv oluntaryassent .Wemaywel labandont hecosmol ogicaltempl einwhi cht he
democr ati
cideol ogyor i
ginall
yenshr i
nedt hesev alues,withoutr enouncingt hef ait
hi twas
designedt ocelebrate.Theessenceoft hatf ai
thi sbel i
efinthecapaci tyofman, asar ati
onal
andhumanecr eaturet oachiev ethegoodl ifebyr ationalandhumanemeans.Thechi efv irt
ueof
democr acyandt hesol ereasonf orcher i
shingi ti
st hatwi t
hal li
t sfaul
tsitst i
llprovidest hemost
f
avour
abl
econdi
ti
onsf
orachi
evi
ngt
hatendbyt
hosemeans.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Thesephenomena, howev er,aremer elypr emoni tionsofacomi ngst orm whi chi sl i
kel yto
sweepov ert hewhol eofI ndiaandt her estofAsi a.Thi si st hei nev i
tabl eout comeofawhol ly
polit
ical civil
izat ionwhi chhasl ookeduponmanasat hi ngt obeexpl oitedandnotasa
personal ityt obedev el opedandenl argedbypur elycul tur alforces.Thepeopl eofAsi aar e
boundt or i
seagai nstt heacqui sit
iveeconomywhi cht heWesthav edev elopedandi mposedon
thenat ionsoft heEast .Asi acannotcompr ehendmoder nWest erncapi talism wi thi ts
undisci pl i
nedi ndi vidual ism.Thef aithwhi chy our epr esentr ecogni zedt hewor thoft hei ndividual,
anddi sci pl
ineshi mt ogi v eawayal ltot heser v iceofGodandman.I tspossi bil
itiesar enoty et
exhaust ed.I tcanst i
ll cr eateanewwor ldwher et hesoci al rankofmani snotdet ermi nedbyhi s
casteorcol ourort heamountofdi videndheear ns, butbyt heki ndofl if
ehel ives, wher et he
poort axt her i
ch, wher ehumansoci etyi sf oundednotont heequal it
yofst omachsbutont he
equal i
t yofspi rits, wher eanunt ouchabl ecanmar ryt hedaught eroft heki ng, wher epr i
v ate
owner shi pisat rustandwher ecapi talcannotbeal l
owedt oaccumul at esoast odomi nat et he
realpr oducerofweal th.Thi ssuper bi deal ism ofy ourf aith, howev er,needsemanci pationf rom
themedi ev al f
anci esoft heol ogiansandl ogists.Spi rit
ual ly,wear el i
vingi napr isonhouseof
thought sandemot ionswhi chdur ingt hecour seofcent urieswehav ewov enr oundour selves.
Andbei tfurthersai dt ot heshameofus-menofol dergener ations-t hatwehav ef ail
edt o
equipt hey oungergener at i
onf ort heeconomi c, pol iti
cal andev enr eligiouscr isist hatt he
presentagei sl ikelyt obr ing.Thewhi l
ecommuni tyneedsacompl eteov er haul i
ngofi t
spr esent
ment al ityinor dert hati tmayagai nbecomecapabl eoff eel i
ngt heur geoff reshdesi r
esand
i
deal s.TheI ndi anMusl i
m hasl ongceasedt oexpl or et hedept hsofhi sowni nnerl ife.Ther esult
i
st hathehasceasedt ol ivei nthef ullglowandcol ourofl i
fe,andi sconsequent l
yi ndangerof
anunmanl ycompr omi sewi thf orceswhi chhei smadet ot hinkhecannotv anqui shi nopen
conf l
ict .Hewhodesi rest ochangeanunf av our abl eenv i
ronmentmustunder goacompl ete
transfor mat ionofhi si nnerbei ng.Godchangesnott hecondi t
ionofapeopl eunt ilthey
themsel vest aket hei ni tiati
v etochanget hei rcondi ti
onbyconst antlyi l
lumi natingt hezoneof
theirdai l
yact i
v i
tyi nt hel ightofadef initei deal .Not hingcanbeachi ev edwi thoutaf ir
mf aithin
theindependenceofone' sowni nnerl ife.Thi sf aithal onekeepsapeopl e'sey ef ixedont heir
goal andsav et hem f rom per pet ual vaci l
lat i
on.Thel essont hatpastexper ienceshasbr oughtt o
youmustbet akent ohear t
.Expectnot hingf rom anysi de.Concent ratey ourwhol eegoon
yoursel fal oneandr ipeny ourcl ayi ntor eal manhoodi fy ouwi sht oseey ouaspi rationr ealized.

(
i)Whati
sthechi
efchar
act
eri
sti
coft
hemoder
npol
i
tical
civ
il
izat
ion?

(
ii
)Whatar
ethepossi
bil
i
tiesofourf
ait
hwhi
chcanbeofadv
ant
aget
othewor
ld?

(
ii
i)Whati
sthechi
efdangerconf
ront
ingt
hesuper
bideal
i
sm ofourf
ait
h?

(i
v)Whyist
heI
ndi
anMusl
i
mindangerofcomi
ngt
oanunmanl
ycompr
omi
sewi
tht
hef
orces
opposi
nghi
m?

(
v)Whati
snecessar
yforanyachi
evement
?
(
vi)Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngex
pressi
onsasusedi
nthepassage.

Acquisit
iveeconomy,Undi
sci
pli
nedi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm,
Super
bideal
i
sm,
Unmanl
ycompr
omi
se,
Perpetualvaci
ll
ati
on

(
vii
)Suggestanappr
opr
iat
eti
tl
efort
hepassage.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
eofappr
oxi
mat
ely250wor
dsonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Thehandt
hatr
ockst
hecr
adl
erul
est
hewor
ld

(
ii
)Char
m st
ri
kest
hesi
ghtbutmer
itwi
nst
hesoul

(
ii
i)Lor
d,WhatFool
stheseMor
tal
sbe!

(
iv)I
sDemocr
acypossi
blei
ntheThi
rdWor
ld?

4.Re-
wri
tet
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageaf
tercor
rect
ingi
tsgr
ammat
ical
err
ors.

Thewor ldispoi sedonadangerousandi nstablebalanceofterr

or,unlikethewarsofthepast,
fut
urewart hreatenedt odoawaythehumanr ace.Futureofmankinddependsonpeace.
Withoutit
,countlessmi ll
i
onswouldbewi pedoft hefaceofearth.Thi
sf earhadmani f
ested
i
tselfi
naper sist
entdemandofdi sarmament- -totalanduniver
sal.I
tis,indeed,asadrefl
ect
ion
onhumannat urethatwhi l
ehesi
ngspr aiseaboutt hev i
rtueofpeace,theycont i
nuedmarchona
sui
cidalcourseofwar .I
nspit
eoffort
yy earsofnegot i
ati
onthegiantsdidnotev enscrapedthe
ti
psofthei cebergs.

5.Fi
l
lint
hebl
anksoft
hepassagegi
venbel
ow.

Ani dealcollegeshoul dsubscr ibetoani deal schemeofeducat ionf ortheonei sinseparabl

e
fr
om t heot her.Thechi ef__ _
__ _
__ __ofeducat i
on, i
tissai d,isthet otalend_ _
________
developmentoft heindi vi
dual.Any_ __
_______sy stem ofeducat ionmustpr ovi
dethest udent
fi
rstly,wit
ht he_ _______ _
_f orlogicalandobj ecti
v ethi
nki ng.Wi thout_ _________skil
l i
t'
sdiffi
cult
toconcei veofanyone' s_ _
_ _______andcont inuall
yex pandi ngt heknowl edgewhi chi s_______
___
i
ndi spensablet oaneducat edman_ __
_______educat ionwhi chisinpr act i
cebooki shand
__________from l i
feisl opsidedandser vesno_ _
_ ____
_ __pur pose.Secondl y,i
tmustcont ri
bute
tothe_ _
________ofmor al
ity,orrightconductorgood_ _ ________initswi destsense.No
academy_ _____ ____itsnamecanaf f
ordorbe_ _________t ot hi
saspect , forit
simpor tanceof
__________thesy l
labicdomai n.Itmusthel p_ ________
_st udentt odi scov erameani ngfulactof
__________andaper sonal philosophyofl i
fe_ _________itmustpayadequat eatt
ent i
ont o
__________healt handwor kont hepr emisethataheal thymi ndi s_ ____
_ ____wi t
houtaheal thy
body .

6.Makesent
encesofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
dioms.

(
i)Aj
aundi
cedey
e

(
ii
)Al
efthandedcompl
i
ment
(
ii
i)Ther
uli
ngpassi
on

(
iv)Towerofst
rengt
h

(
v)St
eal
amar
chonsomeone

(
vi)I
none'
sbones

(
vii
)Hangi
nthebal
ance

(
vii
i
)Fl
yint
heoi
ntment

(
ix)Cl
ose-
fi
sted

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

30.YEAR2000

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
naboutonet
hir
dofi
tsl
engt
h.Suggestasui
tabl
e
ti
tl
eal
so.

Besantdescr i
bingthemi ddlecl assofthe9thcent urywr ote,"Inthefi
stpl aceitwasf ormore
aclassapar t
."Innosensedi di tbelongtosociety.Meni npr ofessionsofanyki nd(excepti
nthe
ArmyandNav y)couldonlybel ongt osociet
ybyr ightbir
thandf ami l
yconnect ions;meni nt
rade
-bankerswer est i
llaccountedt radesmen-coul dnotpossi blybel ongtosoci ety.Thatistosay,
if
theywentt oliv
ei nthecount ryt heywerenotcalleduponbyt hecount r
yf ami l
i
esandi nthetown
theywer enotadmi t
tedbyt hemeni ntothei
rclubs, orbythel adiesintotheirhouses..The
middleclassknewi tsownpl ace, respect
editsel
f, madeitsownsoci et
yforitself,andcheerf
ull
y
accordedtor ankthedef erencedue. "

Si
ncethen,
however
,theli
feofthemiddleclasseshadunder
gonegr
eatchangesast
hei
r
number
shadswell
edandt hei
rinf
luencehadincreased.

Thei ralreadywel l
-devel
opedconsci ousnessoft heirowni mpor t
ancehaddeepened.Mor e
cri
tical thant heyhadbeeni nt hepastofcer t
ainaspect sofaristocraticlife,theyweeal somor e
concer nedwi ththeplightofthepoorandt heimpor t
anceoft hei rownv aluesofsoci ety,t
hrif
t,
hardwor k,piet
yandr espectabil
it
yasexampl esofideal behaviourf orthegui danceoft hel ower
order s.Abov eallt
heywer erespectable.Therewer edivergencesofopi nionast owhatexact ly
wasr espect ableandwhatwasnot .Therewer e,never
theless,cer t
ainconv enti
ons, whichwer e
univer sallyrecognized:wil
danddr unkerbehav i
ourswer ecert
ai nlynotr espect able,
norwer e
godl essnessorav ertpromiscuity
,notinill
-orderedhomel i
fe,unconv ent i
onal manner s,sel
f -
i
ndul genceoff l
amboy antcl
othesandper sonaladornment s.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Thevi
tal
i
tyofanyteaching,orhi
stor
icalmovement ,dependsuponwhati
taffi
rmsrat
hert
han
uponwhati
taff
ir
msr at
hert hanuponwhatitdenies,anditssurv
ival
andconti
nuedpowerwi
ll
oft
enmeanthati
tsposit
ivesareinsuff
ici
entl
yregardedbyopposingschool
s.Thegrand
posi t
ivesofBent ham wer ebenev olenceandv eracity:thepassi onf orther el
iefofman' sest ate,
andt hepassi onoft ruth.Bentham' smul t
ifariousact iv
iti
es, pursuedwi thoutabat ementt ot he
endofal ongl i
fe,wer einspi r
edby" domi nantandal l-
compr ehensi vedesi refortheamel iorati
on
ofhumanl i
fe.
";theywer ei nspired, too,byt hebel iefthathehadf oundt hekeyt oal l moraltruth.
Thisi nsti
tuti
on,thiscust om, thiscode, thissy stem ofl egisl
at i
on- -doesi tpromot eshuman
happi ness?Theni tissound.Thi st heory,thiscr eed, t
hismor alt eaching- -doesi tr i
ghtlyexpl ain
whyv ir
tueisadmi rable,orwhydut yi sobl i
gat ory?Thel imitationofBent ham canbegaugedby
hisdi smissalofallpoet ry(andmostr el
igion)as" misrepresent at i
on" ;thisishisnegat i
v eside.
Butbenev ol
enceandv eracityareSupr emeVal ues, andi fitfallst ooneoft hedeni er stobet heir
speci aladvocate,thebel ieversmusthav elongbeendr owsed.Bent ham bel i
ev est heChur ch
teacheschi ldr
eni nsinceritybymaki ngthem af f
irm whatt heycannotpossi blyunder st
andor
mean.Theypr omise, forexampl e,tof ul
filltheunder t
akingoft hei rgod- -parents, theywi ll
"renouncet hedev ilandal lhiswor ks,thepompsandv anityoft hiswi ckedwor ld"et c.'
TheDev i
l
'
Bent ham comment s: "whoorwhati she, andhowi sitthathei sr enounced? "Hast hechi ld
happenedt ohav eanydeal ingswi t
hhi m?Lett heAr chbishopofCant erbur ytellus, andl ethim
furtherexplainhowhi sown" wor ks"ar edi stingui shedf rom t heaf or esaid" PompsandVani ty".
Whatki ng,whatLor dsTempor al orSpi r
itual,hav eev errenouncedt hem?( BasilWi lley)

(
i)Whatdoest
hewr
it
ermeanbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngexpr
essi
ons:

Multi
far
iousact
ivi
ti
es,Amel
ior
ati
onofhumanli
fe,
Iti
ssound,
Bet
hei
rspeci
aladv
ocat
e,
Renouncethedevi
l,Dr
owsed,Gauged,
Afor
esai
d.

(
ii
)Onwhatgr
oundsdoesBent
ham bel
i
evet
hatt
heChur
cht
eacheschi
l
dreni
nsi
ncer
it
y?

(
ii
i)Whati
sBent
ham'
sphi
l
osophybasedupon?

(
iv)Whataccor
dingt
othewr
it
eri
sBent
ham'
sli
mit
ati
on?

(v)I
nwhatcont
exthast
heAr
chbi
shopofCant
erbur
ybeenquot
edi
.e.i
shepr
aisedor
condemned?

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Soci
etyi
spr
oducedbyourwant
sandgov
ernmentbyourwi
ckedness(
ThomasPai
n)

(
ii
)Wel
ear
nfr
om hi
stor
ythatwedonotl
ear
nfor
m hi
stor
y.(
Hegel
)

(
ii
i)Li
ber
tydoesn'
twor
kaswel
li
npr
act
iceasi
tdoesi
nspeeches.(
Wil
lRoger
s)

(
iv)Pol
i
ticsi
sst
ri
feofi
nter
est
smasquer
adi
ngasacont
estofpr
inci
ples.(
Ambr
osePi
erce)

4.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Thel
akef
reezedr
api
dly
.

(
ii
)Thef
ir
m wasunwi
l
li
ngt
ofor
egoi
tsusual
commi
ssi
on.
(
ii
i)Wewat
chedt
hel
ambsgambl
eont
hegr
een.

(
iv)Hebel
ongedt
othegi
l
dofcar
pent
ers.

(
v)Hehadn'
toughtt
ohav
espoken.

(
vi)I
sthi
shi
shal
f-
brot
her
?

(
vii
)Hay
!Wat
choutf
ort
hecar
!

(
vii
i
)Thi
sist
hehi
stor
ical
spotwhenhewasshotdead.

(
ix)WeboughtaJapaneepr
int
.

(
x)Fr
eshf
lower
ssmel
lsweet
ly.

5.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsi
nsent
encest
omaket
hei
rmeani
ngcl
ear
.

(
i)Bl
owone'
stop

(
ii
)Acockandbul
lst
ory

(
ii
i)Fi
ndone'
sfeet

(
iv)Cal
li
tani
ght

(
v)Thet
ipoft
hei
ceber
g

(
vi)Bel
owpar

(
vii
)Fr
om pi
l
lart
opost

(
vii
i
)Hangup

(
ix)Tur
nsomeonei
n

(
x)Byandby

6.UseanyFIVEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
encesofy
ourownt
obr
ingoutt
he
di
ffer
ence.

(
i)Knead,
need

(
ii
)Queue,
Cue

(
ii
i)Quar
ts,
Quar
tz

(
iv)Chor
al,
Cor
al

(
v)Di
scr
ete,
Discr
eet
(
vi)Epoch,
Epi
c

(
vii
)Li
bel
,Li
abl
e

(
vii
i
)Mal
e,Mai
l

(
ix)Banned,
band

(
x)Bar
red,
Bar
d

7.Compl
etet
heconv
ersat
ionwi
tht
hecor
recti
diom i
nthecor
rectf
orm.

Keepregul
arhour
s,Anunear
thl
yhour
,Thesmal
lhours,
Anightowl
,Haveanightout
,Atany
moment ,
Haveone'smoments,
Haveaminut
etoall
one'sown,Ani
ghtonthetown,Onthespur
ofthemoment.

"Mor ningPaul!Youl ooktir

ed" ."Yes!Iam.Ihadal atenightl
astnight
.I'
m notusually
_________
_butI__ __
_ __
_ _
_wi t
hsomef ri
endsy esterday.Ihavebeensobusyal l
weekt hatI'
ve
hardly_______
___,soIreallyenjoy ed______
__ __
.Istartwor kearl
y,soIusuall
y___
_ __
___ _but
yesterdaywasanexcept ion.Ididn'tthi
nk.Igoti nt
obedandmusthav efal
lenasleep,because
thenextt hi
ngIknewmyl andladywasshaki ngme, say
ingshewassor r
ytowakemeatsuch
_________
_ ,
butshet houghttherewasabur glarinthekitchen".

"
Wel
lwher
ewasherhusband?
"

"Mr.Di
ck'sworki
ngont henight
-shift
,andIwastheonl
ymaninthehouse.Iam usual
lya
coward,butIdo___
_______
,soIgr abbedmytennisr
acket
,whi
chwastheonlythingIcoul
dthi
nk
of____
______
,andcreptdownstair
s".

"
Andt
hen?
"

"Isawadar kfi
gurei
nt hekit
chenwit
hakni
fei
nhishand,
readytostr
ike_
_ _
___
___
_.Iwasjust
abouttohithi
m withtheracket
,whenavoi
ceshout
edout"
,"Hey
!It
'sme!ItwasMr.Di
ck.Hehad
forgot
tenhissandwiches"
.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

31.YEAR2001

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
naboutonet
hir
dofi
tsl
engt
handsuggestasui
tabl
e
headi
ng.

Itwasnotf rom wantofper cei

vingthebeautyofext ernalnat
urebutf
rom thedif
ferentwayof
perceivi
ngit,
thattheearlyGreeksdidnotturntheirgeniustopor t
ray
,ei
therincol
ourorin
poetry,t
heoutlines,t
hehues, andcontrast
sofallfairvall
ey,andholdcl
if
fs,andgoldenmoons,
andr osylawnswhi chthei
rbeautif
ulcountryaf
fordsi nlavi
shabundance.

Pri
miti
vepeopl
eneversofarasIknow,
enj
oywheniscal
ledthepi
cturesquei
nnatur
e,wi
l
d
f
orest
s,beet
li
ngcli
ff
s,r
eachesofAlpi
nesnowar
ewiththem gr
eathi
ndrancesofhuman
i
ntercourse,
anddif
fi
cult
iesi
nthewayofagricult
ure.Theyarefur
thermorethehomesoft he
enemiesofmankind,oftheeagl
e,t
hewold,orthet i
ger,
andaremostdanger ousinti
mesof
eart
hquakeortempest.Hencethegrandandstri
kingfeatur
esofnatureareatfi
rstl
ookedupon
wit
hf earanddi
sli
ke.

Idonotsupposet hatGr eeksdiffer

entinther espectform otherpeopl e,exceptt hatt he
frequentoccur r
enceofmount ai
nsandf orestsmadeagr icult
urepecul i
arl
ydi fficul
tand
i
nt ercoursescant y,t
husi ncreasingtheirdisl
i
kef ortheappar entl
yr eckl
esswast einnatur e.We
hav eev eninHomerasi mi larfeeli
ngasr egardsthesea, --theseat hatprov edt hesour ceofall
theirweal thandt hecondi t
ionf omostoft heirgreatness.Bef or
et heyhadl ear nedallthis,they
calledi t"
theunv int
agablesea"andl ookeduponi t
sshor easmer elysomuchwast eland.We
can, therefore,easi
lyunder stand,howint hefir
stbeginningofGr eekar t,ther epresentationof
wi l
dl andscapewoul df i
ndnopl ace,whereas,fruit
fulfi
eldsdidnotsuggestt hemsel v
esasmor e
thant heordinarybackground.Ar tisthoseday swasst rugglingwi thmater i
al naturetowhi chi
t
feltacer tainantagonism.

Therewasnot hi
nginthesoci alci
rcumst ancesoft heGreekstopr oduceanyr ev ol
utioninthi
s
att
it
udedur i
ngt hei
rgreatestdays.TheGr eekrepubl i
csweresmal ltownswher et hepressureof
theci
tyli
fewasnotf el
t.Butassoonast heday soft heGreeksrepubl i
cswer eov er,t
hemen
begantocongr egateforimperialpur
posesi ntoAnt i
och,orAlexandria,orl
astlyintoRome, t
han
weseekt heeffectofnoiseanddustandsmokeandt urmoilbr
eakingouti nt
ot henat ural
l
ongingforruralrestandretir
ementsot hatf r
om Al exander
'sday--Wef i
ndal lki
ndsofaut hors-
-epi
cpoet s,
lyri
cist,
novelist
sandpr eacher s--agreeinginthepreciseofnat ure,itsri
chcolours,
anditsvari
edsounds.( Mohaf f
y :
Rambl esi nGr eece)

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Poet ryisthel anguageofi magi nati

onandt hepassi ons.I trelatest owhat ev ergives
i
mmedi atepleasur eorpai ntohumanmi nd.I tcomeshomet ot hebosomsandbusi nessofmen:
fornot hingbutwhatcomeshomet ot hem int hemostgener alandi nt ell
igibl
eshapecanbea
subjectofpoet ry.Poet ryistheuni versallanguagewhi cht hehear thol dswi thnat ureandi tself
.
Hewhohasacont emptf orpoet rycannothav emuchr espectf orhi msel forf orany t
hingel se.
What ev ertherei sasenseofbeaut y,
orpower ,orharmony ,asi nthemot i
onoft hewav esoft he
sea,int hegr owt hofaf lower,ther eispoet ryini tsbirt
h.I fhistoryisagr avest udy ,poetrymay
besai dt obegr aver ,
itsmat eri
al sliedeeper ,andar espr eadwi der.Hi storyt r
eat s,forthemost
part,cumber someandunwi eldymassesoft hings, t
heempt ycasesi nwhi cht heaf fair
soft he
wor l
dar epacked, undert heheadsofi ntr
igueorwar ,i
ndi fferentst ates, andf rom cent ur yto
centur ybutther ei snot houghoff eeli
ngt hatcanhav eent eredi ntot hemi ndofmanwhi chhe
wouldbeeagert ocommuni cat etoot hers, ortheywoul dl i
stent owi t hdel i
ght, thatisnotaf it
subjectf orpoet ry.Itisnotabr anchofaut horshi p:i
tis"thest uffofwhi chourl i
feismade" .The
restismer eobl ivi
on, adeadl et t
er, f
oral l
thati swor thr emember i
nggi nl i
feist hepoet r
yofi t.
Fearispoet r
y ,hopei spoet ry,lovei spoet ry,hat redispoet ry.Poet ryi sthatf i
nepar ti
clewi thinus
thatexpands, refines,raisesourwhol ebei ng; withoutwhi ch" man' sl if
ei spoorasbeast s".In
fact,mani sapoet icalanimal.Thechi l
disapoetwhenhef irstplay shi deandseek, orr epeats
thest oryofJackt heGi antKil
ler ,t
heshepher d- -boyisapoetwhenhef ir
stcr ownshi smi stress
withagar l
andoffl
owers;t
hecountr
ymanwhenhest opstol
ookatther ainbow;themiserwhen
hehugshi sgol
d;thecourt
ierwhenhebui
ldshi
shopeuponasmi l
e;thev ain,t
heambiti
ousthe
proud,thechol
eri
cman, t
heheroandthecoward,
thebeggarandtheking, al
ll
iveinaworldof
thei
rownmaki ng;andthepoetdoesnomorethandescri
bewhatallot
her sthi
nkandact .
(Hazli
tt
)

(
i)I
nwhatsensei
spoet
ryt
hel
anguageoft
hei
magi
nat
ionandt
hepassi
on?

(
ii
)Howi
spoet
ryt
heUni
ver
sal
Languageoft
hehear
t?

(
ii
i)Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenhi
stor
yandpoet
ry?

(
iv)Expl
aint
hephr
ase:
"Mani
sapoet
ical
ani
mal
".

(
v)Whatar
esomeoft
heact
ionswhi
chHazl
i
ttcal
l
spoet
ryandi
tsdoer
spoet
?

(
vi)Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngex
pressi
onsi
nthepassage.

(
a)I
trel
atest
owhat
evergi
vesi
mmedi
atepl
easur
eorpai
ntohumanheat
.

(
b)Asenseofbeaut
y,orpower
,orhar
mony
.

(
c)Cumber
someandunwi
eldymassesoft
hings.

(
d)I
tist
hest
uffofwhi
chourl
i
fei
smade.

(
e)Thepoetdoesnomor
ethandescr
ibewhatal
lot
her
sthi
nkandact
.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300)onONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Moder
nhi
stor
yregi
ster
ssopr
imar
yandr
api
dchangest
hati
tcannotr
epeati
tsel
f

(
ii
)Thegol
denr
ulei
sthatt
her
eisnotgol
denr
ule.(
G.B.Shaw)

(
ii
i)Cr
isi
stest
sthet
ruemet
tl
eofman

(
iv)I
tisexcel
l
entt
ohav
eagi
ant
'
sst
rengt
h;buti
tist
yranni
cal
tousei
tli
keagi
ant
.

4.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Hi
swi
sdom consi
stedofhi
shandl
i
ngt
hedanger
oussi
tuat
ionsuccessf
ull
y.

(
ii
)Manyagi
rl
swer
eappear
ingi
ntheexami
nat
ion.

(
ii
i)Thev
ehi
clesr
unf
ast
lyont
heMot
orway
.

(
iv)Smoki
ngi
sinj
uri
ousofheal
th.

(
v)Heav
ail
edoft
hissi
tuat
ionv
eryi
ntel
l
igent
ly.

(
vi)Thebl
ackv
ermi
nisanodi
ouscr
eat
ure.
(
vii
)Whatt
ospeakofmean,
even,
veget
abl
eswer
enotav
ail
abl
enow.

(
vii
i
)Nosoonerwel
eftourhomewheni
tst
art
edr
aini
ng.

(
ix)Li
tt
lemoneyIhadIspentont
heway
.

(
x)Thecr
imi
nal
wassentont
hegoal
.

5.UseFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
encest
omaket
hei
rmeani
ngcl
ear
.

(
i)Thet
eami
ngmeani
ngs

(
ii
)Theki
ckt
hebucket

(
ii
i)Topusht
othewal
l
s

(
iv)Tor
eadbet
weent
hel
i
nes

(
v)Tobeatdagger
sdr
awn

(
vi)Tot
hrowdownt
hegaunt
let

(
vii
)TobeaGr
eek

(
vii
i
)Tost
andoncer
emony

(
ix)Fr
om t
hehor
se'
smout
h

(
x)Tocar
ryt
hecr
oss

6.UseFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
ences.

(
i)Br
ooch,
Broad

(
ii
)Col
l
usi
on,
Col
l
isi
on

(
ii
i)Fai
n,Fei
gn

(
iv)Hoar
d,Hor
de

(
v)I
ll
usi
on,
Del
usi
on

(
vi)Per
secut
e,Pr
osecut
e

(
vii
)Pr
escr
ibe,
Proscr
ibe

(
vii
i
)Respect
ful
l
y,Respect
ivel
y

(
ix)Compl
ecent
,Compl
aisant

7.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
alogueandpl
acet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
dsi
nitatpr
operpl
aces.
(
i)Sweat
ingawayasusual

(
ii
)Heal
thf
ir
st,
exam second

(
ii
i)Cany
oust
urywhi
l
econf
inedt
obed

(
iv)Hasany
onebemar
ket
edany
wher
e?

(
v)Anunwant
edcommodi
ty

(
vi)Asl
ongast
her
eisl
i
fe,
theri
shope

(
vii
)Youwi
l
lbecomeat
hin,
gaunt
,hal
f-
bli
ndweal
ki
ngwi
thsunkencheeksandhaggar
dlooks.

(
vii
i
)Onceagai
ngr
woi
ntoar
ose-
cheekedy
oungman.

(
ix)Ther
eisnodev
iat
ionf
ormi
t.

(
x)Thepar
ingofway
s.

Goodmor
ningWaseem _
___
___
___andl
ooki
ngpal
e.Comeouti
ntheopen.

Iam sor
ry,
Nadeem.Icannotdot
hat
.Theexami
nat
ioni
sdr
awi
ngnearandIwantt
iut
il
izeev
ery
minutef
orit
sprepar
ati
on.

Tohel
lwi
thexams_
___
___
___

Wel
l,heal
thisgoodbutf
ail
urei
sbad.Ther
efor
e,oneshoul
dtakebooksandst
udyt
hem f
ort
he
Uni
versi
tyexam.

Supposeyougrowint
oabookwor
m andasar esul
tfal
li
ll
.____
_____
_Agai
n,manyboyswork
hardandgetdegr
ees.Doy
outhi
nktheygetj
obs.Oursociet
yisfl
oodedwi
thgraduat
esbut
___
_____
__?Theyarer
oami
ngaboutwit
hdegreesinthei
rhand.Theyar
e____
_____
_.

Well
.Degreeisanornamenti
nitsel
f,j
obornojob.Besides,t
herei
snoneedt
obehopeless.I
am sur
ewhenIgetadegr eewit
hagoodgr ade,Iam suretogetaj
obinaGover
nmentoffi
ceor
i
napr i
vat
ef i
rm.Youknowthat____
_____
_.

Well,howshoul
dIexpl
aint
oy outheblessi
ngofagoodhealth.I
fyouconti
nuet
readi
ngont
his
path,____
___
___
.Pl
easecomei nt
othef r
eshai
rtakeexer
ciseandplaysomegameand
___
_ _
_ _
___Don'
tgr
owoldprematurel
y.

Pleaseli
sten,Iwantt
obeagr
aduat
ethi
syear
,nowornev
er.Ihav
emadeupmymi
ndf
ort
his
and_ _
_______
_ .

Wel
l
,ift
hisi
syourai
m,t
hen_
___
___
___

By
e

By
e
Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

32.YEAR2002

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
het
hegi
venpassage,
alsogi
veasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

'
Theof ficialnameofourspeci esi shomosapi ens;butt herearemanyant hropologistswho
prefertot hinkofmanashomoFabcr -thcsmi th, t
hemakeroft ools.Itwoul dbepossi ble,Ithi
nk,
toreconci letheset wodef initi
onsi nat hird.Ifmani saknowerandanef fici
entdoer ,
itisonl y
becausehei salsoat alker.Inor dert obeFaberandSapi ens, Homomustf i
rstbeloquax, the
l
oquaci ousone.Wi thoutl anguageweshoul dmer el
ybehai rlesschi mpanzees.I ndeedwe
shouldbesomet hingmuchwor se.Possessedofahi ghI Qbutnol anguage, weshouldbel i
ke
theYahoosofGul l
iver'sTr avels.Cr eaturest oocl evertobegui dedbyi nstinct,t
oosel f
-centered
toli
v einast ateofani mal grace, andt her eforecondemnedf orever, f
rustratedandmal ignant,
betweencont entedape- hoodandaspi ringhumani t
y.I
twasl anguaget hatmadepossi blethe
accumul at i
onofknowl edgeandt hebr oadcast ingofi nformat i
on.I twasl anguaget hatper mitt
ed
theexpr essionofr el i
giousi nsight ,thef ormul ationofet hical i
deals, t
hecodi fi
cati
onofl aws.I t
wasl anguage, inawor d, t
hatt urnedusi ntohumanbei ngsandgav ebi rtht ocivi
li
zati
on.

2.Readt
hegiv
enpassage,
thengi
vebr
iefanswer
stot
hequest
ionspl
acedatt
heendi
nyour
ownwords.

Therei si
ndeed, somethinginexpressiblypl
easi
ngi ntheannual renovati
onofthewor l
dand
thenewdi splayofthetreasuresofnat ure.Thedarknessandcoldofwi nterwit
hthenaked
defor
mityofev eryobject,onwhichwet urnoureyes,makeusr ejoiceatt hesucceedi
ngseason,
aswellforwhatwehav eescaped, asf orwhatwemayenj oy.Everybuddi ngfl
ower,whicha
warm si
tuationbringsearlytoourv i
ew, i
sconsideredbyusamessengert onoti
fytheapproach
ofmorej oyousday s.

Thespringaf f
ordstoami ndfr
eefr
om t hedist
urbanceofcar esorpassionsalmost
everythi
ngt hatourpresentstatemakesuscapabl eofenjoying.Thevariegat
edVer dureofthe
fi
eldsandwoods, thesuccessionofgrat efulor
dours,t
hev oiceofpleasurepouri
ngouti t
snotes
onev erysi
de, wit
ht hegladnessapparent l
yconceivedbyev eryanimalfrom t
hegrowt hofit
s
foodandt hecl emencyoft heweather
, throwov erthewholeear t
hanai rofgai
ety,signi
fi
cantl
y
expressedbysmi l
eofnat ure.(
Samuel JohnSon)

Quest
ions

(
i)Gi
vet
hemeani
ngsoft
heunder
li
nedexpr
essi
onsi
nthepassagei
nyourownwor
ds.

(
ii
)Howdoesanear
lybuddi
ngf
lowerbecomeamessengerofhappyday
s?

(
ii
i)Who,
accor
dingt
othewr
it
er,
canmaket
hebestoft
hespr
ingseason?

(
iv)Whyar
eal
lani
mal
sgl
adatt
heappr
oachofspr
ing?

(
v)Suggestat
it
lef
ort
hepassage.
3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsubj
ect
s.

(
i)Thewi
ndsar
eal
way
sont
hesi
deoft
heabl
estnav
igat
or

(
ii
)Keepy
ourf
acet
othesunshi
neandy
oucannotseet
heshade.

(
ii
i)I
nst
rat
egyi
tisi
mpor
tantt
oseedi
stantt
hingscl
ose,
andt
akeadi
stantv
iewofcl
oset
hings.

(
iv)Youwi
l
lfi
ndpoet
rynowher
eunl
essy
oubr
ingsomewi
thy
ou.

4.Changet
hev
oiceoft
hev
erbi
nthef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Thepr
oduct
ionofCashCr
opsdi
rect
lyaf
fect
stheeconomyofanagr
icul
tur
alcount
ry.

(
ii
)Theaccel
erat
edcarspedpastt
het
raf
fi
csi
gnal
andcr
ashedi
ntoav
anandki
l
ledt
women.

(
ii
i)Thest
udent
swer
easkedt
osubmi
ttheassi
gnmentbef
oret
heendoft
heday
.

(
iv)Thenewbudgetwasbei
ngdi
scussed.

(
v)TheManagerhasannouncedabonusf
oral
lthewor
ker
s.

(
vi)Thepol
i
cechasedt
hedacoi
tandf
inal
l
yar
rest
edhi
m.

(
vii
)Itwasdi
ff
icul
ttof
ini
sht
hewor
kont
ime.

(
vii
i
)Atl
astt
hespeechendedandpr
izeswer
edi
str
ibut
ed.

(
ix)Shemanagesherdut
ies,
wit
houtanyhel
p,despi
teherbl
i
ndness.

(
x)Iappr
eci
atey
ouref
for
tsandhopey
ouwi
l
lcont
inuei
nthesamef
ashi
on.

5.Changet
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
encesf
rom Di
rectSpeecht
oIndi
rectSpeech.

(
i)"
Hur
rah!
"Sai
dthecapt
ainoft
het
eam,
"wewont
hemat
ch"
.

(
ii
)"Pl
easeSi
r,t
akepi
tyont
hepoorbeggarwoman"
,thewr
etchedol
dwomanaskedf
oral
ms.

(
ii
i)Theysay
,"I
sthi
sther
ightt
imet
oar
ri
ve?Ar
en'
tyouf
orget
ti
ngsomet
hing?
"

(
iv)Heof
tensay
s,"
Iam al
way
swi
l
li
ngt
ohel
ptheneedy
,ifIam assur
edt
heyar
ereal
l
yinneed.
"

(
v)Themast
ersai
d,"
Howl
ongwi
l
lyout
akei
nwar
mingmymeal
?"

(
vi)Theboysai
d,"
Alas!Icoul
dnotpassmyexami
nat
ion"
.

(
vii
)"Comeher
equi
ckl
yandwor
koutt
hispr
obl
em ont
hebl
ackboar
d"sai
dthet
eacher
.

(
vii
i
)"Whatal
ovel
yev
eni
ng!
"Sai
dIr
um.

(
ix)"
Whati
sthenameoft
hisbeaut
if
ulbui
l
ding?
"askedt
hev
isi
tor
.
(
x)Hesai
d,"
Sitdownov
erher
eanddon'
tmov
eunt
ilIal
l
owy
ou"
.

6.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Ishal
lnotcomeher
eunl
essy
ouwi
l
lnotcal
lme.

(
ii
)Hedoesnothav
esomedev
oti
onf
ort
hepr
ojecty
ouhav
egi
venhi
m.

(
ii
i)Iwentt
oei
theroft
hef
ourhi
l
lst
ati
ons.

(
iv)Whodi
dyoumeetony
ourwayt
oschool
?

(
v)Youmustr
emembert
haty
ouar
ejuni
ort
hanHami
d.

(
vi)Asl
am,
aswel
las,
hisf
ourf
ri
endswer
epl
anni
ngt
ovi
sitt
hemuseum.

(
vii
)Wher
eyouwenti
nthev
acat
ion?

(
vii
i
)Thi
sist
hey
oungestandmosti
ntel
l
igentofmyt
wosons.

(
ix)Hei
soneoft
hosewhoal
way
ssucceed.

(
x)Icongr
atul
atey
ouf
ory
oursuccess.

7.Makesent
enceswi
tht
hegi
veni
diomat
icphr
asessot
hatt
hei
rmeani
ngbecomecl
ear
.

(
i)Takeaback

(
ii
)Takeaf
ter

(
ii
i)Takef
or

(
iv)Takei
l
l

(
v)Takeof
f

(
vi)Takeov
er

(
vii
)Taket
o

(
vii
i
)Taket
otask

(
ix)Taket
oone'
sheel
s

(
x)Takewi
thagr
ainorpi
nchofsal
t

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

33.YEAR2003

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandgi
veasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.
 I
fthenapr acti
calendmustbeassi gnedt oaUni v ersi t
ycour se, Isayi tisthatoft raininggood
member sofasoci ety.Itsar ti sthear tofsoci allife,andi tsendi sfitnessf orthewor l
d.I tneither
conf i
nesi tsv i
ewst opar ticularpr of essi onsont heonehand, norcr eat esher oesori nspires
geniusont heot her.Wor ksindeedofgeni usf allundernotar t;heroicmi ndscomeundernor ule:
aUni versityisnotabi r
thpl aceofpoet sorofi mmor tal author s,offounder sofschool s, l
eader s
ofcol onies,orconquer orsofnat i
ons.I tdoesnotpr omi seagener ationofAr i
stotleorNewt ons
ofNapol eonsorWashi ngt onsofRaphael sorShakespear est hroughsuchmi raclesofnat ureit
hasbef orenowcont ainedwi thini tspr eci ncts.Nori si tcont entont heot herhandwi t
hf orming
thecr i
ticort heexper i
ment alist,theeconomi stort heengi neer ,tr
oughsucht ooi tincludes
withinitsscope.ButaUni versityt rainingi st hegr eator di
nar ymeanst oagr eator dinaryend; i
t
aimsatr aisi
ngt heintellectual toneofsoci ety,atcul ti
v ati
ngt hepubl icmi nd,atpur if
yingt he
national taste,atsupply i
ngt ruepr incipl est opopl araspi r
ations.Itist heeducat ionwhi chgiv esa
manacl earconsciousv iewofhi sownopi nionsandj udgment s,at r
ut hindev elopingt hem, an
eloquencei nexpressingt hem, andaf or ceinur gingt hem, itteacheshi mt oselectt hingsas
theyar e,togor i
ghttot hepoi nt,todi sent angleaskei noft hough, todet ectwhati ssophi sti
cal
andt odi scardwhati si rrelevant .Itpr epar eshi mt of il
l anypostwi thcr edit,andt omast erany
subjectwi t
hf aci
li
ty.(JohnH.Nswman)

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Myf at herwasbacki nwor kwi thi

nday sofhi sr eturnhome.Hehadaspel li
nt heshipyar d,
wher ethel ostoft hegr eatBel f
astl i
ners, t
heCANBERRA, wasunderconst ructi
on,andt hen
mov edt oanel ectronicsf i
rmi nt heeastoft hecity .(
Thesewer etheday swhencomput erswer e
thesi zeofsmal lhousesandwer ebui ltbysheetmet alwor ker
s).Ashor tti
meaf t
erhest artedin
thi
sj ob, oneofhi scol leagueswassackedf ortakingof ftimetogetmar ri
ed.Thewor kf
or ce
wentonst ri
ket ogett hecol leaguer einstated.Thedi spute,dubbedt heHoney moonSt r
ike, made
theBel fastpaper s.Mymot hert oldmenotl ongagot hatsheandmyf ather,wit
hf ouryoung
sons, wer ehitsohar dbyt hatst rike,t
hatf ory earsaf ter
war dstheywer efinancial
lyspeaki ng,
runningt ost andst il
l
.Idon' tknowhowt hest ri
keended, butwhet herornott hecolleaguegothi s
oldjobback, hewassooni nanot her,betterone.Ir ememberv isit
inghi m andhi swi f
ewhenI
wasst i
llquitey oung,int heirnewbungal owi nBelfastnor thernsubur bs.Ibel i
evetheyleft
Belfastsoonaf tertheTr oublesbegan.

Myf atherthenwast hirty-

seven,theageIam t oday .MyHi therandIar ef atherandson, whi
ch
i
st osaywear eclosewi thoutknowi ngv erymuchaboutoneanot her.Wet alkaboutev ents,
rat
hert hanemot ions.Wekeepf r
om eachot hercertai
nofourhopesandf ear sanddoubt s.I
havenev erforinstanceaskedmyf atherwhetherhehasdwel tont hedi r
ection, hisl
ifemight
havet akeni fatcertainmoment shehadmadecer tainotherchoi ces.What ev er,hefound
himsel f
,wi t
hami ll
ionandahal fofhisf el
l
ows, l
iv
inginwhatwasi nallbutnameaci v
ilwar.As
agr ownupIt ryof t
ent oi magi newhati tmustbel i
ket obef acedwi thsuchasi t
uati
on.What ,i
n
theprev i
ouscour seofy ourlif
e,preparesy ouforarri
ving,asmyf atherdid,att hesceneofa
bombbl astcloset oy ourbr other'
splaceofwor kandseei ngwhaty ousuppose, from thecolour
ofthehai r,tobey ourbr ot herlyi
ngint heroad,onlytof i
ndthaty ouar ecradlingt heremainsofa
woman?( GlennPat terson)
(
i)From y
ourreadi
ngoft
hepassagewhatdoy
oui
nferaboutt
henat
ureoft
he"
Troubl
es"t
he
wri
termenti
ons.

(
ii
)Whataccor
dingt
othewr
it
erwer
ethewor
kingcondi
ti
onsi
ntheEl
ect
roni
csf
ir
m wher
ehi
s
f
atherwor
ked?

(
ii
i)Whywashi
sfat
her
'scol
l
eaguesacked?

(
iv)Howdoest
hewr
it
ershowt
hatasf
atherandsont
heydonotknowmuchabouteachot
her
?

(
v)Expl
aint
heunder
li
nedwor
ds/
phr
asesi
nthepassage:

Madet
heBel
fastpaper
s,Hadaspel
l
,Dubbed,
Wassacked,
Hithar
d

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300)wor
dsonONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Lot
sofpeopl
econf
usebadmanagementwi
thdensi
ty

(
ii
)Ifawi
ndowofoppor
tuni
tyappear
sdon'
tpul
ldownt
heshade

(
ii
i)Wear
eal
li
ncl
i
nedt
ojudgeour
sel
vesbyouri
deal
s:ot
her
sbyt
hei
ract

(
iv)Goodwi
l
lisear
nedbymanyact
s:i
tcanbel
ostbyone.

4.Changet
hev
oiceoft
hev
erbi
nthef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Theassassi
nsshott
hel
eaderi
nbr
oadday
li
ght
.

(
ii
)ThePr
esi
denti
naugur
atedt
heMot
orwayr
ecent
ly.

(
ii
i)Wi
l
lyounegot
iat
ethemat
terwi
tht
heopposi
ti
on?

(
iv)Whyshoul
dIbesuspect
edbyy
ou?

(
v)Theest
abl
i
shmenti
spl
easedwi
thy
ourper
for
mance.

(
vi)Thepar
li
amentmember
sgav
eahar
dti
met
othepr
imemi
nist
er.

(
vii
)Thepr
isoner
sinCubaar
ebei
ngt
reat
edcr
uel
l
ybyt
heso-
cal
l
edHumanRi
ght
scust
odi
ans.

(
vii
i
)Thepr
esentGov
ernmenti
sser
vingt
hepeopl
ehonest
ly.

(
ix)Whodi
dthi
s?

(
x)ThePal
est
ini
ansar
eav
engi
ngt
hedeat
hoft
hei
rleader
s.

5.Changet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
orepor
tedspeech.

(
i)"
Thi
sisy
ourhouse,
ins'
ti
t?"askedJemmi
e.

(
ii
)"Wher
edoy
ouwantt
obedr
opped?
"sai
dthet
axi
dri
ver
.
(
ii
i)"
Cal
lthef
ir
stwi
tness"
,sai
dthej
udge.

(
iv)"
Don'
tbl
amehi
mfort
heacci
dent
",t
heboy
'smot
hersai
d.

(
v)Hesai
d,"IbangedonCl
i
ffsdoorbuthedi
nnotanswer
".

(
vi)"
Wher
eist
heboat
?Hur
ryupwear
ebei
ngchased"
.shecr
ied.

(
vii
)"Ihav
elostmyway
.Cany
oudi
rectmet
othePostOf
fi
cepl
ease?
"sai
dtheol
dlady
.

(
vii
i
)Hesai
dtome,
"Whatapi
tyy
oumi
ssedsuchandi
mpor
tantmeet
ing"
.

(
ix)"
Howwonder
ful
!Whydi
dn'
tyousuggestt
hispl
anear
li
er?
"

(
x)Hesai
d,"
Let
'swai
tti
l
lther
oadget
scl
ear
ed"
.

6.Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Thehost
elpr
ovi
desboar
dingandl
odgi
ngt
ost
udent
s.

(
ii
)Mycousi
n-br
otherwi
l
lcomet
omeetme.

(
ii
i)Hel
i
vesbacksi
deofmyhouse.

(
iv)Youhav
ereadi
t.I
sn'
ti
t?

(
v)Wedi
scussedaboutt
hisquest
ion.

(
vi)Iam st
udy
ingi
nanUni
ver
sit
yforany
ear
.

(
vii
)Nei
therhenorIar
eatf
aul
t.

(
vii
i
)Thecommi
tt
eehav
eissuedanot
ice.

(
ix)Onemustboastofhi
sgr
eatqual
i
ties.

(
x)I
tisoneoft
hebestspeechest
hathasev
erbeenmadei
ntheGener
alAssembl
y.

7.Uset
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Ki
ckt
hebucket

(
ii
)Bol
tfr
om t
hebl
ue

(
ii
i)Puty
ourf
ootdown

(
iv)Wor
thy
oursal
t

(
v)Downt
hedr
ain

(
vi)Al
lcar
s
(
vii
)Swansong

(
vii
i
)CheekbyJowl

(
ix)I
nanut
shel
l

(
x)Gi
vemef
ive

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

34.YEAR2004

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

We' redeal i
ngwi thav erydr amat icandv eryf undament alpar adi gm shi fther e, Youmayt ryt o
l
ubr icatey oursoci al i
nt eractionswi thper sonal itytechni quesandski l
ls, buti nt hepr ocess, y ou
mayt runcat et hevitalchar act erbase.Youcan' thav et hef ruit
swi thoutt her oot s.It '
st he
principleofsequenci ng: Privatev ict orypr ecedesPubl icVi ctory .Sel f-mast eryandsel f-
discipl i
ne
aret hef oundat i
onofgoodr elationshi pwi thot hers.Somepeopl esayt haty ouhav et ol i
ke
your selfbef orey oucanl ikeot her s.It hinkt hati deahasmer i
tbuti fy oudon' tknowy our self,if
youdon' tcont rolyour self,ifyoudon' thav emast eryov ery oursel f, i
t'sv er yhar dt ol ikey our self,
excepti nsomeshor t
-term, psy ch- up, super fici
al way .Real self-respectcomesf orm domi nion
oversel ff r
om t r
uei ndependence.I ndependencei sanachi evement .Int erdependencei sa
choi ceonl yi ndependentpeopl ecanmake.Unl esswear ewi ll
ingt oachi ev er eal independence,
i
t'sf ooli
sht ot r
ytodev elophumanr elat i
onsski ll
s.Wemi ghtt ry.Wemi ghtev enhav esome
degr eeofsuccesswhent hesuni sshi nning.Butwhent hedi fficul tt i
mescome-andt heywi l
l-
Wewon' thav ethef oundat iont okeept hingst oget her.Themosti mpor tanti ngr edi entweput
i
ntoanyr elationshipisnotwhatwesayorwhatwedo, butwhatwear e.Andi fourwor dsand
ouract i
onscomef orm super ficial humanr elationst echniques( thePer sonal i
t yEt hic)r ather
thanf rom ourowni nnercor e( theChar acterEt hic),other swi l
l senset hatdupl i
ci t
y.Wesi mpl y
won' tbeabl et ocreat eandsust aint hef oundat i
onnecessar yf oref fectiv ei nter dependence.The
techni quesandski l
l t
hatr eal l
ymakeadi f f
erencei nhumani nter act ionar et heonest hatal most
nat urall
yf l
owf rom at rulyindependentchar acter.Sot hepl acet obegi nbui l
dinganyr elationship
i
si nsideour selves, i
nsideourCi rcleofI nf l
uence, ourownchar act er.Aswebecomei ndependent
-Pr oactive, centeredi ncor rectpr inci ples, valuedr iveandabl et oor gani zeandexecut earound
thepr iorit
iesi nourl if
ewi thintegr ity-wet hencanchooset obecomei nt erdependent-capabl e
ofbui ldingr ich,endur i
ng, highl ypr oduct i
v erelat i
onshipswi thot herpeopl e.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionsgi
venatt
heendi
nyourownwor
ds.

Wel ookbeforeandaf ter

,wroteShel l
ey,andpi neforwhatisnot .I
tissaidthatthisiswhat
di
sti
nguishesusf r
om t heanimalsandt heyt hey,unli
keus,li
vealwaysf orandinthemov ement
andhav enei
therhopesnorr egrets.Whethert iissoornotIdonotknowy eti
tisundoubt edl
y
oneofourdisti
nguishingment alattr
ibut
es: wear eactuall
yconsciousofourl i
feintimeandnot
merelyofourli
featthemomentofexper iencingit.Andasar esultwefindmanygr oundfor
melancholyandforeboding.Someofuspr ostrateoursel
vesont heroadwayi nTr afal
gar
Squar eori nfrontoft heAmer i
canEmbassybecausewear efearful t
hatourl i
ves,ormor e
disinterest edl
yt hoseofourdescendant swi l
l becutshor tbynucl earwar.Ifonlyassqui rrelsor
but t
erfli
esar esupposedt odo,wecoul dl etthef uturel ookaf t
eri t
selfandbecont enttoenj oy
thepl easur esoft hemor ningbreakf ast,thebr ickwal ktot heof fi
cet hr
oughaut umnal mi stor
wint erfog, themi d-daysunshinet hatsomet imesf l
oodst hroughwi ndows, t
hewar m, peacef ul
wint erev eningsbyt hef i
resi
deathome.Yetal loccasi onsf orthecont entmentar esoof ten
spoi l
edf orus, toagr eateroflesserdegr eebyouri ndividualtemper ament s,bythisstrange
humancapaci tyforforebodingandr egret-regr etoft hingswhi chwecannotundoand
forebodi ngf orthingswhi chmaynev erhappenatal l.Indeedwer eitnotfort hefactthatov er
breaki ngt hroughourhumanobsessi onswi t
ht het ragedyoft i
me, soenablingust oenjoyatany
ratesomef l
eetingmoment suntroubl edbyv ai ny earningorappr ehension,ourlifewoul dnotbe
i
nt olerableatal l.Asitis,wecontrive, everyoneofus, tospoi li
tt oar emarkabledegr ee.

(
i)Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenourl
i
feandt
hel
i
feofanani
mal
?

(
ii
)Whati
sther
esul
tofhumananxi
ety
?

(
ii
i)Howdoest
hewr
it
ercompar
emant
othebut
ter
fl
iesandsqui
rr
els?

(
iv)Howdoesanxi
etyaboutf
utur
edi
stur
bourdai
l
yli
fe?

(
v)Howcanwemakeourl
i
fet
oler
abl
e?

(
vi)Expl
aint
heunder
li
nedwor
ds/
phr
asesi
nthepassage.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Onemaysmi
l
eandsmi
l
e,andbeav
il
lai
n

(
ii
)Gat
hery
erosebudswhi
l
eyemay
.

(
ii
i)Nosensi
blemanev
ermadeanapol
ogy

(
iv)Ourt
hought
sar
eour
s,t
hei
rendsnoneofourown

4.(
a)Chooset
hewor
ldt
hati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othewor
ldi
ncapi
tal
let
ter
s.

(
i)ARCHI
PELAGO:
(reef
,gl
aci
er,
clust
erofi
slands,
lagoon)

(
ii
)PI
AZZA:
(cheesedi
sh,
ver
anda,
publ
i
csquar
e,st
yleordash)

(
ii
i)BAKLAVA:
(st
ri
ngedi
nst
rument
,desser
t,whi
ningdance,
grat
uit
y)

(
iv)I
ONI
C:(
Indi
anst
onemonument
,Gr
eekar
chi
tect
ure,
Romanscul
ptur
e,Medi
ter
raneanSea)

(
v)CI
CERONE:
(teacher
,li
ter
arycl
assi
c,chaper
one,
gui
de)

(
b)Pi
ckt
heonemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.

(
i)DESI
CCATE:
(lengt
hen,
hal
l
ow,
exoner
ate,
sat
urat
e,anest
het
ize)
(i
i)APOTHEOSIS:(
departur
efrom tr
adit
ion,
impat
iencewi
thst
upi
dit
y,demot
ionf
rom gl
ory
,
surrendert
oimpul
se,causeforgr
ief)

(
ii
i)SPUNK:
(success,
timi
dit
y,gr
owi
ngawar
eness,
lossofpr
est
ige,
lackofi
ntel
l
igence)

(
iv)CAVI
L:(
discer
n,di
scl
ose,
int
roduce,
flat
ter
,commend)

(
v)RAUCOUS:
(or
der
ly,
absor
bent
,buoy
ant
,mel
l
ifl
uous,
cont
ent
ious)

5.(
a)Changet
heVoi
ceofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)I
nter
nat
ional
Humani
tar
ianLawf
orbi
dsact
ionsl
eadi
ngt
ounnecessar
ydeat
handsuf
fer
ing.

(
ii
)Whyshoul
dIant
agoni
zey
ou?

(
ii
i)LetManchoobet
oldaboutt
hej
okesofMul
l
aNasi
ruddi
n.

(
iv)Whyhav
ether
oadsnotbeenconst
ruct
edbyt
hegov
ernmenti
nthi
spar
toft
hecount
ry?

(
v)Donotki
l
lyourabi
l
itybyr
oami
ngi
nthest
reet
s.

(
vi)Yourcousi
nisdr
awi
ngal
argesum ofmoneyf
rom hi
saccount
.

(
vii
)Bui
l
dyourhousewhencementi
scheap.

(
b)Cor
rectanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Passi
ngt
hrought
endi
ff
erentci
ti
es,
Kar
achi
ist
hemostact
ive.

(
ii
)Hewasl
aidupf
orsi
xweekwi
tht
wobr
okenr
ibs.

(
ii
i)Someoneshowedt
hev
isi
tor
sint
her
oom.

(
iv)Unt
ily
our
emai
nidl
eyouwi
l
lmakenopr
ogr
ess.

(
v)I
tisv
erywr
ongt
obedev
otedt
oly
ingandcheat
ing.

(
vi)Het
oldmet
hathei
swai
ti
ngf
ormesi
nceal
ongt
ime.

(
vii
)Thehousest
oodupi
nthedul
lst
reetbecauseofi
tsr
eddoor
.

(
vii
i
)Hebr
oughtt
hear
ti
clest
othemar
ketwhi
chhewant
edt
osel
l
.

6.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Tobr
inggr
istt
othemi
l
l

(
ii
)Setone'
scapat

(
ii
i)Todr
awt
hel
ongbow
(
iv)Tosendaper
sont
oCov
ent
ry

(
v)Beerandski
tt
les

(
vi)Theaci
dtest

(
vii
)Askel
etoni
nthecupboar
d

(
vii
i
)Todi
scov
eramar
e'snest

(
b)UseFIVEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ngs.

(
i)Auger
,Augur

(
ii
)Fai
n,Fei
gn

(
ii
i)Emi
grat
e,I
mmi
grat
e

(
iv)Env
y,Jeal
ousy

(
v)I
nvade,
Att
ack

(
vi)Tr
if
li
ng,
Tri
vi
al

(
vii
)Si
mul
ati
on,
Dissi
mul
ati
on

(
vii
i
)Venal
,Veni
al

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

35.YEAR2005

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

Basically,psychosesandneur osesr epr esentman' sinabil

i
tyt omai ntainabal ancedor
equat edpol ari
tyinconduct i
nghi sl ife.Theegobecomesexcl usivelyordeci dedlyonesi ded.In
psy chosest hereisacompl etecol lapseoft heegobacki ntothei nnerr ecessesoft heper sonal
andcol l
ectiveunconsciouses.Whenhei sr epressedtowar dfulf
ill
ingsomel if
egoal andwher e
hei sfurtherunabl etosublimat ehi msel ftowar danothergoal,manr egr essesi nt ogoal
structuresnotact uallyacceptablet ohi msel fortothesociety.St r
ongemot ional si
cknessoft he
psy chotictypei sli
kehav i
ngt heshadowr unwi l
d.Theentirepsy cher egr essest oarchaic,
animal f
or msofbehav i
ors.Inlesssev eref or msofemot i
onalsicknesst her emaybean
accent uatedandov erpower i
nguseofoneoft hefourment alfunctionsatt heexpenseoft he
othert hree.Eithertaki
ng,feeling, i
ntui t
ingorseei ngmayassumesuchasuper iorroleast o
rendert heot herthreeinoperat i
ve.Theper sonamaybecomesodomi nantast ocr eateat otal
ly
one- si
dedego, asinsomef ormsofneur oticbehav i
or.Alli
nall,what ev ert het ypeofsev erityof
theemot ionaldisorder,i
tcanbet akenasaf ailur
eoft hepsychet omai nt ainapr operbalance
betweent hepol ari
ti
esofl i
fe.Essent iall
y, psy chosesandneur osesar eanal i
enat i
onoft hesel f
from i
tst ruegoalofselfactual
izat
ion.Int hissensethecul tur
eisofnoconsequence.Emotional
disor
deri snotaquest ionbeingoutoft unewi thone'
sculturesomuchasi ti
sofbeingoutof
tunewi thone'sself
.Consequent l
y,neurosi sismor ethanbizarrebehavi
or,especi
all
yasi
tmay
beinter pret
edbycont emporari
esinthecul ture.Thi
sinter
pr et
ati
onav oi
dsthesociol
ogi
cal
questionofwhati sament aldi
sorder,sincef orm ofbehaviorwhi chi
sacceptabl
eononecultur
e
maybeconsi der
edneur ot
icinotherculture.ToJung, thedev i
ationfr
om cult
uralnor
msisnot
thepoi nt.Theinabi
li
tytobalanceoutper sonal pol
ari
ti
esis.

2.Hereisanexcerptf
rom t
heaut
obi
ogr
aphyofashor
tst
orywr
it
er.Readi
tcar
eful
l
yandanswer
thequesti
onsthatfol
l
ow.

Myf atherlov edal linst rument sthatwoul dinstructandf asci nat e.Hi spl acet okeept hi
ngs
wast hedr aweri nt he'libraryt able'wher elyingont hetopofhi sf oldermapwasat elescope
wi t
hbr assext ensi ons, tof i
ndt hemoonandt heBi gDr ipperaftersupperi nourf ronty ard,andto
keepappoi ntment swi thecl ipses.I nthebackoft hedr awery oucoul df i
ndamagni fyinggl ass,a
kaleidoscopeandagy roscopekepti nbl ackbuckr am box, whichhewoul dsentdanci ngf orus
onast ringpul ledt ight.Hehadal sosuppl i
edhi msel fwithanassor tmentofpuzzl escomposed
ofmet al r
ingsandi nter sectingl i
nksandkey schai nedt ogether ,impossi blef orther estofus,
howev er,patient lyshown, tot akeapar t ,hehadanal mostchi ldlikel oveoft hei ngeni ous.I nti
me,
abar omet erwasaddedt oourdi nningr oom wal l
,butwedi dn'tr eallyneedi t.Myf atherhadt he
count ryboy '
saccur ateknowl edgeoft heweat herandi tsskies.Hewentoutandst oodonour
frontst epsf ir
stt hingi nt hemor ningandt ookagoodl ookati tandasni ff.Hewasapr ettygood
weat herpr ophet .Het ol duschi ldrenwhatt odoi fwewer elosti nast rangecount ry.'Lookf or
wher et heskyi sbr ightestal ongt hehor izon',hesai d.'
Ther eflect st henear estriver.St rikeout
forar iveandy ouwi l
lfindhabi t
ation.'Ev entualit
ieswer emuchonhi smi nd.I nhiscar ef orus
childrenhecaut ionedust ot akemeasur esagai nstsucht hi
ngsasbei ngst ruckbyl ight ening.He
drewusal lwayf rom t hewi ndowsdur ingt hesev er eelectri
cal stormst hatar ecommonwher e
wel ive.Mymot herst oodapar t,scof f
ingatcaut i
onasachar act erf ail
ing.SoIdev elopeda
strongmet eorologi cal sensi bili
ty.Inyear saheadwhenIwr otest ories,at mospher et ooki ts
i
nf l
uent ialrolef rom thest art .Commot ioni ntheweat herandt hei nnerf eeli
ngsar ousedbysuch
ahov eringdist urbanceemer gedconnect edi ndramat icf or
m.

(
i)Whydi
dthewr
it
er'
sfat
herspendt
imest
udy
ingt
heski
es?

(
ii
)Whydoest
hewr
it
ert
hinkt
hatt
her
ewasnotneedofabar
omet
er?

(
ii
i)Whatdoest
hebr
ighthor
izonmeantf
ort
hewr
it
er'
sfat
her
?

(
iv)Howdi
dherf
atheri
nfl
uencet
hewr
it
eri
nherl
atery
ear
s?

(
v)Expl
aint
heunder
li
neswor
dsandphr
asesi
nthepassage.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Eachmani
sthear
chi
tectofhi
sowndensi
ty

(
ii
)Ignor
ancei
sbl
i
ss,
knowl
edgewor
ry
(
ii
i)Democr
acyf
ost
ersmedi
ocr
it
y

(
iv)Theyknowenoughwhoknowhowt
olear
n

4.(
a)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othewor
ldi
ncapi
tal
let
ter
s.

(
i)ANATHEMA:
(cur
se,
cur
e,anemi
a,ast
hma)

(
ii
)TORPOR:
(fev
er,
let
har
gy,
taci
tur
n,t
orr
id)

(
ii
i)TOUCHSTONE:
(cr
it
eri
on,
gol
d,char
act
er,
char
act
eri
sti
cs)

(
iv)SEQUESTER:
(el
i
minat
e,f
inal
i
ze,
sedat
e,i
sol
ate)

(
v)DENOUEMENT:
(denunci
ati
on,
dor
mancy
,ter
minat
ion,
expl
anat
ion)

(
b)Pi
ckt
hemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedl
ett
ers.

(
i)DELETERI
OUS:
(nour
ishi
ng,
inj
uri
ous,
vit
al,
fat
al)

(
ii
)VALEDI
CTORY:
(far
ewel
l
,fi
nal
,hopef
ul,
par
ti
ng)

(
ii
i)SEDENTARY:
(af
rai
d,l
oyal
,act
ive,
tor
pid)

(
iv)TURBI
D:(
muddy
,cl
ear
,inv
ari
abl
e,i
mpr
obabl
e)

(
v)PHLEGMATI
C:(
dul
l
,act
ive,
lymphat
ic,
fri
gid)

5.(
a)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech(
doanyf
ive)

(
i)Oursociol
ogyprof
essorsai
d,"
Iexpecty
out
obei
ncl
assev
eryday
.Unexcusedabsences
mayaffectyourgr
ades"
.

(i
i
)Myf at
heroft
entoldme,"Ev
eryobst
acl
eisst
eppingst
onet
osuccess.Youshoul
dvi
ew
probl
emsinyourli
feasopport
uni
ti
estoimpr
oveyoursel
f"
.

(
ii
i)WhenTom askedJackwheyhecoul
dn'
tgot
othegame,
Jacksai
dhedi
dn'
thav
eenough
moneyforat
icket
.

(i
v)WhenIaskedt
heti
cketsell
eri
ftheconcer
twasgoi
ngt
ober
eschedul
ed,
shet
oldmet
hat
shedi
dn'
tknowandsai
dt hatshej
ustworkert
her
e.

(
v)Al
isai
d,"
Imustgot
oLahor
enextweekt
ovi
sitmyai
l
ingmot
her
".

(
vi)Thepol
i
cemant
oldt
hepedest
ri
an,
"Youmust
n'tcr
osst
her
oadagai
nstt
her
edl
i
ght
".

(
vii
)Ahmedaskedi
fwhatIsai
dwasr
eal
l
ytr
ue.

(
vii
i
)Sar
ahwant
edt
oknowwher
etheywoul
dbet
omor
rowar
oundt
hreeO'
cl
ock.

(
b)Makecor
rect
ionsi
nanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngwher
enecessar
y.
(
i)Whatdoesapat
ientt
ell
adoct
ori
tisconf
ident
ial
?

(i
i
)Iti
saf actt
hatIal
mostdr
ownedmakesmev
erycar
eful
aboutwat
ersaf
etywhenev
erIgo
swimming.

(
ii
i)Di
dtheynotconsi
dert
hisasqui
etconv
inci
ng.

(
iv)StPet
er'
satRomei
sthel
argestofal
lot
herchur
ches.

(
v)Theamountt
heyr
ecei
vei
nwagesi
sgr
eat
ert
hant
went
yyear
sago.

(
vi)Theysucceededwi
thhar
dlymaki
nganyef
for
t.

(
vii
)What
everhav
eyoudone!

(
vii
i
)Theof
fi
cer
swer
egi
venpl
acesaccor
dingt
othei
rrespect
iver
anks.

6.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Keeponesnoset
othegr
indst
one

(
ii
)Thr
owsomeonef
oral
oop

(
ii
i)Let
terper
fect

(
iv)Of
fthewal
l

(
v)Outt
olunch

(
vi)Sal
tsomet
hingaway

(
vii
)Takesomeonet
othecl
eaner
s

(
vii
i
)Weart
hepant
sint
hef
ami
l
y

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encessoast
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ngs.

(
i)Counci
l
,Counsel

(
ii
)Di
sti
nct
,Di
sti
nct
ive

(
ii
i)Apposi
te,
Opposi
te

(
iv)Depr
ecat
e,Depr
eci
ate

(
v)Punct
ual
,Punct
il
ious

(
vi)Judi
cial
,Judi
cious

(
vii
)Sal
utar
y,Sal
ubr
ious
(
vii
i
)Canv
as,
Canv
ass

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

36.YEAR2006

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

Itwasnotsoi nGr eece, wher ephi losopher spr ofessedl ess, andunder tookmor e.
Par meni desponder ednebul ousl yov ert hemy steryofknowl edge; butt hepr e-Socr at i
ckeptt heir
ey eswi thf airconsi stencyupont hef irm ear th,andsoughtt of erretouti tssecr etsby
obser vationandexper ience, rat hert hant ocr eat eitbyexudi ngdi alect i
c; t
her ewer enotmany
i
nt rov ertsamongt heGr eeks.Pi ct ureDemocr i
tus, t
heLaughi ngPhi losopher ;woul dhenotbe
per ilouscompanyf ort hedesi ccat edschol asticwhohav emadet hedi sput eaboutt hereali
tyof
theext ernal wor ldt aket hepl aceofmedi ev al discour sesont henumberofangl est hatcoul dsit
ont hepoi ntofapi n?Pi ctureThal es, whomett hechal lenget hatphi losopher swer enumskul l
s
by" corner ingt hemar ket "andmaki ngaf or tunei nay ear.Pict ureAnaxagor as, whodi dthewor k
ofDar winf ort heGr eeksandt ur nedPer iclesf or m awi re-pulli
ngpol i
ticiani nt oat hinkeranda
stat esman.Pi ctureol dSocr at es, unaf raidoft hesunort hest ar s,gai lycor rupt i
ngy oungmen
andov ertur ninggov ernment s; whatwoul dhehav edonet ot hesebespect acl edseedl ess
phi losophast er swhonowl i
t tert hecour toft heoncegr eatQueen?ToPl ato, ast ot hesev ir
il
e
predecessor s, epistemol ogywasbutt hev est i
bul eofphi losophy ,aki nt ot hepr elimi nari
esof
l
ov e; t
i waspl easantenought oawhi le,buti twasf arf rom thecr eat iveconsummat i
ont hatdrew
wisdom' sl overon.Her eandt her ei nt heshor t
erdi alogues, theMast erdal liedamor ouslywith
thepr obl emsofper cept ion, thought ,andknowl edge; buti nhi smor espaci ousmoment she
spr eadhi sv i
sionov erl argerf ields, buthi msel fideal statesandbr oodedov ert henat ureand
dest i
nyofman.Andf inallyinAr ist otlephi losophywashonour edi nal lherboundl essscopeand
maj esty ;allhermansi onwer eexpl or edandmadebeaut i
fulwi thor der ;hereev erypr oblem found
apl aceandev erysci encebr oughti tst olltowi sdom.Thesemenknewt hatt hef unct i
onof
phi losophywasnott obur yher sel fint heobscur eret r
eatsofepi stemol ogy , butt ocomef orth
brav elyintoev eryr eal m ofi nqui ry ,andgat herupal l knowl edgef ort hecoor di nationand
i
llumi nationofhumanchar act erandhumanl ife.

2.Readt
hepassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

"
Eleganteconomy !
"Hownat urall
yonef oldbacki ntothephr aseologyofCr anford!Ther e
economywasal ways"elegant",andmoney -spendingalway s"vulgarandost ent
atious" ;asor tof
sourgrapeism whichmadeupev erypeacef ulandsat i
sfi
edIshal lnev erforgetthedi smayf elt
whencer tai
nCaptainBr owncamet oliveatCr anford,andopenl yspokeofhi sbeingpoor- -not
i
nawhi spertoaninti
mat efri
end, t
hedoor sandwi ndowsbei ngpr eviouslyclosed, butint he
publi
cst r
eetinaloudmi l
i
tar
yv oiceall
eginghi spov ert
yasar easonf ornott aki
ngapar t
icular
house.Thel adi
esofCr anfor
dwer ealr
eadymov i
ngov ertheinv asi
onoft hei
rterri
tor i
esbyaman
andagent l
eman.Hewasahal f-paycapt ai
n, andhadobt ainedsomesi tuati
ononanei ghbour i
ng
rai
l-
road,whichhadbeenv ehement lypetit
ionedagai nstbythel it
tl
etown; andifinaddi tiont o
hismascul i
negender,andhi sconnect i
onwi t
htheobnoxi ousr ail
road, hewassobr azenast o
tal
kofhi sbeingpoor-why ,theni
ndeed, hemustbesentt oCoventry
.Deat hwasat rueandas
commonaspov ert
y;yetpeopleneverspokeaboutt hatloudont hestreets.Itwasawor dnott o
bement i
onedt oearspolit
e.Wehadt aci
tlyagreedtoignorethatanywi thwhom weassoci at
ed
ont ermsofv isi
tingequali
tycouldeverbepr eventedbypov er
tyfrom doingany t
hingt hey
wished.Ifwewal kedtoorfrom aparty,i
twasbecauset heweatherwassof ine,ortheai rso
ref
r eshi
ng,notbecausesedanchai r
swer eexpensi v
e.Ifwewor epri
ntsi nsteadofsummersi lks,
i
twasbecausewepr efer
redawashi ngmat erial
;andsoon, ti
l
lwebl i
ndedour selvest othe
vulgarfactthatwewer e,
allofus,peopleofv erymoderatemeans.

(
i)Gi
vei
nthi
rt
yofy
ourownwor
dswhatwel
ear
nfr
om t
hispassageofCapt
ainBr
own.

(
ii
)Whydi
dthel
adi
esofCr
anf
orddi
sli
ket
heCapt
ain.

(
ii
i)Whatr
easonswer
egi
venbyt
hel
adi
esofCr
anf
ordf
or"
notdoi
ngany
thi
ngt
hatt
heywi
shed"
?

(
iv)"
Ear
sPol
i
te"
.Howdoy
ouj
ust
if
ythi
sconst
ruct
ion?

(
v)Whati
sthemeani
ngandi
mpl
i
cat
ionoft
hephr
ases?

Sour-
grapei
sm,
Thei
nvasi
onoft
hei
rter
ri
tor
ies,
Sentt
oCov
ent
ry,
Taci
tl
yagr
eed,
Elegant
economy

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Wher
eignor
ancei
sbl
i
ss,
iti
sfol
l
ytobewi
se

(
ii
)Apenbecomesacl
ari
on

(
ii
i)Char
msst
ri
ket
hesi
ghtbutmer
itwi
nst
hesoul

(
iv)Whatf
ool
sthesemor
tal
sbe!

(
v)St
olengl
ances,
sweet
erf
ort
het
hef
t.

4.(
a)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othewor
ldi
ncapi
tal
let
ter
s.

(
i)FI
NICKY:
(unst
abl
e,t
roubl
ed,
fussy
,unpl
easant
)

(
ii
)SAMI
ZDAT:
(under
groundpr
ess,
secr
etpol
i
ce,
twi
rl
ingj
i
g,l
argemet
alt
eaur
n)

(
ii
i)VELD:
(ar
cti
cwast
eland,
Eur
opeanpl
ains,
Sout
hAf
ri
cangr
assl
and,
deepv
all
ey)

(
iv)CAJUN:(French-
Canadiandescendant
,Amer
icanI
ndi
an,
Nat
iveoft
heEv
ergl
ades,
ear
ly
i
nhabit
antoftheBahamaI slands)

(
v)LOGGI
A:(
pat
hway
,mar
sh,
gal
l
ery
,car
ri
age)

(
b)Pi
ckt
hemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.

(
i)CAPTI
OUS:
(tol
erant
,capabl
e,wi
nni
ng,
recol
l
ect
ed)
(
ii
)PENCHANT:
(di
sli
ke,
att
it
ude,
immi
nence,
dist
ance)

(
ii
i)PUTATI
VE:
(power
ful
,col
oni
al,
undi
sput
ed,
unr
emar
kabl
e)

(
iv)FACSI
MILE:
(imi
tat
ion,
model
,mut
ati
on,
pat
ter
n)

(
v)LARCENY:
(appr
opr
iat
ion,
pecul
ati
on,
pur
loi
ning,
indemni
fi
cat
ion)

5.(
a)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectandf
rom i
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.(
onl
yfi
ve)

(
i)Hesai
d,"
Leti
trai
nev
ersohar
dIshal
lgoout
".

(
ii
)Themot
hersai
dtot
hey
ounggi
rl
,"Doy
ouknowwher
eSal
i
mis?
"

(
ii
i)Theof
fi
cersai
d,"
Handi
tal
l
!Cany
ounotdoi
tmor
eneat
ly?
"

(
iv)I
nvoki
ngourhel
pwi
thal
oudv
oicesheaskeduswhet
herwewoul
dcomet
oherai
d.

(
v)Heexcl
aimedwi
thanoat
hthatnoonecoul
dhav
eexpect
edsuchat
urnofev
ent
s.

(
vi)Thet
eachersai
dtohi
sst
udent
s,"
Whydi
dtocomesol
ate?
"

(
vii
)Theyappl
audedhi
m say
ingt
hathehaddonewel
l
.

(
vii
i
)"Yousay
",sai
dthej
udge,
"thebagy
oul
ostcont
ainedonehundr
edandt
enpounds?
"

(
b)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Pl
ayi
ngagamer
egul
arl
yisbet
tert
hant
oreadbooksal
way
s.

(
ii
)Agoodr
eadermustbehar
dwor
kingandpossessi
ntel
l
igence.

(
ii
i)Inot
icedAkbarwascar
ryi
ngabagi
nhi
shand.

(
iv)Hav
ingent
eredhi
shouse,
thedoorwasshutatonce.

(
v)Het
hinkst
hathi
swr
it
ingi
sbet
tert
hanhi
sfr
iend.

(
vi)Hei
ssuchamanwhoi
sli
kedbyev
ery
one.

(
vii
)Isentav
erbal
messaget
omyf
ri
end.

(
vii
i
)Hehasv
isi
tedasmanyhi
stor
ical
placesasonehasorcanv
isi
t.

Q.
6.(
a)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Twi
ddl
ewi
th

(
ii
)Vampup

(
ii
i)Whi
tt
leaway
(
iv)Wi
nkl
eout

(
v)Gi
vesomeonet
hebur
n'sr
ush

(
vi)Loom l
arge

(
vii
)Beset
ti
ngsi
n

(
vii
i
)Tohangf
ir
e

(
b)Useonl
yFI
VEpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
ences.

(
i)Ver
aci
ty,
Vor
aci
ty

(
ii
)Per
secut
e,Pr
osecut
e

(
ii
i)Moat
,Mot
e

(
iv)Loat
h,Loat
he

(
v)I
ngeni
ous,
Ingenuous

(
vi)Fai
r,Fei
gn

(
vii
)Emi
grant
,Immi
grant

(
vii
i
)Wr
eak,
Wreck

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

37.YEAR2007

1.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

Theaut horofawor kofi

maginati
onistryi
ngt oeff
ectuswholl
y,ashumanbeings,whether
heknowsi tornot;
andwear eaffect
edbyi t,
ashumanbei ngs,
whetherweintendtobeornot.I
supposethateveryt
hingweeathassomeef fectuponusthanmerelyt
hepleasureoftast
eand
masticat
ion;i
taff
ectsusduringtheprocessofassimil
ati
onanddigest
ion;
andIbel i
evethat
exact
lythesamet itr
ueofanythingwer ead.

Thef actthatwhatwer eaddoesnotconcer nmerelysomet hingcalledourlit

erarytaste,but
thatifaffectsdirect
ly,t
houghonl yamongstmanyot heri nf
luences,thewhol eofwhatwear e,
is
bestelicit
ed, It
hink,byaconsci ent
iousexami nati
onoft hehistoryofouri ndi
vi
dual l
it
erary
education.Consi dertheadolescentreadingofanyper sonwi thsomel iter
arysensibil
i
ty.
Everyone, Ibeli
eve,whoi satallsensi
bletot heseducti
onsofpoet r
y,canr emembersome
momenti ny outhwhenheorshewascompl et
elycarr
iedawaybyt hewor kofonepoet .Very
l
ikelyhewascar r
iedawaybysev eral
poet s,
oneaf t
ertheot her.Thereasonf orthi
spassi ng
i
nfatuationisnotmer el
yt hatoursensibi
l
itytopoetryiskeeneri nadolescencethani nmat urit
y.
Whathappensi sakindofi nundati
on,orinvasionoftheundev elopedper sonal
it
y ,
theempt y
(sweptandgar ni
shed)r oom, bythest rongerpersonalit
yoft hepoet .Thesamet hi
ngmay
happenatal at
eraget oper sonswhohav enotdonemuchr eading.Oneaut hortakescompl ete
possessi onofusf orat i
me; thenanot her,andfinall
ytheybegi ntoaf fecteachot herinourmi nd.
Wewei ghoneagai nstanot her;weseet hateachhasqual i
tiesabsentf rom ot hers,andqual i
ties
i
ncompat i
blewi t
hthequal i
ti
esofot hers:webegi nt obe,i
nf act,criti
cal :andi tisourgrowi ng
cri
ticalpowerwhi chpr otectsusfrom excessi vepossessionbyany onel iterarypersonali
ty .The
goodcr iticandweshoul dalltr
ytocr i
tics,andnotleav ecr
itici
sm t ot hef ellowswhowr ite
reviewsi nthepaper s-i sthemanwho, t
oakeenandabi dingsensi bil
ity,joinswi deand
i
ncr easinglydiscri
mi nati
ng.Wi dereadingi snotv al
uableasaki ndofhoar ding,andt he
accumul ati
onofknowl edgeorwhatsomet i
mesi smeantbyt het erm' awel l-
stockedmi nd' .Itis
valuablebecausei nthepr ocessofbei ngaf f
ect
edbyonepower f
ul per sonal i
tyafteranother ,we
ceaset obedomi natedbyany one,orbyanysmal lnumber.Thev erydi fferentv i
ewsofl i
f e,
cohabi t
inginourmi nds, aff
ecteachot her ,andourownper sonalityasser tsit
selfandgi veseach
apl aceinsomear r
angementpecul i
art ooursel f.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

St r
ongsect i
onofi ndust r
ialist swhost il
l i
magi nethatmencanbemer emachi nesandar eat
theirbestmachi nesi ftheyar emer emachi nesal readymenaci ngwhatt heycal l"usel ess
educat i
on" .Theyder idethecl assi cs,andt heyar emi ldl
ycont empt uousofhi story,phi l
osophy,
andEngl ish.Theywantoureducat ionalinst i
tutions, f
rom theol destuni versiti
est ot hey oungest
element aryschool s,toconcent rateonbusi nessort hethingsthatar epat ent lyusef ul i
n
busi ness.Techni calinstructi
oni stobepr ov i
dedf oradolescentar ti
sans; bookkeepi ngand
shor thandf orpr ospect i
vecl er ks; andt hecl everestwear et osett o"businessmet hods", t
o
moder nl anguages( whichcanbeusedi ncor respondencewi t
hf oreignf i
rms) ,andt osci ence
(whi chcanbeappl i
edt oindust ry).FrenchandGer manaret hel anguages, notofMont aigneand
Goet he, butofSchmi dtBr other s,ofElber f
el dandDupontetCi e, ofLy ons.Chemi stryand
Phy sicsar enotexpl orati
onsi nt othephy sicalconst i
tut
ionoft heuni verse, butsour cesofnew
dyes, newel ect ri
cl i
ghtf i
lament s,newmeansofmaki ngthingswhi chcanbesol dcheapand
fastt otheNi ger i
anandt heChi nese.ForLat i
nt her eisaLi mit
edf ieldsol ongast hedr uggists
i
nsi stonr etainingi ntheirprescr i
ptions.Gr eekhasnoappar entuseatal l,unlessi tbeasa
sour ceofsy l
lablesf orthehy br i
dnamesofpat entmedi ci
nesandmet al pol i
shes.Thesoul of
man, thespi r
itual basisofci vilization.Whatgi bber i
shisthat?

Quest
ions

(
i)Whatki
ndofeducat
iondoest
hewr
it
erdeal
wit
h?

(
ii
)Whatki
ndofeducat
iondoest
hewr
it
erf
avour
?Howdoy
ouknow?

(
ii
i)Wher
edoest
hewr
it
erexpr
essmostbi
tt
erl
yhi
sfeel
i
ngsaboutt
henegl
ectoft
hecl
assi
cs?

(
iv)Expl
ainascar
eful
l
yasy
oucant
hef
ull
signi
fi
canceoft
hel
astsent
ence.

(
v)Expl
aint
heunder
li
nedwor
dsandphr
asesi
nthepassage.
3.Wr
it
eanot
e(250-
300wor
dsonanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Honest
yist
hebestpol
i
cybutadv
ert
isi
ngal
sohel
ps.

(
ii
)Iti
shar
dforanempt
ybagt
ost
andupr
ight

(
ii
i)Asuspi
ciouspar
entmakesanar
tful
chi
l
d.

(
iv)Spont
anei
tyandcr
eat
ivi
tyassy
mbol
soff
reedom

(
v)Meansj
ust
if
yends

Q.
4.(
a)Choosesy
nony
ms(
onl
yfi
ve)

(
i)LACUNAE:
(ti
nymar
inel
i
fe,
shal
l
owwat
er,
local
dial
ect
,mi
ssi
ngpar
ts)

(
ii
)PAROXYSM:
(mor
all
esson,
suddenout
bur
st,
cont
radi
cti
on,
pal
l
idi
mit
ati
on)

(
ii
i)GROTTO:
(st
atue,
cav
ern,
nei
ghbour
hood,
typeofmot
h)

(
iv)FETTER:
(rot
,tor
est
rai
n,makebet
ter
,enabl
etof
ly)

(
v)STOI
CISM:
(indi
ff
erence,
bol
dness,
deepaf
fect
ion)

(
vi)SUCCULENT:
(edi
ble,
par
ched,
gener
ous,
mat
ure)

(
vii
)MALEDI
CTI
ON:
(compl
i
ment
,summar
y,per
fume,
awkwar
dness)

(
b)Pi
ckt
hemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
ds.

(
i)TWI
NE:
(st
rai
ght
en,
cont
inue,
unr
avel
,det
ach)

(
ii
)FRUGAL:
(pr
odi
gal
,i
ntemper
ate,
ext
rav
agant
,pr
ofuse)

(
ii
i)GAWKY:
(neat
,handy
,gr
acef
ul,
handsome)

(
iv)CAPRI
CIOUS:
(fi
rm,
deci
ded,
inf
lexi
ble,
const
ant
)

(
v)CONGEAL:
(li
quef
y,mol
l
ify
,har
den,
sol
i
dif
y)

5.(
a)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.(
doanyf
ive)

(
i)"
Thi
swor
ld,
"hedecl
ared"i
sful
lofsor
row.Woul
dthatIwer
edead!
"

(
ii
)Hesai
dtome,
"Comeear
ly;
weshal
lbewai
ti
ngf
ory
ou"
.

(
ii
i)"
Howdel
i
ght
edIam,
"sai
dhe,
"tomeetmyf
ri
endsher
ebymyownf
ir
esi
de!
"

(
iv)Themansai
dthathewasqui
tesur
esheshoul
dsucceed.

(
v)Johnexcl
aimedwi
thasi
ght
hathewasr
uined.
(
vi)Theconst
abl
einqui
redoft
hemanwher
ehewasgoi
ng.

(
vii
)Theboysai
dthathewoul
dwal
k.

(
vii
i
)"Whatl
osses,
"cr
iedhe,
"hav
eIsuf
fer
ed?Whatangui
shhav
eIendur
ed!
"

(
b)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEi
nthef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Ei
theroft
heset
hreeumbr
ell
aswi
l
lsui
tme.

(
ii
)Shal
lyounott
akemywor
dint
hismat
ter
?

(
ii
i)Thi
spoormanwassuf
fer
ingmuchf
oral
ongt
imepast
.

(
iv)I
fhehadnotdi
ed,
hewoul
dgr
owupt
obeamur
der
er.

(
v)Nei
therhenorIar
eint
hewr
ong.

(
vi)I
tishi
ght
imet
heymendt
hisr
oad.

(
vii
)Ihear
dhi
m wentdownt
hest
air
s.

(
vii
i
)Paperi
smadeofwood.

6.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Toputt
hel
i
don

(
ii
)Fl
avouroft
hemout
h

(
ii
i)Zer
ohour
s

(
iv)Gl
oom anddoom

(
v)Topi
gout

(
vi)Bagpeopl
e

(
vii
)Compassi
onf
ati
gue

(
vii
i
)Not
omi
cemat
ter
s

(
b)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Af
fl
uence,
Eff
luence

(
ii
)Wr
etch,
Ret
ch

(
ii
i)Euphemi
sti
c,Euphui
sti
c

(
iv)Amor
al,
Immor
al
(
v)I
mper
ial
,I
mper
ious

(
vi)Degr
ade,
Deni
grat
e

(
vii
)Tempor
al,
Tempor
ary

(
vii
i
)Pr
eci
pit
ate,
Preci
pit
ous

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

38.YEAR2008

1.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout100wor
dsandsuggestt
het
it
le.

Objectivepursuedby ,organi zationsshoul dbedi r

ect edtot hesat i
sfact i
onofdemands
resulti
ngf rom thewant sofmanki nd.Ther ef
or e,t
hedet erminationofappr opriateobjectivefor
organizedact ivi
tymustbepr ecededbyanef forttodet erminepr eci
selywhatt heirwant sare.
Industrialorganizationsconductmar ketstudiest olearnwhatconsumergoodsshoul dbe
produced.Ci t
yCommi ssi
onsmakesur veystoascer tainwhatci vicprojectswoul dbeofmost
benef i
t.HighwayCommi ssionsconductt raf
ficcount st olearnwhatconst ructiv
epr ogrammes
shouldbeunder taken,Organi zationscomei ntobei ngasameansf orcr eati
ngandexchangi ng
util
it
y.Thei rsuccessi sdependentupont heappr opriatenessoft heseriesofact scontributedto
thesy stem.Themaj orit
yoft heseact sispur posef ul
, t
hatit,theyar edirectedt ot he
accompl i
shmentofsomeobj ectives.Theseact sar ephy si
cal innatureandf indpur poseful
empl oymenti nt heal t
erati
onoft hephy sicalenvironment .Asar esultut i
li
tyiscr eat
ed, which,
throught hepr ocessofdi stribut i
on, makesi tpossi bleforthecooper ati
v esy stem toendur e.

Beforetheindustri
alRevolut
ionmostcooperat i
veactivi
tywasaccompl i
shedinsmallowner
managedent erpr
ises,usual
lywithasi
ngledecisionmakerandsi mpleorganizati
onal
object
ives.
Increasedtechnologyandt hegrowthofindust
rialorganizati
onmadenecessar yt
he
establishmentofahi erar
chyofobject
ives.Thi
si nturn,r
equiredadi
visi
onoft hemanagement
functionunti
ltodayahi erar
chyofdeci
sionmaker sexist
si nmostor
ganizati
ons.

Theeffecti
vepur
suitofappropri
ateobjecti
vescontri
butesdir
ectl
ytotheorganizati
onal
effi
ciency.Asusedthere,ef
fi
ciencyi
sameasur eofthewantsatisf
yingpoweroft he
cooper at
ivesyst
em asawhol e.Thuseffi
ciencyi
sthesummat i
onofutil
it
iesreceivedfr
om the
organizati
ondivi
dedbyt heuti
li
ti
esgiventotheorganizat
ion,assubj
ecti
velyevaluatedbyeach
contribut
or.

Thefuncti
onsofthemanagementpr ocessi
sthedeli
neat
ionoforganizati
onalobj
ecti
vesand
thecoordi
nati
onofacti
vi
tytowardst
heaccompl i
shmentoftheseobjecti
ves.Thesyst
em of
coordi
natedacti
vi
ti
esmustbemai nt
ainedsothateachcont
ribut
or,
includi
ngt hemanager,
gainsmorethanhecontri
butes.

2.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandansweral
lthequest
ionsgi
veatt
heend.

Thesephenomena,
howev
er,
aremer
elypr
emoni
ti
onsofacomi
ngst
orm,
whi
chi
sli
kel
yto
sweepov erthewhol eofI ndi aandt her estofAsi a.Thi st het hei nev it
abl eout comeofawhol l
y
polit
ical civil
izat i
on, whi chhasl ookeduponmanasat hingt obeexpl oi tedandnotasa
personal itytobedev el opedandenl argedbypur elycul tural forces.Thepeopl ear eAsi aar e
boundt or i
seagai nstt heacqui si t
iveeconomywhi cht heWesthav edev elopedandi mposedon
thenat ionsoft heEast .Asi acannotcompr ehendmoder nWest erncapi talism wi thi t
s
undisciplinedi ndividual ism.Thef aith, whi chy our epr esent ,recogni zest hewor thoft he
i
ndi vi
dual ,anddi sci plineshi mt ogi veawayal l theser v iceofGodandman.I tspossi bil
itiesar e
noty etexhaust ed.I tcanst i
llcreat eanewwor ldwher et hesoci al rankofmani snotdet er
mi ned
byhi scast eorcol ourort heamountofdi v i
dendheear ns, butbyt heki ndofl i
fehel i
ves, wher e
thepoort axt her i
ch, wher ehumansoci et yisfoundednotont heequal i
tyofst omachsbuton
theequal it
yofspi rits, wher eanunt ouchabl ecanmar ryt hedaught eroft heki ng, wher epr i
vat e
owner shi pisat r
ustandwher ecapi talcannotbeal l
owedt oaccumul at esoast odomi natet hat
realproducerofweal th.Thi ssuper bi deal i
sm ofy ourf ai th,howev er ,needsemanci pationf rom
themedi ev alfanci esoft heol ogi ansandl ogists.Spi ritual ly
, wear elivingi napr isonhouseof
thought sandemot ions, whi chdur ingt hecour seofcent urieswehav ewov enr oundour selves.
Andbei tf urthersai dt ot heshameofus- -menofol dergener at i
on- -t hatwehav ef ail
edt o
equipt hey oungergener at i
onf ort heeconomi c, pol i
tical andev enr eligiouscr isist het hepr esent
agei slikelyt obr ing.Thewhi l
ecommuni tyneedsacompl eteov erhaul ingofi tspr esent
ment alityinor dert hati tmayagai nbecomecapabl eoff eelingt heur geoff reshdesi r
esand
i
deal s.theI ndi anMusl i
m hasl ongceasedt oexpl or et hedept hsofhi sowni nnerl ife.Ther esult
i
st hatheasceasedt ol iv eint hef ull gl
owandcol ourofl if
e, andi sconsequent lyindangerofan
unmanl ycompr omi sewi thf orce, whi chhei smadet ot hi nkhecannotv anqui shi nopenconf li
ct.
Hewhodesi rest ochangeanunf avour abl eenv ironmentmustunder goacompl ete
transformat i
onofhi si nnerbei ng.Godchangesnott hecondi t
ionofapeopl eunt ilthey
themsel v est aket hei ni ti
at ivet ochanget heircondi t
ionbyconst antlyi l
lumi natingt hezoneof
theirdailyact iv i
tyint hel i
ghtofadef initeideal .Not hingcanbeachi ev edwi thoutaf ir
mf ai
thi n
theindependenceofone' sowni nnerl i
fe.Thi sf aithal onekeepsapeopl e'sey ef ixedont heir
goal andsav et hem f rom per pet ual vacillati
on.Thel essont hatpastexper ienceshasbr oughtt o
youmustbet akent ohear t
.Expectnot ingf rom anysi de.Concent rat ey ourwhol eegoon
yourselfal oneandr ipeny ourcl ayi ntor eal manhoodi fy ouwi sht oseey ouraspi rationr eali
zed.

Quest
ions

(
i)Whati
sthechi
efchar
act
eri
sti
coft
hemoder
npol
i
tical
civ
il
izat
ion?

(
ii
)Whatar
epossi
bil
i
tiesofourf
ait
h,whi
chcanbeofadv
ant
aget
othewor
ld?

(
ii
i)Whati
sthechi
efdangerconf
ront
ingt
hesuper
bideal
i
sm ofourf
ait
h?

(i
v)Whyist
heI
ndi
anMusl
i
mindangerofcomi
ngt
oanunmanl
ycompr
omi
sewi
tht
hef
orceof
opposi
nghi
m?

(
v)Whati
snecessar
yforanachi
evement
?

(
vi)Expl
aint
heexpr
essi
onsashi
ghl
i
ght
ed/
under
li
nedi
nthepassage.
(
vii
)Suggestanappr
opr
iat
eti
tl
etot
hepassage.

3.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Tor
obPet
ert
opayPaul

(
ii
)Thechi
l
disf
atheroft
heman

(
ii
i)Ar
tli
esi
nconceal
i
ngar
t

(
iv)Li
fewi
thoutaphi
l
osophyi
sli
keashi
pwi
thoutr
udder

(
v)Acont
ent
edmi
ndi
sabl
essi
ngki
nd.

4.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
diomsi
nsent
encest
omaket
hei
rmeani
ngcl
ear
.

(
i)Bl
owone'
stop

(
ii
)Acockandbul
lst
ory

(
ii
i)Fi
neone'
sfeet

(
iv)Cal
li
tani
ght

(
v)Thet
poft
hei
ceber
g

(
vi)Bel
owpar

(
vii
)Fr
om pi
l
lart
opost

(
vii
i
)Hangup

(
ix)Tur
nsomeonei
n

(
x)Byandby

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nyourownsent
encest
obr
ingoutt
hei
r
meani
ngs.

(
i)Mi
ti
gat
e,Al
l
evi
ate

(
ii
)Per
secut
e,Pr
osecut
e

(
ii
i)Popul
ar,
Popul
ace

(
iv)Compl
i
ment
,Compl
ement

(
v)Exci
te,
Inci
te

(
vi)Vor
aci
ty,
Ver
aci
ty
(
vii
)Vi
rt
ual
,Vi
rt
uous

(
vii
i
)Ex
cept
ional
,Except
ionabl
e

5.(
a)Pi
ckt
hemostnear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.DoanyFI
VE.

(
i)MORATORI
UM:
(lar
get
omb,
wai
ti
ngper
iod,
secur
it
yfordebt
,funer
alhouse)

(
ii
)PROLI
FIC:
(ski
l
lful
,fr
uit
ful
,wor
dy,
spr
eadout
)

(
ii
i)BI
-PARTI
SAN:
(nar
rowmi
nded,
progr
essi
ve,
repr
esent
ingt
wopar
ti
es,
div
ided)

(
iv)UNEQUI
VOCAL:
(car
eless,
unmi
stakabl
e,v
ari
abl
e,i
ncompar
abl
e)

(
v)COVENANT:
(pr
ayer
,debat
e,gar
den,
agr
eement
)

(
vi)TENTATI
VE:
(expedi
ent
,nomi
nal
,pr
ovi
sional
,al
ter
nat
ive)

(
vii
)DEMOGRAPHI
C:(
rel
ati
ngt
othe,
demons,
communi
cat
ions,
popul
ati
on,
studyof
Gover
nment
)

(
vii
i
)SONAR:
(appar
atust
odet
ect
,locat
eobj
ect
s,measur
erai
n,ant
ici
pat
e)

(
b)I
ndi
cat
ethemeani
ngofanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Br
ag

(
ii
)Ant
iquar
ian

(
ii
i)I
nput

(
iv)Pr
odi
gal

(
v)Bi
bli
ophi
l
e

(
vi)Nost
algi
a

(
vii
)Bur
none'
sboat
s

(
vii
i
)Feedback

(
ix)Agr
ari
an

6.(
a)Cor
rectt
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.DoanyFI
VE.

(
i)Pl
easet
ell
mewher
eisy
ourbr
other
?

(
ii
)Saj
j
adaswel
lasSal
eem wer
elat
e.

(
ii
i)Hei
sthemostcl
ever
estboyi
nthecl
ass.
(
iv)Ihav
emethi
mlastmont
h.

(
v)Yourwr
it
ingi
sinf
eri
ort
hanhi
m.

(
vi)Not
hingbutnov
elspl
easehi
m.

(
vii
)Thet
eachergav
etheboyanadv
icewhi
chher
efused.

(
vii
i
)Hebr
oughtt
hear
ti
clest
othemar
ketwhi
chhewant
edt
osee.

(
b)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom Di
rectt
oIndi
rectorI
ndi
rectt
oDi
rectspeech.

(
i)Hesai
dtohi
sfr
iend,
"Letmegohomenow"
.

(
ii
)Hewi
l
lsay
,"Mot
her
,Iwi
l
lal
way
sobeyy
ou"
.

(
ii
i)"
Spl
endi
d":
sai
dfat
herasher
eadmyr
epor
t.

(
iv)Hesai
d,"
Goodmor
ning,
cany
ouhel
pme?
"

(
v)Shesai
d,"
Brot
her
,whydoy
out
easeme?
"

(
vi)Theki
ngsai
dtot
hequeen,
"IfIdi
e,t
akecar
eofmypeopl
e".

(
vii
)"ByGod"
,hesai
d,"
Idonotknowhi
sname"
.

(
vii
i
)Youexcl
aimedwi
thsor
rowt
haty
oul
osty
ourpen.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

39.YEAR2009

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.1.(
a)Choosethewordthatisnearl
ysimi
lari
nmeaningtothewordi
ncapi
tal
let
ter
s.(
Doonl
y
FI
VE)Ext
raattemptofanyPartofthequest
ionwil
lnotbeconsi
der
ed.

(
i)OBSCURE

(
a)uncl
ear (
ii
)doubt
ful

(
ii
)AMI
ABLE

(
a)obnoxi
ous (
b)af
fabl
e

(
ii
i)HOODWI
NK

(
a)del
ude (
b)av
oid
(
iv)GUI
LEFUL

(
a)honour
abl
e (
b)di
si
ngenuous

(
v)OBSESSI
ON

(
a)f
ixedi
deas (
b)del
usi
on

(
vi)RADI
CAL

(
a)i
nnat
e (
b)moder
ate

(
vii
)PRESUMPTI
VE

(
a)cr
edi
ble (
b)t
imi
d

(
b)Pi
ckt
hemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d:

(
vii
i
)PRESENTABLE

(
a)unabl
e (
b)scr
uff
y (
c)sui
tabl
e (
per
sonabl
e

(
ix)SALVATI
ON

(
a)escape (
b)st
arv
ati
on (
c)doom (
d)r
escue

(
x)PLAI
N

(
a)cl
ean (
b)di
sti
nct (
c)ambi
guous (
d)f
rugal

(
xi)ODI
OUS

(
a)por
us (
b)char
ming (
c)hor
ri
d (
d)of
fensi
ve

(
xii
)INFLAME

(
a)cal
m (
b)anger (
c)exci
te (
d)ki
ndl
e

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.(
20)

Fr
om Pl atotoTol stoiar
thasbeenaccusedofexci ti
ngouremot i
onsandt husofdi sturbing
theor derandhar monyofourmor all
ife."
Poetical imaginati
on,accor di
ngtoPl ato,wat ersour
experienceofl ustandanger ,ofdesireandpai n,andmakest hem gr owwhent heyoughtt o
starv
ewi t
hdr ought.
"Tol st
oiseesi nartasour ceofi nfecti
on."
Notonl yi
ninfection",hesay s,"
a
signofar t,
butt hedegr eeofinfecti
ousnessisal sot hesolemeasur eofexcell
encei nar t."But
theflawi nthi
st heoryisobv i
ous.Tolstoisuppr essesaf undament almomentofar t
,themoment
ofform.Theaest heticexperi
ence-t heexperienceofcont emplati
on-i sadifferentst ateofmi nd
from thecoolnessofourt heoreti
calandt hesobr ietyofourmor aljudgment.Itisf i
l
ledwi ththe
l
iv el
iestener giesofpassi on, butt hepassi onitselfi sher etr ansfor medbot hini tsnat ureandi n
i
tsmeani ng.Wor dswor t
hdef inespoet ryas" emot ionr ecollectedi nt ranquili
ty".Butt he
tranqui li
tywef eel ingreatpoet ryisnott hatofr ecol lection.Theemot ionsar ousedbyt hepoet
donotbel ongt oar emot epast .Theyar e" here"-al iveandi mmedi ate.Wear eawar eoft heirfull
strengt h,butt hisst rengtht endsi nanewdi rection.I ti
sr atherseent hani mmedi atelyfelt.Our
passi onsar enol ongerdar kandi mpenet r
ablepower s; t
heybecome, asitwer e, transpar ent .
Shakespear enev ergivesusanaest hetict heory.Hedoesnotspecul ateaboutt henat ureofar t
.
Yeti nt heonlypassagei nwhi chhespeaksoft hechar acterandf unct i
onsofdr amat icartt he
whol est ressi sl aidupont hispoi nt."Thepur poseofpl ay i
ng, "asHaml etexplains, "bot hatt he
fi
rstandnow, wasandi s,tohol das, twer e,themi rrorupt onat ure; toshowv i
rtueherown
feature, scornherwoni mage, andt hev eryageandbodyoft hetime, hisform andpr essur e."But
thei mageoft hepassi onisnott hepassi oni tself.Thepoetwhor epr esentsapassi ondoesnot
i
nf ectuswi tht hispassi on.AtaShakespear epl aywear enoti nfect edwi ththeambi t
ionof
Macbet h, wit
ht hecr ueltyofRi char dIIIorwi tht hej ealousl yofOt hello.Wear enotatt hemer cy
oft heseemot i
ons; wel ookt hr ought hem; weseem t openet r
atei ntot hei
rv erynat ureand
essence.I nthisr espectShakespear e'st heoryofdr amat icar t,i
fhehadsuchat heor y,isa
compl eteagr eementwi tht heconcept ionoft hef inear tsoft hegr eatpai ntersandscul ptor s.

Q.
3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.(
20)

Iti
sverynatur
eofhelicoptert
hatitisgreatver
sati
li
tyisfound.Tobeginwit
h,t
hehel icopt
er
i
sthefulfi
l
lmentoftoneofman' searl
iestandmostf antasti
cdreams.Thedream offl
ying-not
j
ustli
keabi r
d-butoffl
yingasnot hi
ngel sefl
iesorhasev erfl
own.Tobeabletoflystr
aightup
andstr
aightdown-toflyforwardorbackorsi dewise,ortohov erov
erandspott
illt
hef uel
suppl
yisexhausted.

Toseehowhel icopt ercandot hi

ngsthatar enotpossi bl
efortheconv enti
onalfi
xed-wing
plane,letusf i
rstexami nehowaconv entionalpl
ane" works".I
twor ksbyitsshape-byt heshape
ofitswi ng,whichdef lect sairwhent heplaneisinmot i
on.Thatispossi bl
ebecauseai rhas
densityandr esistance.I treactstof or
ce.Thewi ngi scurvedandsetatanangl etocatcht heai
r
andpushi tdown; theai r
,resist
ing,pushingagainsttheundersur faceoft hewing,gi
vingitsome
ofitslif
t.Atthesamet imet hecur veduppersur faceofthewi ngexer tssucti
on,t
endingto
createal ackofai ratt het opoft hewing.Theai r,agai
nresisti
ng,sucksback, andthi
sgi vesthe
wingaboutt wiceasmuchl i
ftast heairpressurebelowt hewing.Thi siswhattakesplacewhen
thewi ngispulledf orwar dbypr opeller
sorpushedf orwardbyj etblasts.Wit
houtthemot i
ont he
winghasnol ift.

Quest
ions:

(
i)Wher
eist
hegr
eatv
ersat
il
it
yoft
hehel
i
copt
erf
ound?

(
ii
)Whati
sthedr
eam off
lyi
ng?

(
ii
i)Whatdoest
hewi
ngoft
heconv
ent
ional
air
craf
tdo?

(
iv)Whatdoest
hecur
veduppersur
faceoft
hewi
ngdo?
(
v)Whatgi
vest
hewi
ngt
wiceasmuchl
i
ft?

Q.
4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.(
20)

(
i)TheI
mpor
tanceofI
ndust
ri
ali
zat
ion

(
ii
)DoWeLi
veBet
terThanOurFor
efat
her
s?

(
ii
i)Pr
otect
ingFr
eedom ofExpr
essi
onNotLi
es

(
iv)Adopt
ingUncheckedWest
ernLi
feSt
yles

(
v)Var
iet
yist
heSpi
ceofLi
fe

Q.
5.(
a)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.(
Doonl
yFI
VE)
.
(
5)

Ext
raat
temptofanypar
toft
hequest
ionwi
l
lnotbeconsi
der
ed.

(
i)Hesai
dtohi
m,"
Whydoy
ouwast
eyourt
ime"
?

(
ii
)Heor
der
edhi
sser
vantnott
ost
andt
her
edoi
ngnot
hing.

(
ii
i)Heexcl
aimedwi
thj
oyt
hathehadwont
hemat
ch.

(
iv)Thet
rav
elersai
d,"
Whatadar
kni
ght
?"

(
v)Hesai
d,"
Leti
trai
nev
ensohar
d,Iwi
l
lst
artt
oday
."

(
vi)Mymot
hersai
d,"
Myy
oul
i
vehappi
l
yandpr
osperi
nyourl
i
fe.
"

(
vii
)Hesai
d,"
Howf
ool
i
shhav
eIbeen?
"

(
b)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.(
5)

(
i)Heswor
efr
om God.

(
ii
)Isy
ourdr
essdi
ff
erentt
hanmi
ne?

(
ii
i)Hei
nqui
redwhet
herIl
i
vei
nKar
achi
.

(
iv)Hespoket
hesewor
dsuponhi
sface.

(
v)Theyr
andi
rectt
othei
rcol
l
ege.

(
vi)Ishal
lnotcomeher
eunl
essy
ouwi
l
lnotcal
lme.

(
vii
)Theyhav
ebeenbui
l
dingawal
lsi
ncet
hreeday
s.

(
vii
i
)Hedoesnothav
esomedev
oti
ont
ohi
sst
udi
es.
Q.
6.(
a)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ngs.(
5)

Ext
raat
temptofanypar
toft
hequest
ionwi
l
lnotbeconsi
der
ed.

(
i)Leav
eint
hel
urch

(
ii
)Har
dandf
ast

(
ii
i)Weat
hert
hest
orm

(
iv)Beart
hebr
unt

(
v)Meethal
fway

(
vi)Tur
ncoat

(
vii
)Wher
etheshoepi
nches

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rofwor
dsi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ngs.(
10)

(
i)Per
secut
e,Pr
osecut
e

(
ii
)Luxur
iant
,Luxur
ious

(
ii
i)Mean,
Mien

(
iv)Obser
vat
ion,
Obser
vance

(
v)Naught
y,Knot
ty

(
vi)Ghost
ly,
Ghast
ly

(
vii
)Hew,
Hue

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

40.YEAR2010

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.
1.(
a)Pi
ckt
hewor
dthati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.(
5)(
DoanyFI
VE)

(
i)ACRI
MONI
OUS:
(bi
tt
er,
prov
ocat
ive,
cheap,
vol
ati
l
e)

(
ii
)CALLI
GRAPHY:
(comput
ers,
handwr
it
ing,
bloodpr
essur
e,br
ainwav
es)

(
ii
i)UNEQUI
VOCAL:
(var
iabl
e,pl
ain,
unmi
stakabl
e,negl
i
gent
)

(
iv)DEMI
SE:
(concl
ude,
end,
aff
ect
ion,
deat
h)

(
v)I
NCENDI
ARY:
(happy
,sneer
,causi
ngf
ir
e,j
oll
y)
(
vi)TOUCHSTONE:
(remi
nd,
ahal
l
,atr
est
,cr
it
eri
on)

(
vii
)VOI
D:(
empt
iness,
lea,
anger
,tr
ick)

(
vii
i
)ESSAY:
(di
rect
,compose,
att
empt
,suppose)

(
b)I
ndi
cat
ethemostnear
lyopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othewor
dincapi
tal
let
ter
s.(
Doonl
yFI
VE)

(
i)I
GNOBLE:
(lowl
y,v
il
e,good,
nobl
e)

(
ii
)MELANCHOLY:
(sor
rowf
ul,
happy
,for
bidden,
bri
sk)

(
ii
i)OBLI
TERATE:
(pr
eser
ve,
dest
roy
,rav
age,
desi
gn)

(
iv)ALLY:
(al
l
oy,
foe,
par
tner
,accessor
y)

(
v)VULGAR:
(coar
se,
gross,
exqui
sit
e,obscene)

(
vi)PRETEND:
(sham,
subst
ant
iat
e,f
eign,
fabr
icat
e)

(
vii
)LI
BERTY:
(per
missi
on,
li
cence,
ser
fdom,
bound)

(
vii
i
)CONSCI
ENTI
OUS:
(uncor
rupt
,honour
abl
e,pr
inci
pled,
prof
li
gat
e)

PART-I
I

2.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout100wor
dsandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Ofallthechar acteri
sti
csofor dinar yhumannat ur eenv yist hemostunf ortunate; notonl y
doest heenv iousper sonwi sht oinf l
ictmi sf ortuneanddosowhenev erhecanwi thi mpuni ty, but
heisal sohimsel frenderedunhappybyenv y.I nsteadofder ivingpl easur ef r
om whathehas, he
derivespainf rom whatot her shav e.I fhecan, hedepr ivesot her soft hei radv antages, whi cht o
himi sasdesi rabl east iwoul dbet osecur et hesameadv ant agehi msel f
.Ifthispassi oni s
all
owedt orunr i
otitbecomesf atal toal lexcel lence, andev ent othemostusef ulexer ciseof
except i
onalski ll
.Whyshoul damedi cal mangot oseehi spat ientsi nacarwhent hel abour er
hast owal ktohi swor k?Whyshoul dt hesci ent i
fici nvest i
gatorbeal lowedt ospendhi st imei na
war mr oom whenot hershav et of acet hei ncl emencyoft heel ement s?Whyshoul damanwho
possessessomer aret al
entofgr eati mpor tancet ot hewor ldbesav ef r
om t hedr udger yofhi s
ownhousewor k?Tosuchquest ionsenv yf indsnoanswer .For tunat ely ,
howev er,therei si n
humannat ureacompensat ingpassi on, namel yt hatofadmi rat i
on.Whoev erwi shest oi ncr ease
humanhappi nessmustwi sht oincr easeadmi rationandt odi mi ni
shenv y.Whatcur eist her ef or
envy ?Forthesai ntthereist hecur eofsel flessness, thoughev eni nt hecaseofsai ntsenv yof
othersaintsisbynomeansi mpossi bl e.But ,leav i
ngsai ntsoutofaccount ,t
heonl ycur ef orenv y
i
nt hecaseofor dinarymenandwomeni shappi ness, andt hedi ff
icult yisthatenv yisi tsel fa
terr
ibleobstacl et ohappiness.Butt heenv iousmanmaysay : "Whati st hegoodoft el
lingme
thatthecur ef orenv yishappi ness?Icannotf indhappi nesswhi leIcont i
nuet of eel env y, and
yout el
l methatIcannotceaset obeenv iousunt il Ifi
ndhappi ness" .Butr eallif
ei snev erso
l
ogi calasthis.Mer elytorealizethecausesofone' sownenv iousf eel ingistot akeal ongst ep
t
owar
dscur
ingt
hem.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

Andst i
lli
tmov es.Thewor dsofGal il
eo, murmur edwhent hetort
uresoft heI nquisit
ionhad
dri
venhi mt orecantt heTr uthheknow, appl yinanewwayt oourwor ldt oday .Somet imes, in
theknowl edgeofal lthathasbeendi scovered,all t
hathasbeendonet omakel i
feont hepl anet
happierandmor ewor t
hy ,wemaybet empt edt oset tl
edownt oenjoyourher itage.Thatwoul d,
i
ndeed, bet hebetrayal ofourt r
ust .Thesemenandwomenoft hepasthav egi venev eryt
hing-
comfor t
,time,treasure, peaceofmi ndandbody , l
if
ei tself-thatwemi ghtl i
veaswedo.The
chall
enget oeachoneofusei st ocar r
yont heirwor kfort hesakeoff ut uregener ations.The
adventuroushumanmi ndmustnotf al
ter.Stil
lmustwequest i
ontheoldt r
uthsandwor kfort he
newones.St i
llwer i
skscor n,cynicism,neglect,loneliness, pov er
ty,
per secution, i
fneedbe.We
mustshutourear stot heeasyv oi cewhicht el
lsust hat'humannat urewi llnev eral
t er'
asan
excusef ordoingnot hingt omakel i
femor ewor thy.Thuswi llthecourseoft hehi storyof
manki ndgoonwar d,andt hewor l
dweknowmov eintoanewspl endourf ort hosewhoar ey ett
o
be.

Quest
ions

(
i)WhatmadeGal
i
leor
ecantt
heTr
uthheknew?

(
ii
)Whati
stheher
it
agebei
ngal
l
udedt
oint
hef
ir
stpar
agr
aph?

(
ii
i)Whatdoest
he'
bet
ray
alofourt
rust
'i
mpl
y?

(
iv)Whydoweneedt
oquest
iont
heol
dtr
uthsandwor
kfort
henewones?

(
v)Expl
aint
hewor
dsorexpr
essi
onsashi
ghl
i
ght
ed/
under
li
nesi
nthepassage.

4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Whenf
lat
ter
ersgett
oget
her
,thedev
ilgoest
odi
nner

(
ii
)Thei
mpossi
blei
fof
tent
heunt
ri
ed

(
ii
i)Aci
vi
lser
vanti
sapubl
i
cser
vant

(
iv)I
nter
net-
-abl
essi
ngorabane

(
v)Hopei
sthebuoyofl
i
fe

5.(
a)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Makef
or

(
ii
)Yeoman'
sser
vice

(
ii
i)Di
scr
eti
oni
nthebet
terpar
tofv
alour
(
iv)Acast
ingv
ote

(
v)Lookdownupon

(
vi)I
conocl
ast

(
vii
)Outoft
hewood

(
vii
i
)Aswansong

(
b)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Adv
erse,
Aver
se

(
ii
)Mai
ze,
Maze

(
ii
i)Meal
,Meddl
e

(
iv)I
mper
ious,
Imper
ial

(
v)Ver
aci
ty,
Vor
aci
ty

(
vi)Al
l
usi
on,
Il
lusi
on

(
vii
)Or
dnance,
Ordi
nance

(
vii
i
)Wi
l
li
ng,
Wil
ful

6.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Thi
shousei
sbui
l
tofbr
icksandst
ones.

(
ii
)Thecl
i
mat
eofPaki
stani
sbet
tert
hanEngl
and.

(
ii
i)Heswor
ebyGod.

(
iv)Yououghtt
ohav
eregar
dedhi
myourbenef
act
or.

(
v)Myf
ri
endi
sver
yil
l
,Ihopehewi
l
lsoondi
e.

(
vi)Hei
swai
ti
ngf
orbet
terandpr
omi
singoppor
tuni
ty.

(
vii
)WhenIshal
lseeherIwi
l
ldel
i
verhery
ourgi
ft
.

(
vii
i
)Manyasl
eepl
essni
ght
sshespent
.

(
b)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.(
Doonl
yFI
VE)

(
i)OnMondayhesai
d,"
Mysoni
scomi
ngt
oday
".

(
ii
)Theywant
edt
oknowwher
ehewasgoi
ngt
hef
oll
owi
ngweek.
(
ii
i)Hesai
d,"
Didshegoy
est
erday
?"

(
iv)"
ByGod"
,hesai
d,"
Idonotknowherni
ckname.
"

(
v)Hesay
sthatwer
ear
etomeethi
m att
hest
ati
on.

(
vi)Hesai
d,"
Idon'
tknowt
heyway
.Askt
heol
dmansi
tt
ingont
hegat
e".

(
vii
)Myf
atherpr
ayedt
hatIwoul
drecov
erf
rom myi
l
lness.

(
vii
i
)Hesai
d,"
Howwi
l
lyoumanagei
t?"

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

41.YEAR2011

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.
1.(
a)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othewor
dincapi
tal
let
ter
s.(
Doany
FI
VE)

(
i)CHRONI
CLE:
(dai
l
yri
tual
,wi
del
yhel
dbel
i
ef,
accountofev
ent
s)

(
ii
)FLUME:(
seabi
rdwit
hawingspanfourt
imesi
tsbodyl
engt
h,nar
rowgor
gewi
thast
ream
r
unni
ngthr
oughi
t,war
m summerwind)

(
ii
i)EPI
TAPH:
(edi
tor
ial
,cl
everheadl
i
ne,
tomest
onei
nscr
ipt
ion)

(
iv)LACONI
C:(
conci
se,
weekl
y,ci
rcul
ar)

(
v)SHI
NGLE:
(gr
avel
l
ybeach,
exposedsandbar
,gr
oupofdol
phi
ns)

(
vi)FI
LIAL:
(rel
atedbymar
ri
age,
ofsonsanddaught
ers,
ofbr
other
s)

(
vii
)MI
SOPEDI
A:(
ahat
redf
orchi
l
dren,
middl
eage,
fami
l
yhi
stor
y)

(
vii
i
)MENAGE:
(mar
ri
agev
ow,
househol
d,gol
deny
ear
s)

(b)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lymostopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.(
Doonl
y
FIVE)
.

(
i)ANNI
HILATE:
(suppl
ement
,augment
,append,
cont
ract
)

(
ii
)BRACE:
(pr
op,
knock,
inv
igor
ate,
ref
resh)

(
ii
i)BRUSQUE:
(gr
uff
,cur
t,smoot
h,di
scour
teous)

(
iv)CONCORD:
(ami
ty,
accor
d,v
ari
ance,
uni
ty)

(
v)CONSCI
ENTI
OUS:
(uncor
rupt
,honour
abl
e,pr
inci
pled,
prof
li
gat
e)
(
vi)DI
PLOMATI
C:(
sagaci
ous,
shr
ewd,
bungl
i
ng,
prudent
)

(
vii
)HYPOCRI
SY:
(upr
ight
ness,
pret
ense,
cant
,decei
t)

(
vii
i
)ONEROUS:
(bur
densome,
wear
ing,
dif
fi
cul
t,f
luent
)

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Makeapr
eci
soft
hegi
venpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

Thepsy chol ogi cal causesofunhappi ness, itiscl ear , aremanyandv arious.Butal lhav e
somet hingi ncommon.Thet ypicalunhappymani sonewhohav i
ngbeendepr ivedi ny outhof
somenor mal sat i
sfact i
on, hascomet ov aluet hisoneki ndofsat i
sfactionmor et hananyot her,
andhas, t
her efor e,givent ohi sli
feaone- sideddi rect i
on, toget herwi thaqui teundueemphasi s
upont heachi ev ementasapposedt ot heact i
vitiesconnect edwi thit.Ther ei s, howev er ,
a
furtherdev elopmentwhi chi sv erycommoni nt hepr esentday .Amanmayf eel socompl etely
thwar tedt hatheseeksnof or m ofsat i
sf act ion, butonl ydi st ract i
onandobl iv i
on.Het hen
becomesadev oteeof" Pleasur e".Thati st osay ,heseekst omakel ifebear abl ebybecomi ng
l
essal i
v e.Dr unkenness, forexampl e,ist empor arysui cide; thathappi nesst hati tbr ingsi s
mer elynegat ive, amoment arycessat ionofunhappi ness.Thenar cissistandmegal omani ac
believet hathappi nessi spossi ble,t
hought heymayadoptmi stakenmeansofachi evingi t
;but
themanwhoseeksi ntoxicat i
on, inwhat ev erf or m, hasgi venuphopeexcepti nobl i
vion.Inhi s
caset hef i
rstt hingt obedonei st oper suadehi mt hathappi nessi sdesi r
abl e.Men, whoar e
unhappy ,li
kemenwhosl eepbadl y,areal way spr oudoft hef act .Perhapst hei rpr ideisl i
ket hat
ofthef oxwhohadl osthi st ail
;ifso, t
heywayt ocur ei ti st opoi ntoutt othem howt heycan
growanewt ail.Ver yfewmen, Ibelieve, wi lldel iberat elychooseunhappi nessi ftheyseeaway
ofbei nghappy .Idonotdenyt hatsuchmenexi st,butt heyar enotsuf f
icient lynumer oust obe
i
mpor tant.I tiscommoni nourday ,
asi thasbeeni nmanyot herper iodsoft hewor l
d'shi story,
tosupposet hatt hoseamonguswhoar ewi sehav eseent hr oughal lt
heent husi asmsofear l
ier
ti
mesaandhav ebecomeawar ethatt her ei snot ingl ef ttol iv ef or.Themanwhohol dt hi
snat ur
e
oftheuni ver seandconsi dert obet heonl yr ational attitudef oranenl i
ght enedman.Thei rpride
i
nt heirunhappi nessmakesl esssophi st icat edpeopl esuspi ciousofi tsgenui neness; t
heyt hink
thatthemanwhoenj oy sbei ngmi serabl ei snotmi ser abl e.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

Knowl edgei sacqui r

edwhenwesucceedi nfit
ti
nganewexper i
enceint hesy stem of
concept sbaseduponourol dexperiences.Understandingcomeswhenwel i
ber at
eour selves
from t heol dandsomakepossi bleadi r
ect,unmedi at
edcont actwiththenew, t
hemy stery
,
momentbymoment ,ofourexistence.Thenewi sthegi v
enonev erylevelofexper ience-gi v
en
per cept i
ons, gi
venemot ionsandt houghts,givenstatesofunst r
ucturedawar eness, given
relationshipswi tht hi
ngsandper sons.Theol disourhome- madesy stem ofideasandwor d
pat terns.Itisthest ockoff i
nishedar t
icl
esfabr i
catedoutoft hegivenmy sterybymemor yand
anal yticalreasoning,byhabi tandaut omaticassoci at
ionsofaccept ednotions.Knowl edgei s
primar ilyaknowl edgeoft hesefini
shedar ti
cles.Understanti
ngispr i
maril
ydi rectawar enessof
ther awmat eri
al.Knowl edgeisalway sintermsofconcept sandcanbepassedonbymeansof
wordsorot hersymbol s.Under standi ngisnotconcept ualandthereforecannotbepassedon.I t
i
sani mmedi ateexper ience,andi mmedi ateexperiencecanonl ybet alkedabout( very
i
nadequately),nevershar ed.Nobodycanact ual
lyfeelanother'
spai norgr i
ef,
another'
sloveor
j
oy,orhunger .Andsi mi l
arlynobodycanexper i
enceanot her'
sunder standingofagi veneventor
si
tuat
ion.Ther ecan, ofcour se, beknowl edgeofsuchanunder st
andi ng, andthi
sknowl edge
maybepassedoni nspeechorwr iti
ng, orbymeansofot hersymbol s.Suchcommuni cabl
e
knowledgeisusef ul asar emindert hatt herehavebeenspeci f
icunder standingsinthepast,and
underst
andingi satal lti
mespossi ble.Butwemustal waysr emembert hatknowledgeof
underst
andingi snott hesamet hingast heunder standingwhichist her awmat eri
alofthat
knowledge.Itisasdi fferentfrom under standingast hedoct or
'sprescriptionforpenici
ll
inis
dif
fer
entfrom peni cil
li
n.

Quest
ions

(
i)Howi
sknowl
edgedi
ff
erentf
rom under
standi
ng?

(
ii
)Expl
ainwhyunder
standi
ngcannotbepassedon.

(
ii
i)I
stheknowl
edgeofunder
standi
ngpossi
ble?I
titi
s,howmayi
tbepassedon?

(i
v)Howdoestheaut
horexpl
aint
hatknowl
edgeofunder
standi
ngi
snott
hesamet
hingast
he
under
standi
ng?

(
v)Howfardoyouagreewi
tht
heaut
hori
nhi
sdef
ini
ti
onsofknowl
edgeandunder
standi
ng?
Gi
ver
easonfory
ouranswer
.

4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Chi
l
dist
hef
atherofman

(
ii
)Li
fesucceedsi
nthati
tseemst
ofai
l

(
ii
i)Yel
l
owJour
nal
i
sm

(
iv)Thev
iol
enceofwarcanbedi
l
utedwi
thl
ove

(
v)Lov
eisabeaut
if
ulbutbal
eful
god.

5.(
a)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Toeatone'
swor
ds

(
ii
)Dogi
nthemanger

(
ii
i)Acl
oseshav
e

(
iv)AFr
eudi
ansl
i
p

(
v)AGor
dianknot
(
vi)Acogi
nthemachi
ne

(
vii
)Asugardaddy

(
vii
i
)Awetbl
anket

(
b)Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Capi
tal
,Capi
tol

(
ii
)Assay
,Essay

(
ii
i)Env
elop,
Env
elope

(
iv)Decr
ee,
Degr
ee

(
v)Desol
ate,
Dissol
ute

(
vi)Speci
es,
Speci
e

(
vii
)Tor
tuous,
Tor
tur
ous

(
vii
i
)Wet
,Whet

6.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Pl
easespeakt
otheconcer
nedcl
erk.

(
ii
)Youhav
egott
imet
oshor
tfort
hat
.

(
ii
i)Notonl
yhewasat
hief
,buthewasal
soamur
der
er.

(
iv)Theyt
houghtt
hatt
hepl
anwoul
dbesucceeded.

(
v)I
tisunl
i
kel
ythathewi
nst
her
ace.

(
vi)Myuncl
ehast
oldmesomet
hingabouti
tyest
erday
.

(
vii
)Ihopedt
hatbyt
het
imeIwoul
dhav
egott
her
eitwoul
dhav
est
oppedr
aini
ng.

(
vii
i
)Theypr
event
edt
hedr
ivert
ost
op.

(
b)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.

(
i)"
Icoul
dn'
tgeti
ntot
hehousebecauseIhadl
ostmykey
,soIhadt
obr
eakawi
ndow"
,hesai
d.

(
ii
)"Woul
dyoul
i
ket
oseeov
ert
hehouseorar
eyourmor
eint
erest
edi
nthegar
den?
"Sheasked
me.

(i
ii
)"Pleasesentwhat
everyoucanspare.Al
lcont
ri
but
ionswi
l
lbeacknowl
edgedi
mmedi
atel
y",
sai
dt hesecret
aryoft
hedisast
rousfund.
(
iv)Sheaskedi
fhe'
dli
ket
ogot
obet
heconcer
tandIsai
dIwassur
ehewoul
d.

(v
)Itol
dhert
ost
opmaki
ngaf
ussaboutnot
hingandsai
dthatshewasl
uckyt
ohav
egotaseat
atal
l
.

(v
i)Theteachersai
d,"
YoumustnotforgetwhatIt
oldy
oul
astl
esson.Ishal
lexpecty
out
obe
ablet
orepeatitnextl
essonbyhear
t.
"

(
vii
)Heaskedmei
fheshoul
dleav
eiti
nthecar
.

(
vii
i
)Hesai
d,"
MayIopent
hewi
ndow?I
t'
srat
herhoti
nher
e".

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

42.YEAR2012

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.
1.(
a)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lysi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othewor
dincapi
tal
let
ter
s.

(
i)BREACH:
(secr
et,
rei
nfor
cement
,di
ff
icul
ty,
openi
ng)

(
ii
)GELI
D:(
hot
,sof
t,i
cycol
d,har
d)

(
ii
i)OPULENT:
(cor
rupt
,poor
,pr
oud,
luxur
iant
)

(
iv)VERI
SIMI
LITUDE:
(lar
genumber
,var
iet
y,shadesofcol
our
s,bei
ngt
rue)

(
v)I
OTA:
(agr
eement
,coi
n,col
umn,
smal
lamount
)

(
b)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lymostopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.

(
vi)DESPI
SE:
(abhor
,di
sdai
n,demol
i
sh,
admi
re)

(
vii
)LACKEY:
(st
range,
poor
,mast
er,
ignor
ant
)

(
vii
i
)EGRESS:
(decl
i
ne,
ent
rance,
rude,
angr
y)

(
ix)AMALGAMATE:
(puni
sh,
study
,separ
ate,
reduce)

(
x)I
NSI
PID:
(si
l
ly,
tast
y,act
ive,
thi
n)

(
c)Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
thappr
opr
iat
ewor
ds.

(
xi)Knowl
edgeisl
ikeadeepwellfedby_
_ _
______
_spr
ings,
andy
ourmi
ndi
sal
i
ttl
ebuckett
hat
y
oudr opi
nit
.(ext
ernal
,per
enni
al,
immortal
,lov
ely)

(
xii
)Theunrul
ybehav
iourofchi
l
dren_
___
___
___t
hei
rpar
ent
s.(
aggr
iev
ed,
impeached,
incensed,
t
empered)

(
xii
i
)Hesuggest
sthatt
hemeet
ing_
___
___
___post
poned.(
is,
be,
must
,woul
dbe)
(
xiv
)Thelandscapewastruly__
_ __
___
__,
soar
idt
hatev
ent
heHar
destPl
antcoul
dnotsur
viv
e.
(
lur
id,
par
ched, v
erdant
,vari
egated)

(xv
)Hisstat
ementwast
oo_
___
___
___t
hatev
ery
onewasl
efti
ndoubt
.(equi
tabl
e,i
nnocuous,
dogmati
c,equi
vocal
)

(
xvi
)Icert
ainl
ydonot____
_ _
____y
ourdr
ivi
ngy
ourcarov
ert
hespeedl
i
mit
.(appr
ove,
appr
ove
wi
th,appr
oveof,
approv
ef or)

(xv
ii
)TheEagl
eswoopedand_
___
___
___asl
eepi
ngl
i
zar
d.(
car
ri
eddown,
car
ri
edup,
car
ri
edof
f,
carr
iedi
n)

(xv
ii
i)Ayoungoffi
cerwas__
___
___
__thet
askoft
aki
ngpr
isoner
stot
her
ear
.(char
gedby
,
chargedi
n,char
gedfor,
char
gedwit
h)

(
xix)Itseemedhewasgoingt
o__
___
___
__hi
m buthecont
rol
l
edhi
msel
f.(
lashoutat
,lashout
i
n,lashoutto,
lashouton)

(
xx)Iam notgoi
ngt
o__
___
___
__t
hisbookatanycost
.(par
tfr
om,
par
tup,
par
tfor
,par
twi
th)

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.

Oneoft hemostomi nousanddi screditablesy mpt omsoft hewantofcandouri npr esent -day
sociologyi sthedel iberat enegl ectoft hepopul ationquest i
on.I ti s,orshoul dbe, transpar ent l
y ,
cleart hat, ifthest at eisr esolved, onhumani tar iangr ound, toi nhi bitt heoper ationofnat ural
selection, somer ational regulationofpopul at ion, bot hasr egar dsqual ityandquant ity,i
s
i
mper at i
vel ynecessar y.Ther ei snosel f
-actingadj ustment ,apar tfrom st arvation, ofnumber sto
themeansofsubsi stence.I fal lnat uralchecksar eremov ed,apopul ationi nadv anceoft he
optimum numberwi llbepr oducedandmai ntai nedatt hecostofar educt ioni nt hest andar dof
l
iving.Whent hispr essur ebegi nst obef elt,
thatsect ionoft hepopul ati
onwhi chi scapabl eof
refl
ect ionandwhi chhasast andar dofl ivingwhi chmaybel ostwi llv ol
unt aril
yr estrictit
s
number s,ev ent ot hepoi ntoff ailingt or eplacedeat hbyanequi v alentnumberofnewbi rths;
whi l
et heunder wor ld, whi chalway sexist sinev er yciv i
lizedsoci et y.Thef ailureandmi sfitsand
derelicts, mor al andphy sicalwi llexer cisenor est r
aintandwi llbeaconst ant l
yi ncreasingdr ain
upont henat ional resour ces.Thepopul ationwi llthusber ecrui tedi nav eryunduepr opor ti
onby
thosest rat aofsoci etywhi chdonotpossesst hequal iti
esofusef ul cit
izens.Thei mpor tanceof
thepr obl em woul dseem t obesuf fi
cientlyobv ious.Butpol iti
ci ansknowt hatt hesubj ecti s
unpopul ar.Theur banhav enov ot es.Empl oy ersar el i
kesur plusofl abour , whichcanbedr awn
uponwhent radei sgood.Mi l
itaristswantasmuchf oodf orpowderast heycanget .
Rev olutioni stsi nst i
nct iv elyopposeanyr eal remedyf orsoci al ev il
s; theyknowt hatev ery
unwant edchi ldi sapot ent i
alinsur gent.Al lthreecanappeal toaQuasi -Rel i
giouspr ejudice,
restingappar ent lyont heanci entt heoryofnat ur alright swhi char esupposedt oi ncludet her ight
ofunl imi tedpr ocr eat i
on.Thi sobj ect ionisnowchi eflyur gedbyacel ibateorchi ldlesspr iests;
buti tishel dwi thsuchf anatical vehemencet hatt hef earofl osi ngt hev ot eswhi cht heycont rol
i
sawel comeexcuseforthebasersortofpoli
ti
cianstoshel
vethesubj
ectasinopport
une.The
soci
ali
stcalcul
ati
oni
sprobablyerr
oneous;forexperi
encehasshownthati
tisaspir
ati
on,not
desper
ation,t
hatmakesrevol
uti
ons.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.Usey
ourownl
anguage.

HumanBei ngsf eel afraidofdeat hjustaschi l

drenfeel af raidofdar kness; andjustas
chil
dr en'sf earofdar knessi si ncreasedbyt hest ori
eswhi cht heyhav ehear daboutghost sand
thi
ev es, humanbei ngs' fearofdeat hisi ncreasedbyt hest orieswhi cht heyhav ehear daboutt he
agonyoft hedy ingman.I fahumanbei ngr egar dsdeat hasaki ndofpuni shmentf ort hesinshe
hascommi ttedandi fhel ooksupondeat hasameansofmaki nganent ryintoanotherwor l
d,he
i
scer tai
nl ytaki ngar eli
giousandsacr edv iewofdeat h.Buti fahumanbei nglooksupondeat h
asal awofnat ur eandt henf eelsaf raidofi t, hi
sat t
it
udei soneofcowar dice.Howev er ,
evenin
rel
igiousmedi tati
onaboutdeat ht hereissomet hingami xtur eoff oll
yandsuper st
it
ion.Monks
havewr ittenbooksi nwhi cht heyhav edescr ibedthepai nful exper i
encewhi cht heyunder went
byinf l
ictingphy si
cal tortur esupont hemsel vesasaf orm ofsel f-
pur i
ficat i
on.Suchbooksmay
l
eadonet ot hinkt hat,ift hepai nofev enaf ingerbeingsqueezedorpr essedi nunbear able,t
he
painsofdeat hmustbei ndescr ibablyagoni zing.Suchbookst husincr easeaMan' sfearofdeat h.
Seneca, aRomanPhi losopher ,expressedt hev i
ewt hattheci rcumst ancesandcer emoni esof
deathf r
ight enpeopl emor et handeat hi tselfwoul ddo.Ady ingmani shear dutteri
nggr oans;his
bodyi sseenunder goingconv ulsi
ons; hisf aceappear stobeabsol utel ybl oodlessandpal e;
at
hisdeat hhi sf ri
endsbegi nt oweepandhi sr elat
ionsputonmour ningcl ot hes;vari
ousr it
ualsare
performed.Al lt hesef act smakedeat happearmor ehor ri
bl et hanitwoul dbeot herwise.

Quest
ions

(
i)Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenhumanbei
ngs'
fearofdeat
handchi
l
dren'
sfearofdar
kness?

(
ii
)Thei
sther
eli
giousandsacr
edv
iewofdeat
h?

(
ii
i)Whatar
ethepai
nful
exper
iencesdescr
ibedbyt
heMonksi
nthei
rbooks?

(
iv)Whatar
ethev
iewsofSenecaaboutdeat
h?

(
v)Whatar
ethef
act
sthatmakedeat
happearmor
ehor
ri
blet
hani
twoul
dbeot
her
wise?

4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Sel
fdonei
sWel
ldone

(
ii
)Thebought
hatbear
smostbendmost

(
ii
i)Near
ert
heChur
ch,
far
therf
rom God

(
iv)Ri
chmenhav
enof
aul
t

(
v)Cuty
ourcoataccor
dingt
oyourcl
oth
5.Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Wool
gat
her
ing

(
ii
)Undert
hehar
row

(
ii
i)Col
dcomf
ort

(
iv)Agol
ddi
gger

(
v)Wal
kwi
thGod

(
vi)Onet
het
hini
ce

(
vii
)Aqueerf
ish

(
vii
i
)Unear
thl
yhour

Q.
6.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)At
en-
feetl
ongsnakemadepeopl
erunher
eandt
her
e.

(
ii
)Wear
egoi
ngt
otheconcer
t,andsot
heyar
e.

(i
i
i)Encl
osedwi
tht
hisl
ett
erwasasi
gnedAf
fi
dav
itandacar
boncopyofhi
srequestt
oourmai
n
off
ice.

(
iv)Fearf
rom God.

(
v)Paki
stanhasandwi
l
lsuppor
ttheKashmi
ri
s

(
vi)Hehascomey
est
erday

(
vii
)Ar
shad'
sdownf
all
wasduet
onot
hingel
set
hanpr
ide

(
vii
i
)Donotav
oidt
oconsul
tadoct
or.

(
b)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech(
Doonl
yFI
VE)
.

(
i)Hesai
dtous,
"Youcannotdot
hispr
obl
em al
one"
.

(
ii
)Thebeggaraskedther
ichl
adyi
fshewoul
dnotpi
tyt
hesuf
fer
ingsofanol
dandmi
ser
abl
e
manandhelphim wi
tharupeeort
wo.

(
ii
i)Thecommandersai
dtot
hesol
dier
s,"
Mar
chon"
.

(
iv)Heent
reat
edhi
smast
err
espect
ful
l
ytopar
donhi
m asi
twashi
sfi
rstf
aul
t.

(
v)"
Doy
our
eal
l
ycomef
rom Amer
ica?Howdoy
ouf
eel
inPaki
stan?
"Sai
dIt
othest
ranger
.

(
vi)Theof
fi
cert
hreat
enedt
hepeont
ocomei
nti
meot
her
wisehewoul
dbet
urnedout
.
(
vii
)Peopl
ewi
shedt
hatt
heQuai
d-e-
Azam hadbeenal
i
vet
hoseday
stoseet
hei
rfat
e.

(
vii
i
)Theysai
d,"
Brav
o!I
mran,
whatashot
.!

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

43.YEAR2013

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.
1.(
a)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lymostsi
mil
ari
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
d.

(
i)BRI
STLE:
(regul
ate,
flar
eup,
frai
l
,exhi
l
arat
e,noneoft
hese)

(
ii
)DELUGE:
(immer
se,
rescue,
drown,
over
fl
ow,
noneoft
hese)

(
ii
i)TI
RADE:
(ar
gument
,pr
ocessi
on,
angr
yspeech,
tor
tur
e,noneoft
hese)

(
iv)QUASI
:(secr
et,
impr
oper
,seemi
ng,
whol
e,noneoft
hese)

(
v)VI
LIFY:
(topr
ove,
boast
,def
raud,
def
ame,
noneoft
hese)

(
vi)RI
GMAROLE:
(unnecessar
y,di
sor
der
,conf
usedt
alk,
game,
noneoft
hese)

(
vii
)DEI
GN:
(condescend,
pret
end,
dispar
age,
ref
use,
noneoft
hese)

(v
ii
i)PROLETARIAT:
(tr
adeagr
eement
,gov
ernmentsecr
etar
iat
,labour
ingcl
ass,
weal
thycl
ass,
noneofthese)

(
ix)LUDI
CROUS:
(li
ber
al,
fear
ful
,comi
c,pr
aisewor
thy
,noneoft
hese)

(
x)MALEFI
C:(
bal
eful
,bel
ongi
ngt
oamal
eper
son,
soci
al,
fight
ingbynat
ure,
noneoft
hese)

(
b)Chooset
hewor
dthati
snear
lymostopposi
tei
nmeani
ngt
othecapi
tal
i
zedwor
ds.

(
xi)LANGUI
D:(
feebl
e,dul
l
,vi
gor
ous,
weak,
noneoft
hese)

(
xii
)HI
GH-
STRUNG:
(ner
vous,
tense,
cost
ly,
cal
m,noneoft
hese)

(
xii
i
)METTLE:
(cour
age,
bol
dness,
cowar
dice,
spi
ri
t,noneoft
hese)

(
xiv
)ABRI
DGMENT:
(epi
tome,
dissect
,abst
ract
,sy
nopsi
s,noneoft
hese)

(
xv)CAJOLE:
(fl
aunt
,coax,
begui
l
e,f
lat
ter
,noneoft
hese)

(
xvi
)CELI
BACY:
(vi
rgi
nit
y,wedl
ock,
chast
it
y,si
ngl
e,noneoft
hese)

(
xvi
i
)INCLEMENT:
(rough,
unpl
easant
,unf
avour
abl
e,geni
al,
noneoft
hese)

(
xvi
i
i)I
RRESOLUTE:
(inef
fect
ive,
wit
houtr
esol
uti
on,
yiel
ding,
stur
dy,
noneoft
hese)
(
xix)ANNEXATI
ON:
(suppl
ement
,augment
ati
on,
appendi
x,cont
ract
ion,
noneoft
hese)

(
xx)I
NCUR:
(shun,
run,
blame,
meet
,noneoft
hese)

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ng.

Cul ture, i
nhumansoci et ies,hast womai naspect s;anext ernal ,for mal aspectandani nner ,
i
deol ogical aspect .Theext ernal for msofcul ture, soci al orar t
ist i
c, aremer elyanor gani zed
expr essi onofi tsinneri deol ogical aspect ,andbot har eani nher entcomponentofagi vensoci al
struct ure.Theyar echangedormodi f
iedwhent hisst ruct urei schangedormodi fi
edand
becauseoft hisorgani cl i
nkt heyal sohel pandi nf l
uencesuchchangesi nthei rpar entor gani sm.
Cultur al problems, theref or e,cannotbest udi edorunder stoodorsol v edi ni sol ationf rom soci al
probl emsi .
e.problemsofpol itical andeconomi cr elationshi ps.Thecul tural pr obl emsoft he
under dev elopedcount ri
es, theref ore,hav et obeunder stoodandsol vedi nt hel ightoft hel ar ge
perspect ive,inthecont extofunder l
yingsoci al probl ems.Ver ybr oadl yspeaki ng, these
probl emsar eprimar i
lyt hepr obl emsofar rest edgr owt h;theyor iginat epr i
mar il
yf rom l ongy ears
ofimper i
al i
st--Col onial i
stdomi nationandt her emnant sofabackwar dout modedsoci al
struct ure.Thi sshoul dnotr equi remuchel abor ationEur opeanI mper ialism caughtupwi tht he
count ri
esofAsi a,Af r
icaorLat i
nAmer i
cabet weent hesi xteent handni neteent hcent uries.Some
oft hem wer efairl
ydev el opedf eudal soci et i
eswi thanci entt radi ti
onsofadv ancedf eudal cul t
ure.
Other shady ettopr ogr essbey ondpr imi ti
v epast oral t
ribalism.Soci al andcul t
ur al dev el opment
oft hem al lwasf rozenatt hepoi ntoft heirpol iti
cal subj ugat ionandr emai nedf rozenunt ilthe
comi ngofpol iti
cal independence.Thecul tureoft heseanci entf eudal societ ies, inspi teofmuch
techni cal andi ntell
ect ual excel lence, wasr estrictedt oasmal l privil
egedcl assandr arely
i
nter mi ngl edwi ththepar allel unsophi st i
cat edf oldcul tureoft hegener al masses.Pr imi tivet ri
bal
cultur e,inspi t
eofi tschi ldl ikebeaut y,hadl it
tleint ellectual cont ent .Bot hfeudal andt ri
bal
soci etiesl ivi
ngcont agiousl yint hesamehomel andswer econst ant lyengagedi nt ribal ,raci al,
andr eligiousorot herf eudswi tht heirtr i
bal andf eudal rivals.Col oni alist-imper ialistdomi nation
accent uat edthisdual fragment ation, thev er t
ical div isi
onamongdi fferentt ribal andnat ional
groups, t
hehor i
zont al div i
si onamongdi ff
er entcl asseswi thint hesamet ri
bal ornat i
onal gr oup.
Thisi st hebasi cgr oundst ruct ure, soci alandcul tur al,bequeat hedt ot henewl yl i
ber at ed
count ri
esbyt heirfor merov erlor ds.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.Usey
ourownl
anguage.

Theci vi
li
zati
onofChi na-asev er
yoneknows, isbasedupont het eachingofConf uciuswho
fl
ourishedfi
v ehundredy earsbeforeChrist.Li
ketheGr eeksandRomans, hedidnotthinkof
humansoci etyasnat urall
yprogressive;
ont hecontrar
y ,
hebel ievedt hatinremoteant i
qui t
y
rul
ershadbeenwi seandt hepeopl ehadbeenhappyt oadegr eewhi cht hedegeneratepr esent
couldadmi r
ebuthar dlyachieve.This,ofcourse,wasadel usi
on.Butt hepracti
calr
esultwast he
Confucius,l
ikeotherteachersofant iqui
ty,ai
medatcr eatingast ablesoci ety
,maintaini
nga
cert
ainlevelofexcell
ence, butnotalway sstri
vi
ngafternewsuccesses.I nthishewasmor e
successfulthananyot hermanwhoev erli
ved.Hispersonal i
tyhasbeenst ampedonChi nese
Civ i
li
zat i
onf rom hisdayt oourown.Dur inghi slifetime,t heChi neseoccupi edonl yasmal lpart
ofpr esentdayChi na,andwer edi vi
dedi ntoanumberofwar r
ingst ates.Dur ingt henextt hree
hundr edyear stheyest ablishedt hemsel vest hroughoutwhati snowChi napr oper ,andf ounded
anempi r
eexceedi ngi nterri
toryandpopul ationanyot hert hatexi st edunt ilthelastf ift
yy ear s.I
n
spi t
eofbar bar i
aninv asions,andoccasi onal l
ongerorshor terper iodsofChaosandCi vilWar ,
theConf uciansy stem sur vivedbr i
ngingwi t
hi tar tandli
t eratureandaci v
ili
zedwayofl i
fe.A
sy stem whi chhashadt hisext r
aor dinarypowerofsur viv almusthav egr eatmer its, and
cer t
ainlydeser v
esourr espectandconsi deration.Itisnotar eli
gi on, asweunder standt hewor d,
becausei tisnotassoci atedwi ththesupernat ural orwithmy stical beliefs,Itispur elyet hical
sy stem, butitset hics,unli
ket hoseofChr i
sti
ani t
y ,arenott ooexal tedf oror dinaryment o
pract i
se.InessencewhatConf uciust eachesi ssomet hingi sv eryl iketheol d-f
ashi onedi deal of
a' gent l
eman' asitexistedi ntheei ghteenthcent ury.Oneofhi ssay ingswi l
lill
ustrat et hi
s: "The
truegent l
emani snev ercont entious....
..
...
.hecour teouslysal uteshi sopponent sbef oret aking
uphi sposition. .
..
..
...
.sot hatev enwhencompet ingher emai nsat ruegent leman' .

Quest
ions

(i
)Whydoyout
hinkt
heaut
horcal
l
sConf
uci
us'
bel
i
efaboutt
hepr
ogr
essofhumansoci
etyasa
del
usi
on?

(
ii
)Howdi
dConf
uci
us'
thoughaf
fectChi
nat
odev
elopi
ntoast
abl
eand'
Proper
'Chi
na?

(
ii
i)Whydoest
heaut
hort
hinkt
hatConf
uci
ansy
stem deser
vesr
espectandadmi
rat
ion?

(
iv)Whydoest
heaut
horcal
lConf
uci
ansy
stem apur
elyet
hical
syst
em andnotar
eli
gion?

(
v)Br
ief
lyar
guewhet
hery
ouagr
eeordi
sagr
eet
oConf
uci
us'
ideal
ofagent
leman.

Q.
4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Rev
olut
ionv
ersusEv
olut
ion

(
ii
)Letusagr
eet
odi
sagr
eei
nanagr
ee-
abl
eway
.

(
ii
i)Saynott
hest
ruggl
enotav
ail
eth

(
iv)Beneat
hev
erycl
oudt
her
eisal
way
sasi
l
verl
i
ning

(
v)I
sdemocr
acyani
deal
for
m ofgov
ernment
?

Q.
5.(
a)Useonl
yFOURoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)Themi
l
kofhumanki
ndness

(
ii
)Ar
uleoft
humb

(
ii
i)Outandout

(
iv)Towashone'
sdi
rt
yli
neni
npubl
i
c
(
v)Topayt
hrought
henose

(
vi)Tol
osef
ace

(
b)Useonl
yFOURoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofwor
dsi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Adj
oin,
Adj
our
n

(
ii
)Al
l
ay,
All
y

(
ii
i)Bases,
Basi
s

(
iv)Cl
i
ck,
Cli
que

(
v)Di
str
act
,Det
ract

(
vi)Li
abl
e,Li
bel

Q.
6.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Mybossagr
eedwi
thmypl
an.

(
ii
)Ifhewer
eher
e,hewoul
dbeaswi
seashewasdur
ingt
hewar
.

(
ii
i)Wehav
eamusement
sinf
orm ofmusi
c.

(
iv)Yougethungr
yforal
lthewor
kyouhav
etodo.

(
v)Wewer
egl
adf
orbei
ngt
her
e.

(
vi)Ipr
efert
hef
if
thactofShakespear
eKi
ngLeart
hebestofal
l
.

(
vii
)Af
terf
ini
shi
ngmyl
ect
ure,
thebel
lrang.

(
vii
i
)Weneedednott
obeaf
rai
d.

(
b)Changet
henar
rat
ionf
rom di
rectt
oindi
rectori
ndi
rectt
odi
rectspeech.(
Doonl
yFI
VE)
.

(
i)"
IfIhadspokent
omyf
atherasy
ouspeakt
omehe'
dhav
ebeat
enme"
,hesai
dtome.

(
ii
)"Howf
ari
sit
?"Isai
d,"
andhowl
ongwi
l
litt
akemet
ogett
her
e?"

(i
ii
)"Doy
ouknowanybodyi
nthi
sar
eaorcoul
dyougetar
efer
encef
rom y
ourl
andl
ady
?",
he
askedme.

(
iv)Shet
oldmet
olookwher
eIwasgoi
ngast
her
oadwasf
ull
ofhol
esandv
erybadl
yli
t.

(v
)HewantedtoknowifIwasgoi
ngt
otheconcer
tandsuggest
edt
hatweshoul
dmakeupa
part
yandgotoget
her
.

(
vi)Hesai
d,"
Imust
n'tmi
ndi
fthef
ir
stonewasn'
tanygood"
.
(
vii
)"Whatanui
sance!NowI
'
llhav
etodoi
tal
lov
eragai
n",
heexcl
aimed.

(
vii
i
)"Imustgot
othedent
istt
omor
row"
,hesai
d,"
Ihav
eanappoi
ntment
".

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

44.YEAR2014

PART-I(
MCQ'
s)

Q.
1.(
a)

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandsuggestasui
tabl
eheadi
ngt
oit
.

Probablytheonlyprotecti
onforcontemporar
ymani st
odi scov erhowtousehisint
ell
i
gence
i
ntheser v
iceofloveandki ndness.Thetr
aini
ngofhumani nt
elli
gencemusti ncl
udethe
si
mul t
aneousdev el
opmentoft heemphat i
ccapaci
ty.Onl
yinthiswaycani ntel
li
gencebemade
aninstr
umentofsoci almorali
tyandresponsi
bil
i
ty-
-andtherebyi ncreaset
hechancesof
sur
v i
val
.

Theneedt opr oducehumanbei ngswi tht rainedmor allysensiti

veintelligencei sessenti
all
ya
chal l
enget oeducat orsandeducat ional inst i
tutions.Tr adi t
ionall
y,thereal m ofsoci almorali
ty
wasl efttor eligionandt hechur chesasguar diansorcust odians.Butt heirf ailuretof ul
fi
ll
thi
s
responsi bil
ityandt heiry i
eldingt ot heseduct iv eluresoft hemenofweal thandpompandpower
document edbyt hehi storyoft hel astt wot housandy earsandhav enowr esul tedint he
i
rrelevant" Godi sDead"t heol ogical r
het oric.Themor epr agmat i
cmenofpowerhav ehadno
ti
meori ncl i
nat iont odeat hwi tht hef undament al problemsofsoci almor alit
y .Fort hem
simpl i
sticMachi avelli
anism mustr emai nt hegui dingpr incipl
eoft heirdeci sions- poweris
mor ali
ty,mor alityispower .Thisov ersi
mpl ifi
cat i
oni ncreasest hechancesofnucl ear
dev astati
on.Wemustt her eforehopet hateducat orsandeducat i
onal i
nst i
tutionshav ethe
capaci ty
, t
hecommi tmentandt het i
met oi nstil
l mor alsensi ti
vit
yasani ntegr al partofthe
compl expat ternoff unctionhumani ntelligence.Somewaymustbef oundi nt het rai
ningof
humanbei ngst ogiv ethem t heassur ancet ol ove, thesecur i
tytobeki nd, andt heintegri
ty
requiredf oraf unct i
onal empat hy.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassageandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.Usey
ouownl
anguage.

IntheheightoftheEnli
ghtenment,meninf l
uencedbythenewpol iti
caltheori
esoftheera
l
aunchedt wooft hel
argestr
ev ol
uti
onsinhistory
.Thesetwoconf li
cts,ontwoseparate
conti
nents,werebothini
ti
all
ysuccessfuli
nf ormingnewformsofgov ernment.Andyet,
thetwo
confl
ict
s,thoughmer el
yadecadeapar t,
hadr adi
call
ydif
ferentconclusi
ons.Howdot wowar s
i
nspir
edbymor eorlessthesamei deal
sendupsocompl etelydif
ferent?Whywast heAmer i
can
Revol
utionlargel
yasuccessandt heFrenchRev olut
ionl
argelyafail
ure?Histori
anshave
point
edtomyri
adreasons-fartoovar
ioustobel i
stedhere.Howev er
,themostfrequentl
ycited
areworthment
ioni
ng.Forone,theAmericanRevoluti
onwasf arremovedfrom t
heOl dWor l
d;
thati
s,si
ncei
twasonadi ff
erentcont
inent,
otherEuropeannationsdidnotat
temptt oint
erfere
withi
t.

Howev er,intheFrenchRev olut

ion,ther
ewer ei
mmediatecri
esf orwarfrom nei
ghbori
ng
nati
ons.Ear l
yon,forinstance,t
heoust edkingatt
emptedtofl
eetonei ghbori
ngAustri
aandthe
armywai t
ingt her
e.Thenewl yformedFr enchRepubli
calsowarr
edwi thBelgi
um, andaconfl
ict
wit
hBr i
tai
nl oomed.Thus, t
heFrenchhadt heburdennotonl
yofwi nni
ngar evolut
ionbutal
so
defendi
ngi tfr
om outside.TheAmer i
cansimplyhadtowinarevoluti
on.

Secondly,t
heAmer icanRevolut
ionseemedt ohav eabet terchanceofsuccessf r
om t heget-
go,duetothefacttheAmer i
cansal r
eadysawt hemsel v
esassomet hi
ngot herthanBri
tish
subject
s.Thus,t
herewasal r
eadyauni quelyAmer i
canchar acter,so, t
herewasnotasl oudacr y
topreserv
etheBr i
ti
shwayofl i
fe.InFrance,sever
althousandsofpeopl estil
lsupport
edt heking,
l
argelybecausethekingwasseenasessent ial
partofFrenchl if
e.Andwhent hekingwasf i
rst
oustedandthenkill
ed,somebel i
evedthatcharacterit
selfwascor rupted.Remember ,the
Amer i
cansdidnotoustakingorki l
lhim -theymerelyseparatedf rom him.

Finall
y,thereisagener alagreementt hattheFr enchwer enotasunifi
edast heAmer icans,
who, f
orthemostpar t
,putasi det heirpol i
ticaldi
fferenceunt i
laft
ertheyhadal r
eadyf or
meda
newnat i
on.TheFr ench,despit etheirTenni sCourtOat h,couldnotdoso.I nfi
ghtingledtoinner
tur
moi l
,civ
il war,
andev entuallytheRei gnofTer ror,inwhichpol i
ti
caldi
ssi dentswer eexecuted
i
nlargenumber s.Addit
ionall
y, theFr enchpeopl ethemsel veswer enotunified.Thenat i
onhad
somuchst rati
fi
cati
onthatitwasi mpossi bletouni t
eal lofthem -thewor kers,thepeasants,the
middle-
class, t
henobles,thecl ergy-i ntoonecause.Andt heatt
empt stodosounderanew
rel
i
gion,theDi vi
neCultofReason, certainlydidnothel p.TheAmer i
cans,remember ,never
att
empt edt ochangethesoci et yatlar ge;rather,t
heymer elyatt
emptedt ochanget he
government .

(
i)Whyandhowdi
dtheRei
gnofTer
rorhappen?

(
ii
)Inwhatwaysdoestheauthorsuggestt
hatt
heAmer
icanRev
olut
ionwaseasi
ert
ocompl
ete
t
hantheFrenchRev
oluti
on?

(i
i
i)Ofthechal
l
engesment i
onedf
aci
ngtheFrenchr
evol
uti
onari
es,whi
chdoyout
hinkhadt
he
great
esti
mpactonthei
rinabil
i
tyt
ocomplet
easuccessf
ulrevol
uti
on?Why?

(i
v)Ofthest
rengt
hsmenti
onedaidi
ngt
heAmericanrevol
uti
onari
es,
whi
chdoy
out
hinghadt
he
great
esti
mpactonthei
rabi
li
tyt
ocompeteasuccessfulr
evol
uti
on?Why
?

4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Act
ionsspeakl
oudert
hanwor
ds

(
ii
)Gi
rl
sar
emor
eint
ell
i
gentt
hanboy
s
(
ii
i)Fi
rstdeser
ve,
thendesi
re

(
iv)Not
hingi
scer
tai
nunl
essi
tisachi
eved

5.Useonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ngs.

(
i)Tobr
inggr
istt
othemi
l
l

(
ii
)Tokeepone'
sfi
nger
scr
ossed

(
ii
i)Wi
thone'
stonguei
none'
scheek

(
iv)Ast
ormi
nthet
eacup

(
v)Tot
alkt
hroughone'
shat

(
vi)Hum andHaw

(
vii
)Tol
ett
hegr
assgr
owunderone'
sfeet

(
vii
i
)Pennywi
seandpoundf
ool
i
sh

6.Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)Eachf
urni
tur
eint
hisdi
spl
ayi
sonsal
eforhal
fpr
ice

(
ii
)Hei
sabusi
ngt
hemoneyofhi
sfat
her
.

(i
i
i)Theduti
esoft
henewsecr
etar
yar
etoanswert
het
elephone,
tot
ypel
ett
ersand
bookkeepi
ng.

(
iv)Thenewmodel
sar
enotonl
ylessexpensi
vebutmor
eef
fi
ciental
so

(
v)Hecompl
i
edwi
tht
her
equi
rementt
hatal
lgr
aduat
est
udent
sineducat
ionshoul
dwr
it
ea
t
hesi
s.

(
vi)Nosoonerwel
eftt
heshopi
tbegant
orai
n.

(
vii
)Thepopul
ati
onofKar
achi
isgr
eat
ert
hananyot
herci
tyi
nPaki
stan.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

45.YEAR2015

PARTI
I

2.Makeapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
extandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.(
20)
 Inst uddingt hebr eakdownsofci v i
lizati
ons, thewr it
erhassubscr ibedt otheconcl usi on-no
newdi scov ery!-t hatwarhaspr ovedt ohav ebeent hepr oximat ecauseoft hebr eakdownof
ever yci vi
li
zationwhi chi sknowf orcer tai
nt ohav ebr okendown, insof arasi thasbeen
possi blet oanal y
zet henat ureoft hesebr eakdownsandt oaccountf ort heiroccur r
ence.Li ke
otherev il
swarhasnoi nsidiouswayofappear i
ngnoti nt olerableuntil i
thassecur edsucha
strangl eholdupont hel iv
esofi t
saddi ctsthatt heynol ongerhav ethepowert oescapef rom its
gri
pwheni t
sdeadl ineshasbecomemani fest .Int heear l
yst agesofci vil
izati
on'sgrowt h,the
costofwar si nsuf feringanddest ruct ionmi ghtseem t obeexceededbyt hebenef i
tsoccur ri
ng
fr
om t hewi nni ngofweal t
handpowerandt hecul tiv ationoft he"mi l
itaryv ir
tues";and, i
nt his
phaseofhi stor y,stateshav eoftenf oundt hemsel v esabl etoi ndul
gei nwarwi thoneanot her
withsomet hingl ikeimpuni tyevenf ort hedef eat edpar ty.Wardoesnotbegi ntor eveal i
ts
mal ignitytil
l t
hewarmaki ngsoci etyhasbegunt oi ncr easei tseconomi cabi l
itytoexpl oit
phy sical natureandi tspol iti
calabi li
tyt oorgani zemanpower ; but,
assoonast hishappens, t
he
goodofwart owhi cht hegr owingsoci etyhasl ongsi ncebeendedi cat edpr oveshi msel fa
Mol ochbydev our i
nganev erlargershar eoft heincr easi ngfr uit
sofman' si ndustryand
i
ntel li
gencei nt hepr ocessoft akinganev erl argert ol lofl if
eandhappi ness; and, whent he
soci ety'sgrowt hinef fici
encyr eachesapoi ntatwhi chi tbecomescapabl eofmobi li
zingal ethal
quant um ofi tsener giesandr esour cesofmi l
itaryuset henwarr evealsi t
selfasbei ngacancer
whi chi sboundt opr ov efataltoi tsv ictim unl esshecancuti toutandcasti tfrom hi m, sincei t
s
mal ignantt issueshav enowl earntt ogr owf ast erthatt heheal thyti
ssuesonwhi cht heyf eed.

Int hepastwhent hi sdanger -

poi ntinthehi st
oryoft her elati
onsbet weenwarandci v i
li
zati
on
hasbeenr eachedandr ecognized, seri
ousef fort
shav esomet i
mesbeenmadet ogetr idofwar
i
nt i
met osav esoci et y,andt heseendeav ourshavebeenaptt ot akeoneorot heroft wo
alt
ernat i
v edi rections.Sal vati
oncannot ,ofcourse,besoughtany wher eexcepti nt hewor ki
ngof
theconsci encesofi ndi vi
dual humanbei ngs;butindivi
dual shav eachoi cebetweent r
yingto
achievet heiraimst hr oughdi rectact i
onaspr i
vateciti
zensandt r yi
ngt oachievet henthrough
i
ndirectact i
onasci tizenofst ates.Per sonal ref
usal t
ol endhi msel finanywayt oanywarwaged
byhisst atef oranypur poseandi nanyci r
cumst ancesi sal ineofat tackagainstt heinstit
uti
on
ofwart hati slikelyt oappeal t
oanar dentandsel f-
sacrifi
cingnat ur
e; bycompar ison,the
alt
ernat i
v epeacest rat egyofseeki ngt oper suadeandaccust om gov ernment stocombi nein
j
ointlyresi stingaggr essi onwheni tcomesandi ntr
y i
ngt or emov ei t
sst i
mulibefor ehandmay
seem aci r
cui t
ousandunher oiclineofat t
ackont hepr oblem.Yetexper i
enceupt odate
i
ndicat esunmi stakabl y ,i
nt hepr esentwr i
ter'
sopinion,thatt hesecondoft heset wohar droads
i
sbyf art hemor epr omi sing.

Q.
3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
extcar
eful
l
yandanswert
hequest
ionsbel
ow.

Exper iencehasqui tedefi

nitel
yshownt hatsomer easonforholdi
ngabel i
efaremuchmor e
l
ikelytobej ustifi
edbyt heeventthanother s.I
tmi ghtnatural
lybesupposed, f
orinst
ance,that
thebestofal l
reasonf orabeliefwasast rongconv icti
onofcer t
aint
yaccompany ingthebeli
ef.
Exper i
ence,howev er
,showst hatthisi
snotso, andt hatasamat t
eroffact,conv
icti
onbyitsel
f
i
smor elikelytomi sl
eadthani ti
st oguaranteetruth.Ont heotherhand,l
ackofassuranceand
persistenthesitati
ontocomet oanybeliefwhat everar eequal
lypoorguaranteethatthef
ew
beli
ef swhichar ear ri
vedatar esound.Exper ienceal soshowst hatasser tion,howev erlong
continued,althoughi tisunfortunat el
ywi thmanypeopl eanef fect iveenoughmeansofi nducing
beli
ef ,i
snotananywayagr oundf orhol dingi t.Themet hodwhi chhaspr ovedef f
ect i
ve,asa
mat terofactual fact,i
nprov i
dingoff ir
mf oundat i
onf orbel i
efwher ev erithasbeencapabl eof
applicati
on,iswhati susuall
ycal l
edt hesci entifi
cmet hod.If irml ybel i
evet hatthesci entif
ic
met hod,alt
houghsl owandnev erclaimingt oleadt ocompl etet ruth,istheonl ymet hodwhi chis
thelongr unwi l
l givesati
sfactor yfoundat ionsf orbel i
efs.Itconsi stsi ndemandi ngf actsast he
onlybasi sforconcl usi
ons,andi nconsistent l
yandcont i
nuousl yt estinganyconcl usionswhi ch
mayhav ebeenr eached,againstt het estofnewf actsand, wher everpossi bl
e,byt hecruci alt
est
ofexper i
ment .Itconsistsalsoi nf ull
publ icationoft heev idenceonwhi chconcl usi onsar e
based, sothatot herwor kersmaybeassi stedi nnewr esearches, orenabl edtodev eloptheir
owni nt
erpr
etationsandar r
iveatpossi blyv erydi f
ferentconcl usions.

Ther ear e, howev er,allsortsofoccasi onsonwhi cht hescient i

fi
cmet hodi snotappl icable.
Thatmet hodi nv ol
v essl owt est i
ng, fr
equentsuspensi onofj udgment ,r
est r
ictedconcl usions.
Theex igenci esofev erydaylife,ont heot herhand, of tenmakei tnecessar yt oactonahast
balanci ngofadmi ttedl yincompl eteev i
dence, t
ot akei mmedi ateact i
on, andt odraw
concl usionsi nadv anceofev idence.I tisalsotruet hatsuchact i
onwi llalwaysbenecessar y,
andnecessar yinrespectofev erlargerissues; andt hisi nspiteoft hefactt hatoneoft hemost
i
mpor tantt rendsofci vil
izati
oni st oremov espher eaf terspher eofl i
feoutoft hedomai nof
suchi nt uit
ivej udgmenti ntothedomai nofr i
gidcal culationbasedonsci ence.I ti
sher et hat
beliefpay si tsmosti mpor tantr ole.Whenwecannotbecer tain,wemustpr oceedi npar tbyf ai
th
-faithnotonl yi nthev alidit
yofourowncapaci tyofmaki ngjudgment s,butal sointheex ist
ence
ofcer tainot herr ealities,pre-emi nentlymor alandspi rit
ual r
eal i
ti
es.Ithasbeensai dt hatf ai
th
consi stsinact ingal way sont henobl erhy pothesis; andt hought hisdefiniti
oni sat ri
fl
e
rhetorical,itembodi esaseedofr ealtruth.

Quest
ions

(
i)Gi
vet
hemeani
ngoft
heunder
li
nedphr
asesast
heyar
eusedi
nthepassage.

(
ii
)Whatj
ust
if
icat
iondoest
heaut
horcl
aimf
ort
hebel
i
efi
nthesci
ent
if
icmet
hod?

(i
i
i)Doyougat
herfrom t
hepassagethatconcl
usi
onsr
eachedbyt
hesci
ent
if
icmet
hodshoul
d
beconsi
der
edfinal
?Givereasonsf
oryouranswer
.

(
iv)I
nwhatci
rcumst
ances,
accor
dingt
otheaut
hor
,isi
tnecessar
ytoabandont
hesci
ent
if
ic
method?

(
v)Howdoest
hebasi
sof'
i
ntui
ti
vej
udgment
'di
ff
erf
rom t
hesci
ent
if
icdeci
sion?

4.Wr
it
eacompr
ehensi
venot
e(250-
300wor
ds)onanyONEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
opi
cs.

(
i)Educat
ionshoul
dbef
orl
i
fe,
notf
orl
i
vel
i
hood.

(
ii
)Thear
tofbei
ngt
act
ful
(
ii
i)Humannat
urei
sseenati
tsbestadv
ersi
ty

(
iv)Spar
ether
odandspoi
lthechi
l
d.

5.UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.

(
i)I
tchi
ngpal
m

(
ii
)Thepr
imr
osepat
h

(
ii
i)Br
eakone'
sfal
l

(
iv)Washone'
shandsof

(
v)Tobecomer
econci
l
eto

(
vi)Tomi
l
itat
eagai
nst

(
vii
)Tobecogni
zantof

(
vii
i
)Wagesofsi
n

(
b)Expl
aint
hedi
ff
erencebet
weent
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
dpai
rsbydef
ini
ngeachwor
d.(
Doonl
yFI
VE)

(
i)Pl
aint
if
f,Pl
aint
ive

(
ii
)Val
et,
Var
let

(
ii
i)Moni
tor
,Ment
or

(
iv)Compl
acent
,Compl
aisant

(
v)Peni
tence,
Penance

(
vi)Cr
evi
ce,
Crev
asse

(
vii
)Benef
icent
,Benef
ici
al

6.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

(
i)Hav
eei
therofy
ouseenmypen?

(i
i
)Onattempt
ingt
orest
oret
hepi
ctur
etoi
tsor
igi
nal
condi
ti
on,
almosti
rr
epar
abl
echangewas
di
scov
ered.

(
ii
i)Thechi
l
dist
hepr
ett
iestoft
het
wo.

(
iv)Iwasannoy
edar
ri
vi
ngl
ate,
alsohi
srat
heri
nsol
entmannerputmeoutoft
emper
.

(
v)Hei
sanxi
ousnotonl
ytoacqui
reknowl
edge,
butal
soeagert
odi
spl
ayi
t.
(
vi)I
fhewasher
enow,
weshoul
dhav
enodi
ff
icul
ty.

(
vii
)Duet
ounf
oreseenenv
ironment
s,weshal
lhav
etol
eav
eear
ly.

(
vii
i
)Peopl
ehav
eandst
il
ldodi
sagr
eeont
hismat
ter
.

(
b)Rewri
teONEoft hef ol
l
owingpassages,
conv
ert
ingwhati
sindi
rectspeechi
ntoi
ndi
rect
,and
whati
sinindi
rectspeechint
odir
ect.

(i
)Justaswecameinsi
deofthev
all
eyJami
lmetus,
--"
yes,
thev
all
eyi
sal
lver
yfi
ne,
butdoy
ou
knowtherei
snot
ingtoeat
?"

"
Nonsense;
wecaneatany
thi
ngher
e."

"
Wel
l
,thebr
ownbr
ead'
stwomont
hsol
d,andt
her
e'snot
hingel
sebutpot
atoes.
"

"
Ther
emustbemi
l
kany
how.
"

"
Yes,
ther
ewasmi
l
k,hesupposed.
"

(i
i)MissAndleedsai
dshet houghtEngl
ishfoodwasl
ovel
y,andthatshewasprepar
inga
questi
onnair
et obeci
rcul
atedtothestudentsoft
heuni
ver
sity
,withthev
iewtofi
ndingoutt
hei
r
eati
ngprefer
ences.

"
Butt
hest
udent
swon'
tfi
l
laquest
ionnai
re,
"sai
dMi
ri
am.

"
Won'
tfi
l
lupquest
ionnai
re?
"cr
iedMi
ssAndl
eed,
takenaback.

"
No"
,sai
dMi
ri
am,
"theywon'
t.Asanat
ionwear
enot
,quest
ionnai
re-
consci
ous.
"

"
Wel
l
,that
'st
oobad"
,sai
dMi
ssAndal
eeb.

Not
esPr
epar
edBy
:Pr
of.ShahbazAsghar

46.Year2016

PART-I
I

Q.
2.Wr
it
eapr
eci
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagei
nabout120wor
dsandsuggestasui
tabl
eti
tl
e.(
20)

Duringmyv acati
onlastMay,Ihadahardtimechoosi
ngat our
.Fli
ghtstoJapan,HongKong
andAustral
i
aar ejusttoocommon.WhatIwant edwassomewher eexciti
ngandexoti
c,apl
ace
whereIcouldbespar edfr
om t
heholidaytourcr
owds.IwassohappywhenJohncal l
edup,
suggesti
ngatriptoCherokee,
acount r
yinthestat
eofOklahoma.Iagreedandwentoffwit
hthe
preparationi mmedi atel y.Wet ookaf l
ightt oCher okeeandv isit
edat owncal ledQual laBoundar y
surroundedbymagni fi
centmount ainscener y, thet ownpai ntedapar adisebef oreus.Wi thi ts
Oconal ufteeI ndianVi ll
ager eproduci ngt ri
balcraf tsandl i
f estylesoft he18t hcent ur yandt he
outdoorhi st
or i
cal pageantUnt oTheseHi l
lsplay ingsi xt i
mesweekl yi nt hesummerni ght s.
Qual l
aBoundar yt r
iest opr esentabr iefi mageoft heCher okeepastt ot het ourists.Despi tet he
l
anguagebar rier,wemanagedt ofindourwayt ot hesouv enirshopswi tht hehel poft henat i
ves.
Theshopswer ef il
ledwi thr ubbertomahawksandcol orful tr
adi t
ional warbonnet s, madeof
dyedt urkeyf eather s.Tepees, cone- shapedt ent smadef rom ani mal skin, wereal sopi tchednear
theshops." Wel come!Wantt ogetany thing?"Wel ookedupandsawami ddle-agedmansmi li
ng
atus.Wewer ev erysur pr i
sedbyhi sf luentEngl ish.Hei ntroducedhi msel fasGeor geandwe
endedupchat ti
ngt illluncht i
mewhenhei nv
itedusf orlunchatanear bycof feeshop.
"Somet imes, I'vet owor kfrom mor ningt osunsetdur ingt het ourseason.Any way , thisi sst ill
betterof fthanbei ngawoodcut t
er...
."Remembr ancewei ght edheav yonGeor ge'smi ndandhe
wentont otellust hatheusedt ocutf irewoodf oral i
vingbutcoul dhar dlymakeendsmeet .We
l
ear ntfrom hi mt hatt heCher okeesdonotdependsol elyont radef orsur v i
val.Dur ingt het our
off-peakper iod, thet ribewoul dhav et ot ryoutot hermeansf orincome.Oneoft hesuccessf ul
way sist he"Bi ngoWeekend" .Ont heFr i
dayaf ter noonsoft heBi ngoweekends, al ar gebi ngohal l
wasopened, at t
ract inghugecr owdsofpeopl et ot hev ari
ouski ndsofgamesl i
ket heSuper
Jackpotandt heWar riorGameSpeci al .Accor dingt oGeor ge, t
hesef or msofent ert ainment
fetchthem gr eatr etur ns.ourf inalst opi nQual l
aBoundar ywasatt hemuseum wher ear ts,
rangingf rom t hesi mpl ehand- wov enbasket st owoodandst onecar v i
ngsofwol v es, rav ensand
othersy mbol sofCher okeecosmol ogyar edispl ay ed.Backathome, Ireal l
ymi ssedt hepl ace
andIwoul dofcour sel ookf orwardt ot henextt ript oanot herexot i
cpl ace.

3.Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagecar
eful
l
yandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.(
20)

TheNewYeari sthet i
mef orr esol ution.Ment all
y ,atleastmostofuscoul dcompi l
e
formi dabl elistsof'do'sanddon' ts'.Thesameol dfav oritesr ecury earinandy earoutwi t
hthe
children, doat housandandonej obaboutt hehouse, beni cet opeopl ewedon' tlike, dri
ve
caref ull
y, andt akethedogf orawal kev eryday .Pastexper iencehast aughtust hatcer t
ain
accompl ishment sarebey ondat tainment .Ifwer emai ndeepr oot edliars,itisonl ybecausewe
hav esoof t
enexper i
encedt hef rust rationt hatr esultsf r
om f ai l
ure.Mostofusf ailinouref f
orts
atsel f-i
mpr ovementbecauseourschemesar et ooambi tiousandwenev erhav et imet ocarry
them out .Weal somaket hef undament al er rorofannounci ngourr esolutiontoev er ybodyso
thatwel ookev enmor efoolishwhenwesl ipbacki nt oourbadol dway s.Awar eoft her epit
fal
ls,
thisy earIat t
empt edt okeepmyr esol utiont omy selfIlimi tedt otwomodestambi tions,todo
phy sical exerciseev erymor ningandt or eadmor eint heev eni ng.Anov ernightpar tyonNew
Year 'sEv epr ov i
dedmewi t
hagoodexcusef ornotcar r
yingoutei theroft hesenewr esoluti
ons
ont hef irstdayoft hey ear,butont hesecond, Iappl i
edmy sel fassi duousl ytothet ask.Thedai l
y
exer cisel astedonlyel evenmi nutesandIpr oposedt odot hem ear lyint hemor ningbef ore
any onehadgotup.Thesel f-discipliner equi redt odr agmy sel foutofbedel evenmi nutesearli
er
thanusual wasconsi derable.Nev ertheless, Imanagedt ocr eepdowni nt otheliv i
ngr oom for
twoday sbef oreany onef oundmeout .Af terj umpi ngabouti nt hecar petandt wist edt hehuman
framei ntouncomf or t
ableposi tions.Isatdownatt hebr eakf astt ableinanexhaust edcondi ti
on.
Itwast histhatbetr
ay edme.Thenex tmor ni
ngt hewhol efami l
ytroopedi nt owat cht he
performance.Thatwasr eallyunsett
li
ngbuti f
endedof fthet auntsandj i
besoft hef amilygood
humor edlyandsoonev er ybodygotusedt ot heidea.Howev er,myent husiasm waned, thetimeI
spentatex ercisesgradual l
ydimi ni
shed.Li tt
lebyl i
tt
let heel evenmi nutesf ellt
ozer o.By
January10t hIwasbackt owher eIhadst artedfrom.Iar guedt hati fIspentl esst i
me
exhaust i
ngmy selfatexer cisesinthemor ning,Iwoul dkeepmymi ndf r
eshf orr eadingwhenI
gothomef rom work.Resi stingthehypnot izingeffectoft elevision, Isatinmyr oom f orafew
eveningswi thmyey esgl uedt oabook.Oneni ght,howev er,feeli
ngcol dandl onel y
,Iwent
downst air
sandsati nf rontoft hetel
ev i
sionpr etendingt or ead.Thatpr ovedt obymyundoi ng,
forIsoongotbackt ot heol dbadhabi tofdozi ngof finf rontoft hescr een, Istil
lhav en'
tgivenup
myr esoluti
ont odomor er eading.I
nf act
, Ihav ejustboughtabookent it
led'Howt oReada
ThousandWor dsaMi nute'.Perhapsitwi l
l solvemypr oblem, butIjusthav enothadt imetor ead
i
t .

Quest
ions

(
i)Whymostofusf
ail
inouref
for
tsf
orsel
f-
impr
ovement
?(5)

(
ii
)Whyi
sitabasi
cmi
staket
oannounceourr
esol
uti
ont
oev
ery
body
?(5)

(
ii
i)Whydi
dthewr
it
ernotcar
ryouthi
sresol
uti
ononNewYear
'sDay
?(5)

(
iv)Fi
ndoutt
hewor
dsi
ntheabov
epassagewhi
chconv
eyt
hesi
mil
armeani
ngt
othef
oll
owi
ng
(
5)

I
nti
midat
ing,
Per
il
,Dwi
ndl
e,Repel
,Bar
b

4.(
a)Cor
rectonl
yFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.(
5)

(
i)Wewer
est
ayi
ngatmysi
ster
'scape'
scodev
acat
ionhome.

(
ii
)Sher
ecommendedmet
hatIt
akeaf
ewday
sof
ffr
om wor
k.

(
ii
i)It
ri
edt
oexpl
ainhi
mthepr
obl
em,
buthehaddi
ff
icul
tyunder
standi
ngme.

(
iv)I
'
lldot
hegr
ocer
yshoppi
ngf
ory
ourgr
andma,
Lucysai
d.

(
v)Wet
ookat
ent
,acool
er,
andasl
eepi
ngbag.

(
vi)Idon'
tknowwhyy
oudi
dn'
tgo.I
fIwer
eyou,
Ishoul
dhav
egone.

(
vii
)Kev
insay
shest
oppedt
otr
avel
int
ernat
ional
l
ybecauseofhi
sfami
l
y.

(
vii
i
)Don'
trun!Mr
.Sal
manshout
ed.

(
b)Chooset
hepunct
uat
ionmar
kthati
sneedi
neachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.(
5)

(
i)"
Iti
sn'
tfai
r!
"shout
edMar
ti
n.CoachLewi
snev
erl
etsmest
artt
hegame!
"
(i
i
)Maur een'
sthr
eesist
ers,Mol
l
y,Shannon,
andPat
ri
ciaar
eal
lspendi
ngt
hesummeratt
hei
r
grandmother
'sbeachhouse.

(i
i
i)Forthecent
repieces,
thef
lor
istr
ecommendedt
hef
oll
owi
ngf
lower
sdai
sies,
tul
i
ps,
daff
odil
s,andhyaci
nths.

(
iv)Li
l
yisanaccompl
i
shedgy
mnastshewont
hreemedal
sinherl
astcompet
it
ion.

(v
)Ever
yonewasshockedwhenMasSmi
thf
iel
d-ast
udi
ous,
ext
remel
ybr
ighthi
ghschool
seni
or
deci
dedthatcol
l
egewasnotf
orhi
m.

5.(
a)Chooset
heanal
ogyoft
hewor
dswr
it
teni
ncapi
tal
let
ter
s(AnyFI
VE)(
5)

(
i)SLAPSTI
CK:
LAUGHTER(
Fal
l
acy
:Di
smay
,Genr
e:My
ster
y,Sat
ir
e:Anger
,Hor
ror
:Fear
)

(i
i
)CONVICTION:INCARNATION(Reduct
ion:
Dimi
nut
ion,
Induct
ion:
Amel
i
orat
ion,
Radi
cal
i
zat
ion:
Esti
mat
ion,
Mar gi
nali
zat
ion:
Int
imi
dati
on)

(i
i
i)PROFESSOR:ERUDITE(
Avi
ator:Li
censed,
Inv
ent
or:
Imagi
nat
ive,
Procr
ast
inat
or:
Consci
enti
ous,
Overseer
:Weal
thy)

(i
v)METAPHOR:
SYMBOL(
Pent
amet
er:Poem,
Rhy
thm:Mel
ody
,Nuance:
Song,
Anal
ogy
:
Compari
son)

(v
)SPY:CLANDESTI
NE(
Account
ant
:Met
icul
ous,
Fur
ri
er:
Rambunct
ious,
Lawy
er:
Ironi
c,
Shepher
d:Gar
rul
ous

(v
i)VERVE:ENTHUSI
ASM (
Loy
alt
y:Dupl
i
cit
y,Dev
oti
on:
Rev
erence,
Int
ensi
ty:
Col
our
,Emi
nence:
Anonymit
y)

(
vii
)DELTOI
D:MUSCLE(
Radi
us:
Bone,
Brai
n:Ner
ve,
Tissue:
Organ,
Blood:
Vei
n)

(v
ii
i)DEPENDABLE:
CAPRI
CIOUS(
Fal
l
ibl
e:Cant
anker
ous,
Erasabl
e:Obt
use,
Mal
l
eabl
e:Li
mpi
d,
Capable:
Inept
)

(
b)Rewr
it
ethef
oll
owi
ngdi
alogue,
wri
tt
eni
nindi
rectspeech,
inapar
agr
aphf
orm.(
5)

Hel
en:
MrWest
,what
'shappenedt
oJohn?

MrWest
:He'
slef
tthecompany
.

Hel
en:
Whyhashedonet
hat
?

MrWest
:Heaskedmef
orar
isebutIdi
dn'
tgi
vei
ttohi
m.

Hel
en:
Whydi
dn'
tyougi
vehi
m ar
ise?

MrWest
:Becausehewasl
azy
.

Hel
en:
Hashef
oundanot
herj
ob?
MrWest
:Yes,
hei
swor
kingi
naf
il
m company
.

Hel
en:
Whati
shi
ssal
aryl
i
ke?

MrWest
:It
hinkheear
nsqui
teal
ot.

Hel
en:
Doeshel
i
ket
henewj
ob?

MrWest
:Idon'
tknow.

6.(a)Explai
nthedi
ffer
encebet
weent
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
dpai
rsbyusi
ngeachwor
diny
ourown
sentences.(
AnyFIVE)(5)

(
i)Adv
erse,
Aver
se

(
ii
)Al
toget
her
,Al
ltoget
her

(
ii
i)Al
l
ude,
Elude

(
iv)Br
aise,
Braze

(
v)Cur
b,Ker
b

(
vi)Faze,
Phase

(
vii
)May
be,
Maybe

(
vii
i
)Moat
,Mot
e

(
b)UseanyFI
VEoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nsent
enceswhi
chi
l
lust
rat
ethei
rmeani
ng.(
5)

(
i)Smashhi
t

(
ii
)Mur
phy
'sl
aw

(
ii
i)Pl
acei
ntheSun

(
iv)Woodenspoon

(
v)Gobananas

(
vi)Bear
dthel
i
oni
nhi
sden

(
vii
)Gr
oani
nwar
dly

(
vii
i
)Chi
ckenout

7.Tr
ansl
atet
hefol
l
owi
ngUr
dupar
agr
aphi
ntoEngl
i
shbykeepi
ngi
nvi
ewf
igur
ati
ve/i
diomat
ic
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