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BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE BEAM WITH BAMBOO AS

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2017, pp. 580–587, Article ID: IJCIET_08_09_066
Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=9
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CEMENT

CONCRETE BEAM WITH BAMBOO AS
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR
REINFORCEMENT
Syed Faraz Siddique
Assistant Professor, Department Of civil Engineering,
Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Priyanka S
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Nishanth L
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
SEA college of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
The haphazard infrastructural progress has lead to rapid destruction of the
ecosystem. Steel, cement, synthetic polymers and metal alloys used for development
movements are power severe which causes environmental pollution for the period of
their whole life cycle. Bamboo is highly- yield renewable resources which can replace
the steel reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo reduces 35% carbon dioxide in the
climate and delivers more oxygen. The study of behavior of a Composite material that
is Bamboo as a Replacement for Reinforcement in concrete is studied in this project.
Mechanical properties of Bamboo are studied and basic testing like Water Absorption
tests using two different coating, Compression test of bamboo are carried out. The
method of partial replacement of steel, the bamboo culms is placed below the
reinforcement in order to reduce the quantity of steel reinforcement in a beam
element. A comparison is done between the Analytical Results obtained by Analysis of
Bamboo Reinforced beams in ANSYS software to the experimental results. The
percentage of water absorption in bamboo coating with polyester resin was 8.09%. By
the Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots
and of Bamboo with Knots, we conclude that bamboo without knots have more
ultimate compressive strength than compared to bamboo with knots. The flexural
strength of bamboo reinforced concrete with 8mm diameter bar was found to be
38MPa. Final cracking load of the bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS
software is 26KN.
Key words: ANSYS, Bamboo reinforcement, Flexure test, Composite beam.

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 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for
Reinforcement

Cite this Article: Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L, Behavior of

Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for
Reinforcement. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(9), 2017,
pp. 580–587.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=9

1. INTRODUCTION
The usage of metal is presently constrained heavily in development industry. The
manufacturing of substances like cement, steel, glass, plastic and aluminium that use limited
mineral assets majorly contribute towards the ecosystem deterioration. The Bamboo attracts
the living organisms such as bugs and fungi, Since Bamboo have high content of Vitamins
and Minerals it is highly vulnerable to fungi. To overcome this problem we need treatment of
bamboo by preserving it from the living organisms. Bamboo forests are determined
throughout tropic and sub-tropic zones between latitudes of about 40° south, i.e. Areas with
imply annual temperatures from 20°C to 30°C. The plant gets totally matured at an age of
three to four years. Due to these good features of Bamboo which was experimented during the
previous years, bamboo was said to be one of the best substitute material for reinforcement.
The addition according to greenhouse effect and sustainable society, bamboo is predicted to
make contributions greatly to seismic-resistant construction and building retrofit technology
in the evolving countries. The strength of bamboo is greater than most timber products that
are effective; however it has its tensile strength roughly equal to 1/2 the tensile force of metal.
The Bamboo is readily available as it grows in nearly every warm and humid neighborhood.
Bamboo weighs less than that of steel. The aspects shown in table 1 refer bamboo as a
convenient structural material. These when integrated, propose bamboo a best solution for the
current determination for its use.

Table 1 Comparison between Mild steel and Bamboo

Ultimate Yield
Young's Density
Material strength strength
(MPa)
Modulus (MPa) (kg/m3)
(MPa)
Mild Steel 410 250 200000 7850
Bamboo 150 80 14000 750

2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Analytical and Experimental Procedure of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete
Beams
In the Analytical part, the reinforced cement concrete beam is modelled and analyzed. And
the bamboo reinforced beam element is modelled and analyzed by varying the reinforcement
on to the bamboo culms. Modeling of bamboo culms is done in ANSYS software by inputting
the parameters related to bamboo, reinforcement, and concrete. Bamboo Reinforced Beams of
6 numbers with a composition of Bamboo culms with the reinforcement is casted with M20
grade of concrete. The dimension of the beam is 230X300X2000mm. Three different beams
each of two numbers were casted. The details of the beams are given in the Table 2.

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 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L

Table 2 Bamboo reinforced beams detailing

Beams Beams Detailing Diagram
10mm Bottom Steel : 3bars of 10mm diameter
with Bamboo strip below the
reinforcements
Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width
and 10mm thickness

8mm Bottom Steel : 3bars of 8mm diameter

with Bamboo strip below the
reinforcements

Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width

and 10mm thickness

8mm MILD STEEL Bottom Steel : 3bars of 8mm diameter

MS with Bamboo strip below the
reinforcements

Top : 2 Bamboo strips of 25mm width

and 10mm thickness

Modeling of Bamboo reinforced beam element with 8mm bars as partial replacement
along with the Bamboo Culm

Figure 1 Modeled Bamboo culms in ANSYS Figure 2 Modeled Bamboo culms with 8mm bar

3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
3.1. Water Proof Material
When Bamboo is used as reinforcement in concrete it is subjected to swelling, which can be
prevented by waterproof coating. Polyester Resin is used as water proofing agent with the
help of catalyst and a reagent in order to fasten up the drying process of resin.

3.2. Steel Bars

HYSD bars of 8mm, 10mm are used and 8mm of Mild Steel bars is used in tension zone with
the Bamboo strip.

3.3. Concrete
Mix design is carried out as for M20 grade concrete as per IS 10262 – 2009 and guidelines
stipulated by IS 456 – 2000.

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 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for
Reinforcement

Table 3 Ratio of mix design

Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate
1 2.67 3.72

3.4. Water Absorption Test

The water absorption capacities of bamboo increases with broaden in nodes. Dry samples of
bamboo were taken in both coated and natural form. Two different type of coating were
applied, one with polyester resin and the other with the coal tar creosote. They were immersed
in water for a week and their weights were taken down. The difference in weights is expressed
as the percentage of water absorption for coated as well as for the Natural form.

Table 4 Comparison of percentage of water absorption in bamboo without coating, coating with coal
tar creosote, coating with polyester resin
Percentage of water absorption Percentage of water Percentage of water
without coating absorption coating with coal absorption coating with
% tar creosote % polyester resin %
100 27.77 8.09

Figure 3 Water Absorption Test of Bamboo Specimen Coating with Coal tar creosote, without
coating, Coating with Polyester Resin

3.5. Compression Test

Bamboo cylinders had been all set of 5 cm length and with various diameters. It has been
acclaimed that the samples of bamboo must be seasoned properly with plain surface. Five
samples of bamboo cylinders without knots and 5 samples bamboo cylinders with knots were
tested for compression.

3.5.1. Preparation of the Specimen

The basic preparation of the specimen is done in order to place the specimen perfectly in the
UTM. With the help of lathe machine, the irregular surface of the bamboo cylindrical surface
Specimen is made plain, so that the load is equally distributed on to the in a uniform manner.

Figure 4 Specimens of Bamboo without knots Figure 5 Specimens of Bamboo with knots

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 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L

Figure 6 Failure Pattern of Bamboo Specimens without knots for Compression test

Figure 7 Specimens of Bamboo without knots and with Knots after failure has occurred

Therefore the Ultimate compressive strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without knots are
higher due to the uniform arrangement of fiber and absence of knots in between the bamboo
specimen.

Table 4 Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots and with
Knots
Bamboo without Knots Bamboo with Knots
Ultimate compressive strength (N/mm²) Ultimate compressive strength (N/mm²)
51.92 45.16

3.6. Bamboo Treatment Process

The applied Coatings must be skinny; a thick coating will lubricate the skin and weaken the
bond with the concrete. The type of coating applied on to the Bamboo is polyester resin using
catalyst and reagent to fasten the process of hardening, and the application was through the
paint brush. In order to have a good bonding with the concrete, fine grained sand is sprinkled
upon the Bamboo culms. Before drying of polyester resin, a fine layer of sand is sprinkled, so
that the sand is glued with the polyester resin.

Figure 8 Application of Polyester resin on to the Bamboo culms and sprinkling of sand

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 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for
Reinforcement

Figure 9 Tying of reinforcements to the Bamboo culms and Finished bamboo beams with partial
replacement of reinforcement

4. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 10 Load Vs Deflection curve Figure 11 Stress Vs Strain curve ANSYS

R² = 0.9946
Load Vs Deflection
250

200

150
Load

100 Deflection

50 Poly.
(Deflection)

0 50
Deflection mm

Figure 12 Load Vs Deflection Curve Figure 13 Stress Vs Strain curve

Figure 14 Failure of Bamboo reinforced beam element 8mm

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 Syed Faraz Siddique, Priyanka S, Nishanth L

Figure 15 Crack pattern of 8mm modeled bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS software

5. CONCLUSIONS
By the Comparison of Ultimate Compressive Strength (N/ mm²) of Bamboo without Knots
and of Bamboo with Knots, we conclude that bamboo without knots have more ultimate
compressive strength than compared to bamboo with knots. From the graph stress Vs strain of
bamboo, it was observed that bamboo exhibits low modulus of elasticity than steel. So it
doesn’t avert cracks developed in concrete beneath final load. Flexural test of strengthened
bamboo beam element, it was observed utilizing bamboo as substitute reinforcement in
concrete can step up the load carrying capacity of the beam. Application of polyester resin on
to the bamboo culms with reagent and catalyst with fine coating of sand results in decreasing
of the water absorption in bamboo culms. The young’s modulus of steel is much higher than
concrete. Hence, steel will take all the stresses induced due to loading. But in case of bamboo
reinforced concrete beam the young’s modulus of bamboo is lesser than that of concrete.
Hence, concrete will take all the stresses. This is the reason for the beam to fail due to shear.
The maximum failure load of the beam is 219KN for 8mm bamboo reinforced beam than
compared to other beams.38MPa is the strength in flexure for bamboo reinforced concrete
beam with 8mm reinforcement. Maximum deflection of 8mm partially bamboo reinforced
beam 2 element at failure is 26.94mm. All the bamboo reinforced specimens failed due to
shear Final cracking load of the bamboo reinforced beam element in ANSYS software is
26KN.

REFERENCES
[1] Investigation on properties of bamboo as reinforcing material in concrete: Harish sakaray,
N.V vamsi Krishna togati, I.V. ramana reddy, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2012,
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[3] Study on bamboo as reinforcement in cement concrete: Jigar k sevalia, nirav b siddhpura,
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1190
[4] Performance of bamboo reinforced concrete beam: I.K khan, Vol. 3, No 3, 2014, 836 –
840
[5] Finite element analysis of bamboo column along with steel socket joint under loading
condition: R khatry, D P mishra, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7 No.11 (2012)

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 Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam With Bamboo as Partial Replacement for
Reinforcement

[6] Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete element: Khosrow ghavami, Cement &
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